Standard for Measuring Determining and Expressing Building Energy Performance in a Rating Program

Transcription

1 BSR/ASHRAE Standard 214P Advisory Public Review Draft Standard for Measuring Determining and Expressing Building Energy Performance in a Rating Program First Advisory Public Review (August 2015) (Draft Shows Proposed New Standard) This draft has been recommended for public review by the responsible project committee. To submit a comment on this proposed standard, go to the ASHRAE website at and access the online comment database. The draft is subject to modification until it is approved for publication by the Board of Directors and ANSI. The appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this public review document does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, or design, and ASHARE expressly disclaims such ASHRAE. This draft is covered under ASHRAE copyright. Permission to reproduce or redistribute all or any part of this document must be obtained from the ASHRAE Manager of Standards, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA Phone: , Ext Fax: standards.section@ashrae.org. i

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PURPOSE SCOPE DEFINITIONS SCOPING OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING TYPE OF RATING RATING METHODOLOGY RATING SCALE BASELINE ASSESSOR INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY QUALITY ASSURANCE CERTIFICATE/ LABEL RENEWAL PERIOD REFERENCES INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A USE IN BENCHMARKING... 15

3 (This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) FOREWORD We are releasing an Advisory Public Review draft of proposed Standard 214 in order to gain early input from commenters on the direction we are taking. There is no standard that provides guidance for the design of a building rating system. There are many commercial entities that are rating buildings utilizing a number of different building rating systems yielding varying results. ASHRAE s Executive Committee spoke with several government and regulatory agencies as to the need and viability for this standard. The feedback received was an over whelming need for a standard that provides uniformity in the building energy labeling and disclosure process. This standard is intended to provide a non-commercial consensus ANSI/ASHRAE standard that can be used in international, national and regional legislation, policy making, and regulation activities. In addition to general feedback, the committee is asking for specific guidance by providing questions within the body of the standard. Those questions are highlighted in yellow. Note to Reviewers: This draft is available for comment according to ASHRAE procedures for an Advisory Public Review (APR). The purpose of an APR is to seek suggestions for new, unusual, or potentially controversial elements of the proposed standard that the project committee believes would benefit from increased public scrutiny prior to finalizing the draft for its first formal public review. To submit a comment on this proposed standard, go to the ASHRAE website at and access the online comment database. Apart from acknowledging receipt of each comment, communication with commenters by the authoring project committee is optional but may be undertaken to clarify a comment's intent or to invite further participation in the standard s development process. Any comments received as a result of this APR are deemed to be supportive and do not need to be resolved.

4 1. PURPOSE 1.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide a standardized approach and methodology for determining measuring and expressing building energy performance in a rating program. 1.2 The purpose of this standard is, to standardize the content of label associated with building energy rating programs, and to establish minimum requirements for rating program documentation. 2. SCOPE Question for advisory public review: Should groups or campus of buildings be included? 2.1 This standard applies to: a. new and existing buildings. b. the building site or campus on which the building(s) are located and all accessory and appurtenant structures and, energy using systems, and equipment located on the building site. 2.2 This standard establishes requirements for: a. Tthe disclosure of building energy use via a rating label and supporting summary documentation;. b. Mmodeling of buildings and building sites to estimate or predict building energy use and requirements for measuring and expressing energy use of buildings and building sites that are in operation.; c. determining and expressing energy use, with metered data, of buildings and building sites that are in operation; cd. Aacceptable credentialing criteria for individuals applying this standard and reporting building energy use;. de. Both pre-occupancy (design) and post-occupancy conditions (in operation).; and ef. Tthe format and content of the rating disclosure, the label, and supporting documentation. 2.3 This standard will consider site, source, and other energy performance metrics. 3. DEFINITIONS Label: definition. Building Type: definition. Space Class: definition. Whole-building definition. Certificate: definition. Rating system: definition. Expiration period: definition. Oversight: definition. Verification: definition. normalization parameter: a factor or parameter that allows for the normalization of energy use by the factor or parameter (e.g., Btu/student yr or kwh/widget yr) chosen to allow for expression of energy performance. 4. SCOPING OF THE SYSTEM 4.1 Rating System Parameters The rating system shall define the parameters and methodology used to predict or measure energy use in a building. The rating system shall clearly define the inputs required and the calculations and procedure used to determine a score for each rated building. The rating system shall provide the methodology for comparison of a rated building to similar buildings in the same climate zones, and the determination of a comparative score. 4.2 Type and Boundaries of Building

