Decision-making model of the urban regeneration construction project based on environment improvement

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1 Decson-makng model of the uran regeneraton constructon project ased on envronment mprovement Astract Shlong L,*, Hongyan Tan 3 Faculty of Constructon Management and Real Estate Chongqng Unversty, Chongqng Cty, Chna, 445 Centre for Constructon Economcs and Management Chongqng Unversty, Chongqng Cty, Chna, Department of Buldng Economy Chongqng Vocatonal College of Archtectural Engneerng, Chongqng Cty, Chna, 47 Receved 6 Octoer 3, Uran regeneraton s regarded as a more delerate and harmonous progress of development, whch takes a seres of more sensle and multple regeneraton ways to acheve the goals, such as protecton, repar, reuse and redevelopment. It s suggested that uran regeneraton has postve effects on uran development and socal economc system. Improvements n uran systems manly orgnate from the envronmental mprovement, ncludng ecologcal envronment, socal envronment and the neghourhood envronment. Uran regeneraton constructon project and ts decson-makng model ecome the mportant research contents of uran regeneraton. Ths paper dscusses the uran regeneraton from angle of project, and suggests a mathematcal decson-makng model of the uran regeneraton constructon project, whch consders the rsk, cost and envronment constrants. Meanwhle, t s suggested that the jont explotaton s an mportant selecton crteron. A case smulaton s suggested n ths paper n order to test the strategy model. Keywords: Uran Regeneraton, Decson-makng Model, Project Introducton It s consdered that uran regeneraton orgnates from large-scale torn down and reconstructed renewal projects, whch s regarded as the sustanale constructon tasks n the development of uran constructon. The old uran tssue may nevtaly appear to physcal form declne durng the process of uran development and expanson. The uran pattern, pulc facltes and uldngs are faced wth the transformaton of physcal and economc performance or may e reconstructed consderng the overall envronment requrements. Due to the varous constant mpacts and challenges durng the vcsstude of the socal economy and poltcal structure, some of the old uran areas are ncreasngly at the dsadvantageous postons []. It have een ponted out that uran regeneraton s the nevtale product n the process of uran development y dfferent feld researchers, whch s also an ntutve performance of development and changes of the uran economy, socety, envronment and spatal morphology []. Uran regeneraton s mplemented y dfferent constructon projects, whch could mprove the uran functon, amelorate the lvng envronment and promote the comprehensve qualty of the cty. The element dversfcatons of the space, quantty and qualty are rought aout y the uran regeneraton, whch wll affect all uran systems and ndvduals wth the mplementaton of new URCP (uran regeneraton constructon project). Whtehead, T researched the lnk etween uran qualty mprovements and economc actvty, and ponted out that t was ovously mportant for the uran regeneraton and renassance agendas whch post attractve and well-desgned envronments as a way to create the rght condtons for promotng economc growth [3]. Whtley, R and Prnce, M recognzed that uran soco-envronmental condtons could affect the development and course of numerous health prolems n ther research, who suggested that uran regeneraton programs could have on everyday functonng, copng and recovery for people wth a mental llness [4]. Lawless, P examned the relatonshp etween transport nvestment and uran regeneraton ased on an Englsh provncal cty, and ponted out that new nvestment had only a relatvely lmted mpact on regeneraton [5]. Bddulph, Mke examned the economc and governance context through whch new forms of uran desgn polcy and gudance have emerged, and dscussed whether and how they have een appled to developments emergng across the centre [6]. Lloyd, MG researched the uran regeneraton and the communty development, and suggested that communty plannng and socal ncluson partnershps were the vehcles for the uran regeneraton [7]. Rogers, Chrs D.F. thought that lttle had een done to test uran regeneraton solutons n hs paper and descred a methodology that has developed future scenaros for the year 5 aganst whch to test the roustness of current engneerng solutons, therey * Correspondng author e-mal: lslcqu@6.com 9

