EMERGENCY OPERATION MALAWI RELIEF FOOD ASSISTANCE FOR VICTIMS OF CONSECUTIVE YEARS CROP FAILURE AND ACUTE LOSS OF ACCESS

EMERGENCY OPERATION MALAWI RELIEF FOOD ASSISTANCE FOR VICTIMS OF CONSECUTIVE YEARS CROP FAILURE AND ACUTE LOSS OF ACCESS SYNOPSIS Project Country: Malawi Project Number: 10201.0 Number of beneficiaries: 2, 085, 000 WFP food tonnage: 54,426 MT WFP food cost: US$ 14,417,658 Total cost to WFP: US$ 31,735,808 Duration: Four months (1 June to 30 September 2002) BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Present Disaster 1. Poor harvests in April 2001 followed devastating floods in January and February resulting in a production deficit of 300,000Mt (15% of consumption requirements of Malawi s). Erratic weather also affected other countries in the region, resulting in an increased demand for already scarce regional food stocks. By November 2001, there was a 5-fold increase in prices. Households quickly depleted their savings and other coping strategies due to an increased dependence on the market given a shortfall in local production and the absence of a safety net, such as the National Strategic Grain Reserve. The Reserve had been sold earlier in the year and in October 2001 the Government of Malawi sought to buy 150,000Mt to replenish the reserve. However with scarce regional stocks, as of May 2002 only 92,000Mt have been imported and sold in insufficient rations to millions of Malawians. 2. Rapid assessments, including nutritional surveys, indicated that the hunger season had started as early as November. The hunger season normally starts in February and lasts until April when the harvest occurs. Indicative of an inability to cope, surveys in March of 2002 in worst affected areas revealed malnutrition rates as high as 19%, well beyond the internationally accepted levels indicating a food crisis. 3. With an emergency operation insuring continuous distribution between March and May 2002 to approximately 300,000 persons, WFP and partners sought to mitigate the crisis on the assumption that after April sufficient harvest would alleviate the worst of the food insecurity. However, due to insufficient income obtained from the 2001 harvest and increased food prices depleting household savings, smallholders were unable to purchase either sufficient or timely quantities of seed and fertilizer to insure a harvest. Compounding the situation, erratic weather, both localized floods and extended dry spells, further decimated crops, resulting in a decrease in production of more than 25% when compared to 1999/2000. This is even worse than 2000/2001 when production was 20% less (Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Second Round Estimates). Unfortunately, widespread reports of consumption of green maize jeopardizing the already poor harvest indicate that final round estimates are to be even lower. Worrying post harvest household surveys indicate that even now up to 40% of the households in worst affected areas have no maize. 1

4. This is all in the context of a regional food crisis in southern Africa, the result of crop failures due to drought and inadequate grain reserves resulting in less than expected surpluses in the region that would normally compensate for localized deficits in any single country. In fact, as of the end of May, humanitarian agencies estimate that at least 8 million people may require emergency food assistance in Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho. 5. At present, preliminary findings from the FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment (CFSAM) in Malawi indicate that there are vulnerable populations who require emergency food assistance immediately and for whom there can be no break in distributions. Other households, cognizant of impending food scarcity are employing positive coping mechanisms such as dambo (river bed) gardening, diversifying their diets to include other foodstuffs than maize, and strengthening family and community networks. Private traders too are seeking to purchase globally to meet what they understand to be an impending increase in demand for grain. However, the assessment teams have stressed that over time as household stocks are consumed and coping mechanisms are exhausted, distributions will need to increase. 6. In fact, the regional CFSAMs taking place forecast that emergency food aid needs over time will substantially increase not only in Malawi but also in the region, peaking between December 2002 and April 2003. Based on composite findings from CFSAM taking place simultaneously in six countries in the region, a regional Emergency Operation insuring sufficient distribution not only for Malawi but also for the region will be formulated for the period July 2002 to April 2003. This Malawi EMOP will eventually be folded into the regional EMOP. Rapid Assessments 7. Previous multi-agency assessments (WFP, FEWS, EU) in November 2001 and February 2002, confirmed the early onset of the hunger season, household food stocks had been depleted, and poor households were unable to purchase necessary maize on the market. These same assessments identified the 19 worst affected districts of which 37 Extension Planning Areas (EPAs) with an average population of 85,000 were in need of some assistance. Reports in March indicated the situation worsened before getting marginally better in April with the harvest. 8. Nutritional surveys in some of these districts revealed global malnutrition rates of between 12.5 and 19.0% primarily due to lack of food stocks, lack of income and extraordinarily high prices, and therefore inability to purchase (SC/UK). Assessment of records at MCH clinics and Nutritional Rehabilitation Units indicate increased attendance/admissions of moderately and severely malnourished children of 30-45% when compared to the same time last year (UNICEF). Humanitarian agencies furthermore forecasted that due to insufficient production, some households would experience no relief in April and that a major catastrophe would occur if humanitarian efforts did not augment substantially by August of 2002. 9. According to the second round pre-harvest estimates by the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MoAI) completed March 2002, crop production figures continue to decline. First round estimates predicted a 10% decrease in production from the 1999/2000 high of 2.1 million MT only to be later revised to 1.6 million MT (a decrease of 20%) and a 5% decrease from last year s already insufficient harvest (MOAI). Final estimates are predicted to be even lower due to premature harvest for green maize consumption. 2

