June 2017 Statistical Factsheet Italy CONTENTS Main figures 2016 1. KEY DATA 2. POPULATION & ECONOMY 3. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 4. ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 5. AGRICULTURAL TRADE 6. FARM STRUCTURE 1 2 3 4-5 6-12 13-14 15-16 Population (1 st January) 60,665,551 persons Area* 302,073 km 2 Currency EUR euro Nominal GDP at current prices 1,672,438 million EUR GDP per capita at current prices 27,600 EUR GDP per capita at purchasing power* 27,800 PPS Harmonised index of consumer prices -0.1% change over previous year Unemployment rate 11.7% of labour force Exports (goods & services) 501,473 million EUR Imports (goods & services) 443,590 million EUR Balance (goods & services) 57,882 million EUR Exports of agricultural products 38,419 million EUR Imports of agricultural products 38,137 million EUR Current account balance* 1.4 % of GDP General government balance -2.4 % of GDP General government gross debt 132.6 % of GDP Updated: April 2017 * Data refer to the year 2015 Main figures - Year 2016 Sources: European Commission, Eurostat, and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs. Agriculture and Rural Development
1. KEY DATA Macroeconomics Population (new European Commission methodology) Total population (number of persons), of which: 2015 60,795,612 12.0% of EU-28 in predominantly rural regions (PR) 2015 9.6% 19.3% in EU-28 in intermediate regions 2015 42.6% 36.0% in EU-28 in predominantly urban regions 2015 47.8% 44.7% in EU-28 Population in PR regions (number of persons) 2015 5,829,794 6.0% of EU-28 GDP In EUR (current prices): Million EUR 2016 1,672,438 11.3% of EU-28 GDP per capita 2016 27,600 29,000 in EU-28 GDP per capita (PPS) 2015 27,800 28,900 in EU-28 Real GDP growth rate (% change over previous year) 2016 0.9% 1.9% in EU-28 Gross value added Agriculture, forestry and fishing (% of total GVA) 2016 2.1% 1.5% in EU-28 Financial aspects Agricultural expenditure Total expenditure (million EUR), of which: 2016 6,727 10.7% of EU-28 Direct payments (%) 2016 57.0% 65.3% in EU-28 Market measures (%) 2016 9.8% 5.0% in EU-28 Rural development (%) 2016 33.2% 29.7% in EU-28 Economic accounts of agriculture Agricultural output Agricultural goods output (million EUR), of which: 2016 43,719.5 12.1% of EU-28 Crop output, of which: 2016 65.4% 13.9% of EU-28 Cereals (including seeds) 2016 13.7% 9.1% of EU-28 Industrial crops 2016 2.8% 4.4% of EU-28 Forage plants 2016 4.7% 5.3% of EU-28 Vegetables and horticultural products 2016 29.5% 16.1% of EU-28 Potatoes 2016 2.4% 5.8% of EU-28 Fruits 2016 16.2% 18.6% of EU-28 Wine 2016 25.1% 33.4% of EU-28 Olive oil 2016 3.4% 20.2% of EU-28 Animal output, of which: 2016 34.6% 9.7% of EU-28 Cattle 2016 20.2% 9.8% of EU-28 Pigs 2016 18.9% 8.2% of EU-28 Sheep and goats 2016 1.1% 3.2% of EU-28 Poultry 2016 16.1% 11.5% of EU-28 Milk 2016 30.0% 9.4% of EU-28 Eggs 2016 7.2% 12.4% of EU-28 Gross value added at basic prices (million EUR) 2016 29,951.2 19.4% of EU-28 Agricultural input Total intermediate consumption (million EUR) 2016 22,836.8 9.5% of EU-28 Agricultural income Indicator A (% change over previous year) 2016-8.4% -0.4% in EU-28 Farm structure Holdings Total (No), of which: 2013 1,010,330 9.3% of EU-28 UAA < 5 ha (%) 2013 58.7% 66.3% in EU-28 Economic size < 4 000 2013 29.5% 55.7% in EU-28 Holder < 35 years (%) 2013 4.5% 6.0% in EU-28 Holder > 64 years (%) 2013 39.7% 31.1% in EU-28 UAA per holding (has) 2013 12.0 16.1 in EU-28 Labour force Persons (No), of which: 2013 2,139,060 9.6% of EU-28 Women (%) 2013 40.5% 41.8% in EU-28 Holders (%) 2013 46.6% 46.8% in EU-28 Agriculture in % of total employment 2016 3.9% 4.3% in EU-28 Sources: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development. Updated: April 2017 2
