CHAPTER 4 ANALYSISS In this chapter the author discuss about the issues raised in the research include the trend of ATM and DEBIT usage as well as the tendency of customers that use the transaction using an ATM and DEBIT based on sex and age on the Bank ʺXʺ during October 2008 until February 2010. 4.1 Customer Profile Bank X is one of the well known banks at Indonesia. They serve a lot of kind of customers, including individual and institution. Since the institution provides a lot of product that have a different advantage, there is a lot of kind of customer that they serve too. The customer of Bank X is various from demographic, geographic, behavioral, and many more aspects. Thus, there are various kinds of customers from children to adult, different kind of occupation, level of salaries, religion, social status, ect. This institutionn serves everyone who wants to use their banking service. Figure 4.1 Occupation Chart 27% 5% 15% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 6% 16% 2% 0% 16% 3% 0% 3% 3% 0% Accounting Doctor ENGINER Lecturer Housewife Consultant Other Students Militery BUMN / BUMD Employee Employee of cooperative PNS Privat Sector Employee Pensioners Police Profesional unfilled Entrepeurner 25
From the figure 4.1 we can see that based on the occupation, BUMN/BUMD employee (27%) is the highest occupation in the population, followed by housewife (16%), lecturer (6%), and entrepreneur (5%). Other occupation that is not mentioned at this chart does not mean that they do not exist, but their existence is very little close to 0.001%. In this research, the author use sample from one of Bank X branches at Bandung. There are about 1500 customer populations at that office. Further, there are 200 customer are taken as the sample. These 200 samples are divided based on their sex and ages that have been explained at Chapter 3. 4.2 Bivariat Test Bivariat data analysis was done in order to see the difference between customer that uses the transaction using an ATM and the customer that uses transaction using DEBIT based on sex and age on the Bank ʺXʺ period of October 2008 until February 2010. This analysis includes normality test, the average difference. 4.2.1 Normality Test In order to see the normality of the data, the next step is conducting a normality test using Kolmogorof Smirnov test. 4.2.1.1 Normality Test for ATM and DEBIT Transactions Use H0: The data on the use of ATM and DEBIT transactions are normally distributed. H1: The data on the use of ATM and DEBIT transactions are not normally distributed. 26
α = 5% Test Criteria: 1. Accept H0 if P Value (Sig) > 0,05 2. Reject H0 if P Value (Sig) < 0,05 Test Statistic: One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test N Normal Parameters a,b Mean Std. Deviation Most Extreme Differences Absolute Positive Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data. ATM DEBIT 200 200 6.3947.7229 5.37178.79039.124.180.108.140 -.124 -.180 1.747 2.548.004.000 Based on the table above it can be seen that the P value (sig) for ATM is worth 0.004, while for data DEBIT worth 0,000. Since its value is smaller than 0.05, then H0 is rejected. That is, data on the use of ATM and DEBIT transactions are not normally distributed. This condition can also be seen from the figure 4.2.1.1.1 and figure 4.2.1.1.2 as the following curves: 27
Figure 4.2.1.1.1 Normality Test Curve of ATM Transaction 50 40 Frequency 30 20 10 Mean = 6.3947 Std. Dev. = 5.37178 N = 200 0 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 ATM Figure 4.2.1.1.2 Normality Test Curve of DEBIT Transaction 70 60 50 Frequency 40 30 20 10 Mean = 0.7229 Std. Dev. = 0.79039 N = 200 0 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 DEBIT If the form of the curve is close to a symmetrical pattern, then the data is assumed normal distribution. As can be seen, the form of the curve above does not follow the symmetrical pattern. Therefore, it 28
can be concluded that the data on the use of ATM and DEBIT transactions are not normally distributed. 4.2.1.2 Normality Test for Sex Difference, Between Male and Female H0: The data by sex on the use of ATM and DEBIT normal distribution. H1: The data by sex on the use of ATM and DEBIT not normally distributed. α = 5% Test Criteria: 1. Accept H0 if P Value (Sig) > 0,05 2. Reject H0 if P Value (Sig) < 0,05 Test Statistic: One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test N Normal Parameters Most Extreme Differences Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. a,b Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data. Mean Std. Deviation Absolute Positive Negative Male Female 100 100 4.0535 3.0642 3.25351 2.27596.138.103.138.103 -.118 -.098 1.383 1.028.044.242 Based on the table above it can be seen that the P value (sig) based on male sex is worth 0.044, because its value is smaller than 0.05, then H0 is rejected. That is, the data that based on the male sex on the use 29
of ATM and DEBIT not normally distributed. On the other hand, based on the female sex is worth 0.242. Since its value is greater than 0.05, hence H0 is accepted. That is, the data that data based on female sex in the use of ATM and DEBIT normal distribution. This condition can also be seen from figure 4.2.1.2 and figure 4.2.1.3 as the following curves: Figure 4.2.1.2 Normality Test Curve of Male in Use of ATM and DEBIT 25 20 Frequency 15 10 5 Mean = 4.0535 Std. Dev. = 3.25351 N = 100 0 0.00 5.00 10.00 Male 15.00 20.00 30