10. Poor harvests are due to: Late onset of rains with dry spells during the maize tasselling period in the west while floods further reduced harvests in the east and south; Lack of seed and fertilizer due to decreased income from previous harvest incommensurate with high prices as well as the reduction in distribution of the Targeted Input Programme (TIP); Insufficient care of gardens due to significant out-migration of able bodied labour in search of food and wage-labour and/or inability to work due to increased sickness and malnutrition due to lack of food; Extensive consumption of green maize given the exhaustion of other coping mechanisms. 11. Very preliminary forecasts based on food availability or food balance sheet analysis (independent of people s purchasing power or access), estimate that the most vulnerable population in need of immediate food assistance number about 2.08 million people to be assisted under this EMOP. It is further estimated that this number will increase during the coming months to roughly 3.08 million people who will be dependent on food assistance at least up until April 2003. This increased caseload will be assisted under the Southern Africa regional EMOP currently under preparation. 12. Regardless of production, however, many populations in Malawi are dependent on the market for food purchase. Household economy surveys indicate that the poor only produce enough food to feed themselves 3-5 months in a year. In the worst affected areas such as Salima, households purchase grain for 8-10 months consumption. However, the food insecurity is acute, caused by poor production, subsequent loss of production and wage labour income and the increased dependence on the market during a period when there has been an unprecedented increase in prices. 13. Labour poor households, including women, the elderly (largely grandmothers) and even adolescent households are particularly disadvantaged. The HIV/AIDS epidemic (16% prevalence) has increased the number of these households as well as exacerbated their poverty. Due to the present crisis, women who previously tended fields while men went in search of wage labour, now must instead leave their families in the care of relatives, thereby running the risk of inadequate care for their children. 14. Other vulnerable groups, including smallholders dependent on the sale of tobacco for income, are affected by the decreased local prices of tobacco in combination with increased prices of maize. This has resulted in unfavorable terms of trade, decreasing their access to food. Also, tenants working on tobacco producing estates are vulnerable as the estate owners who would normally provide cash or in-kind payment to them for labour are unable to meet their commitments. Previous WFP Assistance 15. From November 2001 to January 2002 EMOP 10056: Assistance to Flood Victims assisted 103,174 beneficiaries with 11,330 MT food. Upon the findings and recommendations of a second WFP, FEWS, EU Rapid Assessment in February, an Immediate Response Emergency Operation was implemented providing food to an additional 50,000 beneficiaries (700 MT), while a three month EMOP was prepared. In March 2002, EMOP 10153.0 Assistance to Households with Severe Food Shortage was approved to distribute 11,375 MT cereals and supplementary food to 301,000 beneficiaries between March and May 2002. 3

16. In the meantime, an additional 11,948 MT was distributed between September 2001 and April 2002 through development activities such as Assistance to Malnourished Groups (32,721 beneficiaries), Disaster Mitigation (5,550 beneficiaries), Food for Assets (185,000) and School Feeding (46,000). 17. As the southern Africa regional EMOP (covering six countries including Malawi) is being prepared for the period July 2002 to April 2003, this Malawi EMOP 10201.0 will be implemented as a bridging EMOP for the month of June, and thereafter it will be implemented parallel with the Southern Africa regional EMOP (July 2002-April 2003) for a period of up to 3 months (through September 2002) to insure continuous distribution of food to the beneficiaries urgently in need of assistance and full utilization of donor resources already pledged to WFP and its NGO partners under EMOP 10201.From September 2002 (or even earlier should the resources already pledged for this EMOP be utilized before then) Malawi will be folded into the bigger Southern Africa regional EMOP. GOVERNMENT POLICY AND ACTIONS 18. As early as November 2001, the Government of Malawi tried to purchase 150,000 MT of grain to replenish the National Strategic Grain Reserve. However, to date only 92,000 MT has been imported and sold. 19. The GoM declared a State of Disaster on 27 February 2002, indicating that Malawi is facing a catastrophic situation with up to 78% of farm families (2.2 million people) being without food. 20. Since then, the GoM has established a National Emergency Coordination Committee, comprised of 5 task forces under the Vice President including Emergency (chaired by the Department of Disaster Prevention, Relief and Rehabilitation), Information (MoAI), Strategic Grain Reserve, Medium Term Planning (NEC) and National Food Security Policy. OBJECTIVES OF WFP ASSISTANCE Overall Objective: 21. To contribute to the short and medium term food security of Malawi s affected by acute problems of production and decreased access to food. Specific Objectives: 22. To meet 75% of the minimum food requirements of subsistence farmers and poor wage labourers whose harvest and/or income is insufficient to sustain them. 23. To maintain or improve the nutritional status of affected vulnerable populations, with a particular focus on women and children, thereby preventing/reducing excess mortality. 24. Through an in-kind transfer, to contribute to preventing the use of negative coping mechanisms, such as migration that would prohibit the farming of fields that would increase the long-term vulnerability of households. 4

25. To increase the institutional and human resources capacity of the Government and other Implementing Partners for disaster prevention and preparedness. BENEFICIARIES 1 26. Targeting of emergency food aid is both geographic and at the household level. What is presented here is a preliminary finding of the CFSAM which will be finalized by late May. Given the nature of the emergency, geographic targeting is based on production deficits, access to markets including price and income analysis, and alternative income generating opportunities that would enable a household to cope with the loss of income from any one source. 27. Similarly, most vulnerable groups are small holders with little to no production during the April 2002 harvest, labour poor households (women-, adolescent-, elderly-headed households), tenant farmers and their families who have been dismissed from tobacco estates due to the inability of estate owners to support them in the short term. 28. Initial quantitative requirements will be estimated on a district level. On a sub-district level, further geographic targeting will be done based on qualitative ratings of severely, moderately, less and unaffected areas. 29. At the community and household level, a comprehensive household targeting strategy will be developed by the national Steering Committee of the Joint Emergency Food Security Programme (JEFSP) (see Mode of Implementation). 1 The beneficiary numbers and tonnages are based on the preliminary findings from the FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Mission and will be reviewed when the full findings from the CFSAM are released, if necessary. The revised figures will be used when planning the long-term response in the form of a Regional EMOP. 5

