EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD. We turn bullish on AUD-USD (from neutral earlier). A decisive break above has reversed the earlier downtrend.

Similar documents
EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD GBP-USD XAU-USD. Spot (2 4 weeks) Support Support

EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD GBP-USD XAU-USD

EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD XAU-USD. Spot (2-4 weeks) Support Support

EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD GBP-USD XAU-USD

EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD GBP-USD** XAU-USD** Spot Support

EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD. Spot Support

EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD GBP-USD** XAU-USD** Spot Support

fx strategy USD beginning to stabilise EUR/USD USD/JPY AUD/USD USD/SGD GBP/USD XAU/USD

fx strategy USD approaching key support EUR/USD USD/JPY AUD/USD USD/SGD GBP/USD XAU/USD

fx strategy Key levels hold despite volatility EUR/USD USD/JPY AUD/USD USD/SGD GBP/USD XAU/USD

fx strategy Has the USD bear trend finally started? fx 3 May 2016 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

fx strategy Great expectations from BoJ, less so from the Fed fx 25 July 2016 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

fx strategy This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group fx 4 April 2016

fx strategy Continue to watch US data and Fed comments fx 15 August 2016 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

Weekly Market View What happens when the Fed raises rates?

fx strategy Near-term USD support likely following FOMC fx 16 June 2017 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

fx strategy Fewer catalysts for USD strength fx 24 November 2017 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

fx strategy Getting more confident about near-term USD recovery fx 22 September 2017 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

fx strategy Trade tensions add to market uncertainty fx 2 March 2018 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

Outlook 2018 in 2 minutes

fx strategy Tax reform progress fails to boost the USD fx 1 December 2017 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

fx strategy ECB and BoJ decisions key to FX markets fx 19 January 2018 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

Weekly FX Insight. Weekly FX Insight. Sep 23, 2013 with data as of Sep 20. Citibank Wealth Management. FX & Eco. Figures Forecast

fx strategy This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group fx 10 April 2017

Daily FX Focus 24/7/2018. Canada wholesale trade improved in May. USDCAD once touched levels. The upcoming release will be Canada's May GDP.

Strategy Slowing EM outflows to support euro, Scandi markets

FX Insights. Chart Of The Day USD/JPY: Next significant support at Friday, 29 April 2016

Daily FX Focus 19/3/2015

Daily FX Focus 24/12/2018

Daily FX Focus 14-Jan-2014

Daily FX Focus 16/8/2018

Daily FX Focus 28-Jan-2014

Daily FX Focus 3/10/2018

Daily FX Focus 11/7/2017

Daily FX Focus. AUD rose 3 days in a roll, near one-week high. AUDUSD once touched Markets await the release of December Trade Balance.

Daily FX Focus 23/10/2018. USDCAD traded within the range of The upcoming release will be Canada's October central bank meeting result.

Funds Select. First Quarter 2015 Singapore. sc.com/sg

Weekly FX Focus 24/9/2018

Daily FX Focus 9/10/2017

Daily FX Focus 29/12/2017

Daily FX Focus 1/12/2017

Daily FX Focus 29/12/2017

Daily FX Focus. FX Focus:AUD/USD

Funds Select First Quarter 2018 Singapore

Daily FX Focus. AUD rose prior to RBA rate decision. AUDUSD once touched levels. The upcoming release will be May Unemployment Rate.

Daily FX Focus

Weekly FX Focus. FX Focus:USD/CAD. AUD vs USD / Last week, Australia unemployment rate for February was higher than expected.

Daily FX Focus 7/6/2018

DAILY FX OUTLOOK. Tuesday, September 04, FX Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas Revised FX forecasts

Weekly FX Insight. Weekly FX Insight. Dec 30, 2013 with data as of Dec 27. Citibank Wealth Management. FX & Eco. Figures Forecast

Daily FX Focus 27/12/2017

DAILY FX OUTLOOK. Wednesday, February 28, Asian FX. FX Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas

FX OUTLOOK CAMILLA SUTTON l CHIEF FX STRATEGIST l l April 2014

Rising importance of SMEs in the Middle East Mary Nicola

Market Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas Refreshed FX forecasts. 31-Jul Jan Jan Sep Nov May Mar-18.