5 The standard shall indicate which building types are covered (i.e., Commercial, Residential, or Industrial). The rating system shall provide clear and unambiguous guidance regarding how to determine the limits or boundary of the rated building. 4.3 Where Does the Rating System Apply The rating system shall indicate which geographic, municipal, state or international area, location, countries to which the rating system may be applicable. 4.4 Identify the Type of Rating System Each rating program shall identify the type(s) of rating (asset, operational or other type of rating) to which it is applicable. 5. BUILDING 5.1 General The energy performance rating system seeking compliance with the requirements of this standard shall include one or more of the following buildings and all their operating systems: proposed, newly constructed, existing in-use, existing following alteration, or addition to an existing building. The aspects subjected to the rating performance comprises any or all enclosed spaces and operating systems that contribute to or influence energy performance and are associated with the building s requirements. 5.2 Building Type and Space Class The rating system shall disclose how it categorizes building type and conditioned spaces. The rating system shall define how it applies to different building types, mixed use buildings, partial buildings or groups of buildings. This definition shall be documented and publicly available. 5.3 Building Characteristics Associated with Its Energy Performance Conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer processes through the building envelope and from internal sources and system components give rise to conditioning requirements and therefore building energy consumption. Along with the operation of the internal systems/equipment, the building envelope and its characteristics will also have an impact on the overall energy performance. Question for advisory public review: Should the following list be included in this section? External: Walls, roofs, windows, skylights, doors, partitions, ceilings, and floors Internal: Lights, people, appliances, and equipment Infiltration: Air leakage and moisture migration System: Outdoor air, exhaust air, duct leakage and heat gain, reheat, fan and pump energy, and energy recovery All of the following building characteristics shall be included in a Whole-building rating system and one or more shall be included in a Less Than Whole-building rating system: a. Local Climate. In addition to site elevation, hourly values for climatic data including Air Temperature (Dry and Wet-bulb), solar radiation, wind speed and direction, and relative humidity. b. Building Type. Elements of building type include occupancy activity levels and densities, and internal gains, along with associated schedules. c. Building Envelope. Element U-factors, air tightness, window-wall ratio. d. Mechanical Systems. Space heating, cooling and ventilation, hot water heating, pumps, fans and other auxiliary equipment. e. Electrical Systems. Lighting, power distribution, plug, and other equipment loads. f. Process loads g. Energy producing systems, if they exist Less Than Whole-building rating systems shall disclose how excluded building characteristics are addressed.

6 6. TYPE OF RATING 6.1 General The type of rating being used is dependent upon parameters and restrictions listed in this section, and applies to all rating types listed in this section. The rating shall be based on energy performance. Examples of energy performance include but are not limited to site, source, carbon, and/or cost. It shall promote high performance building guidelines and standards. It shall be developed and revised through an open process that considers input from materially affected parties. Questions for advisory public review: Should the minimum requirement be consensus based? With a public review process? With a balanced committee? SI and IP units shall be used in calculations, as applicable. Ratings can be applied to residential, industrial, and commercial building sectors, and different methodologies can be applied to each sector group. Ratings can be based on the whole building or defined boundary portions of the building as long as the energy use is measureable by approved means and methods that is the subject of the energy analysis. Informative Note: See Informative Appendix A for application of rating systems in benchmarking programs Methods and Calculations The rating shall use documented scoring methods and shall be described in the published instructions for the program. The metrics and methodologies used in the evaluation shall be defined. The comparison metrics or baselines shall be subdivided into similar building types, including mixed use, located in the same climate zones, and shall be taken from a reliable source, repeatable for its applications, and based on current scientifically derived knowledge. The rating process shall utilize standard industry, nationally recognized and accepted engineering calculations and formulas. Baselines shall be allowed to be calculated or fixed, based on internal data from a single building or external data from similar building types, or energy codes. If the rating systems utilize normalization parameters and procedures, they shall be documented and disclosed. Data for baseline shall be allowed to be obtained from sources such as total building stock, specific state or local building stock, single portfolio of buildings, or other credible sources. The use of renewable energy sources and calculations, either on-site or off-site, shall be clearly defined. The comparison methodology shall be clearly defined and published.