Table 1a. Geographic Targeting based on preliminary CFSAM results Region District Population Beneficiaries PPND Northern Chitipa 148,194 3,498 2% Northern Karonga 227,433 9,394 4% Northern Nkhata Bay 190,427 0 0% Northern Rumphi 151,236 15,170 10% Northern Mzimba 727,937 98,789 14% Northern Likoma 8,646 0 0% Subtotal 1,453,871 126,850 9% Central Kasungu 582,604 96,253 17% Central Nkhota kota 275,982 60,252 22% Central Ntchisi 199,071 36,413 18% Central Dowa 476,209 92,725 19% Central Salima 290,119 85,592 30% Central Lilongwe 1,594,011 366,810 23% Central Mchinji 378,586 51,378 14% Central Dedza 550,372 123,403 22% Central Ntcheu 402,475 83,117 21% Subtotal 4,749,429 995,943 21% Southern Mangochi 698,246 160,679 23% Southern Machinga 423,576 69,980 17% Southern Zomba 627,535 122,190 19% Southern Chiradzulu 262,496 20,135 8% Southern Blantyre 958,210 186,578 19% Southern Mwanza 154,531 25,531 17% Southern Thyolo 502,948 47,482 9% Southern Mulanje 463,601 82,064 18% Southern Phalombe 254,487 39,041 15% Southern Chikwawa 398,136 49,333 12% Southern Nsanje 206,201 35,284 17% Southern Balaka 286,732 38,913 14% Subtotal 5,236,699 877,208 17% Vulnerable Group Feeding 85,000 Total 11,440,000 2,085,000 18% 6

Table 1b. Percent of Beneficiaries by Age and Gender Beneficiary Group Number Boys below 5 years of age 178,500 Boys 5 to 15 years of age 288,000 Men 532,000 Total Male 998,500 Girls below 5 years of age 180,500 Girls 5 to 15 years of age 294,000 Women 612,000 Total Female 1,086,500 Total number of beneficiaries 2,085,000 FOOD AID STRATEGY 30..At the start up of this EMOP in June 2002, approximately 500,000 individuals (5% of the population) will receive food to meet 75% of their minimum consumption requirements. As household stocks decline, the number could increase over time reaching a peak in September of over 2,000,000 beneficiaries (18% of the rural population). In addition to this number, 85,000 moderately and severely malnourished mothers and children will be supported through supplementary and therapeutic feeding programmes. 31. A national Joint Emergency Food Security Programme (JEFSP) with a Steering Committee comprised of GoM, WFP, CARE as representative of the NGO Consortium, District Coordinating NGOs and Implementing Partners (also of the NGO Consortium) and donors will coordinate emergency needs assessments and findings and ongoing food security monitoring, using this information to decide monthly priorities and allocations. In addition, regular meetings to collate information on logistics/pipeline, procurement, etc. will be held to inform decisions made by the Steering Committee. The JEFSP will also be responsible for the development of guidelines on targeting consistent with WFP policy, nutrition programmes including rations, monitoring and reporting, warehouse management and commodity-handling building on WFP s global Warehouse Management Training. 32. The FAO/WFP CFSAM and WFP/NGO Vulnerability Assessments in May, will provide an initial geographic targeting, percent of population in need of food assistance per district, and a qualitative categorization of severely, moderately and less affected districts. This baseline will be continuously updated with information collated by specific geographic/livelihood food security monitoring groups who will report on a bi-weekly basis to the JEFSP. 33. During the four month period, District Coordination NGOs (DC-NGOs) at the district level will be establishing a capacity to coordinate all food aid related interventions including developing relationships with Implementing Partners (IP) working in that district. In the short-term, WFP will maintain and expand relationships with IP s including District Assemblies while insuring in the LoU that all activities are coordinated by the DC-NGO. Eventually, as DC-NGO capacity is established, it is envisaged that a single LoU with the DC-NGO will be sufficient and that IPs will subcontract with the DC-NGO. 7

34. Similar to the Steering Committee at national level, once capacity is established the district Steering Committee will be chaired by local government and the DC-NGO and with the participation of district specific Implementing Partners and WFP Food Aid Monitors. The DC-NGO is responsible for coordinating distributions, insuring guidelines are adhered to, training in monitoring and reporting and insuring distribution and food security monitoring reports are sent to national level for decision making. The DC-NGOs are tentatively CARE, SC/UK, SC/US, Africare, Goal, Emmanuel International, CRS, Malawi Red Cross, and World Vision. 35. Once geographical priorities and percent of population in need are established, beneficiary lists for general distribution will be drawn up by community based committees initially led by staff from the District Assembly with participation of traditional local leaders (chiefs and others) and members of women s associations. However, as the capacity of DC-NGOs and IPs increases the development of distribution lists will be facilitated, vetted and monitored by them. 36. WFP will make every effort to ensure that the gender policy guideline, i.e. 80% of food aid resources to be distributed to women is met. In the LoU with DC-NGOs where appropriate, the following will be specified: providing clear guidelines to WFP partners on WFP s commitments to women; informing beneficiaries, especially women, of their food entitlements; including women in the food management committees (60%); encouraging women to collect the family food entitlement where applicable; supporting women s associations at the regional and local levels. The WFP Country Office will further ensure that women are equally represented as WFP food aid monitors (presently 70%); 37. Other than the general distribution to be coordinated as stated above, WFP will augment its support to Maternal and Child Health Clinics (MCH) and Nutritional Rehabilitation Units (NRU), building on the ongoing Country Programme Activity Assistance to Malnourished Groups (AMG). Geographic targeting similar to that used in the general ration, in addition to institutional targeting, will ensure that those individuals with measurable malnutrition will not only receive a general ration but supplementary and/or intensive therapeutic support. WFP is working closely with the Nutrition Task Force, recently formed in the MoH, with the participation of UNICEF and other NGOs (Concern, Africare, Goal, SC/UK) that have qualified staff nutritionists. A Nutrition Strategy is presently being formulated by UNICEF in coordination with WFP and includes the standardisation of rations, regimes and screening criteria for participants (see Nutrition Considerations). WFP will continue to advocate for complementary nonfood resources on behalf of partners to improve health services provided to women and children. 38. To better respond to the emerging situation, the CO with the JEFSP Steering Committee, will continue preparing contingency plans for a variety of possible scenarios. These include, for example, a best- mid- and worst- case scenario for the 2002/3 agricultural season with careful consideration of the potential impact of an El Nino phenomenon as well as flooding, a common occurrence during the wet season. 39. With regard to the UN Strategy, under the auspices of the UN Country Team, UN Agencies are currently developing a joint programme for relief and recovery in Malawi in the Consolidated Appeal Process to be formulated in early June. The FAO/WFP CFSAM and this document and intervention will be major inputs into this process. The WFP 8