weekly market view Earnings, commodities bullish for stocks Editorial

fixed income strategy

FX Insights. Chart Of The Day USD/CNH: Expect deep pull-back towards with lower odds for extension to Friday, 22 July 2016

FX Insights. Chart Of The Day EUR/USD: Bearish; target a move to Wednesday, 12 October 2016

DAILY FX OUTLOOK. Friday, June 29, FX Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas

Weekly FX Focus 18/12/2017

weekly market view Equities rally on capped yields Editorial macro strategy 21 July 2017 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

Mixed Comments From Mnuchin Disappoint USD Bulls

Funds Select Fourth Quarter 2016 Singapore

Global Market Outlook-October 2012 This reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group

Australian Dollar Outlook

B-GUIDE: Economic Outlook

Rupee can gain against Euro But, Rupee can fall against Emerging Currencies Can test 59-58, but can rebound towards

Weekly Market Commentary

*INVESTMENT PRODUCTS: NOT A BANK DEPOSIT. NOT GOVERNMENT INSURED. NO BANK GUARANTEE. MAY LOSE VALUE

FX Insights. Chart Of The Day EUR/SGD: Increasing downward pressure but sustained decline only if daily closing below

Post QE2 The Dollar to rally? --- The verdict

DAILY FX OUTLOOK. Thursday, July 26, FX Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas

2015 FUZZY DAY CONFERENCE Facts that are Not Facts. The US dollar Safe Haven Myth and the United States Hedge Fund.

Fed described the economy as "slow" and said employers remained reluctant to create jobs and Inflation "somewhat low.

CAD OUTLOOK A BALANCED PERSPECTIVE CAMILLA SUTTON l CHIEF FX STRATEGIST l l

DAILY FX OUTLOOK. Wednesday, July 04, FX Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas

Signature Perspectives Asia Pacific Ex-Japan Equities

China and Hong Kong Forex Market Developments One-way appreciation carrying into the new year

Forex Sentiment Report Q2 FORECAST WEAK AS LONG AS BELOW April

DAILY FX OUTLOOK. Thursday, July 05, FX Themes/Strategy/Trading Ideas. US Dollar Index

Australian Dollar Outlook

Thursday December 3, Major Market Internals (% Issues above 50 Day MA)

Schroder Asian Income Monthly Fund Update

China and Hong Kong Forex Market Developments RMB made the nine-month peak and FX reserves further expanded

For personal use only

FX Strategy. Is CNY Strength Over?

Signature Perspectives Dynamic Global Asset Allocation

ANZ-ROY MORGAN AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER CONFIDENCE MEDIA RELEASE. Figure 1. ANZ-Roy Morgan Australian Consumer Confidence and inflation expectations

Pakistan Market Outlook 1


COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index. P1: SBT ind JWBT192-Yotov October 8, :55 Printer: Yet to come

MonitorING Turkey ING BANK A.Ş. Further fiscal support in the Medium Term Plan. Emerging Markets 4 October 2017

Foreign Exchange Outlook. Making Progress

CAD: THE STORY FROM WORST TO BEST CAMILLA SUTTON l CHIEF FX STRATEGIST l l July 2014

ANZ-ROY MORGAN AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER CONFIDENCE MEDIA RELEASE. Weekly change, % Four-week average Budget. Budget. Budget. Budget.

ETF Securities Weekly Flows Analysis Gold ETPs outflows after hawkish September FOMC minutes.

EconWatch. Qualms of forex volatility; strong USD prior to policy tightening in the US. 21 August 2015

Financial Market Outlook: Further Stock Gain on Faster GDP Rebound and Earnings Recovery. Year-end Target Raised

Transcription:

