JOINT STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT. Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy Statistics. Accompanying the document

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1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION HIGH REPRESENTATIVE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND SECURITY POLICY Brussels, SWD(2015) 77 final JOINT STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy Statistics Accompanying the document JOINT COMMUNICATION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Implementation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2014 {JOIN(2015) 9 final} {SWD(2015) 63 final} {SWD(2015) 64 final} {SWD(2015) 65 final} {SWD(2015) 66 final} {SWD(2015) 67 final} {SWD(2015) 68 final} {SWD(2015) 69 final} {SWD(2015) 70 final} {SWD(2015) 71 final} {SWD(2015) 72 final} {SWD(2015) 73 final} {SWD(2015) 74 final} {SWD(2015) 75 final} {SWD(2015) 76 final} EN EN

2 Contents Section I: Democracy, Good Governance and Human Rights State of ratification/signature of selected human rights conventions Deep Democracy Indicators Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ( ) Freedom House: Freedom in the World ( )* The Economist Intelligence Unit s Democracy index (2013)* World Press Freedom Index ( ) Freedom House: Freedom on the Net Other human rights indicators Death penalty (as of 30 June 2014) LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) rights (2013) Ratification of core labour standards (2013) Gender Inequality Index (2013) Global Gender Gap Index Rankings Other indicators UNDP Human Development Index (2013) Global Peace Index Ranking ( ) Ranking of Happiness ( )* World Bank s Doing Business 2014 Ranking Global Competitiveness Index ( ) Section II: Macroeconomic indicators Real GDP growth rate (%) GDP per capita (EUR) Demographic indicators (1) Inflation rate, average (%) Unemployment rate (% of labour force)

3 6. Employment rate (% of persons aged 15-64) Government debt and deficit / surplus (%) Current account balance and trade balance (%) Section III: The EU and the Partners Main agreements in force with partners Trade flows EU-28 trade with European Neighbourhood policy (ENP) partner countries (million EUR) Share of EU-28 in ENP trade (%) Share of mineral fuels and lubricants (SITC 3) in trade, EU-28 (%) Main trading partner based on the combined value of imports and exports EU-28 trade with the world, EU-28 trade with eastern ENP partners, EU-28 trade with southern ENP partners, Participation of ENP countries in FP7 ( ) Schengen visas issued by the EU Member States in the partner countries in 2013* University cooperation and mobility of students and researchers European Integration Index for Eastern Partnership countries, Open Societies Foundations / Renaissance Foundation* Section IV: The European Neighbourhood Instrument The European Neighbourhood Instrument Supporting cooperation with Mediterranean countries Supporting cooperation with Eastern Partnership countries Measures open to all Neighbourhood countries (ENI-wide) Cross-border cooperation in the Neighbourhood region Overview of commitments and payments

4 Section I: Democracy, Good Governance and Human Rights 1. State of ratification/signature of selected human rights conventions * OP: Optional Protocol * Date of signature in bold; date of ratification in standard. Also in bold, where an instrument has been neither signed nor ratified ( NO ). * R: text adopted with reservations State of ratification/ signature of major HR conventions * ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights OP1* OP2 ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights OP CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women OP CAT Convention against Torture OP Right to Individual Complaint (Art.22) CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child OP AC OP SC 12/09/ /09/ /05/1996 R 12/09/ /04/1993 ALGERIA OP1 12/09/1989 OP NO OP NO OP NO OP2 NO Art /09/1989 OP-AC 06/05/2009 OP-SC 27/12/ /06/ /09/ /09/ /09/ /06/1993 ARMENIA OP1 23/06/1993 OP 29/09/2009 OP 14/09/2006 OP 14/09/2006 OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 30/09/2005 OP-SC 30/06/ /08/ /08/ /07/ /08/ /08/1992 AZERBAIJAN OP1 27/11/2001 OP-25/09/2009 OP 01/06/2001 OP 28/01/2009 OP2 22/01/1999 Art. 22 4/02/2002 OP-AC 03/07/2002 OP-SC 03/07/ /11/ /11/ /02/ /03/ /10/1990 BELARUS OP1 30/09/1992 OP NO OP 03/02/2004 OP NO OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 25/01/2006 OP-SC 23/01/ /01/ /01/ /09/1981 R 25/06/ /07/1990 R EGYPT OP1 NO OP NO OP NO OP NO OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 06/02/2007 OP-SC 12/07/2002 4