intervention will be carried out in close collaboration with the UN Country Team, and all efforts will be made to ensure that WFP assistance is complementary to that being provided by other agencies. 40. UNICEF and WFP will work together in accordance with the global MoU. Specifically, WFP and UNICEF are planning on complementary interventions which include the provision of technical assistance to MoH by UNICEF in the areas of nutrition information management, surveillance, and feeding programme protocols. MoH is WFP s primary implementing partner for supplementary and therapeutic feeding. Furthermore, WFP and UNICEF will coordinate the provision of supplementary and therapeutic foods using WFP geographic targeting criteria and UNICEF institutional targeting criteria. MODE OF IMPLEMENTATION 41. Malawi is a long, narrow country situated in the southern part of the East-African Rift Valley. Lakes take up a third of the area; the largest, Lake Malawi is the third largest in Africa and forms most of the country s eastern frontier. Malawi is a landlocked country, with Mozambique to the south, Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and Lake Malawi in the east (Tanzania and Mozambique). 42. WFP has had a presence in Malawi since the 1960 s, but recently has maintained only a small country office. The Country Programme, 15,600Mt/year, will continue to be implemented and where appropriate, joint projects will be encouraged where activities are complementary. However, given the anticipated magnitude of the crisis in the next year, this operation will require a significant increase to the present WFP infrastructure including reinforcing the country office and the sub-office in Blantyre and the setting up of three new sub-offices. The new sub-offices will be located in Mzuzu in the north, Lilongwe in the center and another sub-office in the south. Blantyre is one of the main logistical and commercial centres in Malawi and WFP presence there is critical to the whole operation. 43. The EMOP will run for up to 4 months starting from June 2002 with a continuous increase in food distribution as the EMOP develops. This EMOP will also be the entry point into the bigger Southern Africa regional EMOP and the new sub-offices and the nucleus of WFP staff set in place and NGO partners trained under this EMOP, will help facilitate an effective start up and continuation of the assistance in Malawi during the most critical time of the Southern Africa intervention. Logistics Arrangements 44. As discussed above, other countries in the southern Africa region are simultaneously experiencing a food emergency. This will have a tremendous impact on the regional logistics capacity. As a result, the co-ordination of the movement of food aid will have to be centrally monitored and controlled. For that purpose the plan for the port of entry of all WFP commodities will be controlled and co-ordinated by a regional logistics cell in South Africa. There, the overland leg of transport into Malawi will be implemented in close consultation with the WFP Malawi Head of Logistics. This process will minimize bottlenecks at the ports and permit the most expeditious use of the transport capacity within the region. 45. The WFP logistics chain will start with the movement of food overland into Malawi from three main ports--beira, Nacala and Dar es Salaam--or from regional purchases in 9

Tanzania and Kenya. In view of the limitations on the transport route from Nacala to Malawi, Beira will be used as the primary discharge port. 46. WFP will increase the number of EDPs presently in use to twelve throughout the country. This will minimize secondary transport costs by putting the food as close as possible to the project distribution areas. The process will include the transport, storage and handling of all commodities to the EDPs and include the management of the warehouses. WFP s prime responsibility will be the delivery of food to the 12 EDPs at district level, while the designated NGO s will be responsible for the secondary transportation to distribution points and the actual distribution to the households. Where some NGOs do not have the capacity for transport to the distribution points, WFP will assist them. 47. Temporary storage facilities will be needed in the outlying areas where insufficient warehouse capacity exists. These warehouses will be used to pre-position stocks in anticipation of the rainy season. During that period large movements of commodities will be severely hampered, making pre-positioning necessary to ensure timely delivery for distribution. 48. Transportation into Malawi has been complicated by the limited routes and flooding during the rainy season, making transport costs high. There are further difficulties in the rural areas because of poor road conditions and limited commercial transport capacity, also impacting on costs. The secondary transport capacity available in Malawi is insufficient for large food aid movements. Maximum use of international long haul trucks from the ports through to the EDPs is imperative. This will then reduce the internal movement of commodities and the stress on the secondary transport capacity. 49. Communications are difficult in Malawi except in the major centres of Lilongwe and Blantyre. Connectivity between Blantyre and Lilongwe is weak. In order to ensure timely passage of information and project implementation data, WFP will need to improve its communications systems using radio and other means. Improvements will be implemented over the period of the project, through the procurement of VHF and HF radio systems. Monitoring Arrangements 50. For the present EMOP, a total of 12 Food Aid Monitors (FAM) will be based in the Lilongwe Sub-office (SO) and out-posted to Salima in the centre, SO Mzuzu in the north, out-posted to Chikwawa and SO Blantyre in the south. These FAMs, as well as staff members from Country Office and Sub-Office in Blantyre, will work very closely with District Assemblies, District Coordinating NGOs and Implementing Partners. In addition to regular monitoring visits, the monitors will participate in monthly district level Steering Committees which coordinate food aid distributions, collate district level food security information and make recommendations on sub-district geographic targeting which is then reported to the national Steering Committee (Table 2). Table 2. Monitoring Strategy Suboffice (No. Monitors) Districts Monitored Mzuzu (2) Chitipa, Karonga, Rumphi, Mzimba, Nkhatabay Lilongwe (4) Lilongwe, Dowa, Ntchisi, Nkhotakota, Kasungu, Mchinje, Dedza, Salima, Ntcheu Blantyre (4) Thyolo, Machinga, Blantyre, Zomba, Mulanje, Mangochi, Balaka, Chiradzulu, Phalombe Chikwawa (2) Chikwawa, Nsanje 10

