CITY OF CHIEFLAND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY DIVISION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

CITY OF CHIEFLAND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY DIVISION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Introduction This Competitive Analysis aims to provide a comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the existing conditions and developing trends within the community and local economy, as well as a comparison to the Workforce Region, the state of Florida, and the nation as a whole. Due to data availability and limitations, much of the analysis will be conducted at the county level and will consist of the following elements: Population An analysis of the community s demographics will help to identify changes and trends in the general population, as well as the age cohorts and overall median age within the community. This may also provide insight into public health indicators that can impact the community s competitiveness. Education The quality of the local education system will be assessed, as it can impact the community s development today and can be a reflection of the local workforce to come. This carries beyond the high school level and onto adult education opportunities, such as training programs, technical colleges and even regional institutions. Health Looking at community health numbers sheds light on how well the local population is preventing disease and avoiding costly expenditures, such as smoking habits, that can affect individual productivity and greatly impact community income. Income Income analyses can provide an insight, not only on the individual spending power within the community, but also the growth of the local economy. More income translates to greater collective purchasing power, which can be utilized to attract new industries. Housing and Infrastructure The existing housing and infrastructure quality can affect a community and economy s ability to grow and develop. An assessment of the existing conditions will include a broad look at housing availability and affordability, local and regional infrastructure capacities and assets, and recent tax rates and revenues that both benefit from and support each of these components of a community. and Wages A comprehensive look at the local and regional workforce will range from trends in income sources and employment types to major industry sectors. This also includes trends in the number and size of establishments as well as the details of regional commuting patterns for employment. Data Sources The following data sources are used for the development of the Competitive Analysis: Florida Research and Economic Information Database Application (FREIDA) Florida Department of Education Florida Department of Revenue U.S. Census Bureau U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis For additional information on the Competitive Analysis please contact John Reddick by email at John.Reddick@DEO.MyFlorida.com or by phone at (850) 717-8485. 2

Table of Contents Population... 4 Population Change... 4 Median Age... 5 Age Cohorts... 5 Education... 9 Local School System... 9 Educational Attainment... 12 Local Education Resources... 13 Health... 14 Medical Facilities in a 50-Mile Radius... 14 Affordable Child Care Facilities... 14 Income... 18 Housing... 21 Infrastructure... 24 Utilities... 24 Water and Sewer... 24 Power Sources and Capacity... 24 Transportation... 24 Tax Revenues... 25 Tax Incentives... 25 Capital Improvements Priorities... 25... 26 Labor Force... 26 Industry Sector, and Wages... 29 Job Flow and Commuting Patterns... 39 Job Flow and Labor Force... 39 Commuting Demographic and Patterns... 41 Appendices... 46 Appendix A: Demographics... 46 Appendix B:... 48 Resources... 66 Data Sources... 66 Glossary of Terms... 67 3

Population Analyzing population changes, from total population to age cohorts, can help predict what the future workforce, tax base and consumer market may look like in the future. The community s population changes are compared to the state and the nation as a whole to help put trends in perspective to see if changes are comparable with the larger population or if the community s population trends are a result of local circumstances. Population changes can be due to a number of factors, such as births, deaths, immigration and emigration. Digging deeper into the population data to look at the age cohorts of the changing populations can help determine what the primary causes of any population changes may be. Major data findings are provided below, but all data acquired can be referenced in Appendix A. All data for the population analysis originates from the 2000 Census and 2010 Census, retrieved using the U.S. Census Bureau s American FactFinder Tool: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml. Once arriving at the American FactFinder Tool, the following steps can guide you to the desired population data: Enter the geography (state, county, city, town, or zip code) and select Go Select the Population tab Select the link to the data you would like to see based on the year Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel or PDF format by selecting Download CLICK STEPS: POPULATION Population Change The City of Chiefland s population saw growth between 2000 and 2010, but the rate of growth lagged behind Levy County as a whole, which indicates that other areas in the county are seeing a greater rate of growth than Chiefland. The county s population managed to grow at a greater rate than the entire state of Florida, but even Levy County saw less growth than Citrus County to the south and significantly less growth than Marion County to the east. Estimates for 2013 population numbers suggest that the state of Florida saw growth between 2010 and 2013, while Chiefland, Levy County, Marion County and Citrus County all saw little growth or a decline in population, with Chiefland seeing the greatest decrease in that time. The City of Chiefland s population is estimated to have decreased at more than twice the rate of Levy County as a whole from 2010 to 2013. 4

Population Changes, 2000-2010, 2013 2000 2010 Percent Change 2013 Estimate Percent Change, 2010-2013 Chiefland 1,993 2,245 12.6% 2,177-3.0% Levy County 34,450 40,801 18.4% 40,289-1.3% Florida 15,982,378 18,801,310 17.6% 19,091,156 1.5% Marion County 258,916 331,303 28.0% 333,503 0.7% Citrus County 118,085 141,236 19.6% 140,214-0.7% Median Age The generalized trend for the state of Florida and the nation as a whole is that the overall population is aging, as is indicated by the increase in median age for both between 2000 and 2010. Levy County saw this pattern even more so, with its median age already greater than the state and the nation in 2000 and then increasing at a greater rate over the ten-year span. While Levy County s median age was increasing by nearly 4 years between 2000 and 2010, the Chiefland s median age began nearly 7 years younger than all of Levy County, as well as being lower than the state and the nation, and then saw only a slight decrease in the median age over the ten-year span. Age Cohorts Median Age of Population, 2000 vs. 2010 Chiefland Levy County Florida United States Median Age 2000 34.2 41.1 38.7 35.3 Median Age 2010 34.1 45.0 40.7 37.2 Change -0.1 3.9 2 1.9 Percent Change -0.3% 9.5% 5.2% 5.4% Population age cohorts are provided as a combination of 5-year or 10-year age spans, so when breaking down the age distribution of a population the size of the cohort should be recognized. Moving from 2000 to 2010, there may be shifts in the size of a cohort or its share of the total population as a result of persons aging from one cohort into another. It is also important to recognize that the most recent Census was 2010 and age cohorts have shifted five years since the last Census survey was conducted. Therefore many cohort members may have aged into an older cohort during this time. 5