FX STRATEGY 3 September 03 This commentary reflects the views of the Wealth Management Group The views expressed in this publication are made on the basis of a -4 week outlook and may differ from our longer term views and forecasts from the Global Research function. Contents EUR USD Pg USD JPY Pg 3 AUD USD Pg 4 USD SGD Pg 5 GBP USD Pg 6 XAU USD Pg 7 Supplementary pairs charts Pg 8-9 Interest rate differentials and FX implied Pg 0 volatility Central Bank Monetary Policy Schedule Pg Appendix Pg Disclaimer Pg 3 Weekly performance of pairs 3 September to 0 September 03 EUR-USD USD-JPY AUD-USD USD-SGD GBP-USD XAU-USD -.4-0.0-0.0 0.8.73.6 - - 0 Steve Brice Chief Investment Strategist Rob Aspin, CFA Head, Equity Investment Strategy Manpreet Gill Head, FICC Investment Strategy Adi Monappa, CFA Head, Asset Allocation Audrey Goh, CFA Investment Strategist Victor Teo, CFA Investment Strategist % Fed surprise moves the market The Fed s decision to delay tapering of asset purchases surprised the market. We believe this may lead to temporary USD weakness. However, we believe this is a delay, not a reversal in direction. We, therefore, continue to believe long-term USD strength is likely. EUR-USD We turn bullish on EUR-USD (from neutral earlier) as US Fed policy action assisted an extension to the uptrend. USD-JPY We remain neutral on USD-JPY and expect sideways consolidation to continue in the near term. AUD-USD We turn bullish on AUD-USD (from neutral earlier). A decisive break above 0.935 has reversed the earlier downtrend. USD-SGD We turn bullish on USD-SGD (from neutral earlier) as the recent correction appears to be overdone and the pair is likely to rebound. GBP-USD We remain bearish on GBP-USD as technical indicators argue a reversal down is in the offing. XAU-USD We remain bearish on gold. We believe the pair is likely to correct further on the back of weak price action and poor fundamentals. CORE PAIRS Short term Spot ( 4 weeks) Support Support Resistance Resistance EUR USD.30.34.354.365.390 USD JPY 95.50 97.65 99.4 0.50 03.80 AUD USD 0.900 0.95 0.943 0.950 0.970 USD SGD.4.40.50.60.78 GBP USD.57.586.60.60.65 XAU USD 30 85 37 380 40 SUPPLEMENTARY PAIRS* Short term Spot ( 4 weeks) Support Support Resistance Resistance USD CNH 6.095 6.05 6.09 6.0 6.3 USD ZAR 9.300 9.566 9.830 0.030 0.33 NZD USD 0.8 0.86 0.836 0.845 0.860 USD CHF 0.887 0.903 0.90 0.94 0.938 USD SEK 6.075 6.360 6.359 6.8 7.06 USD CAD.000.07.030.04.06 *SUPPLEMENTARY PAIRS - Going forward, we will maintain the EUR, JPY, AUD, SGD, GBP and XAU outlook while adding just key technical levels for the supplementary pairs

EUR - USD Key technical indicators and forecasts* TECHNICAL INDICATORS RSI Stochastic MACD ADX Momentum VIEW We turn bullish on EUR-USD (from neutral earlier) as US Fed policy action assisted an extension to the uptrend. Performance EUR-USD rose (.73%) over the previous week. The Fed surprised the market by deciding not to taper quantitative easing which, in turn, weakened the US dollar. Merkel s strong election lead and an improvement in German economic sentiment helped the Euro. KEY LEVELS Levels Importance.390 Strong.365 Spot.354 FORECASTS.34 Strong.30 Strong Consensus Q4 03.30 Technical analysis Major technical indicators are largely bullish. We turn bullish on EUR-USD pair (from neutral earlier). The break out past the crucial area of.34 signals growing positive momentum. We would review our outlook if the pair falls below.34. Any comments ing Fed tapering at its October policy meeting (as St. Louis Fed President Bullard suggested) represents the key risk to our view. Key signposts Euro area PMI manufacturing (3 Sep), US consumer confidence (4 Sep), US new home sales (5 Sep), US GDP (6 Sep) and Euro area business and consumer confidence (7 Sep) are key data points. Q 04.7 Q 04.6 Q3 04.6 *Please see Appendix on Pg 0 for explanation on technical indicators Momentum indicators have turned incrementally positive Technical Analysis: EUR-USD EUR - USD.38.36.34.3.30.8.6.4..365.34.393.373.366.0 EUR-USD

