Urban Transport Institutional and Financial Issues. International best practices

Transcription

1 Urban Transport Institutional and Financial Issues International best practices

2 Contents 2 I N T R O D U C T I O N S E L E C T E D F O R E I G N E X A M P L E S C O N C L U S I O N

3 Introduction : Key issues 3 Efficient urban transport system is essential for the economic growth of the Dhaka Large financial needs for capital investment in Dhaka Metropolitan Area Priority to public transport is essential Traffic & Demand management : parking policy, road mixed use, public transport regulation Multi-modality is paramount: coordination issues (physical, fare and level of service) Project planning quality is important: Alternatives Analysis Implementation issues: pre-construction activities Sustainability issues (O&M finance, regulation and monitoring) Enabling institutional framework is needed

4 Institutional & financial arrangements: Selected foreign examples 4 VANCOUVER PARIS NEW YORK

5 5 OVERVIEW VANCOUVER 21 cities in regional federation (Greater Vancouver Regional District, GVRD) 2.2 million residents, jurisdiction 2,000 km 2 Major gateway for sea and air, port city on the Pacific Prior to 1999 no regional transportation authority 5 TransLink Responsibilities Public Transport (Light Rail, Buses, Ferries, transportation for disabled) Roads (including bridges) Demand Management Air Quality

6 6 OVERVIEW VANCOUVER 6 Legal Mandates Prepares strategic Plan Can raise revenue from dedicated sources Governance The Council (21 mayors): Appoints the Commissioner Appoints the Board directors Services delivered through subsidiary companies and contractors

7 FUNDING FUNDING 7 FINANCIAL ASPECTS Main sources: transit fares, dedicated property taxes, gasoline tax Post 2007: authority also given for land development around stations Transit Fares 37% Motor Fuel Tax 32% Property Taxes 27% Other 4% Source: Translink Annual Report 2008

8 8 OVERVIEW PARIS 8 Ile-de-France: one of 22 administrative regions of France, 29% of France s GDP 11.5 million residents, area 12,000 km 2 Paris: most important hub of France's railway and motorway networks. STIF (Syndicat des Transports d Ile-de- France) STIF history Was created in 1959 (named STP) Geographic area progressively broadened to whole Region Governance progressively decentralized Responsibility for all modes of public transport:

9 9 OVERVIEW LEGAL POWERS 9 Borrowing funds Contracting authority for investment projects (except for suburban rail) Setting levels of transport tax (VT) within legal limits STIF Main Responsibilities appointing operators and defining general operating conditions formulating pricing policy, setting fares Planning system modernization contracting some major investments particularly those set out in the State- Region planning contract funding of public transport in Ile-de- France (7.5 billion euros for 2007) drafting the PDU (Regional Urban Mobility Plan)

10 10 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS GOVERNANCE 10 Board of 29 members: designated mostly by elected bodies Chairman of the Board: an elected regional representative appointed by the Region. Managing Director: appointed by STIF Chairman

11 11 CORPORATE STRUCTURE INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS (2) 11 operators of public transport services: government owned: RATP, SNCF, RFF (infrastructure) OPTILE: union of private operators Relations between the STIF and operators are governed by contracts stipulating the consistency of the service expected by the operators the methods for assessing the funding provided by the STIF, taking into account pricing policy and quality-of-service objectives.

12 12 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 12 A key resource: Versement Transport Public Transport Budget ( 7,411 billion in Yr 2005) (tax on wages paid by administrations and companies with more than 9 salaried employees) Sources Customers 27% VT 35% Gvt. 21% Other employers 9% Other 8% Expenditures Operation 82% Investments 18% Source: Introducing the STIF brochure, 2006

13 13 OVERVIEW NEW YORK 14.6 million residents, jurisdiction 13,000 km 2 Major gateway for sea and air, largest port city on the Atlantic North America's largest transportation network MTA formed 1968, largest public transportation provider in the Western Hemisphere 13 Strategic public transport planning Project preparation and implementation for major public transport investments Management, operations for entire public transport system Metro Suburban rail Buses Some bridges and tunnels

14 14 GOVERNANCE MTA carries out planning and other responsibilities both directly and through its subsidiaries and affiliates, and provides oversight to these subordinate agencies, The Related Entities Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) Metro-North Railroad (MNR) Staten Island Railway (SIR) MTA Capital Construction (MTACC) MTA Regional Bus Operations Long Island Bus (or LI Bus) MTA Bus Company (MTA Bus) MTA New York City Bus Select Bus Service INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS 14 Seventeen (17) member board nominated by governor, confirmed by New York State senate and Counties in service area 4 recommended by NYC mayor 4 non-voting seats including one for Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee and 3 seats for labor union representatives Mix of people from political, business and technical sectors

15 15 FINANCIAL ASPECTS Capital budget 15 sources Federal Grants 34% Bonds & Debt Borrowings 38% State Contributions 5% City Appropriations 7% Source: CTS MMRDA Mumbai, LEA Associates, 2008 Operation Funding (2008) Costs :$9.2 B (no amortization) Revenue: $6 B fares 71.3%, net tolls 21.2%, other operating revenue 7.5% Subsidies come from: Triboro Bridge and Tunnel Authority tolls Dedicated stock transaction taxes Dedicated real estate (mortgage transfer) taxes Direct aid from New York City and State budgets

16 Metropolitan Transport Authority Functions Strategic Planning 2. Specific investment, system improvement planning 3. Urban/public transport policy 4. Public transport regulating 5. Public service obligation funding 6. Infrastructure constructing 7. Public transport operating

17 Institutional arrangements : summary City Agency Functions Scope Area Paris STIF 1 to 5-6 Public transport London TFL 1 to 5-6 Public transport Major roads New York MTA 1 to 7 Public transport Some bridgestunnels Vancouver Translink 1 to 7 Public transport Major roads 17 Region Metropolitan area State of New York part of metropolitan area Metropolitan area

18 Funding arrangements : summary City Agency Sources of Funds Paris STIF Transport tax (VT); central, Region & local Govt. general revenue London TFL Congestion Charges; central & local Govt. general revenue New York MTA Farebox; Federal, State & local Govt. general revenue; dedicated taxes on petroleum businesses, mortgage and real estate; bridge/tunnel tolls Vancouver Translink Farebox; fuel tax; property tax 18

19 Conclusion Characteristics of Metropolitan Transport Authorities of reference metropolises C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S T H E Y H A V E O R T E N D T O H A V E 19 S T R O N G S T A T U T O R Y A U T H O R I T Y ( A C T ) Over the entire metropolitan area Over public transport modes and often part of road infrastructure Over multi-modality and demand management For Service level definition and monitoring For Public service obligation funding S T A B L E S O U R C E O F F U N D P A R T L Y E A R M A R K E D H I G H Q U A L I T Y P R O F E S S I O N A L S T A F F A N S W E R I N G T O A B O A R D R E P R E S E N T I N G T H E S T A K E S I N T H E I R D I V E R S I T Y ( L O C A L G O V E R N A N C E )

20 Conclusion Characteristics of Metropolitan Transport Authorities of reference metropolises P U B L I C SERVICE OBLIGATION I N U R B A N T R A N S P O R T Priority to public transport => regulation of public transport service delivery definition of level of service funding of PSO (capital grant, fare subsidy) monitoring and enforcement of contractual obligations 20 Investment/operation done by independent companies or by the Authority itself

21 The STIF Board 21 Source: Introducing the STIF brochure, 2006