5 * OP: Optional Protocol * Date of signature in bold; date of ratification in standard. Also in bold, where an instrument has been neither signed nor ratified ( NO ). * R: text adopted with reservations 01/05/1994 3/05/ /10/ /10/ /06/1994 GEORGIA OP1 03/05/1994 OP NO OP 01/08/2002 OP 09/08/2005 OP2 22/03/1999 Art /06/2005 OP-AC 03/08/2010 OP-SC 28/06/ /10/ /10/ /10/1991 R 03/10/1991 R 03/10/1991 ISRAEL OP1 NO OP NO OP NO OP NO OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 18/07/2005 OP-SC 23/07/ /05/ /05/ /07/1992 R 13/11/ /05/1991 R JORDAN OP1 NO OP NO OP NO OP NO OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 23/05/2007 OP-SC 04/12/2006 3/11/ /11/ /04/1997 R 05/10/ /05/1991 LEBANON OP1 NO OP NO OP NO OP 22/12//2008 OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 11/02/2002 OP-SC 08/11/ /05/ /05/ /05/1989 R 16/05/ /04/1993 LIBYA OP1 16/05/1989 OP NO OP 18/06/2004 OP NO OP-AC 29/10/2004 OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-SC 18/06/ /05/ /05/ /06/1993 R 21/06/1993 R 21/06/1993 R MOROCCO OP1 NO OP NO OP NO OP 24/11/2014 OP2 NO Art /10/2006 OP-AC 22/05/2002 OP-SC 02/10/ /01/ /01/ /07/ /11/ /01/1993 MOLDOVA OP1 23/01/2008 OP NO OP 28/02/2006 OP 24/07/2006 OP2 20/09/2006 Art /09/2011 * OP: Optional Protocol OP-AC 7/04/2004 OP-SC 12/04/2007 5

6 * Date of signature in bold; date of ratification in standard. Also in bold, where an instrument has been neither signed nor ratified ( NO ). * R: text adopted with reservations 21/04/ /04/ /03/ /08/ /07/1993 SYRIA OP1 NO OP NO OP NO OP NO OP2 NO Art. 22 NO OP-AC 17/10/2003 OP-SC 15/05/ /03/ /03/ /09/1985 R 23/09/1988 R 30/01/1992 TUNISIA OP1 29/06/11 OP NO OP 23/09/2008 OP 29/06/2011 OP2 NO Art /09/1988 OP-AC 02/01/2003 OP-SC 13/09/ /11/ /11/ /03/ /02/ /08/1991 UKRAINE OP1 25/07/1991 OP 24/09/09 OP 26/09/2003 OP 19/09/2006 OP2 25/07/2007 Art /09/2003 OP-AC 11/07/2005 OP-SC 03/07/2003 Source: Art. 22 CAT: 6

7 2. Deep Democracy Indicators 2.1 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ( ) The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries/territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country/territory s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 100, where 0 means that a country is perceived as highly corrupt and 100 means that a country is perceived as very clean. A country s rank indicates its position relative to the other countries/territories included in the index Rank (1-177) Score Rank (1-175) Score Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Syria Tunisia Ukraine Source: 2013 report: report: 1 This designation shall not be construed as recognition of a State of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the EU Member States on this issue. 7

8 2.2 Freedom House: Freedom in the World ( )* The Freedom in the World report assesses the real-world human rights and fundamental freedoms enjoyed by individuals. The 2014 Freedom House assessment is based on data from 1 January 2013, through 31 December The freedom rating is graded using a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 represents the maximum freedom. The 2014 edition covers developments in 195 countries and 14 territories Freedom rating Freedom status Freedom rating Freedom status Algeria 5.5 Not Free 5.5 Not Free Armenia 4.5 Partly Free 4.5 Partly Free Azerbaijan 5.5 Not Free 6 Not Free Belarus 6.5 Not Free 6.5 Not Free Egypt 5 Partly Free 5.5 Not Free Georgia 3 Partly Free 3 Partly Free Israel 1.5 Free 1.5 Free Jordan 5.5 Not Free 5.5 Not Free Lebanon 4.5 Partly Free 4.5 Partly Free Libya 4.5 Partly Free 4.5 Partly Free Moldova 3 Partly Free 3 Partly Free Morocco 4.5 Partly Free 4.5 Partly Free Palestine 5.5 West Bank 6 Gaza Strip Not Free 5.5 West Bank 6.5 Gaza Strip Not Free Syria 7 Not Free 7 Not Free Tunisia 3.5 Partly Free 3 Partly Free Ukraine 3.5 Partly Free 3.5 Partly Free Source: Freedom in the World 2013: #.UuIySnevmUk. Freedom in the World 2014: #.UuIyCXevmUm. *No figures available for 2014 at the time of writing. 8