USD - JPY Key technical indicators and forecasts* TECHNICAL INDICATORS RSI Stochastics MACD ADX Momentum VIEW We remain neutral on USD-JPY and expect sideways consolidation to continue in the near term. Performance USD-JPY ended largely flat (-0.0%) over the previous week as the US Fed s decision not to taper quantitative easing was offset by continued discussion on the possibility of a rise in consumption taxes. Japan s August trade deficit narrowed, but missed expectations. KEY LEVELS Levels Importance 03.80 Strong 0.50 Spot 99.4 FORECASTS 97.65 95.50 Strong Consensus Q4 03 03 Q 04 05 Technical Analysis Major technical indicators, on balance, are neutral. We are neutral on USD-JPY at current levels and expect to see it consolidating within a 97.65 0.5 range in the near term. We believe the longer term trend is still bullish, a view we expect to hold unless key is breached. We would review our outlook if the pair closes below 97.65 or above 0.5. Key signposts CPI inflation (6 Sep), industrial production and retail sales (30 Sep) will be key data points. Prime Minister Abe s decision on a potential sales tax hike will be crucial for inflation and economic growth. Any subsequent BoJ reaction will be key for the currency outlook. Q 04 06 Q3 04 08 *Please see Appendix on Pg 0 for explanation on technical indicators USD-JPY likely to continue consolidating in the near term. Technical Analysis: USD-JPY 03.00 99.00 USD - JPY 95.00 9.00 87.00 83.00 79.00 98.66 99.09 96.04 0.50 97.65 75.00 USD-JPY 3

AUD - USD Key technical indicators and forecasts* TECHNICAL INDICATORS VIEW We turn bullish on AUD-USD (from neutral earlier). A decisive break above 0.935 has reversed the earlier downtrend. RSI Stochastic MACD ADX Performance AUD-USD rose (.6%) over the last week on the back of the Fed FOMC s decision to leave monetary stimulus unchanged. Momentum KEY LEVELS Levels Importance 0.970 Strong 0.950 Spot 0.943 0.95 Strong 0.900 Strong Technical Analysis Major technical indicators are largely bullish. We turn bullish on AUD-USD pair (from neutral earlier) as technical indicators have turned constructive. Record short positioning continues to be a for the pair, but a decisive breakout above 0.935 has validated a bullish view. However, the longer term trend continues to be negative, in our view. We would review our outlook if the pair falls below 0.95. Key signposts Chinese manufacturing PMI (3 Sep) would be key data to watch. The RBA Financial stability review (5 Sep) would likely provide clues on future monetary policy. FORECASTS Consensus Q4 03 0.84 Q 04 0.84 Q 04 0.84 Q3 04 0.84 *Please see Appendix on Pg 0 for explanation on technical indicators AUD-USD pair likely to retrace some losses Technical Analysis: AUD-USD.06 AUD - USD.0 0.96 0.9 0.947 0.933 0.9858 0.950 0.95 0.86 AUD-USD 4

USD - SGD Key technical indicators and forecasts* TECHNICAL INDICATORS VIEW We turn bullish on USD-SGD (from neutral earlier) as the recent correction appears to be overdone and the pair is likely to rebound. RSI Stochastic MACD ADX Momentum Performance USD-SGD fell (-.4%) over the previous week mainly due to US dollar weakness. Singapore s August inflation rate rose for the 4 th straight month and Chinese economic data continued to recover. Recent measures aimed at stabilising EM currencies helped improve sentiment on Asian currencies more generally. KEY LEVELS Levels Importance.78 Strong.60 Strong Spot.50 FORECASTS.40 Strong.4 Strong Consensus Q4 03.8 Q 04.8 Technical Analysis Major technical indicators, on balance, are bullish. However, we turn bullish on USD-SGD (from neutral earlier). Last week s correction has once again pushed prices towards the key area around.4, which coincides with a rising trendline connecting December May 3 lows (see chart below). We would review our outlook if the pair fell decisively below.4. Key signposts We believe the MAS will maintain its current monetary policy stance at its October 03 monetary policy meeting so as to provide an accommodative growth environment while maintaining downward pressure on inflation expectations. The performance of the Renminbi is also important for the pair from a trade competitiveness perspective. Q 04.8 Q3 04.6 *Please see Appendix on Pg 0 for explanation on technical indicators USD-SGD appears oversold Technical Analysis: USD-SGD USD - SGD.30.9.8.7.6.5.4.3..683.64.498. USD-SGD.6.40 5