Figure 4.2.1.3 Normality Test Curve of Female in Use of ATM and DEBIT 20 15 Frequency 10 5 Mean = 3.0641 Std. Dev. = 2.27596 N = 100 0 0.00 2.00 4.00 Female 6.00 8.00 10.00 If the form the curve is close to a symmetrical pattern, then the data is assumed normal distribution. As summary, based on normality test based on sex differences, for male sex on the use of ATM and DEBIT transaction, H0 rejected, so the data is not normally distributed, on the other hand, for female sex on the use of ATM and DEBIT transaction, H0 is accepted, so the data is normally distributed. 4.2.1.3 Normality Test Based on Age Differences H0: The data by age differences on the use of ATM and DEBIT normal distribution. 31
H1: Data based on age differences on the use of ATM and DEBIT not normally distributed. α = 5% Criteria Test: 1. Accept H0 if P Value (Sig) > 0,05 2. Reject H0 if P Value (Sig) < 0,05 Test Statistic: N Normal Paramet a,b Mean Std. Deviation Most Extreme Differences Absolute Positive Negative Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data. One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test < 21 years21-25 years26-30 years31-35 years36-40 years41-45 years46-50 years51-55 years56-60 years> 60 years 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 2.1529 4.1501 4.0044 2.7706 4.0000 3.1103 4.1058 5.1632 3.3325 2.7985 4.20333 5.35845 4.68126 3.25976 6.19820 4.08915 4.86447 6.28067 4.05371 3.47611.348.223.243.305.266.234.245.274.207.273.348.223.243.305.265.234.245.274.207.273 -.304 -.219 -.196 -.203 -.266 -.223 -.199 -.206 -.206 -.210 2.200 1.409 1.535 1.929 1.680 1.482 1.551 1.731 1.309 1.729.000.038.018.001.007.025.016.005.065.005 Based on the table above, it can be seen that the P value (sig) age of most of its value smaller than 0.05, then H0 is rejected. That is, data based on age on the use of ATM and DEBIT not normally distributed. This condition can also be seen from the curves of SPSS output 13:00 in appendix. 4.3 Tendency of People Using ATM and DEBIT Transaction ATM card is one of services gadget that is provided by the institution in order to facilitate the customer the easiness to do several payment or transactions that need direct access to their money at their account. Further, this facility not only can be used at the ATM machine but also at EDC machine as DEBIT transaction. In this term, the author would like to see the tendency of people in using their ATM card, which one is more preferable to be used, ATM transaction or DEBIT transaction. 32
In order to find out the answer of research questions, the author conducting comparison test. This test was conducted to see whether there is any difference available in the term of ATM and DEBIT transactions usage. Since the results of previous testing showed that the data on the use of ATM and DEBIT not a normal distribution, then use the Mann Whitney test for paired data. Table 4.3 Comparison of Use of ATM and DEBIT Transactions Transaction Transaction Significance ATM DEBIT 6,39468 5,371778 0,72294 0,790392 X (SD) Median 5,4415 0,5585 ZMW = 14,859 p = 0,000 Range 0,176 36,000 0,000 5,706 Information: ZMW = Mann Whitney Table 4.3 describes the comparison between the use of ATM and DEBIT transactions. In transactions choices, we can conclude that there are significant differences between the use of ATM and DEBIT. It can be seen from the p value (0.000) <0.05. Averages on the use of ATM (6.39468) are larger than the average usage DEBIT (0.72294). This indicates that the use of ATM transactions is more widely used than DEBIT transaction. This huge differences can be happen because of several factors, for example, people knows ATM better than DEBIT transaction, or EDC machine that is used for DEBIT transaction is have a high dependence on the existing telephone network, so as the problem in facing the telephone network failure, then the machine cannot be used. In addition, there is also Credit Card 33
service, which has a bonus offer such discounted fees to users so that the consumer would rather make payments using Credit Cards. So, from the data above based on the p value and user average, the people tendency in using ATM transaction is higher compared to purchase their money via DEBIT transaction. 4.4 Comparison of ATM and DEBIT Transaction by Sex and Age. When we are queuing up at the ATM centre, have we ever consider which one is more, male or female, teenager, adult, or elder. Further, when we are queuing at supermarket to pay for our grocery, clothes, or accessories, have we ever notice is the customer pay using cash or DEBIT? Who is queuing in front of you or in the back of you, are there more male of female that use DEBIT as their payment transaction? In this section, the author curious is there any differences in person using their ATM and DEBIT transaction based on their sex and age. 4.4.1 Comparison of Use of ATM and DEBIT Transactions by Sex and Age. This test was conducted in order to see whether there is any significant difference available in the use of ATM and DEBIT transactions based on sex and age. Since the results of previous testing showed that the data on the use of ATM and DEBIT based on sex and age are not normally distributed, the next step that is taken is process the data using the Mann Whitney Test. 34
Based on the table 4.4.1, it can be seen if there is any significant difference appear for the use of ATM and Debit transactions can be viewed according to sex and age: 1. At the age of 21 years less than the average difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female and male showed no significant difference. 2. At the age of 21 to 25 years difference in average ATM usage by sex of female and male showed no significantly different, whereas for DEBIT use by sex of female and male showed a significant difference. 3. At the age between 26 to 30 years the average difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female sex and male showed a significant difference. 4. At the age between 31 to 35 years the average difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female sex and male showed a significant difference. 5. At the age between 36 to 40 years difference in average ATM usage by sex women and male showed a significant difference, while for the use DEBIT based female sex and male showed no significant difference. 6. At the age between 41 to 45 years difference in average ATM usage by female and male showed a significant difference, while for the use DEBIT based female and male showed no significant difference. 7. At the age of 46 to 50 years the average difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female and male showed a significant difference. 35