2 provdng unque nsghts nto the potental mpacts of present uran plannng and desgn decsons, and thus fnancal nvestments [8]. Uran regeneraton s emoded y a more delerate and harmonous progress of development, whch takes a seres of more sensle and multple regeneraton ways to acheve the goals, such as protecton, repar, reuse and redevelopment. Researchers suggest that uran regeneraton has postve effects on uran development and socal economc system. Improvements n uran systems manly orgnate from the envronmental mprovement, ncludng ecologcal envronment, socal envronment and the neghourhood envronment. Constructon project of uran regeneraton and ts decson makng ecome one of the mportant research content of uran regeneraton. Prolem Descrpton Uran regeneraton s often conssted of two aspects. The frst one s the regonal regeneraton, consderng the holstc regeneraton, whch ncludes the uran envronment, plannng, economc growth, and transportaton and so on. The other one s the constructon, whch manly consders the decson of constructon projects n varous condtons. Uran regeneraton n the aspect of constructon projects has experenced several stages, ncludng tear down and reconstructon, neghourhood repar, economc recovery and pulc prvate partnershps and then turn to mult stakeholder partnershps. Due to the uran envronmental degradaton caused y uran functon hysteress, such as the traffc congeston and unmerted waste dsposal, t s called to mprove the uran lvng condtons and envronment qualty y uran regeneraton constructon project. It s suggested that uran regeneraton constructon project usually tends to appear y form of the modfed constructon n envronment, economy, socety or uran personal ehavour, whch decsonmakng model s a knd of complex, herarchcal structure, mult-ojectve and uncertan system model. It s also consdered wth the random, hgh dmenson and nonlnear characterstcs [9]. Uran regeneraton constructon project s often chosen y the economy cost and consdered as a one-tme njecton from the perspectve of uran developers n the process of plannng and development, ut faled to consder long-term economc, socal and cultural factors. Actually, uran regeneraton often nvolves scentfc and ratonal allocaton of unt space ncrement, whch s needed to grasp and update the related nformaton of the uran unt, and then to make the choces and judgments, ncludng the scale of the uran regeneraton constructon project and the project portfolo. The project decsonmakng model s often used to e the ANP model, system dynamcs model and so on. In the research feld, t s lmted n the dscusson aout the model and method of the uran regeneraton constructon project selecton, whch s manly ecause of the complexty of the uran regeneraton constructon project. In ths paper, t s suggested to defne the decson-makng model of the uran regeneraton constructon project as the government envronmental governance project decsonmakng model, whch s from the perspectve of the government governance research. 3 Model Estalshment 3. ANALYSIS OF MODEL ESTABLISHMENT Ths paper dscusses uran regeneraton from the angle of project and especally the decson-makng model, whch often nvolves the conflctng economc, envronmental, and soco-ecologcal mpacts. However, too much emphass s focused on the economc goal mplementaton n the former research, whch may neglect the socal and envronmental demand. It s suggested that the DM-URCP (decson-makng model of the uran regeneraton constructon project) s mult ojectve decson-makng model, whch s restrcted y the followng aspects. 3.. Rsk constrant Rsk s composed of rsk factors, rsk accdents, rsk loss and so on. Generally, there are two knds of rsk defntons. The frst defnton emphaszes uncertanty, whch llustrates the possle results of loss, proft or alance. The second defnton just emphaszes uncertanty of the loss. In ths paper, t s suggested that rsk constrant of the uran regeneraton constructon project and ts decson-makng comes from the proalty of decson-makng falure and the envronment safety rsk n the process of the uran regeneraton constructon, whch s descred y the loss cost. Decson maker needs to undertake correspondng consequences, whch cannot e transferred. The evaluaton for the rsk constrant of DM-URCP s the smaller the etter, whch usually uses the method of the fuzzy mathematcs. 