2. POPULATION AND ECONOMY Importance of rural areas Territory Population GVA Employment (km 2 ) (persons) (Million EUR) (persons) Year 2015 2015 2013 2015 Predominantly Rural Regions (PR) 72,545 5,829,794 127,651 2,100,000 Intermediate Regions (IR) 164,326 25,883,385 595,692 9,654,200 Predominantly Urban Regions (PU) 65,202 29,082,433 721,539 10,218,400 Total 302,073 60,795,612 1,444,881 21,972,600 Source: Eurostat. Updated: February 2017 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 22% 54% 48% 50% 47% 40% 30% 43% 41% 44% 20% 10% 0% 24% 10% 9% 10% % Territory % Population % GVA % Employment predominantly rural intermediate predominantly urban Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development Economic forecast Indicators 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017f 2018f GDP In million EUR (current prices) 1,637,463 1,613,265 1,604,599 1,621,827 1,645,439 1,672,438 1,701,667 1,740,109 Per capita (in PPS; current prices)* 27,100 27,000 26,400 26,600 27,800 27,647 27,970 28,657 % change over previous period GDP growth (at constant prices) 0.6% -2.8% -1.7% 0.1% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% 0.9% GDP deflator 1.5% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1.1% Harmonised index of consumer prices 2.9% 3.3% 1.2% 0.2% 0.1% -0.1% 1.4% 1.3% Exports (goods and services) 5.2% 2.3% 0.7% 2.7% 4.4% 2.4% 3.0% 3.2% Imports (goods and services) 0.5% -8.1% -2.4% 3.2% 6.8% 2.9% 3.9% 4.3% Net exports of goods and services (million EUR) -25,713 15,937 36,241 46,275 47,893 57,882 50,162 45,142 % of total employment Unemployment rate 8.4 10.7 12.1 12.7 11.9 11.7 11.6 11.4 % of GDP Current account balance -3.1-0.4 0.9 2 1.4 2.6 1.9 1.7 General government balance -3.7-2.9-2.9-3 -2.7-2.4-2.4-2.6 General government gross debt 116.5 123.4 129 131.8 132.1 132.6 133.3 133.2 Source: European Commission, Eurostat and Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Economic Forecast Autumn 2016. Updated: April 2017 3
3.1. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS CAP expenditure Measures 2016 Total 2008-2016 1 000 EUR % Decoupled direct aids 3,298,953 58.1% 90.1% Other direct aids 507,040 5.9% 9.2% Additional amounts of aid 1 0.3% 0.5% Reimbursement of direct aids in relation to financial discipline 27,818 0.2% 0.3% Direct payments 3,833,812 64.5% 100.0% Cereals 0-0.1% -1.0% Rice 0 0.0% 0.0% Refunds on non-annex I products 0 0.1% 0.5% Food programmes 1 1.2% 8.7% Sugar 0 0.0% -0.1% Olive oil 35,424 0.6% 4.3% Textile plants 0 0.0% 0.0% Fruit and vegetables 262,476 4.0% 29.9% Wine sector 320,965 5.5% 41.6% Promotion 7,563 0.1% 1.0% Other plant products/measures 0 0.3% 2.0% Milk and milk products 29,204 0.0% -0.3% Beef and veal 0 0.0% 0.1% Sheepmeat and goatmeat 0 0.0% 0.0% Pigmeat, eggs, poultry and other 5,961 0.2% 1.2% Sugar Restructuring Fund 0 1.6% 12.2% Market measures 661,592 13.3% 100% Rural development * 2,231,600 22.2% TOTAL 6,727,003 100.0% Note: Expenditure in commitments for direct payments and market measures; ceilings of support for rural development. Source: European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development Updated: M arch 2017. 100% Distribution of CAP expenditure 2016 90% 80% 33.2% 29.7% 26.8% 38.3% 70% 5.0% 5.6% 60% 9.8% 3.3% 50% 40% 30% 57.0% 65.3% 67.6% 58.4% 20% 10% 0% Italy EU-28 EU-15 EU-N13 Direct payments Market measures Rural development 4