Table 4.4.1 Comparison of Use of ATM and DEBIT Transaction Based on Sex and Age Age < 21 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 > 60 Sex ATM Average DEBIT Male 4.158 0.017 Female 4.675 0.258 p-value 0.443 0.000 Male 7.742 0.458 Female 7.742 0.892 p-value 0.799 0.014 Male 9.083 1.300 Female 5.792 0.833 p-value 0.000 0.014 Male 5.950 0.975 Female 3.558 0.558 p-value 0.000 0.014 Male 9.125 0.700 Female 5.608 0.883 p-value 0.000 0.178 Male 5.817 0.633 Female 4.375 0.825 p-value 0.005 0.143 Male 9.525 1.592 Female 4.842 1.000 p-value 0.000 0.001 Male 10.175 1.733 Female 8.358 0.900 p-value 0.033 0.000 Male 7.125 0.375 Female 5.883 0.508 p-value 0.060 0.068 Male 5.400 0.992 Female 4.167 0.142 p-value 0.008 0.000 Information: Mann Whitney Test (P_value value <0.05, it means there is a difference) 8. At the age between 51 to 55 years the average difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female and male showed a significant difference. 36
9. At the age between 56 to 60 years the averagee difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female and male showed no significant difference. 10. At the age of 60 years above the average difference in the use of ATM and DEBIT based female and male showed a significant difference. So, in summary, from 10 clusters group based on sex and age, there are only two groups that have no significant differences in ATM transaction usage. It means thatt there is a huge differences in the way male and female use ATM transaction. Besides, in DEBIT transaction there are only three groups that have no significant differences in DEBIT usage transaction. It means that there is a huge difference in the way male and female use DEBIT transaction too. To see the differences between male and female differences in ATM and DEBIT transaction more specifically, it will be explain as follows. Figure 4.4.1 Average Use of ATM Transaction Based on Age Average 10.0000 ATM 5.0000 0.0000 < 21 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 > 60 Age 37
Figure 4.4.1 explains about the average of frequency of ATM transaction usage at 17 months period based on customer age. It can be seen that the highest average use of ATM transaction based on age has its highest point at age 51 55 years and the least at age < 20 years. Thus, it can be said that people in age 51 55 years old is the most people that use ATM transaction based on age. As the contrarily, peoplee at age under 21 years are rarely withdrawal their money via ATM. Figure 4.4.2 Average Use of DEBIT Transaction Based on Age per Month Average DEBIT 2.000 1.000 0.000 < 21 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 Age > 60 Figure 4.4.2 explains about the average of frequency of DEBIT transaction usage at 17 months period based on customer age. It can be seen that the highest average use of DEBIT transaction based on age has its highest point at age 51 55 years and the least at age < 20 years. Thus, it can be said that people in age 51 55 years old is the most people that use DEBIT transaction based on age. As the contrarily, people at age Transaction. under 21 years are rarely use DEBIT So, in summary, it can be said that, yes there are differences in using of ATM and DEBIT transaction based on age. From the research, both, ATM and DEBIT transaction higher usage is found at age range 38
of 51 55 years, and the least usage is found at age range of < 21 years. 39
Figure 4.4.3 Graphic of ATM Transaction Usage during January December 2009 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Jan09 Feb09 Mar09 Apr09 May09 Jun09 Jul09 Agust09 Sep09 Oct09 Nov09 Des09 0 < 21 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 > 60 < 21 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 > 60 MALE FEMALE 40
From the table 4.4.3 there is several information that able to be gathered related to the usage of ATM. At age under 21 years old (< 21) male, we can see the highest ATM transaction is on November, followed by March and the last is January. It is different with female ATM transaction usage at the same age. Female have their highest ATM transaction frequency on December. On December actually, there is Christmas holiday and New Year preparation that could be one of the reasons why the intensity on this month is high. Male at 21 25 years old have their highest ATM transaction at December, the same thing that we can found in female with the same age. However there are some huge differences, where female s lowest point on August, at that time, male use ATM transaction in a high intense. In this age, people found their transition period from teenager into adult. Thus, at this time, people activity is studying or starting their career. Thus, they like to celebrate a huge event like Christmas or preparing New Year. That is why both, male and female having the high ATM transaction at that time. At age 26 30 years old, male have sifting in their ATM transaction usage. On December, where there are a lot of events to be celebrated, the intensity of ATM usage is high, but, it can be seen the intensity is lower compared to the previous group of age. Further, the highest intensity of male ATM transaction usage is moved to May. Almost the same case is happen to the female, there is a shifting in female intensity on ATM transaction usage, which the highest point is found at July, where new school season is beginning. If we consider about our environment, we can see that in this age, female usually have a children in a young age. Thus, it can be one of reasons why female have high intensity in ATM transaction in June. 41
