Challenges for Sustainable Urban Development in Asia Michael Lindfield

Challenges for Sustainable Urban Development in Asia Michael Lindfield

A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Urban Development Sustainable Development Goals Building Assets for Implementation Investment Institutions Environment Economy Social Development

An Implementation Framework for Sustainable Urban Development Sustainable Development Goals Implementation Framework Investment Policy and Planning Institutions Finance Project Development

Asia s Urban Challenge

Rise in pollution and sea levels puts trillions in economic output and hundreds of millions of people at risk Urgent need for efficiency gains, reduction in pollution and GHGs and integrated planning for adaptation and mitigation Map of Metro Manila

City Country National Population -mill 2012 National GDP - $b 2012 City Population -mill 2012 Economic Product - $b 2012 Percentage National GDP Shanghai China 1360.8 8358.4 18.6 516.5 6.18% Mumbai India 1239.8 1841.7 21.9 227.0 12.33% Jakarta Indonesia 249.9 878.0 19.2 224.7 25.59% Manila Philippines 99.1 250.3 20.7 153.7 61.41% Bangkok Thailand 65.9 365.6 10.1 262.4 71.77% Tokyo Japan 127.2 5959.7 37.7 1520.0 25.50% Sydney Australia 23.4 1520.6 4.0 203.0 13.35% Denmark 5.6 314.2 Bangladesh 152.5 115.6

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Prevalence of slums in Asia s cities (% of urban population) South Asia East Asia West Asia South-East Asia

Needed: Integrated Multi-Level Implementation Framework Levels of Implementation Institutions National Sub-national/ Regional Metro/ City A best practice infrastructure framework: Policy and planning providing effective coordination across levels, sectors and jurisdictions Defines agency responsibilities and funding for project development and performance-based implementation Integrated with appropriate government and capital market financing mechanisms

Policy and Planning Practice Framework needs to provide an enabling environment: Form of the strategy/ plan: includes agency responsibilities matches responsibilities with budget allocations embody mechanisms for involving both the private sector and the community; Effective nesting set of strategies/ plans: national strategy complements strategies of other levels of government, provides mechanisms to enhance collaboration between agencies in preparing strategies The cross-sectoral reach: encompasses all types of infrastructure Guidance on implementation of other strategies through the strategy/ plan Effective linkages with other relevant strategies. In addition to exhibiting these characteristics, best practice frameworks for planning: Are cross-jurisdictional in reach Are flexible, performance-based and responsive to changing circumstances Are enforced.

Project Development Practice Framework needs to provide an enabling environment: For small scale projects which need: An adequate planning context An asset management plan identifying the investment and a budget for it To be subject to cost benefit analysis. For large scale projects determining urban economic, social and/or environmental outcomes, which need: Concepts developed in the context of comprehensive socio-economic assessments Performance criteria developed so investment solutions are not predetermined Prefeasibility studies done to assess investment options and potential implementation and financing structures Feasibility study and due diligence processes which preserve the potential for options for innovative project solutions from contractors and financiers Market sounding and bid preparation processes responsive to market conditions Bid processes which are efficient and effective ensuring competition but providing incentives for physical and financial innovation Transparent bid assessments based on defined performance criteria and including cost benefit analysis.

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