7 Oversight Rating criteria shall have oversight by at least one level of supervision by an organized and balanced entity of the provider organization having jurisdiction; this entity shall have the knowledge, expertise, and the authority to make changes and alterations to the rating rules and process. The rating system shall require that oversight of the rating is provided by a third party, which shall have requisite qualifications. The rating system organization shall have an oversight structure, and shall disclose how oversight is provided and have a clearly defined process in place. If there are significant changes to the process there shall be a method for users review and comment, and published with a revision number system. It shall be subject to periodic evaluation and revisions, based on public or private comments and suggestions. Rating forms shall be executed under the responsible charge of a responsible and qualified person/entity/team with requisite subject matter expertise in energy efficiency, rating, modeling, analysis, assessment, and/or evaluation, as required for the specific task. The methodology of submitting the rating parameters, and calculating the energy rating score and/or grade shall be transparent and documented in the instructions. The rating provider shall publish and regularly maintain a public communication and comment pathway, such as a website or newsletter, containing all of the information required to complete the rating process and procedure, including a means of communicating with the provider for questions, comments, appeals, waivers, and feedback. The rating submission process shall have quality assurance requirements. It shall include a verification system for post-occupancy assessment of the rated buildings to demonstrate continued energy savings at least every four years after initial occupancy. 6.2 Operational Rating The Operational rating shall have its energy usage metric values based on the actual measured, metered, and documented energy use. The actual energy usage values used in the rating will be the most current values available and shall not be more than 2 years old. Question for advisory public review: Should the period be 3 years, or some other period, rather than 2 years? The energy data used in the rating shall be from the most current continuous periods specified in the rating (e.g. at least 12 consecutive months). The subject building shall be in operation for its intended purpose for a period of time greater than or equal to the period of time specified in the rating (e.g. 12 months). The rating process shall be permitted to include some quantity of indoor environmental measurements, such as temperature, relative humidity, lighting levels, CO2, in order to confirm that the building is being used and operated as it was intended to be, comfortable, and building systems and equipment are