3.2. AGRICULTURE: FINANCIAL ASPECTS Distribution of direct aids to the producers (financial year 2015) 50% Indicative figures on the distribution of direct aid by size-class of aid (1 000 EUR) 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0 - <0.5 0.5 - <1.25 1.25 - <2 2 - <5 5 - <10 10 - <20 20 - <50 50 - <100 100 - <150 150 - <200 200 - <250 250 - <300 300 - <500 >=500 Beneficiaries Payments Size-class of aid (all direct payments) Beneficiaries Financial year 2015 Payments in EUR x 1 000 % of total x 1 000 % of total < 0 0.26 0.02% -6 141-0.2% 0 and < 500 459.74 40.9% 120 915 3.1% 500 and < 1 250 266.07 23.7% 212 454 5.4% 1 250 and < 2 000 102.66 9.1% 162 542 4.1% 2 000 and < 5 000 147.04 13.1% 465 439 11.8% 5 000 and < 10 000 70.06 6.2% 492 216 12.5% 10 000 and < 20 000 41.60 3.7% 578 673 14.7% 20 000 and < 50 000 24.78 2.2% 754 385 19.2% 50 000 and < 100 000 7.35 0.7% 504 282 12.8% 100 000 and < 150 000 1.80 0.2% 217 826 5.5% 150 000 and < 200 000 0.72 0.1% 123 554 3.1% 200 000 and < 250 000 0.34 0.03% 75 185 1.9% 250 000 and < 300 000 0.20 0.02% 54 805 1.4% 300 000 and < 500 000 0.23 0.02% 85 822 2.2% 500 000 0.10 0.01% 87 364 2.2% Total 1122.953 100% 3,929,321 100% Source: European Commission, Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development, Report on the distribution of direct aids to the producers (financial year 2015), October 2016. Note: In order to protect the anonymity of the beneficiaries, numbers less than 10 have been made invisible in this table. 5
Output components Italy 4.1. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 2013 2014 2015 Agricultural output Million EUR % of total % of EU- 28 C ereals: 4422 4466 4145 3913 13.7% 9.1% Wheat and spelt 2 011 2 033 2 219 1 928 6.7% 9.2% Rye and meslin 2 2 2 2 0.0% 0.2% Barley 176 148 157 158 0.6% 2.0% Oats and summer cereal mixtures 43 43 51 45 0.2% 3.0% Grain maize 1710 1657 1133 1264 4.4% 13.5% Rice 278 359 403 341 1.2% 46.3% Other cereals 202 224 179 175 0.6% 10.5% Industrial crops: 719 820 754 791 2.8% 4.4% Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits 336 366 381 392 1.4% 3.5% Protein crops 94 95 96 123 0.4% 10.0% Raw tobacco 164 178 156 157 0.6% 33.8% Sugar beet 102 157 97 96 0.3% 2.9% Other industrial crops 22 23 23 : : : Forage plants 1685 1593 1311 1346 4.7% 5.3% Vegetables and horticultural products 8 867 8 513 8 871 8 439 29.5% 16.1% Potatoes 721 600 554 697 2.4% 5.8% Fruits 5269 4458 4935 4793 16.8% 18.6% Wine 7861 6767 7324 7178 25.1% 33.4% Olive oil 1464 1045 2035 977 3.4% 20.2% Other crop products 457 449 450 469 1.6% 16.9% Crop output 31 466 28 711 30 380 28 604 65.4% 13.9% Animals: 10 340 9 941 9 623 9 438 62.4% 9.8% Cattle 3 372 3 186 3 077 3 050 20.2% 9.8% Pigs 3 078 2 971 2 809 2 862 18.9% 8.2% Equines 85 90 85 89 0.6% 8.9% Sheep and goats 188 178 170 169 1.1% 3.2% Poultry 2 724 2 617 2 637 2 436 16.1% 11.5% Other animals 894 900 845 832 5.5% 34.6% Animal products: 6 532 6 505 6 133 5 678 37.6% 9.6% Milk 5 135 5 152 4 831 4 537 30.0% 9.4% Eggs 1340 1298 1242 1087 7.2% 12.4% Other animal products 57 55 61 55 0.4% 2.5% Animal output 16 872 16 446 15 757 15 116 34.6% 9.7% Agricultural goods output Gross value added at basic prices Note: 2016 data are estimates and may still change Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at current producer prices). Updated: M arch 2017 Million EUR 2016 48 338 45 156 46 137 43 720 100.0% 12.1% 32 837 30 232 32 111 29 951 19% 6