51. The District Coordinating NGO is responsible for ensuring regular monitoring and reporting of distributions by Implementing Partners. All data collected pertaining to distribution will be standardized to WFP requirements including the number of beneficiaries disaggregated by age and sex. WFP food monitors will facilitate the collection of and cross checking of the data to ensure its timely provision to WFP in Lilongwe. NON-FOOD INPUTS 52. As mentioned earlier, an initial and complete WFP operational infrastructure to support the emergency project needs to be set up with many of the associated costs having been incorporated into the DSC budget for this operation. The DSC budget reflects a prudent and phased in approach to the maintenance of an operational Country Office, and establishing three sub-offices and the related infrastructure. Heavy reliance on the DC-NGO/IPs for food distribution has also been reflected in the budget (ODOC). 53. There is a significant requirement to build the capacity of the NGO consortium and individual NGOs that will be critical to the WFP operation. In many instances the procurement of non-food inputs such as computers, light vehicles and motorcycles will be necessary to ensure food is distributed properly and efficiently. 54. WFP relief food assistance will be supplemented by the provision of relief and other nonfood items from WFP DC-NGO/IPs, the GoM and other UN agencies such as FAO and UNICEF. PERFORMANCE MONITORING 55. While the focus to date has been on monitoring food movements and distributions, under the new EMOP, much greater attention will be paid to an on-going assessment of the food security situation, developing a system for identifying emerging crises and improving emergency preparedness. In this regard, using the technical expertise of the JEFSP, District Coordinating NGOs and Implementing Partners will do baseline food security profiles. These profiles, which include basic background statistics, will also provide information on food security such as a change in incidence of various negative coping mechanisms mentioned below, as well as information on the progress of the agricultural season, and projections of various scenarios. 56. The key indicators for monitoring the relief situation, as detailed in Table 3, are food security, nutrition and distribution. 11

Table 3. Performance Indicators Objective To meet 75% of the minimum food requirements of subsistence farmers and poor wage labourers whose harvest and/or income is insufficient to sustain them. To maintain or improve the nutritional status of affected vulnerable populations, with a particular focus on women and children, thereby preventing/reducing excess mortality. Through an in-kind transfer, to contribute to preventing negative coping mechanisms, such as migration that would prohibit the care of fields and increase the long-term vulnerability of households. To increase the institutional and human resources capacity of the Government and other Implementing Partners to deal with the food crisis. Food Security and Food Aid Distribution Number of beneficiaries and MT distributed in a general ration Stabilized or increased number of meals consumed per day Participation of women in beneficiary selection and food aid distribution Number of women receiving food aid Number of beneficiaries and MT distributed in a supplementary and therapeutic ration Number of women/children screened, treated and released with satisfactory nutritional status Reduced incidence of migration or sale/loss of assets as reported in food security monitoring reports Number of beneficiaries and MT distributed in a general, supplementary and/or therapeutic ration Coordination structure for distribution of food aid established Number of District Coordinating NGO s with LoU with WFP Number of Implementing Partners with LoU with DC-NGOs Number of participants/training in targeting, food security monitoring, commodity handling, etc. NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND FOOD BASKET 57. WFP standards for emergency rations provide a minimum of 2100 kcal per person per day. However as there has been a recent harvest in Malawi, a full food basket will not be necessary. Therefore, a ration of roughly 75% of the kilocalorie requirement is planned with an emphasis on providing energy and protein for general distribution (cereals and pulses) and for vulnerable groups. (cereals, pulses and likuni phala)(table 4). Table 4. General Distribution Commodity Household Grams/day/individual Kcal/day monthly rations (5.5 members) Maize 50kg 303 1061 Pulses 10kg 61 204 Likuni Phala 12.5kg 76 300 Total 1565 58. The nature of support to Maternal and Child Health Clinics and Nutritional Rehabilitation Units will be consistent with the ongoing Country Programme Activity: Assistance to Malnourished Groups (AMG). The AMG activity has recently been evaluated with regard to nutritional requirements (food basket) and distribution modality. The Nutrition Task Force has referred to this evaluation and the WHO guidelines in designing standard protocols for supplementary and therapeutic feeding. 59. In Nutrition Rehabilitation Units (NRU), daily wet feeding will provide in Phase One; 12

