March 14, 2017
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE...3 EMPLOYMENT TRENDS...5 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE...5 WAGE TRENDS...6 COST OF LIVING INDEX...6 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT...7 OCCUPATION SNAPSHOT...9 INDUSTRY CLUSTERS... 12 EDUCATION LEVELS... 12 FAQ... 13 2
Demographic Profile In 2015, the population in Yellowstone was 157,048. Between 2005 and 2015, the region s population grew at an annual average rate of 1.3%. The region has a civilian labor force of 81,943 with a participation rate of 67.6%. Of individuals 25 to 64 in Yellowstone, 29.5% have a bachelor s degree or higher which compares with 31.3% in the nation. The median household income in Yellowstone is $52,802 and the median house value is $192,500. Summary 1 Percent Value Yellowstone Yellowstone Demographics Population 6 157,048 1,032,949 321,418,820 Population Annual Average Growth 6 1.3% 0.9% 0.8% 1,943 9,285 2,590,222 Median Age 2,4 38.3 39.8 37.2 Under 18 Years 4 23.7% 22.6% 24.0% 35,040 223,563 74,181,467 18 to 24 Years 4 9.0% 9.6% 9.9% 13,249 94,611 30,672,088 25 to 34 Years 4 13.6% 12.4% 13.3% 20,067 122,864 41,063,948 35 to 44 Years 4 12.0% 11.4% 13.3% 17,789 112,945 41,070,606 45 to 54 Years 4 15.0% 15.1% 14.6% 22,223 149,832 45,006,716 55 to 64 Years 4 12.7% 14.0% 11.8% 18,736 138,858 36,482,729 65 to 74 Years 4 7.3% 8.2% 7.0% 10,742 80,742 21,713,429 75 Years, and Over 4 6.8% 6.7% 6.0% 10,126 66,000 18,554,555 Race: White 4 90.7% 89.4% 72.4% 134,228 884,961 223,553,265 Race: Black or African American 4 0.6% 0.4% 12.6% 935 4,027 38,929,319 Race: American Indian and Alaska Native 4 4.0% 6.3% 0.9% 5,881 62,555 2,932,248 Race: Asian 4 0.6% 0.6% 4.8% 939 6,253 14,674,252 Race: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 4 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 114 668 540,013 Race: Some Other Race 4 1.2% 0.6% 6.2% 1,763 5,975 19,107,368 Race: Two or More Races 4 2.8% 2.5% 2.9% 4,112 24,976 9,009,073 Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 4 4.7% 2.9% 16.3% 6,955 28,565 50,477,594 Economic Labor Force Participation Rate and Size (civilian population 16 years and over) 67.6% 63.6% 63.3% 81,943 517,807 158,897,824 Armed Forces Labor Force 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 287 3,523 1,015,464 Veterans, Age 18-64 7.7% 7.7% 5.5% 7,200 48,094 10,750,884 Median Household Income 2 $52,802 $47,169 $53,889 Per Capita Income 2 $29,576 $26,381 $28,930 Poverty Level (of all people) 11.5% 15.2% 15.5% 17,250 150,586 47,749,043 Households Receiving Food Stamps 10.1% 10.7% 13.2% 6,197 43,697 15,399,651 3
Summary 1 Percent Value Yellowstone Yellowstone Mean Commute Time (minutes) 19.2 18.1 25.9 Commute via Public Transportation 1.0% 0.8% 5.1% 756 3,955 7,362,038 Union Membership 3 13.2% 13.0% 11.1% Educational Attainment, Age 25-64 No High School Diploma 6.1% 6.0% 11.8% 4,991 31,368 19,736,243 High School Graduate 30.0% 28.7% 26.4% 24,382 150,976 43,982,863 Some College, No Degree 26.1% 25.5% 21.7% 21,213 133,967 36,187,232 Associate's Degree 8.2% 9.5% 8.8% 6,633 49,876 14,742,654 Bachelor's Degree 21.1% 21.2% 19.9% 17,129 111,641 33,245,950 Postgraduate Degree 8.4% 9.2% 11.4% 6,843 48,339 18,952,103 Housing Housing Units 65,792 488,845 133,351,840 Median House Value (of owner-occupied units) 2 $192,500 $193,500 $178,600 Homeowner Vacancy 0.9% 2.1% 1.9% 368 5,874 1,492,691 Rental Vacancy 5.7% 6.2% 6.4% 1,202 9,001 2,949,366 Renter-Occupied Housing Units (% of Occupied Units) 31.7% 32.8% 36.1% 19,492 134,331 42,214,214 Occupied Housing Units with No Vehicle