At age 31 35 years old, it is found that the intensity on man using their ATM transaction on December is decreasing. Further, even though the usage at May can be said high, but the highest ATM transaction month in this group age found at February. Female have another tendency at this age group. Even though at this age usually female still facing several spending for their children, but at this time they have the highest point in ATM transaction on August. Other information that can be gathered is that this group (Female at 31 35 years old) is the lowest group in ATM transaction usage. Further, the usage average is lower compared to the previous (21 25 years and 26 30 years) age group for both sexes. At age 36 40 years old, it is found that in both sex, the intensity in ATM transaction usage is increasing compared to the previous age group (31 35 years). At male, we can see the usage of ATM transaction is spreader almost evenly. The highest ATM transaction is on November, and the lowest is July. However, even though July is the lowest transaction at this age group. Further, the average of frequency is high enough compared to average of overall ATM transaction usage. Thus, it can be said that the usage of ATM transaction monthly in this group age on male sex is stable. On female side, the usage of ATM is high on September and May. At age 41 45 years old, at both sexes, male and female, the usage of ATM transaction frequency is intend decrease compared to the previous group. On male, the highest points in ATM transaction happen in June and December. On female, there is something strange going on, where the ATM usage is very low in the month of December. This contradicts with the trend that occurred in December in any other age group. Further, the highest transaction was in March, followed by April. As we know, thereʹs some holiday events 42
that occurred on the march ʺwhich became one of the factors that can encourage high ATM transaction. At age 46 50 years old, the male, there is a drastic increasing in ATM transactions. In this group, the highest ATM transaction in July, followed by March, January, and the lowest was December. However, although the transaction in February is a transaction with the lowest levels in this group, but its value is above the overall average ATM transaction. This shows that the intensity of the use of an ATM transaction is very high in this group. Whereas, female group shows the overall ATM transactions are still stable even as the previous group. However, this group the high ATM transaction happens in August, and like the other age groups December also has a high level of transactions. At age 51 55 years old, the male, overall ATM transactions conducted in this age group is very high as in the previous age group (51 55 years old).the highest ATM transaction is in this age group. This condition happens in March. This month there is several holiday and vacation together events that can encourage the increase in ATM transactions are very high. Further, level of usage of ATM transactions in January, although not as high as in the previous group, but it is still in the top three highest ATM transaction usage in this group. Tendency of the use of transactions in January were high. While the lowest use of ATM transactions are in October, but its value is still high because it is still within the range of average overall use of ATM transactions. In female, there was a drastic increasing in the level of ATM transaction usage, although not as high as that occurred in the group of male, actually, this group is the highest female group that uses ATM transaction. The highest transaction 43
usage in this group occurred in January, followed by April, and August. At age 56 60 years old, the use of ATM transactions seems began to fall again. This condition is not only happening in the group of male sex, but also female. However, the male still have a quite high use of ATM transactions, among all the highest is in September which is likely caused by the Eid holiday and vacation, and then followed by January and March. On the other side, in female, the use of ATM transactions in this group tend to be low, there is only 3 months with average usage of ATM transactions above average of overall use of ATM transactions. In the months, the highest was in October, followed by September and December. In this age group, usually people who are in the second stage of retirement age, so there is a decrease in the level of need. Whereas in the months that there are several events that enhance the needs of holiday celebrations like Eid, Christmas, New Yearʹs preparation, and leave together. At age > 60 years old, in this age range, from both sexes, male and female, both are back to show the trend of reduced usage of ATM transactions. The male, in certain months can still be seen the use of ATM transactions are quite high, this can be seen from the average usage of ATM transactions in that month is still within the range of average overall use of ATM transactions. Months are sorted from highest was in October, August, and March. While the female was no use of ATM transactions is well above average usage of ATM transactions as a whole. But in this group (Female,> 60) the highest transaction was conducted in April, followed by May and March. If we consider, at the level of retirement age or are not productive, the use of ATM transactions will be on the wane. 44