DSM, vegetable oil and sugar and in Phase Two; a porridge of CSB, vegetable oil and sugar to the severely malnourished child (-3sd weight for height and oedema). The child will be treated for one month with appropriate complementary medical care. If the child does not respond to treatment within two months, he/she will be referred to a hospital. While the total requirement of DSM necessary for the wet ration is actually 320g/day, UNICEF has resourced enough therapeutic milk to provide complementary rations at the same clinics for six months. The number of children to be treated in NRUs is limited by capacity which is 3,000/mo at present but will grow to 6,000/mo by the end of 2002 with the technical assistance provided by UNICEF (increasing 500/mo). The number of children already supported through the WFP CP Activity AMG, 1250/mo, is subtracted. The figures below are thus on average 2,500/mo for 4 months (Table 5). In addition to the severely malnourished child, a partial ration for one caregiver and two accompanying children will be provided. 60. In Maternal and Child Health Clinics (MCH), a dry ration will be provided every two weeks to moderately malnourished children with between 2sd and 3sd weight for height, and pregnant and lactating women with less than <22.5 cm muac. Moderately malnourished children and pregnant and lactating women may remain in the programme for up to 4 months until they reach acceptable weight or are referred to a hospital. The total number of children is determined by population estimates of children 0-59 months of age, and the assumption of 60% coverage by the health system, 30% coverage by supplementary feeding programmes, 13% being moderately malnourished or 40,000. The number of children already supported through the WFP CP Activity AMG, 15,000/mo, is subtracted. The number of pregnant and lactating women is determined by population estimates, the assumption of 90% health system coverage and 13% being moderately malnourished or approximately 60,000. The number of women already supported through the WFP CP Activity AMG, 20,000/mo, is subtracted. NRU and MCH programmes are by and large geographically complementary and where not, the distribution of the general ration will be prioritized. Table 5. Supplementary and Therapeutic Feeding Ration (Grams per day) Total Beneficiaries Mmeal CSB Pulses DSM Sugar V.Oil Kcal/day NRU Children 10,000 100 160 170 200 3406 NRU Caregiver 10,000 900 75 100 4376 MCH Children 25,000 400 40 45 2078 MCH Mothers 40,000 250 300 75 2291 Total 85,000 61. If distributions are delayed for the existing EMOP 10153 and resources carried over beyond May 31, these stocks will be subtracted from the requirement; however it is hoped that all stocks will be distributed. Stocks from the CP Activity; Assistance to Malnourished Groups, have already been considered in planning the number of beneficiaries as indicated previously. 62. Therefore, given a general ration distribution for 4 months to 500,000 individuals in June and July, increasing to 1,000,000 in August and 2,000,000 in September, in addition to a supplementary ration for 85,000 mothers and children, the total tonnage requested is 36,400 MT cereals, 7,890 MT CSB, 9,313 MT pulses, 570 MT maize meal, 48 MT DSM, 81 MT sugar and 124 MT vegetable oil (Table 6). 13

Table 6. Total MT requirement for General distribution and Supplementary /14 Therapeutic Feeding Type/Period Cereal CSB Pulses M.Meal DSM Sugar V.Oil Total GD:Jun/Jul 9,100 1,800 2,300 0 0 0 0 13,200 GD:Aug 9,100 1,800 2,300 0 0 0 0 13,200 GD:Sep 18,200 3,600 4,600 0 0 0 0 26,400 SF/TF 0 690 113 570 48 81 124 1,626 36,400 7,890 9,313 570 48 81 124 54,426 (GD = General Distribution, SF/TF = Supplementary and Therapeutic Feeding) RECOMMENDATION 63. Emergency food assistance in favor on 2.085 million people, victims of a food crisis due to consecutive years crop failure and acute loss of access, is recommended for joint approval within the budget as shown in Annex B. APPROVAL. James Morris Executive Director, WFP Date:.. Jacques Diouf Director General, FAO Date:. 14

PROJECT BUDGET PLAN SUMMARY Project Type: EMOP Recipient Country: Malawi Project Number: 10201.0 Duration (months): 4.0 Start Date: 01-Jun-2002 End Date: 30-Sep-2002 Total US$ DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS (DOC) $ 27,575,692 DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS (DSC) $ 1,863,833 TOTAL WFP DIRECT COSTS $ 29,439,525 INDIRECT SUPPORT COSTS (ISC) 7.8% $ 2,296,283 TOTAL WFP COSTS $ 31,735,808 Cost Category Tonnage Value Commodity Cereals 36,400 $ 8,944,208 Likuni Phala 7,890 $ 2,761,500 Pulses 9,313 $ 2,328,250 Maize Meal 570 $ 108,300 DSE 48 $ 187,200 Sugar 81 $ 32,400 Vegetable Oil 124 $ 55,800 0 - $ - 0 - $ - 0 - $ - Total Commodities 54,426 $ 14,417,658 External Transport $ 3,089,875 ITSH $ 2,998,873 Overland $ 5,938,421 LTSH $ 8,925,864 ODOC $ 1,142,295 1/ This format should also be used for Project Budget Plan Revisions. 2/ Please adapt your planning according to the Project Document (duration of the project). 3/ This worksheet includes total amount for all years. 4/ In the case of a Regional EMOP, this includes total amounts per country for all years. Different sets of this format have to be filled in per country. 5/ The ISC is indicated here to provide a picture of the overall WFP costs even though they are not Project Costs per se. The ISC rate may be amended by the Executive Board during the Project's life. wfp009203.xls

COMMODITIES, EXTERNAL TRANSPORT AND LTSH Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 TOTAL Cost per mt Total Quantity Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Value Commodities (US$) (mt) (mt) (US$) (mt) (US$) (mt) (US$) (US$) Cereals 245.72 36,400 36,400.00 $ 8,944,208.00 - $ - - $ - $ 8,944,208 Likuni Phala 350.00 7,890 7,890.00 $ 2,761,500.00 - $ - - $ - $ 2,761,500 Pulses 250.00 9,313 9,313.00 $ 2,328,250.00 - $ - - $ - $ 2,328,250 Maize Meal 190.00 570 570.00 $ 108,300.00 - $ - - $ - $ 108,300 DSE 3,900.00 48 48.00 $ 187,200.00 - $ - - $ - $ 187,200 Sugar 400.00 81 81.00 $ 32,400.00 - $ - - $ - $ 32,400 Vegetable Oil 450.00 124 124.00 $ 55,800.00 - $ - - $ - $ 55,800 - - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ - - - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ - - - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ - Total Commodities 54,426 54,426.00 $ 14,417,658.00 - $ - - $ - $ 14,417,658 Total External Transport Overall Rate Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 TOTAL 56.77 $ 3,089,875.00 $ - $ - $ 3,089,875 LTSH Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 TOTAL 542110 - Port Operations Costs $ 899,366.00 $ - $ - $ 899,366 542120 - Landside Transport $ 5,214,037.00 $ - $ - $ 5,214,037 542130 - Air Transport $ - $ - $ - $ - 542140 - Transhipment Point Costs $ 501,316.00 $ - $ - $ 501,316 542150 - EDP Operations Overall Rate $ 236,681.00 $ - $ - $ 236,681 542160 - Distribution Costs ITSH 55.10 $ 2,020,110.00 $ - $ - $ 2,020,110 542170 - Other LTSH Costs OVERLAND 109.11 $ 54,354.00 $ - $ - $ 54,354 Total LTSH 164.21 $ 8,925,864 $ - $ - $ 8,925,864 DSC Overall Rate Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 TOTAL Total DSC 34.25 $ 1,863,833 $ - $ - $ 1,863,833 ODOC Overall Rate Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 TOTAL Total ODOC 20.99 $ 1,142,295 $ - $ - $ 1,142,295 Remarks: 1/ In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country. 2/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. 3/ Enter a relevant transport rate. wfp009203.xls

OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS (BUDGET PLAN PRIORITY AREAS) TOTAL Gender Non Attributed Staff and Staff-Related Costs Year 1 Staff and Staff-Related Costs 551010 International Consultants (incl. Travel) 357,752 - - - 551020 National Consultants - - - 551030 Temporary Assistance 390,188 - - - 551040 UNVs - - - - 552000 Non-WFP Staff Training - - - 553000 Travel - - - Subtotal 747,940 - - - Recurring Expenses Year 1 Recurring Expenses 554010 Rental of Facility - - - 554020 Utilities General - - - 554030 Office Supplies - - - 554040 Communications and IT Services - - - 554050 Insurance - - - 554060 Equipment Repair and Maintenance - - - 554070 Vehicle Maintenance and Running Costs - - - 554080 Contracted Services 394,355 - - - 554090 Other Office Expenses - - - Subtotal 394,355 - - - Equipment & Capital Costs Year 1 Equipment & Capital Costs 555010 Agricultural Tools and Equipment - - - - 555020 Kitchen & Canteen Material and Equipment - - - - 555030 Health Related Material and Equipment - - - - 555040 School Related Material and Equipment - - - - 555050 Building Material - - - 555060 Vehicles - - - 555070 TC/IT Equipment - - - 555080 Other Tools, Material and Equipment - - - 556000 Food Transformation Costs - - - - Subtotal - - - - TOTAL OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS 1,142,295 - - - 1/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country 2/ This table facilitates the breakdown of project costs by Priority area for statistical purposes 3/ The total in Column E41 is expected to tally with Column C41, as Total ODOC for the Project, for the Year. wfp009203.xls

OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS (BUDGET PLAN PRIORITY AREAS) TOTAL Gender Non Attributed Staff and Staff-Related Costs Year 2 Staff and Staff-Related Costs 551010 International Consultants (incl. Travel) - - - - 551020 National Consultants - - - - 551030 Temporary Assistance - - - - 551040 UNVs - - - - 552000 Non-WFP Staff Training - - - - 553000 Travel - - - - Subtotal - - - - Recurring Expenses Year 2 Recurring Expenses 554010 Rental of Facility - - - - 554020 Utilities General - - - - 554030 Office Supplies - - - - 554040 Communications and IT Services - - - - 554050 Insurance - - - - 554060 Equipment Repair and Maintenance - - - - 554070 Vehicle Maintenance and Running Costs - - - - 554080 Contracted Services - - - - 554090 Other Office Expenses - - - - Subtotal - - - - Equipment & Capital Costs Year 2 Equipment & Capital Costs 555010 Agricultural Tools and Equipment - - - - 555020 Kitchen & Canteen Material and Equipment - - - - 555030 Health Related Material and Equipment - - - - 555040 School Related Material and Equipment - - - - 555050 Building Material - - - - 555060 Vehicles - - - - 555070 TC/IT Equipment - - - - 555080 Other Tools, Material and Equipment - - - - 556000 Food Transformation Costs - - - - Subtotal - - - - TOTAL OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS - - - - 1/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country. 2/ This table facilitates the breakdown of project costs by Priority area for statistical purposes. 3/ The total in Column E41 is expected to tally with Column C41, as Total ODOC for the Project, for the Year. wfp009203.xls

OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS (BUDGET PLAN PRIORITY AREAS) TOTAL Gender Non Attributed Staff and Staff-Related Costs Year 3 Staff and Staff-Related Costs 551010 International Consultants (incl. Travel) - - - - 551020 National Consultants - - - - 551030 Temporary Assistance - - - - 551040 UNVs - - - - 552000 Non-WFP Staff Training - - - - 553000 Travel - - - - Subtotal - - - - Recurring Expenses Year 3 Recurring Expenses 554010 Rental of Facility - - - - 554020 Utilities General - - - - 554030 Office Supplies - - - - 554040 Communications and IT Services - - - - 554050 Insurance - - - - 554060 Equipment Repair and Maintenance - - - - 554070 Vehicle Maintenance and Running Costs - - - - 554080 Contracted Services - - - - 554090 Other Office Expenses - - - - Subtotal - - - - Equipment & Capital Costs Year 3 Equipment & Capital Costs 555010 Agricultural Tools and Equipment - - - - 555020 Kitchen & Canteen Material and Equipment - - - - 555030 Health Related Material and Equipment - - - - 555040 School Related Material and Equipment - - - - 555050 Building Material - - - - 555060 Vehicles - - - - 555070 TC/IT Equipment - - - - 555080 Other Tools, Material and Equipment - - - - 556000 Food Transformation Costs - - - - Subtotal - - - - TOTAL OTHER DIRECT OPERATIONAL COSTS - - - - 1/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country. 2/ This table facilitates the breakdown of project costs by Priority area for statistical purposes. 3/ The total in Column E41 is expected to tally with Column C41, as Total ODOC for the Project, for the Year. wfp009203.xls

DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS (BUDGET PLAN PRIORITY AREAS) TOTAL Security Gender Monitoring and Evaluation Non Attributed Staff and Staff-Related Costs Year 1 Staff and Staff-Related Costs 611111 to 225 International Professional Staff 533,867 - - - - - 611231 to 234 International GS Staff - - - - - - 612100 National Professional Officers 38,000 - - - - - 612200 National GS Staff 196,000 - - - - - 613100 Temporary Assistance 94,000 - - - - - 613200 Overtime (in USD only) 18,000 - - - - - 613300 Incentives - - - - - - 621000 International Consultants 75,000 - - - - - 621100 National Consultants 24,700 - - - - - 622000 UNVs 64,667 - - - - - 631000 Staff Duty Travel 78,000 - - - - - 641000 Staff Training and Development 22,200 - - - - - Subtotal 1,144,433 - - - - - Recurring Expenses Year 1 Recurring Expenses 751000 Rental of Facility 11,600 - - - - - 752000 Utilities General 5,400 - - - - - 753000 Office Supplies 29,000 - - - - - 754000 Communications and IT Services 35,000 - - - - - 755000 Insurance 9,800 - - - - - 756000 Equipment Repair and Maintenance 13,500 - - - - - 757000 Vehicle Maintenance and Running Cost 45,200 - - - - - 758000 Other Office Expenses - - - - - - 782000 UN Organisations Services 3,900 - - - - - Subtotal 153,400 - - - - - Equipment & Capital Costs Year 1 Equipment & Capital Costs 761000 Vehicles 280,000 280,000 180,000-100,000-762000 TC/IT Equipment, 81,000 81,000 81,000 - - - 763000 Furniture, Tools and Equipment 205,000 175,000 - - - 175,000 Subtotal 566,000 536,000 261,000-100,000 175,000 TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS 1,863,833 536,000 261,000-100,000 175,000 1/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country. 2/ This table facilitates the breakdown of project costs by Priority area for statistical purposes. 3/ The total in Column E41 is expected to tally with Column C41, as Total DSC for the Project, for the Year. wfp009203.xls

DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS (BUDGET PLAN PRIORITY AREAS) TOTAL Security Gender Monitoring and Evaluation Non Attributed Staff and Staff-Related Costs Year 2 Staff and Staff-Related Costs 611111 to 225 International Professional Staff - - - - - - 611231 to 234 International GS Staff - - - - - - 612100 National Professional Officers - - - - - - 612200 National GS Staff - - - - - - 613100 Temporary Assistance - - - - - - 613200 Overtime (in USD only) - - - - - - 613300 Incentives - - - - - - 621000 International Consultants - - - - - - 621100 National Consultants - - - - - - 622000 UNVs - - - - - - 631000 Staff Duty Travel - - - - - - 641000 Staff Training and Development - - - - - - Subtotal - - - - - - Recurring Expenses Year 2 Recurring Expenses 751000 Rental of Facility - - - - - - 752000 Utilities General - - - - - - 753000 Office Supplies - - - - - - 754000 Communications and IT Services - - - - - - 755000 Insurance - - - - - - 756000 Equipment Repair and Maintenance - - - - - - 757000 Vehicle Maintenance and Running Cost - - - - - - 758000 Other Office Expenses - - - - - - 782000 UN Organisations Services - - - - - - Subtotal - - - - - - Equipment & Capital Costs Year 2 Equipment & Capital Costs 761000 Vehicles - - - - - - 762000 TC/IT Equipment, - - - - - - 763000 Furniture, Tools and Equipment - - - - - - Subtotal - - - - - - TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS - - - - - - 1/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country. 2/ This table facilitates the breakdown of project costs by Priority area for statistical purposes. 3/ The total in Column E41 is expected to tally with Column C41, as Total DSC for the Project, for the Year. wfp009203.xls

DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS (BUDGET PLAN PRIORITY AREAS) TOTAL Security Gender Monitoring and Evaluation Non Attributed Staff and Staff-Related Costs Year 3 Staff and Staff-Related Costs 611111 to 225 International Professional Staff - - - - - - 611231 to 234 International GS Staff - - - - - - 612100 National Professional Officers - - - - - - 612200 National GS Staff - - - - - - 613100 Temporary Assistance - - - - - - 613200 Overtime (in USD only) - - - - - - 613300 Incentives - - - - - - 621000 International Consultants - - - - - - 621100 National Consultants - - - - - - 622000 UNVs - - - - - - 631000 Staff Duty Travel - - - - - - 641000 Staff Training and Development - - - - - - Subtotal - - - - - - Recurring Expenses Year 3 Recurring Expenses 751000 Rental of Facility - - - - - - 752000 Utilities General - - - - - - 753000 Office Supplies - - - - - - 754000 Communications and IT Services - - - - - - 755000 Insurance - - - - - - 756000 Equipment Repair and Maintenance - - - - - - 757000 Vehicle Maintenance and Running Cost - - - - - - 758000 Other Office Expenses - - - - - - 782000 UN Organisations Services - - - - - - Subtotal - - - - - - Equipment & Capital Costs Year 3 Equipment & Capital Costs 761000 Vehicles - - - - - - 762000 TC/IT Equipment, - - - - - - 763000 Furniture, Tools and Equipment - - - - - - Subtotal - - - - - - TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS - - - - - - 1/ Planned costs should be included for each year of the project. In the case of a Regional project, this format should also be completed for each country. 2/ This table facilitates the breakdown of project costs by Priority area for statistical purposes. 3/ The total in Column E41 is expected to tally with Column C41, as Total DSC for the Project, for the Year. wfp009203.xls