ingapore s manufacturing PMI GBP - USD Key technical indicators and forecasts* TECHNICAL INDICATORS RSI VIEW We remain bearish on GBP-USD as technical indicators argue a reversal down is in the offing. Stochastic MACD ADX Momentum KEY LEVELS Levels Importance.65 Strong.60 Strong Spot.60.586.57 Strong Performance GBP-USD gained (0.8%) over the last week on the back of the Fed s decision to defer asset purchase tapering. August retail sales data disappointed relative to market expectations.. Technical Analysis Major technical indicators, on balance, are bearish. We remain bearish on GBP-USD and expect it to retreat lower after approaching at.60 (see chart below). Cyclical and momentum indicators argue the pair is overbought. We would review our outlook if we get a close above.60. Key signposts GDP data (6 Sep) will be a key economic data point to watch. Any further efforts at interest rate guidance by the BoE will also be critical for the pair. FORECASTS Consensus Q4 03.53 Q 04.5 Q 04.5 Q3 04.5 *Please see Appendix on Pg 0 for explanation on technical indicators GBP-USD pair testing a key trend line Technical Analysis: GBP-USD.64.6.60.60 GBP - USD.58.56.54.5.50.586.5549.547.5485.48 GBP-USD 6

Key technical indicators and forecasts* Inflation XAU - USD TECHNICAL INDICATORS RSI VIEW We remain bearish on gold. We believe the pair is likely to correct further on the back of weak price action and poor fundamentals. Stochastic MACD ADX Momentum KEY LEVELS Levels Importance 40 Strong 380 Spot 37 85 30 Strong Consensus Q4 03 95 Q 04 75 Q 04 7 Performance XAU-USD ended largely flat (-0.0%) last week, though it exhibited a significant amount of volatility within the week. The Fed s decision to leave its stimulus program unchanged sparked a rally, but it rapidly came to an end after St. Louis Fed President Bullard suggested tapering remained possible in October. Technical Analysis Major technical indicators, on balance, are neutral to bearish. We remain bearish on gold on the back of recent negative price action. A fall below 80 would confirm the start of a fresh downtrend. We are hesitant to change our broader negative view unless the pair finds a firm bottom or technical indicators turn more ive We would review our outlook if the pair rallies above 40. Key signpost This short-term view should be viewed within the context of our longer term Underweight view on Gold. Rising expectations of tapering to the Fed s QE program, receding tail risks, likely USD strength and rising opportunity costs continue to work against gold, in our view. Ongoing central bank purchases, firm retail demand and geo-political tensions pose some risks to our view. Q3 04 4 *Please see Appendix on Pg 0 for explanation on technical indicators sentiment continues to prevail Technical Analysis: XAU-USD,800,700 XAU-USD,600,500,400,300,00 346 347 47 380 85,00 XAU-USD 7

SUPPLEMENTARY PAIRS* *SUPPLEMENTARY PAIRS - Going forward, we will maintain the EUR, JPY, AUD, SGD, GBP and XAU outlook while adding just key technical levels for the supplementary pairs We are bearish on USD-CNH Technical Analysis: USD CNH USD - CNH 6.40 6.35 6.30 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 6. 6.05 6.05 USD-CNH 6.98 6.84 6.663 We turn bullish on USD-ZAR (from neutral earlier) Technical Analysis: USD ZAR 0.0 9.80 0.03 USD - ZAR 9.40 9.00 8.60 8.0 9.57 9.99 9.90 9.4 7.80 USD-ZAR We remain neutral on NZD-USD Technical Analysis: NZD-USD NZD -USD 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.8 0.79 0.77 0.75 0.799 0.7988 0.88 0.73 Aug- Nov- Feb- May- NZD-USD 0.845 0.86 8