8 operating in their normal designed schedules and intensities. Include observations of other aspects of performance in order to guard against abuse of the rating calculation itself. If required by the building rating program, photographs shall confirm building operations, levels of service, evidence of claimed energy efficiency measures, and/or appearance. The rating forms shall: a. If required, be permitted to list a minimum of 3 examples of suggested energy efficiency measures and their estimated costs and savings, which could be done to improve its building rating score, with a minimum of a simple financial payback period. b. Describe the energy using equipment contained in the building. c. If required, allow space for feedback about comfort issues to be documented. 6.3 Asset The Asset rating shall be based on the available Design and/or record documents, including the plans, specification, change orders, supplemental instructions, as-built, and addenda, or by other means to verify the design parameters. The rating shall be permitted to be based on the final results from a standardized energy model of the buildings total energy use taken directly from the design or record drawings, specifications, and addenda that are intended for construction. The rating process shall use standardized energy modeling inputs to assess the potential energy performance of the building. All modeling variables and inputs that are used in the model and are different from the actual design values will be listed with reasons stated about why they are being used or permitted. The modeling software used to create the single or multiple models shall be a readily available and cataloged standard product with a 1+ year proven record of satisfactory performance and delivery of the essential output metrics. The building design documents used shall be: a. Intended for use in construction of the building. b. Substantially complete and used for construction for its stated occupancy type. 6.4 Other Types of Ratings This space is reserved for future use. The committees seeks guidance in the advisory public review on topics including energy use based on performance or productivity, such as variations about energy cost ratios; life cycle cost; energy productivity; energy per occupant, student, and piece of production. 7. RATING METHODOLOGY 7.1 Application of Methodology The rating system shall define the methodology and boundary conditions used for determining expected or measured building energy performance. The methodology shall be used in the determination of a comparative score or grade based on building energy performance. The methodology shall be based on the whole building or the portion of the building that is the subject of the energy performance rating. The methodology shall clearly define the inputs required and the procedure used to determine a rating for each building. The methodology shall allow the comparison of a rated building to buildings with the same function or activity in the same climate zone. The methodology shall specify the minimum percentage of building area and use type included in the rating and comparisons. The methodology shall include the ability to provide a rating based on building energy performance over a period of at least 12 consecutive months. For Operation ratings, the subject building shall be in operation for its intended purpose for a period of time greater than or equal to the period of measure specified in the methodology. The rating shall be based on one or more of the following criteria:

9 a. Prescriptive - Elements/Components/Assemblies/Equipment b. Whole-Building Performance c. Less Than Whole-Building Performance d. Post Occupancy Operation e. Commissioning and/or Maintenance Program When the rating combines 2 or more of the above criteria in a conglomerate score, the employed criteria weighting shall be rationalized. The rating system shall define the methodology used to account for all energy forms used and produced by the building. The methodology shall account for all energy forms used and produced by the building. For operational ratings, the source of data for each energy form shall be either a utility bill, utility meter, site installed meter, or on-site measurement. The methodology shall specify the type of energy performance and energy cost information used in the rating. Historical energy use and energy cost data shall be the most current values available and shall not be more than 3 years old. Question for advisory public review: Do you think the methodology should account for all energy forms used and produced by the building, or just all energy forms used by the building? Question for advisory public review: Should this standard address renewable energy production? If so, how? Question for advisory public review: Should this standard address non-renewable energy production? If so, how? 7.2 Compliance with Building Energy Performance Standards and Programs The methodology shall be in accordance with an ANSI, ISO, or CEN standard method of measuring or determining building energy performance, or shall be in accordance with a government issued methodology or other approved methodology as determined by the AHJ. 7.3 Scoring Buildings shall be rated according to a defined scoring metric and methodology that are described in the rating system and available for public review. All buildings receiving a rating shall be scored according to the same metric. If changes are made to the metric or criteria, these shall be denoted by a change in rating version. If different building types are rated using different metrics or criteria, the versions shall be designated in the rating documentation. 7.4 Reporting of Rating Score The score shall be reported on any reports, labels, or certificates associated with the rating. A scale shall be provided on the label or in another publicly-available forum to show how a building s score relates to other buildings or to a reference building. 8. RATING SCALE The rating scale shall have one or a combination of the methodologies prescribed in this section: a. a documented scale with instructions how it is used and interpreted. b. a basis in a mathematical algorithm comparing the subject building energy consumption to a baseline. c. a system that distinguishes energy performance that is consistent across all building types and climate zones in the provider program. The rating scale format shall include one or more of the following elements: a. Numbers b. Letters c. Words d. Colors e. Length