Figure 4.4.4 Graphic of DEBIT Transaction Usage during January December 2009 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Jan09 Feb09 Mar09 Apr09 May09 Jun09 Jul09 Agust09 Sep09 Oct09 Nov09 Des09 0 < 21 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 > 60 < 21 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50 51 55 56 60 > 60 MALE FEMALE 45
From the figure 4.4.4 we can see that at the group of age < 21, the usage of DEBIT transaction is very low. In this group of age, female have higher DEBIT transaction compared to male. The male group use DEBIT transaction only at December. This condition could be happen because at this age group so many people are still in a phase of adolescent age. Thus, it is possible that many of them are still given pocket money to buy a specific need. In the group of men, use only the DEBIT transaction occurred in December. Transaction usage in December possibly occurs because of specific event holidays like Christmas and New Yearʹs preparations. While the female group already apparent the sustainable use, although it still below the overall average utilization DEBIT transaction. Further, it can be seen that the highest number of transactions happen in November and August, while the lowest occurred in September. At age 21 25 years old, it can be seen the increasing usage of Debit transactions on both phases of this age group, male and female. The transaction usage in the group of male began to happen at every month, the highest there in September, followed by October and December. One of the factors driving the increasing usage of the DEBIT transaction is because in the phase of this age, people are more independent and trusted within their own finances. In addition, in the months that there was indeed some holiday events such as Eid, which is normally the ceremonial event together with either family or relatives, while also moment of Christmas and New Year Preparation. In the group of female using such high transaction occurred in June, followed by April, and October. At age 26 30 years old, in this age group can be seen opposite trend between male and female. In the group of men increasing usage of DEBIT transaction is significant. The highest usage can be seen at 46
October and December. This situation still illustrates the increasing usage of DEBIT transactions. At the time several events ahead of the celebration of holidays like Christmas and New Yearʹs preparations. While in the female group, there is a decrease in the use DEBIT transaction occurred earlier than the previous age group although not significant. Only fluctuations in the average monthly usage of Debit transactions that occurred in this age group is greater compared to the previous age. The highest usage can be found in July that coincides with school holidays as well as preparation for entering the new school year. In this group phase, usually the female is women who already have children in school age. While the use of DEBIT transactions are the lowest in May. At age 31 35 years old, in this age group both in male to female was seen a decrease in the use of Debit transactions. In the male group, use the highest transaction in July, followed by November, and December. It can be seen in this month there is a tendency DEBIT transaction usage in the event of certain even, including school holidays and preparation for the new school year, as well as preparation for Christmas and New Year. In this age range, the male are usually people who have children at the school age. So that there is an indication that the increase of DEBIT transaction is in line with the needs associated with fulfilling the needs in the face of the new school. While in the female group there was an increase use of such high transaction in August, September, and the peak in October At age 36 40 years old, in this age group the transaction usage tend to differ, where the male group showed a decrease while the female group showed an increase in the use of DEBIT transaction. In the male group, the use of DEBIT transaction occurred in November, followed by August, September and December. The high level of 47
usage of Debit transactions, such as previous groups, occurred at times when the existence of certain events such as holidays, religious events, such as Eid and Christmas, as well as preparation for the New Year. While in the female group the situation was not much different, still like the other groups, the level DEBIT transaction usage is also high at times of occurrence or ceremonial events such as holidays, Christmas and New Year preparations. At age 41 45 years old, in this age group, both male and female groups did not change much from the trend of the previous age group. In the male group, the movement of the use of less volatile DEBIT transactions compared with the previous age group. This group can be found using the highest transaction in June. While in the female group, there is the highest transaction in June and October, in the months that there are still some holiday events. At age 46 50 years old, the male group, there is a drastic increase in DEBIT transactions. In this group, the highest DEBIT transaction in October, followed by June, and the lowest was March. However, although the transaction in March is a transaction with the lowest levels in this group, but its value is above the overall average DEBIT transaction. This shows that the intensity of the use of DEBIT transaction is very high in this group. Whereas in women, the overall DEBIT transaction is still stable as the previous group. However, in this group a high DEBIT transaction happens in May, besides, June also has a high level of transactions. This group holds the highest DEBIT transaction usage track. At age 51 55 years old, the male, overall DEBIT transactions conducted in this age group is higher than the previous age group (51 55 years old). Thus, it can be said that the highest of overall 48