We turn bearish on USD-CHF (from neutral earlier) after it breaches key Technical Analysis: USD CHF 0.99 0.97 USD-CHF 0.95 0.93 0.9 0.94 0.89 0.87 0.85 Nov- Feb- May- 0.985 0.9385 0.9345 USD-CHF 0.903 We turn bearish USD-SEK (from neutral earlier) as downside momentum is building Technical Analysis: USD-SEK 7.40 7.0 USD-CHF 7.00 6.80 6.60 6.537 6.5756 6.585 6.8 6.40 6.36 6.0 Nov- Feb- May- USD-SEK We turn bearish on USD-CAD (from neutral earlier) as it is on the verge of breaching the rising trendline Technical Analysis: USD-CAD.08 USD - CAD.06.04.0.00 0.98 0.96.04.07.0373.0348.07 0.94 Jul- Oct- Jan- Apr- Jul- Oct- Jan-3 Apr-3 Jul-3 USD-CAD 9

EUR-USD %.5.5 0.5 0 Interest rate differentials Measures the yield of holding a foreign currency relative to the base currency -0.5 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-0 Jan- Jan- Jan-3 Difference between EUR and USD yr swap EUR-USD (RHS).7.6.5.4.3.. EUR-USD 0 8 6 4 0 8 FX Implied Volatility An approximate indicator used to gauge future expectations of price movements based on FX options market pricing 6 Jan- Jul- Jan- Jul- Jan-3 Jul-3 W Implied Volatility USD-JPY % 3.5 5 0 05.5 95 90 85 0.5 80 0 75 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-0 Jan- Jan- Jan-3 Difference between USD and JPY yr swap USD-JPY (RHS) 00 USD-JPY 9 7 5 3 9 7 5 Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan 3 Jul 3 W Implied Volatility AUD-USD 6 5 4 % 3 0 Jan 08 Jan 09 Jan 0 Jan Jan Jan 3 Difference between AUD and USD yr swap AUD USD (RHS).. 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 AUD USD 7 3 9 5 Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan 3 Jul 3 W Implied Volatility USD-SGD.5 % 0.5 0 0.5 Jan 08 Jan 09 Jan 0 Jan Jan Jan 3 Difference between USD and SGD yr swap USD SGD (RHS).65.55.45.35.5.5 USD SGD 8 6 4 0 8 6 4 Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan 3 Jul 3 W Implied Volatility GBP-USD 3.5 %.5 0.5 0 Jan 08 Jan 09 Jan 0 Jan Jan Jan 3 Difference between GBP and USD yr swap GBP USD (RHS).4.5.6.7.8.9. GBP USD 4 0 8 6 4 Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan 3 Jul 3 W Implied Volatility 0

Central Bank Monetary Policy Meeting Schedules 03* FX Strategy Policy rate** Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Majors US 0.5 30 0 3 8 30 8 UK 0.50 0 7 7 4 9 6 4 5 0 7 5 Euro area 0.50 0 7 7 4 6 4 7 5 Japan 0.0 4 7 4 8 3 5 3 Australia.50 5 5 7 4 6 3 5 3 New Zealand.50 30 4 4 8 3 5 3 Canada.00 3 6 7 9 7 4 3 4 Switzerland 0.5 4 0 9 Asia ex Japan China 6.00 India 7.50 9 South Korea.50 4 4 9 3 8 0 4 Taiwan.875 Singapore Expected Expected Malaysia 3.00 30 7 9 5 7 Indonesia 7.5 0 7 4 3 5 8 Thailand.50 9 0 3 9 0 6 7 Philippines 3.50 4 8 4 5 0 3 5 7 4 * Subject to change ** Data as of 3 September 03

TECHNICAL INDICATORS EXPLANATORY APPENDIX RSI (Relative Strength Index) The RSI indicators can be used to describe the speed at which prices move over a given time period. An RSI above 70 can indicate a currency pair is overbought while an RSI below 30 can indicate the pair is oversold. Stochastic Oscillator The Stochastic Oscillator compares where a security's price closed relative to its trading range over a given time period. The security or index is generally considered oversold when the Oscillator falls to 0%, while a reading of 80% is considered overbought. MACD (The Moving Average Convergence/Divergence) This indicator shows the relationship between two moving averages of prices. A bearish signal is provided when the main moving average line drops below the second moving average line, and vice versa. ADX (Average Directional Index) - This indicator quantifies a trend's strength regardless of whether it is up or down. An index rising above zero provides a bullish signal while an index falling below zero provides a bearish signal. Momentum Indicator - The momentum of a security is the ratio of today's price compared to the price at a given point in the past. If the security's price is higher today, the momentum indicator will be considered strong. If the security's price is lower today, the momentum Indicator will be weak.