85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years CHIEFLAND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE COHORT, 2000 VS. 2010 2 2.2 4.1 4.4 4.8 7.2 8.5 7.7 8.2 8.4 8.7 9.1 8.9 For the City of Chiefland, the variation in age groups shifting their share of the population is reflected by Chiefland s median age, which saw little change between 2000 and 2010. The overall population aged 65 and older saw its share of population decrease 2.4 percent, while the just younger cohort of 55 to 64 saw a collective increase of 2.8 in share of the population. At the younger ages, the population share increased 2 percent collectively for ages 20 to 34 while the population aged 19 or younger saw its share of the population decrease 1.9 percent. Chiefland s variety of changes between 2000 and 2010 did not follow the trends of Levy County as a whole. For Levy County, all age cohorts 45 and older either stayed the same or increased their share of the population. Collectively, the share of the county population age 45 and older increased 5.7 percent. 5.2 With the exception of the slight increase in the age 20 to 24 cohort, all cohorts age 44 and younger saw their share of the population decrease between 2000 and 2010. Most notable is the 35 to 44 age cohort which had its share of population decrease 3 percent. 6 6.1 6.5 7 7.5 7.9 2010 2000 11.2 11.6 11.7 11.8 11 12.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 6

85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years LEVY COUNTY POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE COHORT, 2000 VS. 2010 1.6 1.5 6 6 6.3 6.5 5.1 4.5 6.4 6.8 5.9 6.9 5.6 6.5 5.6 5.7 2010 2000 11.8 10.3 7.7 7.7 15.2 13.7 11.2 14.2 10.1 10.9 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 The aging that Levy County saw from 2000 to 2010 can be generalized to the state of Florida and nation as a whole. However, as the median age indicates, the county population is older than the state and nation and increased at a rate nearly double that of Florida, which the shift in cohort population share clearly indicates. 7

FLORIDA POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY AGE COHORT, 2000 VS. 2010 85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years 2.3 2.1 2010 5.9 6.4 9.1 9.2 6.0 2000 4.6 6.4 5.1 12.9 14.6 13.0 15.5 12.2 13 6.5 5.8 6.3 6.5 6.0 6.6 5.7 6.5 5.7 5.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 UNITED STATES POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY COHORT, 2000 VS. 2010 85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years 1.8 1.5 4.3 4.4 5.4 3.8 4.8 7.0 6.5 6.4 7.0 6.7 7.1 7.2 6.7 7.3 6.6 7.3 6.5 6.8 2010 2000 14.6 13.4 13.3 13.3 14.2 16 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 8

Education The local education system plays a major role in the development and sustainability of a community. The K-12 school system can reflect the future of the local workforce, act as an attractor or detractor of potential new residents and businesses, as well as affect real property values. Reports indicate that educational attainment is closely connected to personal well-being: adults with higher education levels report better health, social and emotional wellbeing, and are less likely to divorce, or be incarcerated. 1 The educational attainment of the workforce-aged population can also be an attractor or detractor of potential new businesses, and possibly impact the ability for existing local businesses to grow and prosper. Adult or secondary education resources can prove to be an excellent partner and asset in a community and help the local workforce further develop and improve. Local School System The Florida Department of Education has several metrics for measuring school and school district quality, with the school and districts grades each year being the sum of the various metrics. Chiefland school and district grades for the last five years was reviewed, as well as funding sources and expenditures for the Levy County school district. All school grade and district grade data used was acquired from the Florida Department of Education s Florida School Grades web page: http://schoolgrades.fldoe.org/ Once arriving at the Florida School Grades web page, the following steps can guide you to the desired school grade data: Under 2013-2014 School Accountability Reports locate where it states School Grades for 2014 are available in Excel Format Select the link School Grades, Basic Information on Schools This will instruct you to download an Excel file with all data By downloading and opening the Excel workbook, school grades and other characteristics for all schools across the state are available to view, use and manage All school district revenue and expenditure data used was acquired from the Florida Department of Education s Profiles of Florida School Districts web page: http://www.fldoe.org/schools/k-12-public-schools/profiles-of-fl-school-diss.stml CLICK STEPS: LOCAL SCHOOLS 1 Source: http://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=educational-attainment 9

Although the Levy County School District has been consistent in the B/C grade range, Chiefland Middle High School has improved from a C/D to a consistent A school. Showing the opposite trend, Chiefland Elementary School has dropped in recent years from an A/B school to a C/D school. Levy County School District, Chiefland Public School Grades 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 DISTRICT GRADES B C B C B B B B C C C CHIEFLAND MIDDLE HIGH SCHOOL C D C C B C A B A A A CHIEFLAND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL A C B A B A A B C D D 10