10 f. Grade Grades shall indicate the rating system s level of recognition, distinction, effort, or acceptance, from a range of passing to failing grades, and may only include just pass or fail. 9. BASELINE 9.1 Application The baseline shall provide the reference level of energy performance for evaluating the rated building s energy performance. One or more building energy performance baselines shall permit comparisons among similar building types located in similar climate, and shall be taken from a reliable source, repeatable for the intended applications, and based on current scientifically derived knowledge. Each baseline shall be clearly defined and researched and use standard calculations, formulas, and scoring methods that are applicable throughout the jurisdiction covered by the rating. The baseline shall apply to single use or mixed use building types. 9.2 Methodology General The baseline methodology used to determine a building s rating shall have provisions that address the consistency of the ratings among comparable buildings when the rated building s energy performance is compared with the baseline building energy performance Asset Ratings The baseline methodology for asset ratings shall be based on the building location, physical characteristics, and major energy using systems independent of variable operational and occupancy factors that are under the control of building occupants. The methodology shall permit the use of energy simulation tools or on-site assessment to estimate the energy performance of the baseline and rated building s local climate, orientation, envelope, mechanical systems, and electrical systems under standard operating conditions, independent of the behavior of the building occupants Operational Ratings The baseline methodology for operational ratings shall permit the use of actual metered or measured energy data and building characteristics to account for the building location, structure, and energy consuming components, as well as variable operating conditions that are dependent on the behavior of building occupants. The methodology shall permit the use of approved normalization. (Normalize for weather for extreme events) 9.3 Documentation Metrics, methodologies, and values used to determine the baseline and rated building energy performance for comparisons shall be documented. Question for advisory public review: How much more detail do we want to go with documentation requirements? 10. ASSESSOR 10.1 Assessor qualifications Data collection and calculations for the rating shall be supervised or conducted by a qualified assessor, who assumes responsibility that the rating has been conducted according to the rating system standards. The rating system shall clearly describe the qualifications and process required to become an assessor. A list of assessors in good standing shall be available to the public Demonstration of competence Assessors shall demonstrate competence via one of the following methods: a. A government-issued license or certificate. b. An ANSI accredited assessment or testing process.

11 10.2 Potential Conflicts of Interest Assessors shall disclose in writing to the rating customer potential conflicts of interest as determined by the rating system provider, including, at a minimum, when the assessor or the assessor s employer: a. is receiving a fee for providing the assessment. b. is the provider of design services for the building. c. is a provider of products that may be used in the building or recommended in the assessment. d. is a provider of construction services for the building or that may be recommended in the assessment. e. Has a financial interest in the sale, rental, or construction of the property being assessed Assessor Participation Rating programs shall: a. maintain written agreements with assessors that define their responsibilities as participants in the rating system. b. define an adjudication process for addressing issues with assessors who fail to meet ongoing program requirements or quality assurance requirements. c. provide a means for assessors to appeal their suspension or termination and to receive a formal judgment in writing. 11. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY The rating system shall state the standard or standards that constitute the design basis of acceptable indoor environmental conditions. The standard or standards of acceptable indoor environmental quality shall address factors relevant to occupant satisfaction, productivity, and building-related health, and the appropriateness of the environmental conditions for its intended use. The following shall be the minimum criteria to address. The rating system shall identify minimum conditions below which indoor environmental quality shall not be compromised in order to improve the rating. The rating system shall have and describe its approach to balancing parameters related to occupant comfort, ventilation and filtration, and lighting quantity and quality that affect the rating Occupant comfort The rating system shall identify or reference the source used to identify parameters and sampling methods associated with occupant comfort Ventilation and filtration The rating system shall identify or reference the source used to identify parameters and sampling methods associated with building ventilation and filtration Lighting quantity and quality The rating system shall identify or reference the source used to identify parameters and sampling methods associated with lighting quantity and quality Noise limitations Where noise limitation is included in the rating, the rating system shall identify or reference the source used to identify parameters and sampling methods associated with noise limitation Other indoor environmental quality parameters Where other indoor environmental quality parameters are included in the rating, the rating system shall identify or reference the source used to identify parameters and sampling methods associated with those parameters. Questions for advisory public review: This section incorporates additional indoor environmental quality compliance requirements for energy rating systems. We seek public input on this section in its entirety and the level of detail of compliance requirements.

