Latin America Outlook 3Q18 - PDF Free Download

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 1 Latin America Outlook 3Q18 July

Key messages Global growth remains robust, but risks also increase. Robust growth in the US on the back of fiscal stimulus. Growth stable in China, but coming down in Europe. Global risks increase due to chances of a trade war and tighter international financing conditions Growth in Latin America recovers, but heterogeneously. Growth will move from 1.2% in to 1.3% in and 2.1% in. We revise down growth in Argentina and Brazil, affected by financial volatility and idiosyncratic factors. Conversely, we revise growth upwards in Mexico, Colombia and Peru, on the back of strong growth data at the beginning of Central Banks in South America (except Argentina) will start raising interest rates in, given controlled inflation and the recovery of domestic demand. Argentina and Mexico will resume rate cuts in the short run, when inflationary risks subside Increasing risks associated with protectionism and tighter international financial conditions. On the internal front, the main risks are political noise in Brazil, an increase of social tensions in Argentina and possible delays in public and private investment in several countries

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 3 Contents 01 02 Global outlook: Global growth continues, but risks also intensify Latin America: A heterogeneous recovery

01 Global outlook: Global growth continues, but risks also intensify BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 4

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 5 Global growth continues, but risks are intensifying 01 The pace of global expansion is being maintained, but is less synchronised Growth is robust in the US due to the fiscal stimulus and stable in China, but it has been reduced in Europe 02 Increased protectionism At the moment, its impact on growth is limited, but it could be greater if the measures under discussion were to be implemented 03 Increase in the price of oil Higher inflation and drag on growth in oil-importing countries 04 Different pace of monetary normalisation in Europe and the United States Strengthening of the dollar and tightening of global financial conditions 05 More volatility in emerging markets Increased financial tensions due to increased financing costs and protectionist threats 06 Global risks are intensifying The possibility of a trade war comes together with greater risks in emerging economies and in Europe

Jun-13 Dec-13 Jun-14 Dec-14 Jun-15 Dec-15 Jun-16 Dec-16 Jun-17 Jun-18 Robust global economy despite growing uncertainty BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 6 World GDP growth (Forecasts based on BBVA-GAIN, % QoQ) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 Global growth continues, supported by private consumption and investment, but with growing differences by region World trade continues to show a positive trend, although it is losing momentum and still does not reflect the protectionist escalation Confidence indicators show some moderation, but remain at high levels CI 20% CI 40% CI 60% Point Estimates Period average Source: BBVA Research

Limited effect of approved tariff increases, but significant if those being discussed are implemented BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 7 Effect on GDP growth of US tariff increases and the response by other countries (-19, pp) 0.00-0.05-0.10 The tariff increases approved by the US would have a limited direct impact. Indirect effects, via economic confidence and financial channel, could be felt in 2H18-0.15-0.20-0.25-0.30-0.35-0.40-0.45 Current measures World US China Eurozone Measures under discussion With a protectionist escalation, the negative effect on growth would also be significant in the US The effect, smaller in Europe, would differ by country and would, above all, affect Germany and the countries in Eastern Europe The growth of global GDP could be reduced by around 0.2 pp just due to the trade channel Measures announced: tariff increase to 25% on steel, 10% on aluminium and 25% on Chinese imports for a value of US$50 billion. Measures under discussion: Tariff increases up to 20% on cars and Chinese imports for a value of US$200 billion. Source: BBVA Research

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 8 The rise in the price of oil will push inflation upwards and could weigh down growth Upward revision of the price of oil and inflation (%) 10 8 6 4 2 0-2 Brent 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5 Eurozone inflation US inflation The increase is due to a reduction in supply. The price will remain relatively stable in and Higher inflation in the euro zone, although below the target, while core inflation will increase gradually from very low levels In the USA the impact will be lower, but inflation will remain above the target in -19 The exit strategy of the Fed and the ECB is reinforced April July Source: BBVA Research

Fed and ECB return to conventional monetary policy each at a different pace BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 9 Assessment Interest rates Reduction of US$450 billion in The pace of rate hikes accelerates in 3.25% 0.50% 1.50% 2.00% 0.75% 2016 0.25% Gradual ending of QE between September and December Delay in rate hikes until September 0% 0% 0% 2016 Refi rate (eop) Forecast (eop) Source: BBVA Research

Mar-13 Sep-13 Mar-14 Sep-14 Mar-15 Sep-15 Mar-16 Sep-16 Mar-17 Sep-17 Mar-18 The strength of the US dollar and higher interest rates are causing an adjustment in emerging markets BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 10 EUR-USD exchange rate and BBVA index of financial tensions in emerging markets 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 The most vulnerable countries are those with the greatest trade deficit and the greatest need for external financing Shift towards a tightening of monetary policy in emerging countries (except China) to avoid further depreciation of their currencies The increase in financial tensions also reflects the intensification of the trade dispute Financial stress in emerging markets (LHS) EURUSD (RHS, inverted) Source: BBVA Research based on Bloomberg

Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Political uncertainty in Italy and Germany weakens the euro and raises peripheral risk premiums BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 11 Prima de riesgo Italia, España y Portugal (pb) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 The reappearance of risk in the periphery is linked, above all, to the political uncertainty in Italy, which is slowing the progress towards European integration Although the Italian risk premium was raised significantly, the contagion to the rest of the countries in the periphery was moderate......which did not prevent a refuge effect on German and US bonds and a sharp depreciation of the euro Spain Italy Portugal Source: BBVA Research based on Bloomberg

Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 12 Protectionism and political factors lead to a growing risk aversion Risk appetite/aversion indicator 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0 "Risk-off mood" "Risk-on mood" Investor sentiment has shifted from a framework of risk-taking (and even a certain complacency) to one of risk aversion The change is causing a rotation of flows between assets: from emerging markets to developed ones, and from equities to bonds Trade tensions could lead to an environment of flight towards quality -1.5 Average from 2014 (max and min) Source: BBVA Research

Stable growth in the US, but a slowdown in other areas BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 13 USA 2.8 2.8 Mexico Eurozone 2.0 1.7 China 6.3 6.0 2.6 2.0 South America 0.9 2.1 World Up Unchanged Down 3.8 3.8 Source: BBVA Research

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 14 US: Growth supported by fiscal stimulus, but approaching the end of the expansive phase USA: GDP growth (% YoY) 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8 Growth has accelerated in the first half of the year, boosted by the fiscal stimulus and the improvement in the labour market 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.3 Trade tensions could weigh down on production and global demand The absorption of the idle capacity of the economy foreshadows the end of the expansive phase of the cycle 0.5 0.0 2015 2016 (f) (f) Current Previous Inflation will temporarily exceed the Fed s target for higher energy prices, but inflation expectations remain anchored Source: BBVA Research based on BEA (Bureau of Economic Analysis) figures

China: Mild moderation of growth thanks to greater stimuli BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 15 China: GDP growth (% YoY) 8.0 7.0 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.3 6.0 The slowdown in growth will continue in the second half of the year, although the data so far is somewhat more positive than expected 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 2015 2016 (f) (f) Policies to tackle financial vulnerabilities continue, but are softened by fiscal and monetary stimulus measures to sustain growth Protectionism threatens the sustainability of exports, as well as the restructuring of the economy Current Previous Source: BBVA Research based on CEIC data

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 16 Eurozone: Rapid transition towards more moderate growth rates Eurozone: GDP growth (% YoY) 3.0 2.5 2.6 The increase in uncertainty and higher oil prices are having an impact on activity, but domestic demand remains solid 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 The depreciation of the euro and global demand will continue to support exports 1.5 1.0 1.7 Economic policies will be somewhat more accommodative: lower rates for longer periods and fiscal relaxation in some countries 0.5 0.0 2015 2016 (f) (f) Current Previous Despite the rebound of inflation in the short term, the underlying rate will only increase gradually, especially in Source: BBVA Research based on Eurostat figures

1Q2014 3Q2014 1Q2015 3Q2015 1Q2016 3Q2016 1Q 3Q 1Q 3Q 1Q 3Q 1Q2020 3Q2020 1Q2014 3Q2014 1Q2015 3Q2015 1Q2016 3Q2016 1Q 3Q 1Q 3Q 1Q 3Q 1Q2020 3Q2020 1Q2014 3Q2014 1Q2015 3Q2015 1Q2016 3Q2016 1Q 3Q 1Q 3Q 1Q 3Q 1Q2020 3Q2020 BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 17 Oil price increases on geopolitical factors. Copper is on track for a gradual easing of prices Brent Crude (US$ per barrel) 110 90 70 50 Soybeans (US$ per metric tonne) 550 500 450 400 350 Copper (US$ per lb.) 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 30 300 2.0 Forecast July Forecast April Forecast July Forecast April Forecast July Forecast April Source: BBVA Research and Bloomberg Oli prices revised up on geopolitical factors (Iran, Venezuela). Prices will start to moderate as US oil export capacity increases and demand stabilizes We continue to anticipate a gradual price correction for copper as speculative positions are reduced and Chinese growth also moderates. The price of soybeans drops significantly on a good US harvest and US-China trade war