DEBIT transaction is in this age group. This highest usage of DEBIT transaction happens in March, followed by June and August. This month there is several holiday and sale season events that can encourage the increasing in DEBIT transactions. Further, in female group, the usage of DEBIT transaction almost stable like the previous age group. Actually, this group is the highest female group that uses ATM transaction. The highest transaction usage in this group occurred in January, followed by April, and August. At age 56 60 years old, the use of DEBIT transactions seems began to fall again. This condition is not only happening in the group of male, but also female. The male still have some use of DEBIT transactions are around the average level, this condition happens in January and September which is likely caused by the Eid holiday and sale season. Female have higher DEBIT transaction usage than the male. However, the use of DEBIT transaction that around the average of overall DEBIT transaction usage is only happen at August and December. At August, there is usually the sale season in order to welcoming the Independence Day and at December, there is holiday for Christmas and welcoming New Year. Several possible reasons why this low condition happens to male and female, usually, at this age, people are in the second phase of retirement age condition in which they have less needed to be filled. At age > 60 years old, there are almost huge differences in DEBIT transaction between male and female. The male group shows an increasing in DEBIT transaction usage. There are a lot of transactions that exceed the average overall DEBIT transaction usage. Further, the highest DEBIT transaction usage is happen at July, followed by December, then September and October. The high intensity in DEBIT transaction usage is happen in the months that have holiday event 49
like Eid and Christmas holiday, New Year preparation, and sale season. On the other hand, there are some DEBIT transactions that happen in female group. However none of those transactions able to reach the overall average, while in some months, there is no DEBIT transaction usage detected. The highest DEBIT transaction is happen in April, followed by June. Since the transaction usage is under the average, this consumption seems only to fill their basic needed. In order to see the differences clearer, the explanation that is describe the comparison of ATM and DEBIT transaction usage, the author provide the monthly data in which we can compare both, male and female transaction, and see which group is more dominate the transaction. The information as follow; Table 4.4.2 Mean of ATM and DEBIT Transaction per Month MONTH MEAN ATM DEBIT Jan09 6,635 0,59 Feb09 5,865 0,55 Mar09 6,250 0,67 Apr09 6,025 0,715 May09 6,535 0,695 Jun09 6,495 0,895 Jul09 6,355 0,92 Aug09 6,605 0,82 Sep09 6,825 0,935 Oct09 6,565 0,79 Nov09 6,335 0,845 Des09 6,970 0,92 p-value 1,000 0,371 (P_value value <0.05, it means there is a difference) Based on table 4.4.2, it can be seen that the maximum average value per month for ATM transaction was happened in December 2009 marked by red color, while for the use of Debit transactions occurred in September 2009, marked by red color. For a minimum monthly 50
average for ATM and Debit transactions occurred in February 2009, marked by blue color. P value based on values in the table above, for the value of the use of ATM transactions> 0.05, it indicates that the stretcher to the use of ATM transactions per month, there is no significant differences. While the use of transaction DEBIT show transaction value >0.05, it indicates that the DEBIT transaction per month, there were no significant differences. Figure 4.4.5 describes about the monthly ATM transaction usage by every cluster group. From this graphic, we able to see which group are the highest user in each month. January is the time that people welcoming the New Year. Thus, New Year holiday and sale season are available in this time. Here we can see that group of Male, 51 55 years old have the highest ATM transaction usage at this month, followed by Female, 51 55 years old, and Male, 45 50 years old. As it can be seen in this kind of age group entering retirement age where they begin to adapt to a new kind of life and many live in the home or travel to visit family, or just a walk. Thus, it is possible for them to have a high ATM transaction level. Following January, this condition happens in February too. Further, we can see that there is also Male, 41 45 years old that have a high ATM transaction usage. However, February have lower ATM transaction usage than January. It is possible that in this time, after a huge expenditure, they try to stabilize their expenses. At March, male still hold the highest ATM transaction usage. At this time, Male, 31 35 then followed by Male, 51 55, and Female 51 55. 51
Figure 4.4.5 Graphic of Monthly ATM Transaction Usage during January December 2009 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Jan09 Feb09 Mar09 Apr09 May09 Jun09 Jul09 Agust09 Sep09 Oct09 Nov09 Des09 MALE < 21 MALE 21 25 MALE 26 30 MALE 31 35 MALE 36 40 MALE 41 45 MALE 46 50 MALE 51 55 MALE 56 60 MALE > 60 FEMALE < 21 FEMALE 21 25 FEMALE 26 30 FEMALE 31 35 FEMALE 36 40 FEMALE 41 45 FEMALE 46 50 FEMALE 51 55 FEMALE 56 60 FEMALE > 60 52