Local revenues for the Levy County School District have been on a consistent decline since 2008, decreasing by nearly $6.5 million between 2008 and 2013. With federal revenues declining over the same span, total revenues for the school district decreased by nearly $12.5 million over the 5-year period. Levy County School District Revenues, 2004-2012 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 Revenue $ 49,262,286.00 $ 59,102,822.00 $ 58,782,920.00 $ 59,280,887.00 $ 61,376,809.00 $ 55,713,399.00 $ 56,136,304.00 $ 50,043,200.00 $ 48,896,112.00 Federal Revenue $ 6,211,037.00 $ 6,974,583.00 $ 6,473,108.00 $ 6,642,901.00 $ 8,055,925.00 $ 10,429,362.00 $ 11,797,942.00 $ 9,279,547.00 $ 8,123,341.00 Revenue from State $ 30,731,698.00 $ 37,785,433.00 $ 32,391,980.00 $ 33,086,000.00 $ 33,235,604.00 $ 27,232,509.00 $27,293,881.00 $ 25,606,879.00 $ 27,244,907.00 Revenue from Local $ 12,319,551.00 $ 14,342,806.00 $ 19,917,831.00 $ 19,551,986.00 $ 20,085,280.00 $ 18,051,529.00 $ 17,044,480.00 $ 15,156,774.00 $ 13,527,865.00 Revenue Federal Revenues 12.61% 11.80% 11.01% 11.21% 13.13% 18.72% 21.02% 18.54% 16.61% State Revenues 62.38% 63.93% 55.10% 55.81% 54.15% 48.88% 48.62% 51.17% 55.72% Local Revenues 25.01% 24.27% 33.88% 32.98% 32.72% 32.40% 30.36% 30.29% 27.67% Following the trend of declining revenues, Levy County School District expenditures declined over the same 2008-2013 period by approximately $5.7 million. Those expenditure decreases were primarily assessed towards Exceptional Students, accounting for more than $4 million of the decrease. This carries over to Expenditures per Full Time Student, where Basic K-12, Exceptional Students and Vocational 9-12 all saw decreases. Levy County School District Expenditures, 2004-2012 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 Expenditures $ 32,862,645.00 $ 35,016,012.00 $ 38,356,367.00 $ 39,893,603.00 $ 39,176,944.00 $ 36,837,371.00 $ 38,167,622.00 $ 35,151,954.00 $ 33,428,598.00 Basic K-12 $ 20,241,198.00 $ 21,589,331.00 $ 23,325,945.00 $ 24,163,470.00 $ 23,539,210.00 $ 22,905,664.00 $ 24,241,637.00 $ 22,518,281.00 $ 22,069,203.00 Exceptional Students $ 11,658,053.00 $ 12,476,896.00 $ 14,060,744.00 $ 14,590,248.00 $ 14,623,217.00 $ 12,867,259.00 $ 12,397,041.00 $ 11,208,646.00 $ 10,376,942.00 Career 9-12 $ 963,394.00 $ 949,785.00 $ 969,678.00 $ 1,139,885.00 $ 1,014,517.00 $ 1,064,448.00 $ 1,528,944.00 $ 1,425,027.00 $ 982,453.00 Expenditures Per Full Time Student Basic K-12 $ 4,914.00 $ 5,231.00 $ 5,682.00 $ 5,869.00 $ 6,032.00 $ 6,027.00 $ 6,432.00 $ 5,994.00 $ 5,830.00 Exceptional Students $ 7,198.00 $ 7,578.00 $ 8,415.00 $ 8,820.00 $ 8,793.00 $ 8,195.00 $ 9,142.00 $ 8,054.00 $ 7,864.00 Vocational 9-12 $ 5,318.00 $ 5,308.00 $ 5,297.00 $ 6,575.00 $ 6,293.00 $ 6,218.00 $ 8,100.00 $ 7,724.00 $ 5,602.00 11

Educational Attainment This section looks beyond schools, and into human capital, in the form of years involved in the formal education system. Education reported through Florida Department of Education includes vocational training, some adult schooling, and programs for exceptional students as well. The educational attainment of Levy County was analyzed using the U.S. Census Bureau s American FactFinder tool. Data was based from the 2000 U.S. Census and 2012 American Community Survey. All data used can be sourced at: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml. Once arriving at the American FactFinder Tool, the following steps can guide you to the desired education data: Enter the geography (state, county, city, town, or zip code) and select Go Select the Education tab Select the link to the data you would like to see based on the year Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel or PDF format by selecting Download CLICK STEPS: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT For the number of residents age 25 and over with a high school education or greater, Levy County saw more growth than the state Florida and the nation as a whole. With a 7 percent overall increase, the greatest increase was those with some college but not degree, followed by those with an Associate s degree. Levy County has a higher share of the population with some college education but have not completed a degree than the state and the nation. While the gap appears to be closing, Levy County s educational attainment rates remain below the state and nation. Educational Attainment Educational Attainment, Population 25 Years and Over Levy Florida United States 2000 2013 Change 2000 2013 Change 2000 2013 Change High school 38.2% 39.6% 1.4% 28.7% 29.8% 1.1% 28.6% 28.2% -0.4% Some college, no degree 20.2% 23.0% 2.8% 21.8% 21.1% -0.7% 21.1% 21.3% 0.2% Associate's degree 4.9% 7.3% 2.4% 7.0% 8.7% 1.7% 6.3% 7.7% 1.4% Bachelor's degree 6.9% 7.6% 0.7% 14.3% 16.8% 2.5% 15.5% 17.9% 2.4% Graduate or professional degree 3.8% 3.5% -0.3% 8.1% 9.4% 1.3% 8.9% 10.6% 1.7% Sum 74.0% 81.0% 7.0% 79.9% 85.8% 5.9% 80.4% 85.7% 5.3% 12