Short-term probability BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 18 Global risks: The main one is a trade war, but also those associated with emerging economies and Europe are increasing CHINA High indebtedness: more contained but still high Protectionism: upwards (retaliation) with possible impact on domestic policies (financial stability, reforms) USA CHINA USA EM Severity EZ Protectionism: upwards The Fed exit strategy: high.aggressive rate hikes in the face of a temporary increase in inflation Signs of over-valuation of certain financial assets EUROZONE Political uncertainty: on the upswing, led by Italy. Brexit: risk of a rough departure Protectionism: on the upside with a focus on the auto sector Exit strategy by the ECB: on the downside (delay of rate hikes) EMERGING ECONOMIES Upward. Global risks and domestic vulnerabilities in some countries are raising the risk of a systemic crisis Source: BBVA Research

02 Latin America: A heterogeneous recovery BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 19

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 20 Heterogeneous response of Latin American financial markets to rising US interest rates and dollar appreciation Financial asset prices: percent change over the past three months to 11 July 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10-15 -20 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PER PAR URU Global financial market volatility affected especially Argentina and Brazil with strong FX depreciation and asset price corrections Mexican financial markets were more influenced by prospects of renegotiation of NAFTA Other countries in Latam weathered global volatility relatively well Growth recovery Higher commodity prices Eschange Rate Stock Market Risk Premium *Changes between 1 April and 12 July. Exchange rate: domestic currency / dollar. In this case, increases indicate depreciation. Country risk premium: EMBI. Source: BBVA Research, Haver Analytics and DataStream

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 21 Going forward, gradual depreciation of exchange rates in and in most countries, with the main exception of Brazil and Mexico, where appreciation is possible in Exchange rates against the dollar (Dec 2016 index = 100. Increase indicates depreciation against the dollar) 130 120 110 100 90 80 ARG* BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU *right axis Observed Forecast 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 Moderate depreciation of exchange rates going forward, driven by: Fed raising interest rates in contrast to cuts in Latin America Lower commodity prices The exception is Argentina, where we foresee nominal depreciation more in line with inflation, so that recent gains in competitiveness are not reduced excessively. The Mexican peso could appreciate in if the risks regarding NAFTA negotiations do not materialise, and in line with lower political noise Source: BBVA Research, Haver Analytics and DataStream

13-Jul-15 13-Sep-15 13-Nov-15 13-Jan-16 13-Mar-16 13-May-16 13-Jul-16 13-Sep-16 13-Nov-16 13-Jan-17 13-Mar-17 13-May-17 13-Jul-17 13-Sep-17 13-Nov-17 13-Jan-18 13-Mar-18 13-May-18 13-Jul-18 13-Jul-15 13-Sep-15 13-Nov-15 13-Jan-16 13-Mar-16 13-May-16 13-Jul-16 13-Sep-16 13-Nov-16 13-Jan-17 13-Mar-17 13-May-17 13-Jul-17 13-Sep-17 13-Nov-17 13-Jan-18 13-Mar-18 13-May-18 13-Jul-18 BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 22 Political stress has abated in most countries after elections or change in government. Risk of an increase in Argentina and Brazil Latin America: Political stress indicator (Media tone on politics weighted by media coverage. 30-day moving average) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Latam PER CHI COL Latam BRA MEX ARG The political tension index measures the tone of political reporting in the media, weighted by media coverage of political matters Source: BBVA Research and Gdelt Political tension abated in Chile and Peru after change in government, and in Colombia after the elections. Political stress in Mexico is also starting to be reduced after the election Political stress in Argentina and Brazil remain low in the last weeks. But the risk of an increase in Brazil is high, before the elections. In addition, social tensions could increase in Argentina

jun-16 dic-16 jun-16 dic-17 jun-18 jun-16 dic-16 jun-16 dic-17 jun-18 jun-16 dic-16 jun-16 dic-17 jun-18 jun-16 dic-16 jun-16 dic-17 jun-18 jun-16 dic-16 jun-16 dic-17 jun-18 jun-16 dic-16 jun-16 dic-17 jun-18 BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 23 Confidence indicators in the region continue to improve. The main exception is Argentina and Brazil, due to market volatility and protests Latin America: home and business confidence indicators (values over 50 pts indicate optimism) 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 Pessimism Optimism ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PER Consumer Producer Source: BBVA Research and Haver Confidence is reduced sharply in Argentina and Brazil. In Argentina, due to FX depreciation and utility price hikes. In Brazil, due to political noise, market volatility and trucker s strike In Andeans countries, confidence recovers amid higher commodity prices, increasing growth, lower inflation and lower political stress