9 2.3 The Economist Intelligence Unit s Democracy index (2013)* The Economist Intelligence Unit s Democracy index provides a snapshot of the state of democracy worldwide for 165 independent states and two territories this covers almost the entire population of the world and the vast majority of the world s states (microstates are excluded). The Democracy index is based on five categories: electoral process and pluralism; civil liberties; the functioning of government; political participation; and political culture. Countries are categorised as one of four types of regime: full democracies; flawed democracies; hybrid regimes; and authoritarian regimes. Rank 2013 Type of regime Algeria 118 Authoritarian Armenia 116 Hybrid Azerbaijan 140 Authoritarian Belarus 142 Authoritarian Egypt 135 Authoritarian Georgia 78 Hybrid Israel 39 Flawed Jordan 122 Authoritarian Lebanon 98 Hybrid Libya 101 Hybrid Moldova 69 Flawed Morocco 115 Hybrid Palestine 103 Hybrid Syria 158 Authoritarian Tunisia 90 Hybrid Ukraine 85 Hybrid Source: Report 2013: 2.pdf&mode=wp&campaignid=Democracy0814. *No figures available for 2014 at the time of writing. 9

10 2.4 World Press Freedom Index ( ) The World Press Freedom Index is a reflection of the attitudes and intentions of governments towards media freedom, ranking from Many criteria are considered, ranging from legislation to violence against journalists. Rank 2013 Rank 2014 Change in rating Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus = Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco = Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine Source: World Press Freedom Index 2013, World Press Freedom Index 2014, 10

11 2.5 Freedom House: Freedom on the Net 2014 Country Freedom on the Net 2014 Status Total points Subtotal: Obstacles to Access 0-25 points Subtotal: Limits on Content 0-35 points Subtotal: Violations of User Rights 0-40 points Armenia Free Azerbaijan Partly Free Belarus Not Free Egypt Partly Free Georgia Free Jordan Partly Free Lebanon Partly Free Libya Partly Free Morocco Partly Free Syria Not Free Tunisia Partly Free Ukraine Partly Free Source: Freedom House, 2014 Global Scores, 11

12 3. Other human rights indicators 3.1 Death penalty (as of 30 June 2014) Is death penalty applied? Death penalty UN resolution on a moratorium on the use of the death penalty (adopted on 20 December 2012) Algeria De facto moratorium since 1993 In favour Armenia Abolished by Constitution In favour Azerbaijan Abolished by Constitution In favour Belarus Applied Abstained Egypt Applied Against Georgia Abolished by Constitution In favour Israel Abolished for ordinary crimes by Constitution In favour Jordan Applied (1) Abstained Lebanon Applied Abstained Libya De facto moratorium since 2011 Against Moldova Abolished by Constitution In favour Morocco De facto moratorium since 1993 Abstained Palestine De facto moratorium in West Bank since 2005 Applied in Gaza Strip UN non-member state Syria Applied Against Tunisia De facto moratorium since 1991 In favour Ukraine Abolished by Constitution In favour Source: (1) In December, Jordan executed 11 individuals and hence cancelled its 8-year de facto moratorium on the death penalty. 12

13 3.2 LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) rights (2013) Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine Is homosexuality legal or illegal? Illegal Legal Legal Legal Illegal for male to male relationships / Unclear for female to female relationships Legal Legal Legal Illegal Illegal Legal Illegal Illegal for male to male relationships / Legal for female to female relationships Illegal Illegal Legal Source: 13

14 3.3 Ratification of core labour standards (2013) Core labour standards are fundamental principles that protect basic human rights in the workforce. As stated in the International Labour Organisation s 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, core labour standards aim to: eliminate all forms of forced or compulsory labour; effectively abolish child labour; eliminate discrimination in respect of employment and occupation; and ensure the freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining. Elimination of forced and compulsory labour Abolition of child labour Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation Freedom of association and collective bargaining Convention C29 C105 C138 C182 C100 C111 C87 C98 Algeria X X X X X X X X Armenia X X X X X X X X Azerbaijan X X X X X X X X Belarus X X X X X X X X Egypt X X X X X X X X Georgia X X X X X X X X Israel X X X X X X X X Jordan X X X X X X Not ratified X Lebanon X X X X X X X X Libya X X X X X X X X Moldova X X X X X X X X Morocco X X X X X X Not ratified Palestine Syria X X X X X X X X Tunisia X X X X X X X X Ukraine X X X X X X X X X Source: ILOLEX, 14

