Social Protection in Niger and Burkina Faso Roland Berenger Berehoudougou Regional Coordinator- Sahel Adaptive Social Protection Program Dakar 14 th March 2017
Plan 1. Generalities about Social protection 2. WB & Social Safety Nets in Burkina Faso 3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Niger 4. Key lessons learnt from the design and implementation safety nets programs 5. Ways that USAID and its partners can have synergy with government social safety net programs (?) 2
Chronic Poverty and Vulnerability in Africa Despite Growth, High Rates of Chronic Poverty 1. Generalities about SP: The rational 3
1. Generalities about SP: The rational Humanitarian response remains the main safety net 4500,0 Humanitarian aid received, selected countries, Horn of Africa and Sahel (2000-11) 4000,0 3500,0 3000,0 2500,0 2000,0 1500,0 1000,0 500,0 Uganda Sudan Somalia Niger Mali Mauritania Kenya Ethiopia Eritrea Djibouti Chad Burkina Faso 0,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Every dollar spent of food aid would have generated twice as many benefits to recipients had it been provided in the form of cash. 4
1. Generalities about SP: The rational Potential role for social protection The potential for social protection to reduce poverty and vulnerability has been well demonstrated: In Rwanda, decline in poverty from 57% in 2006 to 45% in 2011 is attributed to the Vision 2020 Umurenge Program of public works and cash transfers, along with two other key development programs Social protection can reduce vulnerability in by improving households capacity to cope and by reducing the impact of shocks In the arid areas of northern Kenya, households receiving regular support from the Hunger Safety Net Program are better able to withstand severe drought in 2011 The costs of not protecting the poor are high and last long into the future: Ethiopian households that suffered during the 1984/85 drought continued to experience 2 to 3 percent less annual per capital growth in the 1990s. 62 percent of households interviewed in Burkina Faso were unable to recover their pre-shock levels of well being before the next crisis hit 5
Program in Burkina Faso SP/CNPS Project BURKIN-NAONG-SA YA Project objective: To support the income of poor households and to lay the foundations for a basic system of social safety nets in Burkina Faso. Areas of intervention: 3 regions, 7 provinces, 42 communes and 474 villages chosen by lot during regional for a Project lifetime: 5 years from 2014-2019 Budget: $ 56 M; 50 M from IDA) $ 6 M from Trust Fund (DFID) Project components: 3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Burkina Faso Component 1: Cash transfers and awareness programs for the poorest households; Component 2: Establishment of the foundations of a national basic system of safety nets; Component 3: Project management. 6
3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Burkina Faso Targeting the beneficiaries : Cash transfer Program 1- Geographic targeting Data frompovertystudies: EICVM de 2009-2010, EMC de 2014 de l INSD, combinedwithnutrition data (SMART studies); Food Security (Cadre harmonisé) 03 regions(north, East et Centre-East) et 07 provinces targeted; 40 000 households Then 2 addtional regions: North and Center-West : 8000 Households for permanent and 8000 households for lean season transfers 2- Household targeting Categorical targeting: households with children <15 years of age and pregnant women are the potential beneficiaries of the project, Proxy Means Test (PMT): has enabled the poorest households to be retained on the basis of a score. Community validation in general assembly in each village under the direction of a committee set up Women are direct beneficiaries - Registration / registration of beneficiaries: This step allows the creation of a register of beneficiaries in the project database and the issuing of the
3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Burkina Faso Carte de la pauvreté de l INSD (EICVM 2009-2010) Sahel Nord Centre-Nord Boucle du Mo Plateau Cent Centre Est Hauts-Bassin Centre-Ouest Centre-Sud Centre-Est Cascades Sud-Ouest Incidence de pauvreté (60,70] (50,60] (40,50] (30,40] [20,30] 23/08/2017 Présentation du Projet Filets sociaux au cours de l'atelier sur la protection sociale adaptative 8
Package Cash transfer : - Women in Households - 36 months, - 12 quarterly payments of 30 to 40 thousand CFA francs. - 40,000 beneficiaries from the North have already received 5 transfers. - 8000 for long term cash transfers : 24 months, 12 bimonthly payments of 20 miles FCFA 8000 for Short term: 3 bimonthly payments of 20 thousand CFA francs focused on the lean season for 2 years Accompaning measures: Piggy back activities - Familly practices (PFE) in health, nutrition, hygiene, supervision / education and child protection. - Financial education before each cash transfer - Soft conditions Complementary activities = "flexible conditions" or co-responsibilities of beneficiaries - package of productive activities on the basis of the graduation approach (BRAC):Subsidies,Technical training, Follow-up / coaching or Coaching, Establishment of savings and credit groups; - Synergy of action with: Ministries in charge of social affairs, agriculture and animal husbandry for certain technical training; Microfinance Institutions for Access to Credit, Establishment or reinforcement of promotional sales (fairs, purchase of local food for school canteens, warrantage, etc.)