Educational Attainment High School Graduate or Higher Bachelor's Degree or Higher Educational Attainment by Age Cohort Cohort Levy Florida United States 2000 2013 Change 2000 2013 Change 2000 2013 Change 25 to 34 years 75.6% 80.3% 4.7% 82.7% 86.9% 4.2% 83.9% 87.5% 3.60% 35 to 44 years 82.8% 82.2% -0.6% 84.1% 88.2% 4.1% 85.0% 87.5% 2.50% 45 to 64 years 77.2% 84.9% 7.7% 82.0% 88.0% 6.0% 83.2% 87.8% 4.60% 65 years and over 60.9% 75.0% 14.1% 71.2% 80.0% 8.8% 65.5% 77.9% 12.40% 25 to 34 years 9.0% 10.5% 1.5% 23.3% 26.3% 3.0% 27.5% 31.6% 4.1% 35 to 44 years 9.0% 9.4% 0.4% 23.6% 28.6% 5.0% 25.9% 31.8% 5.9% 45 to 64 years 12.8% 10.5% -2.3% 24.5% 27.1% 2.6% 26.4% 28.8% 2.4% 65 years and over 9.8% 13.4% 3.6% 17.6% 22.9% 5.3% 15.4% 21.5% 6.1% Breaking down the educational attainment improvements in Levy County by age cohort (Page 11), the majority of growth for both a High School Graduate or Higher and a Bachelor s Degree or Higher was seen in the 65 years and over cohort with the increase in High School Graduate or Higher greater than that of the state and nation. This aligns with the growing older population in Levy County to suggest that educated individuals in the 65 and older cohort may be moving in to the county. The increase in those with a high school education or higher for the 25 to 34 years range was greater than the state and the nation. Similar to overall educational attainment, levels for all cohorts at the county level were below state and national levels. Local Education Resources Identification of higher education and training resources within the community, from universities to technical colleges, can provide insight into the opportunities for local workforce advancement. The City of Chiefland is home to the College of Central Florida- Levy Center. The Levy Center offers several A.A. degrees, pre-requisite courses for health care degrees, an Emergency Medical Technician program, an Applied Welding Technology program and a variety of noncredit training programs. The school is currently in the planning and development stage for a new expanded facility in Chiefland that will offer a larger variety of degrees and programs. More information about degrees, programs and the new campus can be found at: http://www.cf.edu/levy 13

Health The health of a community can impact its workforce, the ability for its citizens and economy to grow and prosper, and the perceived attractiveness of the community to potential new residents or businesses. The health of a community plays an essential role in building a competitive economy. Poor health in a community can create an economic burden to individuals, companies, and regions. An unhealthy workforce may lead to higher costs associated with preventable healthcare expenditures, higher healthcare costs to businesses and individuals, and costs associated with lost productivity from absenteeism. Businesses will often cite high health care costs as a reason for relocation and businesses often look to locate to areas with healthier populations, where the costs of healthcare expenditures and lost productivity will be lower. Additionally, communities with accessible, high quality medical provider facilities can be a primary element in making a community livable for a competitive workforce, and it is an attractive resource for prospective residents, including families and retired citizens, and businesses. High quality medical facilities can also lead to the creation of new industry agglomerations (including other medical facilities and businesses that supply products and services to healthcare facilities) and may have the potential to become a basic industry within the local economy as well as increasing the attractiveness of the community. Medical Facilities in a 50-Mile Radius The following medical facilities are currently available within a 50-mile radius of Chiefland: Chiefland Palms Medical Center Chiefland, FL Trenton Palms Medical Center Trenton, FL UF Family Medicine Old Town, FL Bell Palms Medical Center Bell, FL Nature Coast Regional Hospital Williston, FL Affordable Child Care Facilities The City of Chiefland currently has two child daycare centers that have low-income programs: Clyatt House 3690 NW 120 th St., Chiefland, FL 32626 Fun for Kids 211 NE 4 th St., Chiefland, FL 32626 14

The Florida Department of Health provides data for as recent as 2014 on several health indicators at the county level through the Florida Community Health Assessment Resource Tool Set (CHARTS), comparing county rates with the state as a whole and placing all counties in a quartile ranking system for each indicator. This data is available at: http://www.floridacharts.com/charts/specreport.aspx?repid=1341&tn=24 Once arriving at the CHARTS web page, the following steps can guide you to the desired health data: Select the county that you wish to retrieve data for Select the year for which you would like to retrieve data Select Display Report and a window will open with a County Health Status Summary for the selected county. If a county is in the first quartile of all Florida counties then its statistics are most favorable compared with all Florida counties. Conversely, if a county is the fourth quartile of all Florida counties then its statistics are least favorable for all Florida counties. CLICK STEPS: HEALTH Pulling from Levy County s Health Status Summary, Levy County is in the third or fourth quartile for all Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Indicators. Most notably is the rate of obesity, 8 percent higher than the statewide rate, and the rate hypertension in Levy County, 8.4 percent higher than the state rate. Adults who have ever been told they had hypertension Adults who have ever been told they had high blood cholesterol Adults who are inactive or insufficiently active Adults who consumed five or more servings of fruits or vegetables per day Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Indicators (Data Year 2013) Age-Adjusted Rate State Age-adjusted rate Quartile 43.0% 34.6% 4 37.1% 33.4% 3 54.6% 52.9% 3 15.5% 18.3% 3 Adults who are overweight 39.5% 36.4% 4 Adults who are obese 34.4% 26.4% 3 Adults who are current smokers 22.6% 16.8% 4 15