15 3.4 Gender Inequality Index (2013) The Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects women s disadvantages in three dimensions: reproductive health; empowerment; and the labour market. The index shows the loss in human development due to inequality between female and male achievements in these dimensions. It ranges from 0, which indicates that women and men fare equally, to 1, which indicates that women fare as poorly as possible in all measured dimensions. Ranking (1-187) GII Human development category Algeria High Armenia High Azerbaijan High Belarus High Egypt Medium Georgia High Israel Very high Jordan High Lebanon High Libya High Moldova Medium Morocco Medium Palestine N/A N/A Medium Syria Medium Tunisia High Ukraine High Source: UNDP, 15

16 3.5 Global Gender Gap Index Rankings The Global Gender Gap Report, first published by the World Economic Forum in 2006, provides a framework for capturing the magnitude and scope of gender-based disparities around the world. The index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, political, education and health criteria and provides country rankings that allow for effective comparison across regions and income groups and over time. The Global Gender Gap Report 2014 benchmarks national gender gaps of 136 countries. Rank 2010 Rank 2011 Rank 2012 Rank 2013 Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus N/A N/A N/A N/A 32 Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Moldova Morocco Palestine N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Syria Tunisia N/A N/A N/A N/A 123 Ukraine Rank 2014 Source: Gender Gap Report 2012, Gender Gap Report 2013, Gender Gap Report 2014, 16

17 4. Other indicators 4.1 UNDP Human Development Index (2013) The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure for assessing long-term progress in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life; access to knowledge; and a decent standard of living. It ranges from 0 to 1, with the higher-scoring countries being developed and the lower ones being developing or undeveloped. Ranking (1-187) HDI Human development category Algeria High Armenia High Azerbaijan High Belarus High Egypt Medium Georgia High Israel Very high Jordan High Lebanon High Libya High Moldova Medium Morocco Medium Palestine 107 N/A Medium Syria Medium Tunisia High Ukraine High Source: UNDP, Human Development Report 2014: 17

18 4.2 Global Peace Index Ranking ( ) The Global Peace Index comprises more than 20 indicators of the existence or absence of violence or the fear of violence (focusing on ongoing domestic and international conflict, safety and security in society, militarisation). The indicators were originally selected in 2007 with the assistance of an international panel of independent experts and have been reviewed by the expert panel on an annual basis Rank (1-158) Score Rank (1-162) Score Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine N/A N/A N/A N/A Syria Tunisia Ukraine Source: 2013 report: report: 18

19 4.3 Ranking of Happiness ( )* The World Happiness Report assembles the available international happiness data. The data indicates how people rate both their emotions and their lives as a whole, and so aims to measure subjective well-being. The ranking is based on each country s average answers to Gallup World Poll question WP16, where respondents are asked to evaluate the current state of their lives, using the image of a ladder, with the best possible life for them as a 10 and the worst possible life as a zero Rank (1-156) Algeria 73 (5.422) Armenia 128 (4.316) Azerbaijan 116 (4.604) Belarus 66 (5.504) Egypt 130 (4.273) Georgia 134 (4.187) Israel 11 (7.301) Jordan 74 (5.414) Lebanon 97 (4.931) Libya 78 (5.340) Moldova 53 (5.791) Morocco 99 (4.885) Palestine 113 (4.700) Syria 148 (3.892) Tunisia 104 (4.826) Ukraine 87 (5.057) Source: World Happiness Report 2013: *No data available for 2014 at the time of writing. 19

20 4.4 World Bank s Doing Business 2014 Ranking Economies are ranked on their ease of doing business, from (2013). A high ranking on the ease of doing business index means the regulatory environment is more conducive to the starting up and operation of a local firm. This index averages the country s percentile rankings on 10 topics, made up of a variety of indicators, giving equal weight to each topic. The 2014 rankings for all economies are benchmarked to June Rank 2013 (2014) Rank 2014 (2015) Change in rating Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine Source: 20

21 4.5 Global Competitiveness Index ( ) The Global Competitiveness Report assesses the competitiveness landscape of 144 economies, providing insight into the drivers of their productivity and prosperity. Rank Rank Change in rating Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus N/A N/A N/A Egypt Georgia Israel = Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine N/A N/A N/A Syria N/A N/A N/A Tunisia Ukraine Source: Global Competitiveness Index , Global Competitiveness Index , 21