3.. Cost constrant In the uran regeneraton constructon project, fnance and ts source are usually to e thought and dscussed n front of the decson-makng. Accordng to the classcal research results, t s suggested that weghng the fnance constrants and agency costs of the captal udgetng s very mportant, whch are concern wth the constructon cost. Resources are lmt n any projects. Supposng the lmtaton of the resource reflectng n captal, t s dffcult to estmate the cost of URCP, whch s affected y the long constructon cycle and varous contents. Furthermore, funds wll e lmted n the uran regeneraton constructon project when regeneraton result cannot e confrmed. Accordng to the theory of

3 value engneerng, cost and functon regeneraton have a matchng degree etween them. It wll reduce the cost where two or more projects are mplemented at the same tme. Therefore, t wll cause the dfferent cost y selectng the dfferent project portfolo selecton n the DM-URCP Envronment constrant Bearng capacty of resources and envronment s lmted. It s wdely recognzed that ntense of the energy supply, unalance of the energy consumpton, low utlzaton of the energy use and envronmental polluton caused y energy consumpton nevtaly lead to the envronmental polluton. In the process of the uran regeneraton constructon project, caron emssons wll e produced durng the demolton of uldngs. Meanwhle envronment wll e occuped durng the process of the new constructon. In ths paper, t s suggested that envronmental constrants emoded n the water resource and land constrants. If the constructon or demolton amounts of the uran regeneraton constructon project exceed certan amounts, more uran land wll e occuped and wll cause the land damage, whch means that more roken lands cause envronmental prolems. Then, consumpton of water resources wll rse wth the ncrease of the constructon scales Technology constrant Technology constrant of the uran regeneraton constructon project usually appears n some specal projects or areas, whch are caused y poston of plan and constructon project statonary, such as harmless treatment of the sol and super uldng constructon etc. For most of the uran regeneraton constructon projects, t s not to e consdered of the technology constrant. Then, n ths paper, t s thought that the technology constrant s wthout any nfluence on the decsonmakng Culture constrant Culture s very mportant towards the cty. One of the culture carrers s the constructon projects n the cty. The culture may e destroyed wth the mplement of the project. It s recognzed that culture constrant conssts of atttudes of the uran resdents to the uran regeneraton constructon project and the elastcty alteraton of the uran vens, whch s a knd of soft constrants and dffcult to measure. In ths paper, culture constrant s not consdered n the decson-makng model of the uran regeneraton constructon 3. PARAMETERS DEFINITION AND THE MODEL In decson makng of the uran regeneraton constructon project, t s mportant to reduce the rsk, cost and the envronment effects as well as mplement the programs n accordance wth the technology constrant and the culture constrant. Suppose (=,,3, n) s the uran regeneraton constructon project pont. Frstly, analyse and estalsh the model for a sngle project. It s suggested that the decson makng of the uran regeneraton constructon project depends on the cost and the rsk, whch conssts of the constructon, demolton and the envronmental effects, f do not consder the culture and technology constrants. Accordng to the prncple of constructon, uran regeneraton constructon project wll rng out the envronment polluton and the resources consumpton, whch can also e translate nto the cost, defned as the envronmental loss cost. Demolton cost of the uran regeneraton constructon project cos t s a functon of demolton scale d Q. Envronment capacty n specfc regon s lmted. Thus, f demolton scale of the uran regeneraton constructon project outnumers the maxmum capacty, whch usually estmated as a certan d demolton amount Q. If demolton scale of the project d s less than the mn capacty Q, t wll cause the land fragmentaton whch s also the envronmental loss cost. Then, cost Q Q Q C st.. ; ; d d Q Q ; Q Q Q C st.. ; ; d d Q Q d d d d d d d d, () where cos t represents the demolton cost of the uran regeneraton constructon project. s the unt of demolton cost