4.2. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS Agricultural input Input components 2014 2015 2016 2015/14 2016/15 Million EUR % Change Seeds and planting stock 1,328 1,350 1,387 1.7% 2.8% Energy 3,026 2,784 2,586-8.0% -7.1% Fertilisers and soil improvers 1,491 1,550 1,505 4.0% -2.9% Plant protection products 886 905 938 2.2% 3.6% Veterinary expenses 728 737 770 1.2% 4.5% Feedingstuffs 8,158 7,365 7,267-9.7% -1.3% Maintenance of materials 793 803 817 1.3% 1.7% Maintenance of buildings 341 342 346 0.4% 1.1% Agricultural services 2,641 2,668 2,716 1.0% 1.8% Other goods and services 3,939 4,007 4,047 1.7% 1.0% Total intermediate consumption 23,834 22,965 22,837-3.6% -0.6% Fixed capital consumption 12,043 11,851 11,663-1.6% -1.6% Note: 2016 data are estimates and may still change Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at current basic prices). Updated: M arch 2017 Agricultural income Values at basic prices 2014 2015 2016 2015/14 2016/15 Million EUR % Change Output of the agricultural "industry": 54,193 55,204 52,902 1.9% -4.2% Crop output 28,839 30,508 28,717 5.8% -5.9% Animal output: 16,446 15,757 15,116-4.2% -4.1% Animals 9,941 9,623 9,438-3.2% -1.9% Animal products 6,505 6,133 5,678-5.7% -7.4% Agricultural services 4,679 4,795 4,916 2.5% 2.5% Secondary activities 4,230 4,144 4,152-2.0% 0.2% - Intermediate consumption 23,834 22,965 22,837-3.6% -0.6% = Gross value added at basic prices 30,359 32,239 30,065 6.2% -6.7% - Consumption of fixed capital 12,043 11,851 11,663-1.6% -1.6% - Taxes 962 1,179 1,196 22.5% 1.5% + Subsidies 5,914 4,091 4,798-30.8% 17.3% = Factor income 23,268 23,299 22,004 0.1% -5.6% Agricultural income* (2010=100) 136.4 132.8 121.7-2.6% -8.4% Note: 2016 data are estimates and may still change Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at current basic prices; constant prices for *Indicator A - see definition at the end of this document). Updated: M arch 2017 7
4.3. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS Output components (2014-2016 average) Industrial crops, 1.8% Forage plants, 3.8% Vegetables and horticultural products, 19.9% Potatoes, 1.3% Cereals, 9.5% Fruits, 11.4% Other, 3.3% Eggs, 2.7% Milk, 11.1% Wine, 13.1% Olive oil, 2.2% Poultry, 5.7% Sheep and goats, 0.5% Pigs, 6.2% Cattle, 7.2% Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at constant producer prices). Updated: March 2017. Intermediate consumption (2014-2016 average) Maintenance of materials, 3.4% Maintenance of buildings, 1.5% Agricultural services, 11.3% other, 19.5% Feedingstuffs, 33.6% Seeds and planting stock, 5.5% Energy, lubricants, 11.9% Veterinary expenses, 3.4% Plant protection products, 3.8% Fertiliser, soil improver, 6.2% Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at constant basic prices). Updated: March 2017. 8
1 000 AWU Italy 4.4. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS Evolution of agricultural labour input 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 non-salaried salaried Source: Eurostat. Updated: March 2017. Evolution of agricultural income (*) compared to wages and salaries in other sectors of the economy 165 155 145 135 125 115 105 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Agricultural income (Indicator A) (2010=100) Wages and salary index - Industry (2010=100) Wages and salary index - Construction (2010=100) Wages and salary index - Services (2010=100) Source: Eurostat. Updated: March 2017. (*) The so-called indicator A is the real net value added at factor cost of agriculture per annual work unit (AWU). The net value added at factor cost (factor income) is calculated by subtracting the consumption of fixed capital from gross value added at basic prices and adding the value of subsidies less taxes. The AWU is defined as the work volume corresponding to one full-time employed worked. 9
4.5. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS Evolution of agricultural input and output prices 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Input prices (intermediate consumption) Output prices Source: Eurostat. Updated: March 2017. Evolution of harmonised indices of consumer prices 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 all items food Source: Eurostat. Updated: April 2017. 10