For almost all chronic disease indicators, Levy County s rates are in the lower two quartiles of all Florida counties. The exception is hospitalizations from heart failure in the second quartile, yet the rate of deaths from heart failure is in the fourth quartile. Current adult smokers, in the third quartile, indicates that more members in Levy County than in the state at large, are engaging in an activity that the Florida DOH reports is the major single cause of cancer death in the United States. 2 Additionally, from a local economy standpoint, the American Cancer society reports that smoking leads to health costs and productivity losses totaling an average of $10.47 per pack. 3 While the percentage of adults with asthma is in the third quartile of Florida counties, Levy County s rate is lower than the statewide rate. Disease Coronary Heart Disease Stroke Heart Failure Lung Cancer Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases Diabetes Levy County Chronic Disease Rates, Per 100,000 people Indicator Age-Adjusted Rate State Age- Adjusted rate Quartile Year of Data Deaths 125.8 102.5 3 2011-2013 Hospitalizations 397.8 352.7 3 2010-2012 Deaths 41.1 31.3 4 2011-2013 Hospitalizations 280.6 266.2 3 2010-2012 Deaths 14.7 9.7 4 2011-2013 Hospitalizations 85.1 111.6 2 2010-2012 Deaths 78.3 44.5 4 2011-2013 Incidence 96.8 63.4 4 2009-2011 Deaths 53 39.6 3 2011-2013 CLRD Hospitalizations 499.3 368.2 4 2010-2012 Adults who currently have asthma 7.5% 8.30% 3 2013 Asthma hospitalizations 882.9 780.4 4 2010-2012 Deaths 38.5 19.6 4 2011-2013 Hospitalizations 2699.1 2291.2 3 2010-2012 Adults who have ever been told they had diabetes 17.10% 11.20% 4 2013 2 From: http://www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/tobacco-free-florida/ 3 From: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobaccocancer/questionsaboutsmokingtobaccoandhealth/questions-aboutsmoking-tobacco-and-health-tob-and-economy 16

In terms of health resource availability, Levy County s rates are all far below statewide rates. With the exception of Nursing Home Beds, all resources are available at less than half the statewide rate. The American College of Physicians notes: A shortage of primary care physicians will have adverse implications for access, quality, and cost of care. 4 Levy County Health Resources Availability, Rate per 100,000 People Indicator 3 year rolling rate Levy County Florida Data Year Licensed Florida Family Practice Physicians 15.6 24.5 FY 11-12- FY 13-14 Licensed Florida Physicians 50.7 267.2 FY 11-12- FY 13-14 Licensed Family Dentists 25.4 54 FY 11-12- FY 13-14 Nursing Home Beds 392.9 435.5 2011-2013 Hospital Beds 98.2 320.2 2011-2013 4 From: https://www.acponline.org/advocacy/current_policy_papers/assets/primary_shortage.pdf 17

Income Trends in income levels and income sources can be an indicator as to the growth of a local economy, such as the ability to support various industries through the amount of disposable income available, housing demands and property values, and give overall insight into how much money is circulating through the local economy. However, even if income levels are growing they may not be keeping pace with inflation and growth in the national economy. Therefore growth rates should be tracked to see how income levels are changing relative to the regional, state, and national economies. Median household incomes were analyzed using data from the 2000 U.S. Census and 2012 American Community Survey estimates, retrieved using the U.S. Census Bureau s American FactFinder tool, accessible here: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml Once arriving at the American FactFinder Tool, the following steps can guide you to the desired income data: Enter the geography (state, county, city, town, or zip code) and select Go Select the Topics tab, then expand People. Select the Income and Earnings link. Select the link to the data you would like to see based on the year Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel or PDF format by selecting Download CLICK STEPS: INCOME Chiefland saw the highest rate of growth in its median household income between 2000 and 2013, but it remains well below that of Levy County, Florida and the nation as a whole. Levy County saw similar growth but also remains below the state and nation. Median Household Income, 2000-2013 Chiefland Levy County Florida United States 2000 $ 17,331.00 $ 26,959.00 $ 38,819.00 $ 41,994.00 2013 $ 22,210.00 $ 34,348.00 $ 47,309.00 $ 53,046.00 Change $ 4,879.00 $ 7,389.00 $ 8,490.00 $ 11,052.00 Percent Change 28.2% 27.4% 21.9% 26.3% 18

All personal income and transfer receipt data was retrieved using the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis s Interactive Data tool, which can be accessed here: http://www.bea.gov/itable/index_regional.cfm Once arriving at the Interactive Data tool, the following steps can guide you to the desired income data: Select Begin using the data Select Local Area Personal Income and and the specific data type you would like to access Specify the desired geography, unit of measure, specific statistics, and time period, select Next Step Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel or PDF format by selecting Download CLICK STEPS: PERSONAL INCOME While many people get their personal income from their salary or wage, government income sources such as social security, Medicare, or unemployment insurance compensation also contribute to the local economy. However, those income sources will primarily support service industry sectors that are typically comprised of moderate- to lower-salaried and waged jobs. Additionally, persons that receive the majority of their personal income from government transfers are often times not in the workforce providing a service in return, nor do they have the opportunity for personal income growth. The total personal income in Levy County grew by more than 300 percent between 1990 and 2013, which may be attributed to population growth, higher wages and inflation. With that growth, the amount of total income attributed to personal transfer payments increased at an even greater rater. Where in 1990 it accounted for 21 percent of all personal income in Levy County, by 2013 it accounted for more than 34 percent of all personal income Levy County. 19