of the uran regeneraton constructon d project. s the unt of envronmental loss cost. C and d C are the constants. Meanwhle, the rsk wll rse correspondng wth the ncrease of the demolton cost. Constructon cost of the uran regeneraton constructon project cos t s a functon of constructon scale Q. In the decson makng of the uran regeneraton constructon project, large scale of constructon may mean etter qualty and more comfortale envronment. Certanly, the cos t wll rse wth the ascendant of the constructon scale. Decson should alance the functon of the uran regeneraton constructon project and the cost. Meanwhle, scale of the regeneraton wll rng out the rsk correspondng wth the cost. Rsk reserve should e consdered n the decson makng model. Constructon of

4 the project s dfferent from the demolton, whch s relevant wth the use of funds system. If the constructon scale outnumers a certan scale Q or less than a scale Q, cost wll rse or decrease correspondngly. Thus, t s suggested that the cost of the constructon ncludes the drect constructon cost, the exceed cost and the rsk cost. Then, cost Q Q wq d Q s. t. w ; ; Q Q Q Q wq d Q s. t. w ; ; Q Q C C, () where cos t represents the constructon cost of the uran regeneraton constructon project. w s the unt of constructon cost of the uran regeneraton constructon project. s the compound cost unt of exceed cost and rsk cost, whch s a functon of the proporton exceed cost and rsk cost n the same project. C and C are the constants. Meanwhle, the rsk wll rse correspondng wth the ncrease of the constructon cost. M cost cost f U st.. ;, (3) where M represents the sngle uran regeneraton constructon project cost and the represents f U the rsk utlty level of the project mplementaton achevements, whch s to judge the cost rsk and envronmental mpact of the uran regeneraton constructon project. and represent the demolton and constructon coeffcents, whch are not constants. Accordng to the descrpton aove, defne ' ' f U r x r cos t, (4) s t '.. r ' where r s the coeffcent of the rsk utlty. In the uran regeneraton, there s more than one project, whch may have the compound posslty of constructon. It s suggested that jont explotaton wll reduce the cost n the uran regeneraton constructon project. Set, n n n j j f c M c M M n n n j k j j M M M 3 n j k j tn jk... t M M M... M s. t. c ; j ; jk f c where ; C jk j k jk... t j k t, (5) f c represents jont explotaton cost of URCP, c, and represent cost savng coeffcent of the j jk jk... t two projects jont explotaton of, j, cost savng coeffcent of the three projects jont explotaton of, j, k and cost savng coeffcent of n projects jont explotaton of, j, k... n. The cost savng coeffcent etween each other s relevant wth the attrute of the project and often determned y the ANP method. C s a udget threshold. Actually, DM-URCP s to search the comnaton of the projects, whch jont explotaton cost, s mnmal. Thus, DM-URCP s set as, f c mn R mn. (6) s. t. mn f c C 4 Solvng the Model Accordng to the model estalshed n ths paper, t s a typcal comnatoral prolem to search the mn rsk, max constructon scale and the mn cost. Partcle swarm optmzaton s a swarm ntellgence optmzaton method, whch fnds the overall optmum n a complex search space through the competton and collaoraton among the partcles and has the advantage of solvng speed and stalty. It has mature calculaton program and acceptale for the model solvng f varale value s controlled. In a asc partcle swarm optmzaton algorthm, t estalshes an effectve nformaton sharng mechansm through the smulaton of the rds flyng []. Compared wth tradtonal optmzaton method, the partcle swarm optmzaton algorthm has characterstcs of such as faster and convergence speed, smaller scale calculaton etc. Accordng to the partcle swarm optmzaton algorthm, f there are M partcles n N-dmensonal space, the spatal coordnates of partcle s x x T j