Disclosure Appendix This document is not research material and it has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research. This document does not necessarily represent the views of every function within the Standard Chartered Bank, particularly those of the Global Research function. Standard Chartered Bank is incorporated in England with limited liability by Royal Charter 853 Reference Number ZC8. The Principal Office of the Company is situated in England at Basinghall Avenue, London, ECV 5DD Standard Chartered Bank is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and Prudential Regulation Authority. In Dubai International Financial Centre ( DIFC ), the attached material is circulated by Standard Chartered Bank DIFC on behalf of the product and/or Issuer. Standard Chartered Bank DIFC is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) and is authorised to provide financial products and services to persons who meet the qualifying criteria of a Professional Client under the DFSA rules. The protection and compensation rights that may generally be available to retail customers in the DIFC or other jurisdictions will not be afforded to Professional Clients in the DIFC. Banking activities may be carried out internationally by different Standard Chartered Bank branches, subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively SCB ) according to local regulatory requirements. With respect to any jurisdiction in which there is a SCB entity, this document is distributed in such jurisdiction by, and is attributable to, such local SCB entity. Recipients in any jurisdiction should contact the local SCB entity in relation to any matters arising from, or in connection with, this document. Not all products and services are provided by all SCB entities. This document is being distributed for general information only and it does not constitute an offer, recommendation, solicitation to enter into any transaction or adopt any hedging, trading or investment strategy, in relation to any securities or other financial instruments. This document is for general evaluation only, it does not take into account the specific investment objectives, financial situation, particular needs of any particular person or class of persons and it has not been prepared for any particular person or class of persons. Opinions, projections and estimates are solely those of SCB at the date of this document and subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results and no representation or warranty is made regarding future performance. Any forecast contained herein as to likely future movements in rates or prices or likely future events or occurrences constitutes an opinion only and is not indicative of actual future movements in rates or prices or actual future events or occurrences (as the case may be). This document has not and will not be registered as a prospectus in any jurisdiction and it is not authorised by any regulatory authority under any regulations. SCB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, express, implied or statutory regarding, but not limited to, the accuracy of this document or the completeness of any information contained or referred to in this document. This document is distributed on the express understanding that, whilst the information in it is believed to be reliable, it has not been independently verified by us. SCB accepts no liability and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising directly or indirectly (including special, incidental or consequential loss or damage) from your use of this document, howsoever arising, and including any loss, damage or expense arising from, but not limited to, any defect, error, imperfection, fault, mistake or inaccuracy with this document, its contents or associated services, or due to any unavailability of the document or any part thereof or any contents. SCB, and/or a connected company, may at any time, to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or regulation, be long or short any securities, currencies or financial instruments referred to on this document or have a material interest in any such securities or related investment, or may be the only market maker in relation to such investments, or provide, or have provided advice, investment banking or other services, to issuers of such investments. Accordingly, SCB, its affiliates and/or subsidiaries may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this document. This document must not be forwarded or otherwise made available to any other person without the express written consent of SCB. Copyright: Standard Chartered Bank 03. Copyright in all materials, text, articles and information contained herein is the property of, and may only be reproduced with permission of an authorised signatory of, Standard Chartered Bank. Copyright in materials created by third parties and the rights under copyright of such parties are hereby acknowledged. Copyright in all other materials not belonging to third parties and copyright in these materials as a compilation vests and shall remain at all times copyright of Standard Chartered Bank and should not be reproduced or used except for business purposes on behalf of Standard Chartered Bank or save with the express prior written consent of an authorised signatory of Standard Chartered Bank. All rights reserved. Standard Chartered Bank 03. THIS IS NOT A RESEARCH REPORT AND HAS NOT BEEN PRODUCED BY A RESEARCH UNIT. 3