Program in Niger: Cellule Filets sociaux, Projet Filets sociaux 3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Niger Project Objective: Establish and support an adaptive social protection system to facilitate access by poor households or food insecure to cash transfer and cash-for-work programs Area of intervention: Covers all regions of the country Project lifetime: 8 years, 14 July 2011-30 June 2019 Budget: US $ 101 M, $70 M from IDA US $ 31 M from Trust fund (DFiD) Project components: Component 1: Building an Adaptive and Adaptable Social Nets System Accompanying measures for monetary transfers Component 3 - Cash for works for resilience Component 4 - Project Management 10
3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Niger Targeting the beneficiaries: cash transfer & cash for work 1- Geographic targeting Data poverty studies, most affected communes Supporting the chronically poor and vulnerable to food insecurity by increasing their income and promoting investment in human capital and productive capital Households in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabéry and Zinder for 2016-2018. Overall objective: to support 100,000 poor households. 2. Household targeting Categorical targeting: households with children <15 years of age and pregnant women are the potential beneficiaries of the project, Proxy Means Test (PMT): has enabled the poorest households to be retained on the basis of a score. Community validation in general assembly in each village under the direction of a committee set up Registration / registration of beneficiaries: This step allows the creation of a register of beneficiaries in the project database and the issuing of the Women are the beneficiaries of the transfers
Package 3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Niger Cash transfer & cash for work : - Approximately 40,000 beneficiary Households in the regions of Dosso, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabéry and Zinder for 2016-2018 - Transfers of 10 000 FCFA per month for 24 months - 2500 Households in Diffa region in response to the Boko Haram insurgency consequences - 15000 worker per year for 60 days of work with 1300 FCFA per day Accompaning measure: Piggy back activities - Strengthening of Groups and Promotion of Resilient Livelihoods - Facilitates productive investment and household diversification - Encourages investment in income-generating activities and productive activities (tontines and women's organizations); - Contributes to the revitalization of groups and the promotion of resilient livelihoods - Behavioral component (parental practices, PFEor EFP) - Promotes investments in children's human capital ( ECD,schooling) Encourages behavioral changes in nutrition, health, hygiene and psycho-social stimulation (EFP +) and other parenting practices that encourage early childhood development; Provides a "Flexible/Soft Conditions" to receive monthly payments
3. WB & Social Safety Nets in Burkina Faso and Niger Building an Adaptive and Extensible Nets System - Establish an efficient and effective system for targeting, identifying, registering and paying beneficiaries; - Information and management system, use of electronic tools; - Support the development of a Unified or Unique Social Register; - Establish escalation mechanisms in times of crisis; - Technical and institutional support to the developed/provided. Project monitoring - Expansion of knowledge on the effectiveness of adaptive social protection tools through support for scientific monitoring and evaluation: - Studies on the effectiveness of targeting methods - Medium-term impact assessment of the pilot project on productive household investments - Evaluation of impact on the added value of accompanying measures - Assessment of the impact of adaptive measures 13
4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso & Niger 14
Good operational linkages between SSN and other development thematic SP systems have much to offer to foster early childhood development Potential for reaching most disadvantaged populations offer alternative delivery mechanisms to education and health systems. Platform to deliver integrated interventions Scope for rapid scale-up (much more rapid than pre-schools) 4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso& Niger Cash transfers + nutrition (information, growth monitoring, supplements ) Cash Transfers + accompanying measures (or home visits) aimed at improving parenting practices Cash transfers + Behavioral changes (nutrition, protection, psycho-sociale stimulation, Health, WASH -CLTS) Cash transfers+ prodcutive inclusion measures ( start up grants, Microfinance classic &VSL, coaching, Education, EWS, etc.)