1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 LEVY COUNTY PERSONAL INCOME (THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS), 1990 TO 2013 Personal Income Personal Transfer Payments 1149763 600000 339459 400000 396430 200000 71894 0 Breaking down the personal transfer payments in Levy County by source (Page 17), the majority is from Retirement and Other which includes social security, disability payments and veterans benefits. This follows the trend of the growing 65 years and older population in Levy County. The largest increase in personal transfer payments was between 2008 and 2009, the majority of which was in Retirement and Other, with a slight increase in Unemployment Compensation. This coincides with a slight dip in total personal income in Levy County during the same time. 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% LEVY COUTNY PERSONAL TRANSFER PAYMENTS, SHARE OF TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME, 1990 TO 2013 21.2% 18.9% All Transfer Payments Unemployment Compensation Income Maintenance Retirement and Disability 34.5% 30.4% 10.0% 5.0% 0.2% 0.0% 2.1% 3.7% 0.3% 20

Housing Housing quality, availability, and affordability can play a major role in a community s ability to retain or attract a workforce and is also a major contributor to local tax revenues through property taxes. The types of housing available can also factor in to each of these things, and communities can benefit by following trends of what types of housing are in the highest demand. All housing data is from the 2000 U.S. Census and the 2010 U.S. Census, and was retrieved using the U.S. Census Bureau s American FactFinder tool, accessible here: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml Once arriving at the American FactFinder Tool, the following steps can guide you to the desired housing data: Enter the geography (state, county, city, town, or zip code) and select Go Select the Housing tab Select the link to the data you would like to see based on the year Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel or PDF format by selecting Download CLICK STEPS: HOUSING Chiefland witnessed a slight increase in its occupancy levels between 2000 and 2010. Of the 12.5 percent increase in total housing units, a 13.7 percent increase occurred in occupancy, meaning that the majority of available housing was occupied. This growth was primarily due to an increase in renter-occupied housing units. Between 2000 and 2010, the majority of occupied housing units in Chiefland shifted from owner-occupied to renteroccupied. Chiefland Housing Characteristics, Occupancy 2000 vs. 2010 OCCUPANCY STATUS 2000 2010 Change Percent Change Occupied housing units 796 85.5% 905 86.4% 109 13.7% Vacant housing units 135 14.5% 142 13.6% 7 5.2% housing units 931 100.0% 1,047 100.0% 116 12.5% Occupancy Status 2000 2010 Percent Change Change Owner-occupied housing units 436 54.8% 440 48.6% 4 0.9% Renter-occupied housing units 360 45.2% 465 51.4% 105 29.2% 21

Chiefland Housing Characteristics, Vacancy 2000 vs. 2010 Vacancy Status 2000 2010 Change Percent Change For rent 32 23.7% 40 28.2% 8 25.0% For sale only 30 22.2% 22 15.5% -8-26.7% Rented or sold, not occupied 4 3.0% 4 2.8% 0 0.0% For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 9 6.7% 12 8.5% 3 33.3% For migratory workers 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Other vacant 60 44.4% 64 45.1% 4 6.7% Nearly 45 percent of all vacant housing units in Chiefland classify as Other vacant, meaning they are not for rent, sale, or seasonal use. The US Census 5 reports that housing units described as Other Vacant can imply the following: The housing unit owner does not want to rent or sell. The owner is using the unit for storage. The owner is elderly and living in a nursing home or with family members. Levy County Housing Characteristics, 2000 vs. 2010 OCCUPANCY STATUS 2000 2010 Change Percent Change Occupied housing units 13,867 83.7% 16,404 81.5% 2,537 18.3% Vacant housing units 2,703 16.3% 3,719 18.5% 1,016 37.6% housing units 16,570 100.0% 20,123 100.0% 3,553 21.4% Occupancy Status 2000 2010 Percent Change Change Owner-occupied housing units 11,591 83.6% 13,155 80.2% 1,564 13.5% Renter-occupied housing units 2276 16.4% 3,249 19.8% 973 42.8% Vacancy Status 2000 2010 Percent Change Change For rent 415 15.4% 310 8.3% -105-25.3% For sale only 348 12.9% 472 12.7% 124 35.6% Rented or sold, not occupied 110 4.1% 95 2.6% -15-13.6% For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 1,085 40.1% 1,545 41.5% 460 42.4% For migratory workers 4 0.1% 5 0.1% 1 25.0% Other vacant 741 27.4% 1292 34.7% 551 74.4% The unit is being held for settlement of an estate. The unit is being repaired or renovated. The unit is being foreclosed. Levy County s occupancy rate is slightly lower than Chiefland, and the number of vacant housing units increased by 37.6 percent between 2000 and 2010, more than six times the rate of Chiefland. 5 From: http://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/qtr113/paa-poster.pdf 22