5 and the dsplacement s T v v j, the optmal soluton could e found as the followng teratve method: v wv c rand pset X, x x v, where c rand gset X =,,3,,M; j=,,3, N. w s a N-dagonal matrx, whch represents the nerta weght. pset s the optmal value of partcle n the spatal locaton efore. gset s the optmal value of all partcles n the spatal locatons efore. C and C are the constant acceleraton. rand produce rand and the fgure etween and randomly. In addton, n the process of teraton, defne the dsplacement threshold v, and then, v v, v v. j j max j j max j max 5 Case Smulaton 5. CASE DEFINITION Because of the uran regeneraton demand, constructon s assocated wth the demolton. The decson s that the less of the demolton the etter correspondng wth the more of the constructon the etter, whch should also meet the rsk and cost constrants. In ths paper, Decsonmakng model of uran regeneraton constructon project does consder the culture and technology constrants temporarly and defne the rsk and envronment constrants nto measurale cost constrant. Suppose there are nne uran regeneraton constructon project ponts. The amount of demolton and constructon are showed n Tale. TABLE Demolton and Constructon Amount Ponts Demolton(m ) Constructon(m ) Parameters settng and the result Accordng to applcaton of partcle swarm optmzaton research, t suggested to solve the model y partcle ' teraton. The parameters of and r value form the emprcal data. Adopt the method of ANP, whch s a mature method, c, and value [,] placed n j jk jk... t the calculaton process. The other parameters settng are shown as followng Tale. TABLE Parameters settng Parameter Value Parameter Value.35 w.5 Q d Q 5 Q d Q C d C C d C C By the model estalshed n ths paper and the solvng method, whch s set y controlled stages, the result, whch s processed y the plannng emprcal data s 4,7, ,.8., ,.9 6 Concluson Ths paper dscusses the uran regeneraton from angle of project, and tres to descre a stuaton of the decson makng model of the project. It can determne the amount and the jont explotaton strategy through the model estalshed n the paper and solvng method. However, t s only a smulaton, whch defnes many constrants, t s suggested that uran regeneraton consst of constrants and patterns research esdes the project. It s only a smulaton, whch defnes many constrants, t s suggested that uran regeneraton consst of constrants and patterns research esdes the project. References [] Han Zhang, Lnfe Song 8 Brtsh and Amercan Uran Regeneraton Research Revew from the Domestc Scholars Uran Prolems () (In Chnese) [] Zhao Ynghu Low-caron Desgn Strategy n Uran Renewal Plannng The Case of Mutoulong Project n Shenzhen Cty Renewal Programme Uran Plannng Forum 9(7) 44-7 (In Chnese) [3] Whtehead T, Smmonds D, Preston J 6 The Effect of Uran Qualty Improvements on Economc Actvty Journal of Envronmental Management 8() - [4] Whtley R, Prnce M 6 Health Promoton Internatonal () 9-6 [5] Lawless P 999 Transport Investment and Uran Regeneraton n a Provncal Cty: Sheffeld, Envronment and Plannng C- Government and Polcy 7() -6 [6] Bddulph M Progress n Plannng 76() 63-3 [7] Lloyd M G Uran Regeneraton and Communty Development n Scotland: Convergng Agendas for Acton Sustanale Development (3) [8] Rogers C D F, Lomard D R, Leach J M, Cooper R F D Proceedngs of the Insttuton of Cvl Engneers: Engneerng Sustanalty 65() 5- [9] Ha Zheng 7 Algorthm Study on Models of Multple Ojectve Rsk Decson under Prncpal and Suordnate Herarch Decsonmakng Operatons Research and Management Scence 6() -8 (In Chnese) [] Shen S Y, Lu Y K A New Class of Fuzzy Locaton- Allocaton Prolems and Its Approxmaton Method Informaton-an Internatonal Interdscplnary Journal 3(3) (In Chnese) 3

6 Authors Shlong L, orn n Septemer, 98, Shapnga Dstrct, Chongqng Cty, P.R. Chna Current poston, grades: the Assstant Professor of Faculty of Constructon Management and Real Estate, Chongqng Unversty, Chna. Unversty studes: receved hs B.Sc. from Chongqng Unversty n Chna. He receved hs M.Sc. from Chongqng Unversty n Chna. Scentfc nterest: Hs research nterest felds nclude Uran Plannng, Envronmental Engneerng and Management. Pulcatons: more than papers pulshed n varous journals. Experence: He has teachng experence of 7 years, has completed fve scentfc research projects. Hongyan Tan, orn n August, 97, Nanan Dstrct, Chongqng Cty, P.R. Chna Current poston, grades: the Assocate Professor of Chongqng Vocatonal College of Archtectural Engneerng, Chna. Unversty studes: receved her B.Sc. from Chongqng Unversty n Chna. She receved her M.Sc. from Chongqng Unversty n Chna. Scentfc nterest: Her research nterest felds nclude Project Management, Envronmental Engneerng and Management. Pulcatons: more than 5 papers pulshed n varous journals. Experence: She has teachng experence of years, and has completed sx scentfc research projects. 4