4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso& Niger Long lasting effects: aspect of Resilience Social safety nets contribute durably to productive investment by households The effects remain tangible for beneficiaries 18 months after the end of transfers. Poor households seize the opportunity to invest Investment in animals: 50% increase in animal stock; Value = 62,000 FCFA Participation in tontines remains stronger 18 months after the end of transfers Productive accompanying measures and livelihood support contribute even more to household productivity, diversification and resilience 1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 Impacts sur les actifs et l épargne des ménages 18 mois après la fin des transferts Animaux (en TLU) Participation aux tontines Bénéficiaires Non bénéficiaires 16
Cost efficiency Cost of Safety Net systems and gains: 4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso& Niger In Rwanda, decline in poverty from 57% in 2006 to 45% in 2011 is attributed to the Vision 2020 Umurenge Program of public works and cash transfers, along with two other key development programs The annual cost of the PSNP in Ethiopia is equivalent to 1.2 percent of GDP, while safety net coverage in Kenya is equivalent to 0.80 percent of GDP. International evidence suggests that it is possible to achieve national coverage for a target population with a single program for 1-2 percent of GDP. Effectiveness in addressing the needs of the poorest: It was estimated in the Dryland report that in West and East Africa, covering 25 percent of the estimated 101 million vulnerable in a regular year in 2030 would cost 0.3 percent of GDP. In case of mild, moderate, and severe drought the cost would go up to 0.5, 0.76 and 1 percent of GDP. Albeit more in poorer and vulnerable countries like Niger Indirect impact of cash injection on non-beneficiaries : livelihood and trade 17
The WB drylands report 4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso& Niger Cost of Covering Vulnerable Population in 2030 in a Regular Year or in the Case of Mild, Moderate and Severe Drought in Percentage of GDP 6% 5% Percent of GDP 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Regulal Mild Moderate Severe Source: Carlo del Ninno, Pierre Fallavier, and Sarah Coll-Black. 2016 Protecting the Vulnerable in the Drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa 18
4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso& Niger Adaptive Social Protection Adaptive social protection is an integrated approach that was developed to address the challenges of adaptation to climate risk and improve the management and response to shocks (Resilience for poor and vulnerable) Adaptive social protection programs are flexible programs They can protect poor households from climate and other shocks before they occur through predictable transfers, building community assets, and other programs that help them build their resilience; and Can be scaled up to respond to extreme events when they hit (. 19
4. Key Lessons learnt from Burkina Faso& Niger Institutionalization challenges Acceptance: Assumptions, to costly for poor countries, National SP policies Baseline: what do exist, 3Ws, 4Ws, different programs from differents ministers and development partners Coordination: How to harmonize Practices, instruments, targeting, geographic areas Building a national register: where to move from? Leadership: Who should be leading? Government vs partners, which part in the government (minister)? How to finance? How to ensure sustainability? Case of Burkina Faso, Mauritania (studies and conclusion) Capacity building: relatively new approach, World Bank training programs 20
5. Ways that USAID and its partners can have synergy with government social safety net programs In the best case scenario the on going program covers around 10% of the poorest, a long way to go. Challenges in geographic coveragenot all parts of the countries are covered in some case all the regions (Niger) Accompanying measures needs various actors with the relevant expertise to ensure a better link with social protection: ECD, nutrition, Micro-finance, WASH Target on the vulnerable people beyond the poorest : Adaptive social protection program Shock responsiveness taking advantage of the exiting or to be built national register (RSU, RU), escalation (piggy back, vertical, horizontal, time, etc.) Institutional capacities to be built Monitoring, evaluation & Researsh : bring the evidence and reorient National dialogue and coordination Others instruments to develop: insurance systems for cattle( Kenya, Ethiopia, Mongolia) drought (ARC) Community level, Community level EWS 21
Thank you! 22