Available (% of Occupied Units) 5.1% 5.2% 9.1% 3,124 21,379 10,628,474 Social Enrolled in Grade 12 (% of total population) 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1,875 11,796 4,451,334 Disconnected Youth 6 3.0% 3.6% 3.0% 222 1,849 518,859 Children in Single Parent Families (% of all children) 30.2% 30.0% 34.8% 10,351 63,693 24,408,909 Disabled, Age 18-64 10.7% 11.1% 10.3% 9,990 68,261 19,985,588 Disabled, Age 18-64, Labor Force Participation Rate and Size 48.4% 47.0% 41.0% 4,838 32,058 8,185,456 Foreign Born 2.0% 2.1% 13.2% 3,022 20,985 41,717,420 Speak English Less Than Very Well (population 5 yrs and over) 1.2% 0.9% 8.6% 1,667 8,275 25,410,756 Source: JobsEQ 1, ACS 2011-2015, unless noted otherwise 2, Median values for certain aggregate regions (such as MSAs) may be estimated as the weighted averages of the median values from the composing counties. 3, 2014; Current Population Survey, unionstats.com, and Chmura; county- and zip-level data are best estimates based upon industry-, MSA-, and state-level data 4, Census 2010 5, Disconnected Youth are 16-19 year olds who are (1) not in school, (2) not high school graduates, and (3) either unemployed or not in the labor force. 6, Census 2015, annual average growth rate since 2005 4
Employment Trends As of 2016Q4, total employment for Yellowstone was 86,600 (based on a four-quarter moving average). Over the year ending 2016Q4, employment increased 0.7% in the region. Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Unemployment Rate The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate for Yellowstone was 3.6% as of December 2016. The regional unemployment rate was lower than the national rate of 4.9%. One year earlier, in December 2015, the unemployment rate in Yellowstone was 3.4%. Unemployment rate data are from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and updated through December 2016. 5
Wage Trends The average worker in Yellowstone earned annual wages of $44,599 as of 2016Q4. Average annual wages per worker decreased 0.2% in the region during the preceding four quarters. For comparison purposes, annual average wages were $52,291 in the nation as of 2016Q4. Annual average wages per worker data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Cost of Living Index The Cost of Living Index estimates the relative price levels for consumer goods and services. When applied to wages and salaries, the result is a measure of relative purchasing power. The cost of living is 2.7% lower in Yellowstone than the U.S. average. Cost of Living Information Annual Average Salary Cost of Living Index (Base US) US Purchasing Power Yellowstone $44,662 97.3 $45,888 $40,418 101.8 $39,695 $53,271 100.0 $53,271 Source: JobsEQ Data as of 2016Q4 The Cost of Living Index is developed by Chmura Economics & Analytics and is updated quarterly. 6
Industry Snapshot The largest sector in Yellowstone is Health Care and Social Assistance, employing 13,571 workers. The next-largest sectors in the region are Retail Trade (11,907 workers) and Accommodation and Food Services (9,369). High location quotients (LQs) indicate sectors in which a region has high concentrations of employment compared to the national average. The sectors with the largest LQs in the region are Wholesale Trade (LQ = 1.62), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (1.49), and Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (1.36). Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Sectors in Yellowstone with the highest average wages per worker are Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction ($99,850), Utilities ($80,667), and Management of Companies and Enterprises ($67,566). Regional sectors with the best job growth (or most moderate job losses) over the last 5 years are Accommodation and Food Services (+1,315 jobs), Retail Trade (+1,114), and Health Care and Social Assistance (+976). Over the next 10 years, employment in Yellowstone is projected to expand by 8,734 jobs. The fastest growing sector in the region is expected to be Health Care and Social Assistance with a +1.8% year-over-year rate of growth. The strongest forecast by number of jobs over this period is expected for Health Care and Social Assistance (+2,637 jobs), Retail Trade (+1,165), and Construction (+1,068). 7
Current Historical Forecast Four Quarters Ending with 2016q4 Change over the Last 5 Average Annual % Change in Employment 2011q4-2016q4 Over the Next 10 Years Years NAICS Industry Empl Avg. Annual Wages Location Quotient Empl Yellowsto ne Approx Repl Demand Growth Demand Avg. Annual Growth Percent 11 21 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 927 $41,697 0.73 7 0.2% 1.2% 0.9% 327 11 0.1% 528 $99,850 1.49 131 5.9% -3.0% -3.5% 135 66 1.2% 22 Utilities 298 $80,667 0.64-44 -2.7% 0.2% 0.2% 75-8 -0.3% 23 Construction 6,323 $53,561 1.33 716 2.4% 2.2% 3.1% 1,332 1,068 1.6% 31 Manufacturing 3,690 $65,610 0.52 419 2.4% 2.8% 1.0% 851-39 -0.1% 42 Wholesale Trade 5,498 $56,413 1.62 313 1.2% 2.1% 1.1% 1,250 402 0.7% 44 Retail Trade 11,907 $30,189 1.27 1,114 2.0% 1.7% 1.5% 3,843 1,165 0.9% 48 Transportation and Warehousing 4,148 $49,432 1.16 145 0.7% 1.1% 2.5% 1,086 70 0.2% 51 Information 1,245 $47,652 0.72-39 -0.6% -2.5% 0.8% 284-131 -1.1% 52 Finance and Insurance 3,059 $67,535 0.89-51 -0.3% 0.6% 1.1% 748 271 0.9% 53 54 55 56 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 1,387 $40,640 0.95 162 2.5% 1.3% 1.9% 316 76 0.5% 5,268 $60,435 0.92 530 2.1% 2.2% 2.6% 1,155 761 1.4% 584 $67,566 0.46-27 -0.9% 0.8% 3.1% 127 40 0.7% 3,764 $32,241 0.67-1,612-6.9% -2.4% 2.7% 889 471 1.2% 61 Educational Services 4,782 $43,043 0.67 30 0.1% 0.2% 0.5% 1,040 456 0.9% 62 71 72 81 Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Accommodation and Food Services Other Services (except Public Administration) 13,571 $54,060 1.11 976 1.5% 2.1% 2.4% 2,823 2,637 1.8% 2,315 $18,908 1.36 371 3.6% 2.1% 2.3% 733 226 0.9% 9,369 $18,040 1.21 1,315 3.1% 3.0% 3.2% 3,392 777 0.8% 3,982 $28,565 1.04 238 1.2% 1.3% -0.1% 1,033 326 0.8% 92 Public Administration 3,951 $55,955 0.96 198 1.0% 0.3% -0.1% 964 90 0.2% 99 Unclassified 5 $24,725 0.03 1 2.4% 4.8% 12.7% 1 0 1.0% - All Industries 86,600 $44,599 1.00 4,894 1.2% 1.4% 1.7% 21,979 8,734 1.0% Source: JobsEQ Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Forecast employment growth uses national projections adapted for regional growth patterns. 8
Occupation Snapshot The largest major occupation group in Yellowstone is Office and Administrative Support, employing 12,704 workers. The next-largest occupation groups in the region are Sales and Related (10,885 workers) and Food Preparation and Serving Related (8,898). High location quotients (LQs) indicate occupation groups in which a region has high concentrations of employment compared to the national average. The major groups with the largest LQs in the region are Construction and Extraction (LQ = 1.27), Installation, Maintenance, and Repair (1.22), and Sales and Related (1.21). Occupation groups in Yellowstone with the highest average wages per worker are Management ($96,100), Healthcare Practitioners and Technical ($75,500), and Architecture and Engineering ($74,200). The