12 12. QUALITY ASSURANCE 12.1 General The rating program shall have the following quality assurance attributes prescribed in this section. The rating program shall: a. possess a reliable and scientific analysis basis. b. use standard calculations, formulas, and scoring methods. c. be applicable and consistent with national standards. d. compare to a clearly defined and researched baseline or benchmark. e. require qualified and credentialed professionals to be in responsible charge. f. provide a documented set of deliverables and recognition program with specific criteria and levels. g. have one level of oversight by an organized and balanced group of professionals (more than 3 persons), with subject matter expertise in what the rating is based about. h. have at least one level of a published appeal process. i. upon startup or update of the program, a documented effort to request comments and review/input in a public review process from materially effective parties or entities. j. require identification of who is doing the oversight of the certification and if it is third party verified. k. require the parties verifying the rating to denote if they are self-certified or if a third party is providing the verification Submissions The submissions of the rating shall have the following quality assurance attributes prescribed in this section. The submission shall: a. be submitted on the most actively approved form and methodology published for the rating program Question for advisory public review: What requirement should there be for determining the version of submission form to be used? b. be reviewed for compliance in accordance with rating program administrative and technical requirements by an organized and balanced group (more than 2 persons) with at least one/half of the members of the group with subject matter expertise in what the rating is based about. The rating system shall require that at least 7% of the submissions be reviewed by a subject matter expert team as required by Section 12.2(b). 13. CERTIFICATE/ LABEL The rating system shall provide a Certificate or Label for each building or group of buildings that has/have been rated. The Certificate or Label shall clearly indicate the score of the rated building or group of buildings using the scoring metrics of the rating system. The Certificate or Label shall include the date of the rating or date of final certification and the period (calendar dates) of the metered data used in calculating the rating. The Certificate or Label shall become the property of the building owner. The version of the rating system shall be disclosed on the Certificate or Label. If the rating system has an expiration period or date, it shall be disclosed on the Certificate or Label. 14. RENEWAL PERIOD The rating system shall state if the rating for the building or group of buildings has an expiration period or date. If the rating has an expiration period or date, the rating system shall define the requirements for renewal or extending the expiration period or date.

13 15. REFERENCES SECTION 6 REFERENCES ASHRAE Standard , Atlanta: ASHRAE. ASHRAE Standard ASHRAE Standard ASHRAE Standard ANSI EESCC Roadmap document: SECTION 8 REFERENCES 1. ASHRAE rating program, Building Energy Quotient (beq) rating program 2. CIBSE rating program, (EPC), Energy Performance Certificate and (DEC), Display Energy Certificate for Operational Ratings. 3. Brasil rating program, Procel. 4. EPA (US government) rating program, Energy Star.

14 (This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A USE IN BENCHMARKING A1. Ratings A1.1 Ratings should not be used to a. financially penalize any building owner, tenant, or occupant. b. evict any building occupant or tenant. A1.2 Ratings should be used as a relative measure to compare buildings, but not as accurate predictors of items such as annual energy costs. A1.3 Compliance with Standard 214 does not imply that the specific rating score is comparable or equivalent with other Standard 214-compliant rating program(s) scores. A1.4 Standard 214 should not be used to rate or grade rating systems. The use of Standard 214 does not indicate the relative merits of rating systems that are compared against each other. A2. Operational Ratings A2.1 Where the building has transferred ownership, the new ownership should be allowed a specified grace period to achieve a new operational rating. A2.2 Operational ratings apply to the building as measured during the time periods of its rating. Significant operational changes, such as tenant turn over, functional change, or usage, require a new rating. A2.3 Operational ratings may combine the elements of an asset rating, type of occupants or tenants, O&M practices, and equipment installed and used by occupants or tenants. A3. Asset Ratings A3.1 Asset ratings apply to the building as designed at the time of its rating. Significant changes in the building enclosure, systems, equipment, or usage type(s) will invalidate the original asset rating, and trigger the need to re-evaluate the asset rating under the new configuration. A3.2 Asset ratings should be allowed to be different from operational ratings.