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 24 Heterogeneous growth in Latin America. Growth close to potential in 2020 Latin America: GDP growth (% YoY) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-1 -2-3 -4 2.8 2.8 1.0-0.1-0.9 1.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2020 Growth has continued to increase in recent months, especially in Andeans. in line with a recovery in confidence and a favourable foreign environment Growth in and will be driven by two factors: The external sector: increased growth levels worldwide and higher commodity prices. A boost from private and public investment Growth will be lower than in other emerging regions such as Asia or eastern Europe Latam** Andeans Brazil Mexico **Weighted average of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. Source: BBVA Research

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 25 Growth forecasts revised down in Argentina and Brazil, due to financial volatility and local factors. Growth in Mexico, Colombia and Peru revised up on positive outturns Latin America countries: GDP growth (%) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU Latam Mercosur Pacific Alliance jul-18 Apr-18 Source: BBVA Research and Haver Growth forecasts revised down in Argentina (FX crisis and tighter fiscal and monetary policies) and Brazil (trucker s strike, a weaker government and political uncertainty Growth forecasts revised up in Mexico, Colombia and Peru, given positive surprises in activity in first half of. In addition higher oil prices are a positive for Colombia. In Peru, new mining projects will also support growth

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 26 Lower inflationary pressure, except in Argentina. Inflation in Mexico comes down more slowly than anticipated Latin America: central bank inflation and target ranges (%) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Argentina (left) Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico Peru Paraguay Uruguay Inflation Target Range Inflation Target Point Observed Forecast Source: BBVA Research Lower inflationary pressure in the Andeans, despite depreciation of local currencies and some recovery of domestic demand On the other hand, inflation in Argentina increases sharply, due to depreciation of the peso. Inflation in Mexico will continue to come down, but more slowly than anticipated three months ago.

Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 Jun-17 Jun-18 Jun-19 BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 27 Central Banks in South America will start tightening cycle in (except Argentina) Latin America: official interest rates (%) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ARG (left) BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER Forecast Observed Source: BBVA Research and Haver With inflation close to targets, growth recovering and an increase in US interest rates, Central Banks will start increasing interest rates in The exceptions to this scenario are Argentina and Mexico. In Argentina, interest rates will begin falling again at the end of as inflation and exchange rate risks are reduced. Mexico will start cutting interest rates at the beginning of

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 28 Higher growth and higher commodity prices drive lower public deficits. Faster fiscal adjustment in Argentina and Peru, and less ambitious in Brazil Latin America: Fiscal balances (% GDP) 0-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6-7 -8-9 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU Latam Jul-18 Apr-18 Fiscal outlook in Brazil deteriorates, on lower expected growth and scant room for spending cuts without ambitious reforms (which are now less likely). Faster reduction of primary fiscal deficit in Argentina, in line with IMF programme. However, nominal deficit will not be reduced much, due to higher debt service. Lower deficit than expected in Peru, due to higher growth and recent increase in excise taxes. In Colombia, public accounts will be under stress in, due to lower tax revenues and base effects on spending Source: BBVA Research and Haver

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 29 Higher growth and imports will weigh on external balances. Tighter monetary and fiscal policies will reduce external deficit in Argentina Latam: saldos por cuenta corriente (% PIB) 2 1 0-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU Latam Foreign deficits to increase in in many countries. Higher exports will not compensate for stronger imports coming from brisk internal demand External deficit in Argentina will shrink going forward due to a more competitive exchange rate and import reduction In Colombia, external deficit would increase in due to stronger growth and lower oil prices, but it will still be wholly financed by FDI Jul-18 Apr-18 Source: BBVA Research and Haver

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 30 Increasing external risks, except from China 01 Protectionism and impact on global trade flows 02 Tightening international financial conditions 03 Leveraging and a hard landing in China while domestic risks remains, with differences across countries 04 Political noise: increased risk in Brazil, lower risk in Colombia Chile and Mexico 05 Delays in private and public investment 06 Failure to push ahead with reforms and boost productivity

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 32 Previsiones de crecimiento en América Latina GDP (% YoY) 2015 2016 (f) (f) Argentina 2.7-1.8 2.9 0.5 1.5 Brazil -3.5-3.5 1.0 1.6 2.4 Chile 2.3 1.3 1.5 3.2 3.2 Colombia 3.0 2.0 1.8 2.6 3.3 Mexico 3.3 2.9 2.0 2.6 2.0 Paraguay 3.0 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.7 Peru 3.3 4.0 2.5 3.6 3.9 Uruguay 0.4 1.7 2.7 2.9 3.5 Mercosur -2.6-3.9 0.5 0.1 1.6 Pacific Alliance 3.1 2.7 2.0 2.8 2.6 Latin America -0.1-0.9 1.1 1.3 2.1 (f) Forecast.

BBVA Research - Latin America Outlook 3Q18 / 33 Latin America Outlook 3Q18 July