OECD-US Treasury Conference on Financial Education Washington, DC May 8, 2008 Sue Rutledge Regional Coordinator, Corporate Governance and Consumer Protection World Bank srutledge@worldbank.org WORLD BANK
Why is the World Bank involved in financial literacy? Weak financial literacy impedes development of financial sector in developing countries (WB Finance for All? 2007) Research shows that increasing depth of financial sector reduces poverty Increasing the level of the financial sector from that of Peru to Chile reduces the size of the population on $1 per day -- from 10% to 5% or perhaps even lower (Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, Levine 2007) Review of consumer protection & financial literacy initially requested by Czech Republic & Slovakia Other reviews being done for Romania, Croatia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Bulgaria, Lithuania WORLD BANK 2
In many developing countries, most are outside the financial system fewer than 20% may have bank accounts WORLD BANK 3
Even for those using financial services, weak literacy stops consumers from developing strong financial health Weak financial literacy impedes consumers ability to protect their financial assets In Russia, 37% of retail financial consumers are unaware that there is a securities law and a regulatory agency to protect their interests. In Romania, 55% of complaints lack sufficient documentation to be reviewed. In Azerbaijan, when government introduced pension payments by debit cards, rural families hired intermediaries to access the ATMs. Poor consumers may be vulnerable to predatory lending practices Those with weak financial literacy are particularly vulnerable. In Slovakia, households without formal income spend 38% more of their income on debt service than middle-income households. WORLD BANK 4
Croatia Hungary Czech Rep. Bulgaria Slovak Rep. Poland Romania Slovenia Russia Eurozone As a percentage of total household wealth Per cent of GDP Weak financial literacy also undermines development of the financial sector Increase in household debt places new burdens on consumers Throughout Eastern Europe, consumers take mortgages in foreign currencies 60 50 Households financial liabilities and housing loans, 2006 45 40 35 but are unable to manage FX risk Move to private pensions requires consumers to understand risk vs. return 40 30 20 10 30 25 20 15 10 5 Consumers need to choose pension strategies and products 0 0 but lack basic financial skills Total financial liabilities Mortgage lending to GDP (right axis) of which, housing loans European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 2007 WORLD BANK 5
WB finances about $700 million a year of training as part of sector lending programs worldwide WORLD BANK 6
We also train government staff, academics and private sector organizations and NGOs directly Data from 2002-06 WORLD BANK 7
Constraints For financial education, E-learning can be the most cost-effective way to teach $ Budget Face to Face Classroom Training Video Conferences E-learning Participants reached WORLD BANK 8
E-learning also has the greatest impact, particularly when teaching specific skills Mode of Training Useful Relevant E-learning 94% 76% Classroom 90% 77% Video-conference 76% 71% Type of Training Useful Relevant Skills Building 90% 78% Knowledge Exchange 82% 77% Policy Development 84% 53% Data from WB Institute 2007 WORLD BANK 9
More is needed - WB is developing pilot program on consumer protection & financial literacy 1. Diagnostic reviews of country framework compared to good practices for consumer protection & financial literacy www.worldbank.org/eca/consumerprotection 2. Nationwide surveys of literacy levels in population 3. Support for legal and institutional improvements on consumer disclosure and recourse mechanisms 4. Controlled trials of financial education teaching methods 5. Consumer awareness through media 6. Financial education at teachable moments (e.g. signing of mortgages and loans) and retirement decisions 7. Financial advice & consumer advocacy WORLD BANK 10