22 Section II: Macroeconomic indicators 1. Real GDP growth rate (%) Algeria f Armenia f Azerbaijan p p 2.8f Belarus f Egypt (1) : f Georgia f Israel (2) f Jordan f Lebanon f Libya (3) : -19.7f Moldova f Morocco p f Palestine (4) f Syria : : : : : : Tunisia 3.1s p 2.4e Ukraine (5) f Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries; figures in italics are European Commission services forecasts. Notes: (1) : based on constant price data with 2007 as reference year; 2013: based on constant price data with 2012 as reference year. (2) Based on 2008 SNA. (3) Based on constant price data with 2003 as reference year. (4) Calculated from a time series expressed in US dollars. Constant prices with 2004 as reference year. (5) Based on ESA : = not available / e=estimate / f=forecast / p=provisional / s = calculated or estimated by Eurostat. 22

23 2. GDP per capita (EUR) Algeria f Armenia (1) f Azerbaijan p p 6 510f Belarus f Egypt f Georgia f Israel (2) f Jordan f Lebanon : : : : : 7 917f Libya : 6 617f Moldova f Morocco f Palestine f Syria : : : : : : Tunisia p 3 277e Ukraine (3) f Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries; figures in italics are European Commission services forecasts. Notes: (1) : calculated on the basis of 2011 population census results. (2) Based on 2008 SNA. (3) Based on ESA : = not available / f = forecast / p = provisional. 23

24 3. Demographic indicators (1) Population (thousands) Population under 15 (% of total population) Population aged 65 or over (% of total population) Population, annual average growth rate (%) to 2014 Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan (2) 8033e 9356e 31.7e 22.3e 5.2e 5.8e 1.2 Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel (3) Jordan (3) e e e 2.5 Lebanon (4) 3755e Libya : : : : : : : Moldova Morocco (5) 28275e e e Palestine (5) Syria : : : : : : : Tunisia (5) 9619s Ukraine Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries. Notes: (1) Algeria, Azerbaijan, and Israel: 2013 instead of Tunisia: 2001 instead of Lebanon: 2004 instead of 2000 and 2012 instead of Proportion of population under 15 or 65 and over: Morocco, 2004 instead of 2000; Palestine, 2007 instead of (2) 2000: data were compiled based on population census data for (3) Population at the end of the year. (4) Population estimate. Excludes Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. Based on survey data rather than registered on 1 January. (5) Mid-year population. : = not available / e = estimate / s = calculated or estimated by Eurostat. 24

25 4. Inflation rate, average (%) Algeria (1) Armenia f Azerbaijan f Belarus f Egypt f Georgia f Israel (1) f Jordan f Lebanon f Libya : : : : : 4.8f Moldova f Morocco f Palestine f Syria : : : : : : Tunisia Ukraine f Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries; figures in italics are European Commission services forecasts. Notes: (1) Index value at the end of the year. : = not available / f = forecast. 25

26 5. Unemployment rate (% of labour force) Unemployment rate (persons aged 15-64) Unemployment rate, Male (15-64 years) Female (15-64 years) Youth (15-24 years) Algeria (1) Armenia (2) f Azerbaijan (3) f Belarus (4) f : Egypt f Georgia (5) f Israel (6) b f Jordan f Lebanon (7) 6.4 : : 10.0 : : Libya : : : : : : : : : Moldova (3) f Morocco f Palestine f Syria : : : : : : : : : Tunisia f Ukraine (8) f Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries; figures in italics are European Commission services services forecasts. Notes: (1) An unemployed person is someone of working age (16-59), without employment at the moment of the statistical survey, looking for work and available to work within two weeks. Young unemployed persons are aged Data for 2014 refer to April. (2) Except for the youth unemployment rate, data are related to persons aged (3) Except for the youth unemployment rate, data are related to persons aged

27 (4) Registered unemployment, annual average. Except for the youth unemployment rate, data are related to persons aged (5) Except for the youth unemployment rate, data are related to persons aged 15 and more. (6) As of 2012, the data refer to the entire labour force (including those who are in compulsory or permanent military service); see explanation in the introduction: (7) Male, female and youth unemployment rates: (8) Except for the youth unemployment rate, data are related to persons aged : = not available / b = break in series / f = forecast. 27

28 6. Employment rate (% of persons aged 15-64) Employment rate Employment rate, male female Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus (1) Egypt Georgia Israel (2) b Jordan : : : : Lebanon (3) 47.6 : : 49.2 : Libya : : : : : : : Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria : : : : : : : Tunisia Ukraine Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries. Notes: (1) Proportion of employed persons of all ages in the total population of working age (men aged 16-59, women aged 16-54). (2) As of 2012, the data refer to the entire labour force (including those who are in compulsory or permanent military service); see explanation in the introduction: (3) Male and female employment rates: : = not available / b = break in series. 28

