THEME: ENERGY USE IN THE STREET FOOD SECTOR IN SENEGAL

Transcription

1 THEME: ENERGY USE IN THE STREET FOOD SECTOR IN SENEGAL South Africa Workshop April 19 ENERGY USE IN THE STREET FOOD SECTOR. IS THERE A NEED FOR MORE RESPONSIVE DESIGN? Maïmouna Diouf enda énergie

2 The informal food sector s situation in Senegal and its impact on the economy

3 Importance of the informal sector in Senegal Value added to the GDP from the informal sector, during the period Value added to the informal sector 53,4% of GDP (DPEE 2004) The nonagricultural informal sector represents 48,8% of the active population and 41,6% of the GDP (ANSD 2013) The informal sector generates more than 60 % of the Senegalese GDP and employs more than 8 of the active population. (World Banque, 2015)

4 The place of women in the informal food sector in Senegal (after) 97% of Small/Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are in the informal sector These businesses in the informal sector only generate 16% of revenue 3% of the formal sector generates 7 of revenue for SMEs in Senegal Men 9.1% in Food industries 30.6% Trade 13.7% Construction and public Works 34.5% other services Women 21.5% in Food industries 7.3% in hotels, bars and restaurants 31.8 % Trade % other services What s the role of women in the informal sector? Source: National Agency and Statistics and Demography (NASD) 2013 enda

5 enda Activities of businesses in the informal food sector

6 Type of business in the informal food sector Effectif Type of Business Just selling a food product Food processing (e.g. grain milling, cereals, jam making, atchar, pickled veg. etc.) and selling Food preparation and food selling Processing, preparation (i.e. beer brewing, ginger beer) and selling prepared food Gender of respondent * Type of Business Gender of respondent Female Male Total Informal 0,8% 1,7% 2,5% 0,8% 1,7% 2,5% Informal 7,5% 9,2% 16,7% Formal 2,5% 0,4% 2,9% 10, 9,6% 19,6% Informal 35,8% 27,9% 63,8% Formal 7,5% 6,3% 13,8% 43,3% 34,2% 77,5% Informal 0,4% 0, 0,4% 0,4% 0, 0,4% Total Informal 44,6% 38,8% 83,3% Formal 10, 6,7% 16,7% Comments: Entrepreneurs in the informal food sector is more in food preparation and food selling Most of them prepare and selling food. There are some people to do just selling a food product so energy is very important in the informal food sector. enda

7 enda Location types of businesses Type of enterprise Description of the location Informal Formal Transport hub 16, 0, Market place 27,5% 15, Market managed by municipality 6, 17,5% Street vendor/ trader in a residential district 36,5% 27,5% Outside a shopping centre 1, 2,5% Shop or restaurant 11, 35, Comments: Businesses in the informal food sector practice their activities generally in garages, in roads, at roundabouts, in houses Very few rent boutiques or benefit from boutiques managed by the municipality. This type of placement and products have an impact on the energy use of businesses. Placement also influences their relation with local authorities. Refused to respond 2, 2,5%

8 enda Reasons for choosing these locations Description of the location Type of enterpris e It is close to home so i can combine work with taking care of my family It is a good place to attract customers I was told to take this location (e.g.allocate d by municipality for instance) Available for hire Inherited this location No alternative Refused to respond Informal 18,5% 54,5% 3, 9, 4, 10, 1, Formal 12,5% 47,5% 2,5% 20, 7,5% 10, 0, Total 17,5% 53,3% 2,9% 10,8% 4,6% 10, 0,8%

9 Energy sources used in food sector businesses enda

10 Energy source used in the food sector enda Energy source used in the food sector Refused to respond Electricity from grid PV system Firewood collected Firewood (bought) Crop residue (collected) Crop residue (bought) Charcoal/briquettes Biogas Candles Paraffine/kerosene Petrol (Non vehicule-operational-use) Diesel (Non-vehicule-operational-use) Gas (LPG/LNG) Car or other rechargeable battery Dry cell batteries 1% 3% 1% 24% 42% 1% 2% 43% 31% 22% 1% 3% 36% Female Male

11 Source of Energy preferred in food enterprises Photo: gas cooker R E F U S E D T O R E S P O N D E L E C T R I C I T Y F R O M G R I D PV-SYSTEM F I R E W O O D C R O P R E S I D U E C H A R C O A L / B R I Q U E T T E S B I O G A S C A N D L E S P A R A F F I N / K E R O S E N E D I E S E L O R P E T R O L ( N O N - V E H I C U L E - O P E R A T I O N - U S E ) G A S ( L P G / L N G ) D R Y C E L L, C A R O R O T H E R R E C H A R G E A B L E B A T T E R Y SOURCE OF ENERGY PREFERRED IN FOOD ENTERPRISES 4% 4% 29% 21% 48% 6% 6% 8% 3% 7% 6% 25% 17% Female Male 3% 3% 5% 8% 2 14% 9% 13% 4 Photo: BIOGAS Photo: Electricity from grid Photo: Pv-System

12 Access to energy services in the domestic fuel subsector Around the domestic fuel subsector, the threats relate to: Lack of synergy between the ministries in charge of energy and the environment Heavy pressure on forest resources and abusive and clandestine exploitation of peri-urban forests; Difficulties of women's access to credit to buy modern cooking equipment; Lack of tax and customs incentives for cooking equipment (biogas, improved fireplace, solar cooker, ect); Difficult access to financing of businesses and households; Low livestock housing for the supply of raw materials for biodigesters; Difficulty of financing the promotion of alternative energy sources;

13 Regulations: dominant authorities, how and why?

14 Local authorities and the informal sector Paying taxes for a fixed store is not important to informal enterprises that are always moving around and are mobile Entrepreneurs don t often benefit from having a fixed or permanent shop allocated by the local authorities, so very few informal businesses rent boutiques or stores Local authorities tax informal vendors at the local level who are operating in a public space without authorization

15 Development of female entrepreneurship for the improvement of the sector by the Ministry of Commerce, the informal sector, and SMEs; In Senegal with Act 3 of Decentralization, local authorities have more power in their communities; They charge entrepreneurs in the streets in the food sector for a license; The lack of a NINEA number (a registration number) doesn t mean that the informal sector isn t taxed, only 5% of enterprises do pay the licensing fee; On the side of repression, we can see the periodic attempts of the State to tax this sector, which we can imagine will relieve problems of public deficit. enda

16 VII. Spatial planning: influence on food sector operations Rehabilitation and modernization projects for markets of the Ministry of Commerce, the informal sector, and SMEs; The regular expulsion of travelling entrepreneurs who operate on the streets; The politics of special planning can accentuate the development of enterprises by setting up shops to enable the informal sector to obtain permanent premises; The success of various state ambitions to modernize these locations could encourage entrepreneurs to use sustainable energy services. enda

17 Messages to Policy Makers Apply incentives to increase the competitiveness of Modern Energy Services in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs); Support key players in the Informal Food Sector to increase professionalism in their businesses (formalization, networking/ corporate ecosystem for market development); Encourage businesses to use energy-efficient appliances; Promote the provision of information, awareness, and training to accelerate the transition to modern energy services in MSMEs; Strengthen women s ability to participate in the market for the empowerment of women. enda

18 Thanks! enda énergie 54, rue Carnot, BP Dakar, Sénégal Tél. (221) / Fax (221) enda.energy@endaenergie.org Web site : www://endaenergie.org News : enda énergie