4.6. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS 160 Index 2010=100 Farmers' income and labour development index (real terms) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Agricultural income (Indicator A) Annual Working Units Beneficiaries of direct payments Source: Eurostat and DG Agriculture and Rural Development. Updated: March 2017 (*) The so-called indicator A is the real net value added at factor cost of agriculture per annual work unit (AWU). The net value added at factor cost (factor income) is calculated by subtracting the consumption of fixed capital from gross value added at basic prices and adding the value of subsidies less taxes. The AWU is defined as the work volume corresponding to one full-time employed worked. 11
4.7. AGRICULTURE: ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS Agricultural income (real terms) 80,000 million Euro Revenues 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 Costs 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Crop output Animal output Product subsidies Other subsidies Other output Seeds Fertilisers Plant/animal protection Energy Feedingstuffs Labour Rents Interest Other costs Entrepreneurial income 100% Cost Structure 100% Revenue Structure 80% 80% 60% 60% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 2000-2002 2014-2016 Other costs Taxes Interest Rents Labour Feedingstuffs Energy Plant/animal protection Fertilisers Seeds 0% 2000-2002 2014-2016 Non-agricultural secondary Agricultural services output Other subsidies Product subsidies Animal output Crop output Source: Eurostat. Updated: March 2017. 12
By category of product Exports Italy 5.1. AGRICULTURAL TRADE Agricultural trade in 2016 Total trade Million EUR Trade with EU countries Trade with non-eu countries % change % change Million EUR 2016/2015 Million EUR 2016/2015 Commodities 2642.9 1823.9 0.7% 819.0-8.9% Other primary products 6828.6 5498.6 5.3% 1330.0 2.9% Processed products 16244.8 9784.9 4.0% 6459.9 5.6% Food preparations 8694.0 5508.9 3.4% 3185.1 3.5% Beverages 1746.3 1001.8 5.3% 744.6-1.3% Non edible 2262.1 1501.2 2.1% 760.9 19.6% Total agricultural products 38418.7 25119.2 3.8% 13299.4 4.1% Imports as % of total exports 9.2% 10.8% - 7.2% - Commodities 10388.9 4646.6 1.5% 5742.3-5.0% Other primary products 11731.9 8961.6-3.7% 2770.3-0.6% Processed products 5504.8 4883.6-0.6% 621.2-15.8% Food preparations 3929.4 3602.8 2.2% 326.7 5.2% Beverages 1138.4 1026.9 0.0% 111.5 12.8% Non edible 5444.0 4413.7 3.1% 1030.4-5.0% Total agricultural products 38137.4 27535.0-0.3% 10602.4-4.1% Balance as % of total imports 10.4% 12.4% - 7.4% - Commodities -7746.0-2822.7 - -4923.4 - Other primary products -4903.3-3463.0 - -1440.3 - Processed products 10740.1 4901.3-5838.7 - Food preparations 4764.6 1906.1-2858.4 - Beverages 607.9-25.1-633.0 - Non edible -3182.0-2912.5 - -269.5 - Total agricultural products 281.3-2415.8-2697.1 - Source: Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development, based on COM EXT data. Updated: January 2017. 100% 90% 80% 70% 6% 6% 4% 6% 22% 24% 16% 4% 13% 10% 1% 3% 6% 26% 60% 18% 50% 39% 40% 49% 30% 33% 54% 20% 22% 10% 0% 10% 7% 6% Exports to EU countries Exports to non-eu countries 17% Imports from EU countries Imports from non-eu countries Commodities Other primary products Processed products Food preparations Beverages Non edible products 13