29 7. Government debt and deficit / surplus (%) General government debt relative to GDP General government deficit / surplus relative to GDP Algeria (1) : : : : Armenia Azerbaijan 7.3p p Belarus (2) Egypt : : : : : : : Georgia p Israel (3) Jordan : : Lebanon : : : : : : : Libya : : : : : : : : Moldova p p Morocco p -2.5 : : Palestine : : : : : : : : Syria : : : : : : : : Tunisia p p Ukraine (4) : : : Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries. Notes: (1) Central administration. (2) General government deficit/surplus calculated as a percentage ratio of deficit/surplus of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Belarus to GDP. (3) Based on 2008 SNA. (4) General government debt: public and publicly guaranteed debt relative to GDP (%). : = not available / p = provisional. 29

30 8. Current account balance and trade balance (%) Current account balance relative to GDP Trade balance relative to GDP Algeria : : : : : Armenia Azerbaijan (1) p Belarus (2) Egypt Georgia Israel (3) Jordan : Lebanon : Libya : : : : : : Moldova Morocco : : : Palestine Syria : : : : : : : : : : Tunisia p p Ukraine (4) Source: Eurostat, based on data supplied by the national statistical authorities of the ENP countries. Notes: (1) Current account balance, 2013: compiled according to the IMF s Balance of Payments manual 6 th edition. (2) Current account balance: compiled according to the IMF s Balance of Payments manual 6 th edition. (3) Based on 2008 SNA. (4) Based on ESA : = not available / p = provisional. 30

31 Section III: The EU and the Partners 1. Main agreements in force with partners Main Agreements Association Agreements Partnership and Cooperation Agreements Action Plans or Association Agendas Algeria Under negotiation Armenia Scoping exercise for a new legally binding agreement started in November 2014 (to replace the PCA and after the non- signature of the Association Agreement) Adoption date: 2006 Azerbaijan Negotiations began in 2010 and remain stalled Adoption date: 2006 Expiry date: no date Egypt Adoption date: 2007 Expiry date: (extended until ) Georgia 2014: Pending the ratification by all EU Member States, relevant provisions of the Agreement are provisionally applied as of 1 September Adoption date: 2014 Expiry date: 2017 Israel Jordan Lebanon Adoption date: 2005 Expiry date: 2008 (extended informally until ) Adoption date: 2011 Expiry date: 5 years Adoption date: 2014 Expiry date: Libya Negotiations of the EU-Libya Framework Agreement (equivalent to an Association Agreement) were suspended in February Moldova 2014: Pending the ratification by all EU Member States, relevant provisions of the Agreement are provisionally applied as of 1 September Adoption date: 2014 Expiry date:

32 Morocco Adoption date: 2013 Expiry date: 2017 Palestine 1997: Interim Association Agreement (IAA) on trade and cooperation (negotiations for a new full Association Agreement are foreseen by the 2013 Action Plan); 2005: Agreement on reciprocal liberalisation measures and the replacement of Protocols 1 and 2 to the IAA; 2012: Agreement providing further liberalisation of agricultural products, processed agricultural products and fish and fishery products and amending the IAA on trade and cooperation. - Adoption date: 2013 Expiry date: in 3 5 years Syria Tunisia Action Plans adopted in 2005 and (expected) 2015 for the Privileged partnership. Expiry date: 5 years Ukraine 2014: Pending the ratification by all EU Member States, relevant provisions of the Agreement are provisionally applied as of 1 November 2014 and the DCFTA as of 1 January Adoption date: 2009 Latest update: 2013 New version under update. Expiry date: n/a Source: European External Action Service For a detailed list of the agreements between the EU and its partners on sectoral policies, consult the agreements database of the European Council: 32

33 2. Trade flows 2.1. EU-28 trade with European Neighbourhood policy (ENP) partner countries (million EUR) EU imports EU exports EU imports EU exports EU imports EU exports EU imports EU exports Trade balance Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine EU trade with ENP countries Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE) Based on data reported by EU-28 Member States. EU Trade balance = EU-28 exports minus EU-28 imports. 33

34 2.2. Share of EU-28 in ENP trade (%) EU-28 share of ENP partner country s total imports Jan-July EU-28 share of ENP partner country s total exports Jan-July Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan (1) Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine (2) : : Syria Tunisia (1) Ukraine Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE) Notes: (1) Comtrade : = not available 34

35 2.3. Share of mineral fuels and lubricants (SITC 3) in trade, EU-28 (%) Exports Imports Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE) 35