Levy County does have a significantly higher rate of owner-occupied housing units, though it saw a decrease between 2000 and 2010. Levy County also has a significantly higher percentage of vacant housing for seasonal, recreation, or occasional use. Compared to Chiefland s increase by three units during the ten year period, Levy county added four hundred sixty. This may indicate that, while recreational and tourismbased housing is on the rise in the county, Chiefland is not witnessing the lion s share of this growth. Water-oriented tourism (Cedar Key), therefore, may be winning the majority of seasonal and recreational housing. Housing Occupancy Rate 2000 2010 Chiefland 85.5% 86.4% Levy County 83.7% 81.5% Florida 86.8% 82.5% United States 86.8% 88.6% Seasonal housing is seconded by Other vacant in the county. As the amount of seasonal housing increased by 42.4 percent between 2000 and 2010, the amount of Other vacant housing units in Levy County increased by nearly 75 percent. While Chiefland has high rates of Other vacant housing, it only accounted for about 5 percent of all Other vacant housing in Levy County. The occupancy rates seen in Chiefland and Levy County are comparable to the State of Florida and the nation, but as Levy County s occupancy rate decreased similar for Florida s trend between 2000 and 2010, Chiefland followed the national trend and instead saw an increase in occupancy. Whether occupancy rate increased or decreased, all geographies saw a shift towards a greater percentage of renteroccupied housing units. Housing Tenure Status Chiefland Levy County Florida United States 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 Owner-Occupied 54.8% 48.6% 83.6% 80.2% 70.1% 67.4% 70.1% 65.1% Renter-Occupied 45.2% 51.4% 16.4% 19.8% 29.9% 32.6% 29.9% 34.9% 23

Infrastructure Utilities Water and Sewer Currently 98.1 percent of residents in Chiefland are on the City s water system while 1.9 percent are on well. The City s water system has a storage capacity of 400,000 gallons per day. It is currently pumping 350,000 gallons per day but has the ability to produce 1.9 million gallons per day, so there is significant room for expanded use of the City s water system. 80.6 percent of the residents are on the City s sewer system, while 19.4 percent are on septic systems. The treatment plant is currently at 50 percent capacity of 242,500 gallons per day, with capacity for 485,000 gallons per day, so there is room for expanded use of the City s sewage system. Power Sources and Capacity Duke Energy and Central Florida Electric Cooperative provide electricity to the City of Chiefland, and the City has the capacity to expand electricity services if demand increases. Gas is not currently available, but there is a Florida Gas Transmission Pipeline that runs through the city. Transportation Two major roadways intersect with Chiefland U.S. 19 runs north/south through the city while U.S. 27 Alt. branches off of U.S. 19 and runs east towards Ocala. By way of the U.S. Alt. 27 route, I-75 is approximately 48 miles from Chiefland. Level of Service (LOS) is a measure of the amount of congestion experienced on a road. An F represents part of the road (traffic engineers call it a segment ) where the number of vehicles driving on it exceeds the road s capacity. A common misconception is that Level of Service standards A-F is similar to school grades. Measured from a traveler s perspective, LOS A is the best with the lowest level of congestion and LOS F is the worst with the highest level of congestion. However, a road with LOS A, especially during peak travel hours, can mean an inefficient use of resources with a roadway being underutilized. Therefore, from a transportation perspective LOS A may not always be the most desirable Level of Service for a roadway. Level of service standards for the State Highway System during peak travel hours are D in urbanized areas and C outside urbanized areas. More information is available in the Florida Department of Transportation's 2013 Quality/Level of Service Handbook LEVEL OF SERVICE 24

The FDOT 2013 State Highway System Level of Service Report for Levy County reports that the county enjoys minimal congestion during rush hour travel. The specific Level of Service grades, for U.S. 19 and U.S. 27 Alt. are as follows: U.S. 19 received a Level of Service grade B U.S. 27A received a Level of Service grade B These grades indicate that along major roadways in Chiefland, the city is equipped with road infrastructure that can handle current daily vehicle loads, and that barring collisions or other incidents driving around Chiefland isn t inhibited by the number of cars, motorcycles, trucks, and other automobiles on the road. Tax Revenues Looking specifically at tax revenues from Ad Valorem such as property taxes - and Sales and Use taxes, the City of Chiefland saw its largest revenue contribution from Sales and Use taxes. Beyond local spending that can drive this, areas that have a high level of visitors and a high amount of retail or accommodation and food services can capitalize on sales and use taxes. However, the City of Chiefland s revenues from sales and use decreased an estimated 3.2 percent over the last two years. Ad Valorem taxes did manage to increase significantly, by 22.8 percent over the last two years. Tax Incentives City of Chiefland Estimated Select Tax Revenues, FY 2012-2013 vs. FY 2014-2015 FY 2012-2013 FY 2014-2015 Gross Change Percent Change Ad Valorem Taxes $ 611,264.00 $ 750,877.00 $ 139,613.00 22.8% Sales and Use Taxes $ 648,863.00 $ 627,916.00 $ (20,947.00) -3.2% Levy County has an Enterprise Zone, 4.12 square miles of which is in the City of Chiefland. With this comes the following incentives: Jobs Tax Credit (Sales Tax) Jobs Tax Credit (Corporate Income Tax) Business Equipment Sales Tax Refund Building Materials Sales Tax Property Tax Credit (Corporate Income Tax) Capital Improvements Priorities The following capital improvement projects are the current priorities for the City of Chiefland: Water line extension to a new city-owned well site, and a water storage and pumping station for the new well system Paving all city streets that are currently lime rock Construction of new digester at wastewater treatment plant Sewer line extension to all city residents 25

Labor Force The total labor force in any economy includes both the employed and the unemployed, where the unemployed are those without a job who are actively seeking work. Therefore, a local economy may see more people entering the labor force seeking employment, but if the additions to the labor force are not finding employment then it only means that the unemployment rate is increasing. Conversely, a decreasing unemployment rate may only mean that there are persons without jobs who have stopped trying to seek employment and are no longer in the labor force. All labor force data used was retrieved using the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis s Interactive Data tool, which can be accessed here: http://www.bea.gov/itable/index_regional.cfm Once arriving at the Interactive Data tool, the following steps can guide you to the desired income data: Select Begin using the data Select Local Area Personal Income and and the specific data type you would like to access Specify the desired geography, unit of measure, specific statistics, and time period, select Next Step Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel or PDF format by selecting Download CLICK STEPS: LABOR FORCE Levy County s labor force has seen a total change of only 58 persons employed from January 2005 to January 2015. With a low of 16,055 in 2006 and a high of 17,408 and 2010, over the ten year period the labor force had a range of 1,353. Overall, the employment number (number of persons employed) in Levy County was 336 greater in January 2005 than January 2015. 26