Imports Exports Italy 5.2. AGRICULTURAL TRADE Evolution of agricultural trade with other EU countries Million EUR 30,000 1000 20,000 0 10,000 0 10,000 20,000-1000 -2000-3000 -4000-5000 30,000-6000 40,000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016-7000 Exports to EU-15 countries Imports from EU-15 countries Balance with EU-N13 countries (right axis) Exports to EU-N13 countries Imports from EU-N13 countries Balance with EU-15 countries (right axis) Exports of agricultural products Imports of agricultural products 100% 90% 10% 13% 100% 90% 7% 17% 80% 80% 70% 70% 60% 60% 50% 40% 90% 87% 50% 40% 93% 83% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 2006 2016 0% 2006 2016 to EU-15 countries to EU-N13 countries from EU-15 countries from EU-N13 countries Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development, based on Eurostat data. Updated: January 2017. 14
6.1. FARM STRUCTURE Structure of agricultural holdings By UAA (*) By economic size (**) By LSU (***) By age of holder Total UAA in 1 000 ha Holdings UAA (ha) per holding (*) UAA = Utilised agricultural area. 2005 2013 Total % Total % < 5 ha 1,271,660 73.6% 592,720 58.7% 5-10 ha 205,880 11.9% 172,900 17.1% 10-20 ha 130,740 7.6% 114,850 11.4% 20-30 ha 44,120 2.6% 44,690 4.4% 30-50 ha 37,510 2.2% 39,870 3.9% 50-100 ha 25,710 1.5% 30,180 3.0% > 100 ha 12,910 0.7% 15,100 1.5% < 4 000 802,720 46.4% 298,510 29.5% < 8 000 315,830 18.3% 175,270 17.3% < 15 000 214,230 12.4% 154,910 15.3% < 25 000 133,290 7.7% 102,720 10.2% < 50 000 123,580 7.1% 115,370 11.4% < 100 000 72,130 4.2% 81,640 8.1% < 250 000 46,420 2.7% 55,570 5.5% < 500 000 12,050 0.7% 16,000 1.6% =/> 500 000 8,290 0.5% 10,340 1.0% 0 1,431,790 82.8% 839,580 83.1% 0-5 161,370 9.3% 57,910 5.7% 5-10 29,410 1.7% 24,380 2.4% 10-15 19,280 1.1% 14,780 1.5% 15-20 14,210 0.8% 10,340 1.0% 20-50 37,820 2.2% 32,360 3.2% 50-100 18,540 1.1% 14,790 1.5% 100-500 13,650 0.8% 13,210 1.3% > 500 2,470 0.1% 2,970 0.3% < 35 years 60,370 3.5% 45,680 4.5% 35-44 years 194,050 11.2% 109,590 10.8% 45-54 years 332,510 19.2% 218,620 21.6% 55-64 years 425,340 24.6% 235,780 23.3% > 64 years 716,270 41.4% 400,650 39.7% Source: Eurostat, Farm Structure Survey 2005 and 2013. Updated: January 2017. 1,728,530 100 1,010,330 100 12,708 12,099 7.4 12.0 (**) Economic size: The standard output of an agricultural product (crop or livestock), abbreviated as SO, is the average monetary value of the agricultural output at farm-gate price, in euro per hectare or per head of livestock. There is a regional SO coefficient for each product, as an average value over a reference period (5 years, except for the SO 2004 coefficient calculated using the average of 3 years). The sum of all the SO per hectare of crop and per head of livestock in a farm is a measure of its overall economic size, expressed in euro. (***) LSU = Livestock units. A LSU is equivalent to a dairy cow. The number of animals (heads) is converted into LSU using a set of coefficients reflecting the feed requirements of the different animal categories. 15
6.2. FARM STRUCTURE Structure of farm labour force Family labour force persons: 1,992,690 of which women: 41.8% AWUs (*): 617,150 AWUs: 199,760 Holders Family members 2013 Regular non family labour force persons: persons: persons: 995,810 996,880 146,370 of which women: of which women: of which women: 32.0% 51.6% 30.2% Non family labour force Non regular non family labour force AWUs: AWUs: AWUs: AWUs: 404,780 212,380 79,090 120,670 Total farm labour force (persons) Total farm labour force (AWUs) 2,139,060 816,910 Source: Eurostat, Farm Structure Survey 2013. Updated: January 2017. * AWUs = Annual work units. An AWU is equivalent to a worker employed on a full time basis for one year. This document does not necessarily represent the official views of the European Commission European Union, 2017 - Reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledged Contact: DG Agriculture and Rural Development, Farm Economics Unit Tel: +32-2-29 75471 / E-mail: Agri-C3@ec.europa.eu 16