36 2.4. Main trading partner based on the combined value of imports and exports Jan-Jul Algeria EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Armenia EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Azerbaijan EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Belarus (*) Russia (2) Russia (2) Russia (2) Russia (2) Egypt EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Georgia EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Israel EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Jordan (*) Saudi Arabia (2) Saudi Arabia (2) EU-28 Saudi Arabia (2) Lebanon (*) EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Brazil (2) Libya EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Moldova EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Morocco EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Palestine (*) Israel (2) Israel (2) Israel (2) Israel (2) Syria (*) EU-28 Iraq (4) Iraq (7) Iraq (8) Tunisia EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 EU-28 Ukraine (*) Russia (2) Russia (2) EU-28 EU-28 Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE) Note: (*) EU28 ranking in main trading partners 36

37 2.5. EU-28 trade with the world, Eastern ENP countries Southern ENP countries China US Russia Rest of the world Trade weight (EUR million) (1) % of total EU trade Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE) Note: (1) Trade weight is the sum of imports and exports. 37

38 2.6. EU-28 trade with eastern ENP partners, Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Moldova Ukraine Trade weight ( million EUR) (1) Share of EU-28 trade with eastern ENP countries (%) Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE). Note: (1) Trade weight is the sum of imports and exports. 38

39 2.7. EU-28 trade with southern ENP partners, Algeria Egypt Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Trade weight (million EUR) (1) Share of EU-28 trade with southern ENP countries (%) Source: European Commission Services (DG TRADE) Note: (1) Trade weight is the sum of imports and exports 39

40 3. Participation of ENP countries in FP7 ( ) FP7 is the EU s Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development. This was the EU s main instrument for funding research in Europe for the period from 2007 to It has been succeeded by Horizon 2020, which runs from 2014 to FP7 was also designed to respond to Europe s employment needs and competitiveness, and supported research in selected priority areas the aim being to make, or keep, the EU as a world leader in those sectors. FP7 comprised four main blocks of activities forming four specific programmes, plus a fifth specific programme on nuclear research: cooperation (collaborative research); ideas (European Research Council); people (human potential, Marie Curie actions); capacities (research capacities); nuclear research and training. Some of these programmes count significant cooperation with Neighbourhood partners. The table below provides a summary of the participation of Neighbourhood countries throughout the duration of FP7. FP7 Specific Programme COOPERATION CAPACITIES Proposals Main listed Proposals Main listed Signed agreements* Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel (1) Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova (1) Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine TOTAL *Number of signed grant agreements in FP7 with participants from Neighbourhood countries by partner country (1) Israel and the Republic of Moldova were associated to the 7th Reseach Framework Programme as from 2007 and 2013 respectively. Source: European Commission 40

41 4. Schengen visas issued by the EU Member States in the partner countries in 2013* Short-stay visas (C) issued Of which multiple entry visas (MEV C) Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine NB: Citizens of all the ENP partners (except Israel) are required to hold a visa to enter the Schengen area. The data for Israel may include visas issued to Palestinians, as most Schengen consulates dealing with Palestinian applications are located in Israel. *No figures available for 2014 at the time of writing. Source: European Commission 41

42 5. University cooperation and mobility of students and researchers Participation of ENP partners in Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions Under Horizon 2020, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions (MSCA) continue to support the career development and training of researchers through international and cross-sector mobility. A total of 242 eligible applications involving organisations located in ENP countries have been submitted to the first 2014 MSCA call for proposals (i.e. Innovative Training Networks for doctoral programmes, and Research and Innovation Staff Exchange fostering international and intersectoral transfer of knowledge). 2 In addition, 26 individual researchers who are nationals of ENP countries submitted proposals for funding under the MSCA Individual Fellowships for post-doctoral researchers. 2 ENP countries are eligible to receive funding through Horizon Israel and the Republic of Moldova have been associated to Horizon 2020 and can participate on an equal footing with EU Member States. Armenia and Ukraine are negotiating their association to the Horizon 2020 framework programme. 42

43 Erasmus+: Youth in Mobility and Cooperation figures in 2014 Statistics refer to the number of participants dealt with at decentralised level by Erasmus+ Youth in Action national agencies. Youth exchanges and youth workers' training and networking European Voluntary Service Meetings between young people and decision makers in the field of youth Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Moldova (Republic of) Morocco Palestine Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia Ukraine Grand Total Source: European Commission 43