Further, we can see that the lowest ATM transaction usage is Female 31 35. This indicated that there is an inverse in male and female at age 31 35 years old habit in ATM transaction usage at March. At April, the highest ATM transaction usage is hold by Female, 51 55, followed by Male, 46 50, and Male at 26 30. ATM usage at April stable from the previous month, March, it may happen since there is no special event that happens in this month. At May, the highest ATM transaction usage is hold by Male, 26 30, followed by Male, 46 50. ATM transaction in May is less than the previous month. This can be as a compensation act to stabilize the previous high spending. At June, the highest ATM transaction is hold by Male 51 55, followed by Male, 46 50. In this month, we can see the increasing of ATM transaction usage. At July, the highest ATM transaction is hold by Male 46 50, followed by Male 51 55, and Male 26 30. It can be said that July is dominated by Male. However, there is Female, 26 30 that have a high ATM transaction usage too. If we identified, at July there is several event like holiday and preparation of new school year. Besides there is Male at age 46 50, Male and Female at age 26 30 those possibly have children at school age. At August, the highest ATM transaction is hold by Male 51 55. As we can see the people tendency of ATM transaction usage is high enough. At this month, people celebrate the Independence Day in which there are a lot of sale offers as one of many ways in enliven the celebration. Thus, it can be one of reasons that increase the ATM transaction usage. 53
At September, the ATM transaction usage is high at Male from 46 to 60 years old and Female, 36 40. Further, the ATM transaction usage at September is high enough. Actually, in this month there is Eid celebration, where holiday and sale also available in this month. This can be one of factors that can increase the ATM transaction usage. At October, it can be seen a decrease in the ATM transaction usage. It is possibly as the impact from the previous usage that high enough in which people want to stabilize their expense. However, ATM transaction usage still high for Male, 26 30 and 46 50. Further, November has almost the same condition with October. At December, there is an increasing in ATM transaction usage. Actually there are several events that happen in this month like Christmas and New Year preparation, where a lot of holiday and sale season as factors that push the high ATM transaction usage. In summary, there is a high ATM transaction usage when facing several events like Eid holiday, Christmas, New Year, and several sale season that push people in spending their money. Further, male is use more ATM transaction than female and it is found that in age 51 55 years old is the highest group that use ATM transaction. It can be happen as the compensation in facing their retirement age. Figure 4.4.6 describes about the monthly DEBIT transaction usage by every cluster group. From this graphic, we able to see which group are the highest user in each month. Actually, what happen in DEBIT transaction usage is not much different from the condition of ATM transaction usage. There are several factors that influence the usage of ATM transaction. For example, at January, there is holiday in welcoming New Year event. At June and July people will facing new school year holiday 54
and preparation. In this moment, several age groups, especially which have children at school age will have higher DEBIT transaction usage than other. It can be seen from the graphic that male at age 26 to 35 years old have a high DEBIT transaction in this time. Further, female at 26 30 years old also have a very high DEBIT transaction that almost not happen in other time. At August, people usually celebrate the Independence Day, to celebrate this moment of the shopping places usually offer various discounts. These discounts usually are encouraging people to spend more often so that it affects the use of Debit transactions at that time. So the use of Debit transactions at this time increased compared to the month of July. Later in September, there is one of the most important moments of Eid. At this moment there are also holidays, vacation together and the various discounts offered. This is like the previous time encouraging people to make expenditures that are beyond their habits. Different from the celebrations that occurred in August or July, Eid ceremonial this event than the event there is also a tradition where the inter relationships or family members give present each other and come together so that expenditures would be greater. In October, it can be seen a decreasing in the use of Debit transactions. 55
Figure 4.4.6 Graphic of Monthly DEBIT Transaction Usage during January December 2009 3 MALE < 21 MALE 21 25 2.5 MALE 26 30 MALE 31 35 MALE 36 40 2 MALE 41 45 MALE 46 50 MALE 51 55 1.5 MALE 56 60 MALE > 60 FEMALE < 21 FEMALE 21 25 1 FEMALE 26 30 FEMALE 31 35 FEMALE 36 40 0.5 FEMALE 41 45 FEMALE 46 50 0 Jan09 Feb09 Mar09 Apr09 May09 Jun09 Jul09 Agust09 Sep09 Oct09 Nov09 Des09 FEMALE 51 55 FEMALE 56 60 FEMALE > 60 56
This condition possibly happen because of the stability of their expenses after huge expenditure incurred within a period of three months. Moreover there is the possibility that they will do other large expenses in the months ahead. In November, the use of Debit transactions increased again. This is possible because of the discounts that are offered in welcoming events in December. In this month, the highest DEBIT transaction user is Male, 26 30, same as in October. In December, the increasing use of debit transactions, this is the case, predicted because of certain things such as Christmas that trigger the occurrence of various discounts and preparation for the New Year. These trigger an increase in expenditures. The existence of these preparations indicated from users who are a group of Male, 21 to 30 years old and Female < 21 to 23 years old that are on average younger generation who still unmarried and love come together and hold certain events. Further, the Male and Female in the age 40 55, they also the use of high DEBIT transaction at this time. In this age group, people usually the person who is married and celebrate the events concerning family activities such as Christmas. We can see, the use of Debit transactions as a whole is dominated by male groups, especially in the age range 51 55 and is followed by a male aged 45 50. While the female use of high transaction contained in the age range 45 50 years and followed by the age range 51 55. If we look at the age range of the people above, the range of their age is the age that entered the time of retirement. The increase in expenditures can be one way to adapt the changing of habits which become longer productive outside the office or make preparation for 57