2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2014 2014 2015 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2014 2014 2015 LEVY COUNTY MONTHLY LABOR FORCE, 2005 TO 2015 Civilian Labor Force Employed Unemployed 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 16,145 15,461 16,055 16,324 17,408 16,203 14,650 15,125 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 684 487 2,211 1,078 0 Unemployment numbers are still 400 persons greater in January 2015 than they were in January 2005, but unemployment peaked in January 2010 at 2,211 persons without a job. While the unemployment number has decrease 1,133 since then, the employment number has only increased by 288 employed persons. The decrease in unemployment being greater than the increase in employment indicates that workers have been exiting the labor force, whether for retirement, emigration or choosing to no longer seek employment. 14 LEVY COUNTY MONTHLY UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, 2005 TO 2015 Levy County Florida United States 13 12 10 8 6 4 5.7 6.7 6.1 5.4 2 0 4.3 2.8 27

In January of 2005, Levy County s unemployment rate was on par with the state rate, and less than the national rate. It managed to reach a low of 3 percent in March 2006, but from that point surpassed the state and November 2007 surpassed the national rate, peaking at 13 percent in January 2010 and has remained higher than state and national rates at 6.7 percent in January 2015. The pattern of fluctuation in Levy County s unemployment rate can be indicator of seasonal employment from industries such as agriculture and tourism. 28

Industry Sector, and Wages Each local economy sees its own distribution of employment across different industry sectors and each sector s contribution to the local economy. Where a community may specialize in one industry, bringing money into the local economy, it may have room for growth in others in terms of new establishments, increased employment, or higher wages. Following the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), the community s major industry sectors were analyzed using quarterly data over a 10-year span and was compared with: Florida Workforce Region 10, which includes Marion County and Citrus County; the state of Florida; and the nation as a whole. Data collection limitations can cause gaps in data availability, which is why there may be gaps in employment data during the 10- year span, particularly at the national level. and Wage data was retrieved an analyzed using the Florida Research and Economic Information Database Application (FREIDA), a data dashboard developed and managed by DEO s Bureau of Labor Market Statistics available here: http://freida.labormarketinfo.com/ Once arriving at the Database Application, the following steps can guide you to the desired employment and wage data: Select Labor Market Analysis at the top of the page Under Historic Data Analysis on the left-hand side, select and Wage Data Select Industry Data then Quarterly Census of and Wages (QCEW) Select the desired geography Select the desired time frame Select the desired industry sector Data can then be downloaded to view, use and manage in Excel format by selecting Excel CLICK STEPS: EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES All Levy County employment data retrieved is available in Appendix B. Looking at the community s establishment, employment, and wage distribution, each industry sector that is either a major contributor to the local economy or saw significant changes over the 10-year span is analyzed below from a local, regional, and state perspective as compared with the national employment and wages trends by comparing employment distribution across all sectors as a share of total employment for each quarter and average weekly wages for each quarter. If employment in an industry in a local economy is a higher share of the local economy s total employment than that of the larger economy, particularly the national economy, then that industry is considered to be a net export of goods or services for the local economy and brings money into the local economy 29

Looking at average employment per establishment can indicate if there may be several small employers in an industry, increasing opportunities for growth, or a few large employers supporting the industry locally. One recognizable change between 2004 and 2014 for Levy County was in the Manufacturing industry. Between 2004 and 2014 there were 17 establishments added, and employment increased by 35. This positive change in number of establishments, and other sizeable changes, are highlighted in the table below. While still the largest average establishment size in the private sector, the average size decreased by 10.3 employees per establishment. This may indicate and increasing number of smaller-scale manufacturing operations that could provide opportunities for growth. Levy County Industry Sector and, Quarter 2 of 2004 and 2014 Industry Establishment Industry Industry Sector Size 2004.2 2014.2 Change 2004.2 2014.2 Change 2004.2 2014.2 Change Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 53 74 21 653 756 103 12.3 10.2-2.1 Accommodation and Food Services 69 76 7 764 662-102 11.1 8.7-2.4 Administrative and Waste Services 19 41 22 73 134 61 3.8 3.3-0.6 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 18 19 1 106 118 12 5.9 6.2 0.3 Construction 117 120 3 916 802-114 7.8 6.7-1.1 Finance and Insurance 25 32 7 264 187-77 10.6 5.8-4.7 Health Care and Social Assistance 42 65 23 607 799 192 14.5 12.3-2.2 Information 11 8-3 64 23-41 5.8 2.9-2.9 Manufacturing 23 40 17 603 638 35 26.2 16.0-10.3 Other Services 60 58-2 185 123-62 3.1 2.1-1.0 Professional and Technical Services 47 54 7 285 156-129 6.1 2.9-3.2 Public Administration 44 43-1 851 842-9 19.3 19.6 0.2 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 41 35-6 144 93-51 3.5 2.7-0.9 Retail Trade 126 136 10 1,307 1,411 104 10.4 10.4 0.0 Transportation and Warehousing 23 41 18 134 218 84 5.8 5.3-0.5 Wholesale Trade 31 34 3 253 166-87 8.2 4.9-3.3 30