44 Student and staff Mobility under Erasmus+/ Erasmus Mundus 3 Action 1: Participation of students and staff in joint master and doctoral programmes ENP Country Action1 Joint DegreesNumber ofscholarship awarded in 2014* EM masters EM joint doc. Algeria 1 1 Armenia 5 0 Azerbaijan 1 1 Belarus 1 0 Egypt 8 5 Georgia 3 0 Israel 4 1 Jordan 2 0 Lebanon 5 1 Libya 0 Republic of Moldova 5 0 Morocco 3 0 Palestine 2 0 Syria 45 0 Tunisia 1 4 Ukraine 27 6 TOTAL Figures are relating to Erasmus Mundus. Joint Master Programmes selected under Erasmus+ in 2014 will lead to mobility of students ans staff from 2015 onwards. The Erasmus+ "Credit mobility" action will begin in 2015 (following the October 2014 call for proposals). 44

45 Action 2: Student and staff mobility in the frame of university consortia* Country Master Students Doctoral Candidates Undergraduates Post- Doctorate Staff Total Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Moldova Moroco Palestine Russia Syria Tunisia Ukraine Total *planned mobility under Erasmus Mundus Action 2 partnerships in Note that, except Syria, the last Erasmus Munuds Action 2 Call organised in 2013 did not include the ENP countries. Source: European Commission 45

46 Tempus IV: projects still running in 2014 Country Number of Tempus ongoing projects involving universities from this country Number of projects coordinated by a higher education institution from this country Armenia 29 8 Azerbaijan 22 5 Egypt 37 7 Georgia 35 5 Israel 13 6 Jordan 23 8 Lebanon 23 3 Moldova 18 0 Morocco 40 4 Palestine 14 5 Tunisia 33 0 Ukraine 60 0 *These figures can not be added as several countries can be part in one project Source: European Commission 46

47 Erasmus+/ Jean Monnet Activities supporting teaching and research on the European Union Jean Monnet Activities: projects per applicant selected in 2014 (Grant Holder) Country Algeria Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Egypt Georgia Israel Jordan Lebanon Libya Republic of Moldova Morocco Palestine Syria Tunisia Ukraine Jean Monnet Activities Total 19 47

48 6. European Integration Index for Eastern Partnership countries, Open Societies Foundations / Renaissance Foundation* European integration is assessed through three dimensions: Linkage: growing political, economic and social ties between each of the six Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries and the EU; Approximation: structures and institutions in EaP countries converging towards EU standards and in line with EU requirements; Management: evolving management structures for European integration in EaP countries. Benchmarks were defined by assigning 1 to the best and 0 to the worst possible performance. Linkage Approximation Management Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Georgia Moldova Ukraine * The index does not cover the situation in the breakaway territories of Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Southern Ossetia and Abkhazia. Source: *No figures available for 2014 at the time of writing. 48

49 Section IV: The European Neighbourhood Instrument The European Neighbourhood Instrument The European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) is the key financial instrument of the European Neighbourhood Policy. With a planned budget of 15.4 billion for the period , it provides the bulk of funding for cooperation with the ten Mediterranean countries and the six Eastern Partnership countries covered by the European Neighbourhood Policy. 5 The functioning and general objectives of the ENI are laid down in the 2014 ENI Regulation. It includes, for example, differentiation and the incentive-based approach, dedicated funding for crossborder cooperation programmes and for Erasmus+, and engagement with civil society and local authorities. Key priorities and indicative financial allocations for country, regional and other multicountry cooperation programmes are set out in greater detail in multiannual programming documents (Single Support Frameworks and Multiannual Indicative Programmes). A first set of these documents was adopted in the course of 2014 to cover the first part of the ENI period. Decisions on the concrete allocation of funds to specific actions (programmes and projects) are taken annually, in line with the programming framework and within the ceilings set by the budgetary authority. In 2014, 2.3 billion were committed under the ENI. The ENI has replaced the predecessor European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) Many programmes funded in the last years of the ENPI ( ) are currently ongoing and will continue to be implemented over the next 3-4 years. In 2014, 1.6 billion were disbursed under the ENI; this figure includes both ongoing and new programmes. Other external assistance instruments with a worldwide coverage or a thematic focus such as the Development Cooperation Instrument, the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights, and the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace may also fund activities taking place in the 16 partner countries of the European Neighbourhood Policy. 6 4 This section is compiled for information and communication purposes; it does not represent nor replace the official financial reporting of the European Commission. 5 Under the ENI, Russia no longer benefits from bilateral assistance programmes; however, it may still participate in some multi-country programmes when political conditions so allow. 6 A global overview is provided every year in the Annual Report on the European Union s development and external assistance policies and their implementation. 49