the retirement itself. However, the highest DEBIT transaction is hold by Female, 45 50 years old that happen in May. So, as a summary of Debit transactions usage are still dominated by male groups, particularly in the age range 51 55 years. As for some of the factors that encourage high levels of usage among DEBIT transaction due to events that increase expenditures such as vacations, preparations for the new school year, all season discounts, Eid and Christmas. So, it can be said that the level of expenditure made by a person will affect their usage to usage DEBIT transaction. 4.5 ATM and DEBIT Usage Trend What about the trend of ATM and DEBIT transaction? Is it increasing, decreasing, stable, or fluctuating? Every month, we have a different needs, so we will have a different level of consumption and expenses, there are several factors that may distinguish our needs, one of them is the existence of certain events, such as for example in the holiday season, a new academic year, Christmas, Eid, or even a new year that forced us to do our consumption exceeds consumption in times of such events there is no exist. Here is a graph showing the trends in the use of ATM and DEBIT on the Bank ʺXʺ period October 2008 until February 2010. 58
Figure 4.5.1 Average use of ATMs period October 2008 until February 2010 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0.000 Oct Nov Des Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma y Jun Jul Agu st Sep Oct Nov Des Jan Feb 2008 2009 2010 ATM Average 5.2 6.6 6.5 6.6 5.8 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.9 6.2 6.5 Figure 4.5.1 shows the trend of ATM transaction usage during October 2008 to February 2010. Although the movement shows fluctuating flow, but overall, the graphic shows the development tend to increasing. If we looking out the trend of ATM usage, we can see that in December, there are always in a high condition of usage, it can be happen because there are a lot of event that happen in December like Christmas and preparing the New Year event. At January, people still facing the holiday season thus, it is possible that in January the ATM transaction usage is also high. At June and July, these months are usually the new school year that the consumption of school equipment will increase. Thus, in these months the transaction is possible in the high point too. 59
Figure 4.5.2 Average DEBIT Usage Period October 2008 until February 2010 1.000 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 Oct Nov Des Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Agu st Sep Oct Nov Des Jan Feb 2008 2009 2010 DEBIT Average 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 Figure 4.5.2 shows the trend of DEBIT transaction usage during October 2008 to February 2010. The movement shows fluctuating flow. From October 2008 until December 2009 the development tend to increasing, but from the beginning 2010 the graphic shows a fairly sharp decreasing. From the graph we can see the seasonal trend like what we saw at the ATM trend in certain months have events in which the withdrawal of money will increase to meet the needs, then trends in the use DEBIT transaction will be at high level, this can be found in December, where the Christmas event and preparation for new year, and will slightly decrease but remained high in January. Things in place because there are balancing spending, but people still face the holiday season so that high spending is still done. Expenditure will decline further in February. In June and July where there is a new school year, the expenditure for the school will remount so that pushing the emergence of the increase in June and July, after that the same condition repeated in December and beyond. 60
Figure 4.5.3 Average use of ATMs and DEBIT Period October 2008 until February 2010 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 0.000 Oct Nov Des Jan Feb Ma r Apr Ma y Jun Jul Agu st Sep Oct Nov Des Jan Feb 2008 2009 2010 ATM Average 5.2 6.6 6.5 6.6 5.8 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.9 6.2 6.5 DEBIT Average 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 Figure 4.5.3 above shows the trend of ATM and DEBIT usage. From the graphic we can see there is a gap between ATM and DEBIT usage, that ATM has higher average usage than DEBIT average usage. In development, there is an uncertain correlation between ATM and DEBIT usage trend. At certain times there is a trend where both transactions in the contrary condition, where an ATM has decreased while the DEBIT increased and otherwise. However, there are also times when the condition has same trend, whereby when the ATM increased, the DEBIT also increased and otherwise. So, it can be said that there is no strong evidence that shows the usage of ATM influence the DEBIT usage. The usage of ATM is increasing, this condition also possibly happen to DEBIT usage, since from the previous trend, at January to February 2009 the trend of DEBIT usage is decreasing, but at March 2009 the usage of DEBIT is increasing. So, this trend is possibly repeated this year. 61