unemployment rate in the region varied among the major groups from 1.0% among Legal to 5.3% among Food Preparation and Serving Related. Over the next 10 years, the fastest growing occupation group in Yellowstone is expected to be Healthcare Support with a +2.0% year-over-year rate of growth. The strongest forecast by number of jobs over this period is expected for Sales and Related (+1,045 jobs) and Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (+956). Over the same period, the highest replacement demand (occupation demand due to retirements and workers moving from one occupation to another) is expected in Sales and Related (3,674 jobs) and Food Preparation and Serving Related (3,543). Occupation Snapshot in Yellowstone Current Historical Forecast Four Quarters Ending with 2016q4 2016q3 Change over the Last 5 Avg Ann % Chg in Empl 2011q4-2016q4 Over the Next 10 Years Years SOC Title Empl Avg. Annual Wages 1 LQ Unempl Unempl Rate Empl Yellowst one Montan a Montan a Current Online Job Ads 2 Repl Demand Growth Demand Avg. Annual Growth Percent 11- Management 4,847 $96,100 0.93 71 1.5% 169 0.7% 1.0% 1.5% 254 1,637 418 0.8% 13-15- 17-19- 21-23- Business and Financial Operations Computer and Mathematical Architecture and Engineering Life, Physical, and Social Science Community and Social Service 3,592 $66,200 0.85 87 2.4% -13-0.1% 0.6% 1.7% 160 844 428 1.1% 1,756 $68,200 0.74 41 2.4% -22-0.2% 1.8% 2.6% 84 280 292 1.6% 1,432 $74,200 0.99 20 1.4% 128 1.9% 1.2% 1.2% 39 368 135 0.9% 564 $65,900 0.81 7 1.3% 36 1.3% 0.5% 1.2% 33 183 63 1.1% 1,328 $39,200 0.96 30 2.3% 65 1.0% 1.3% 1.7% 80 303 206 1.5% Legal 606 $73,200 0.89 6 1.0% 3 0.1% 0.1% 0.4% 14 125 58 0.9% 25- Education, Training, 3,532 $41,000 0.72 138 3.8% -9 0.0% 0.2% 0.6% 59 800 386 1.0% 9
Occupation Snapshot in Yellowstone Current Historical Forecast Four Quarters Ending with 2016q4 2016q3 Change over the Last 5 Avg Ann % Chg in Empl 2011q4-2016q4 Over the Next 10 Years Years SOC Title Empl Avg. Annual Wages 1 LQ Unempl Unempl Rate Empl Yellowst one Montan a Montan a Current Online Job Ads 2 Repl Demand Growth Demand Avg. Annual Growth Percent and Library 27-29- 31-33- 35-37- 39-41- 43-45- 47-49- Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Healthcare Support Protective Service Food Preparation and Serving Related Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Personal Care and Service Sales and Related Office and Administrative Support Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Construction and Extraction Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 51- Production 53-00- Transportation and Material Moving 1,232 $38,400 0.82 37 3.1% -36-0.6% 0.7% 1.3% 60 448 46 0.4% 5,598 $75,500 1.14 65 1.2% 367 1.4% 1.9% 1.6% 559 1,268 956 1.6% 2,594 $29,100 1.02 91 3.6% 124 1.0% 1.9% 2.3% 113 590 580 2.0% 1,481 $40,100 0.88 42 2.9% 78 1.1% 0.4% 1.0% 49 347 103 0.7% 8,898 $22,100 1.19 466 5.3% 1,185 2.9% 2.7% 3.0% 352 3,543 798 0.9% 3,068 $26,400 0.98 123 4.1% 190 1.3% 2.1% 1.1% 121 725 320 1.0% 3,257 $24,500 0.94 108 3.4% 223 1.4% 1.5% 2.4% 172 963 487 1.4% 10,885 $34,400 1.21 379 3.6% 784 1.5% 1.3% 1.4% 786 3,674 1,045 0.9% 12,704 $34,200 0.97 411 3.3% 451 0.7% 0.9% 1.7% 477 2,903 601 0.5% 303 $27,000 0.54 11 3.7% 33 2.3% 3.2% 1.5% 5 171 3 0.1% 4,884 $46,800 1.27 206 3.9% 456 2.0% 1.4% 2.4% 111 958 779 1.5% 4,039 $43,100 1.22 112 2.7% 437 2.3% 1.4% 1.7% 242 1,031 423 1.0% 3,474 $39,700 0.65 154 4.3% 119 0.7% 1.6% 1.4% 70 986 129 0.4% 6,524 $37,200 1.12 321 4.8% 126 0.4% 1.3% 2.2% 333 1,735 468 0.7% - All 86,600 $43,100 1.00 n/a n/a 4,894 1.2% 1.4% 1.7% 4,173 23,881 8,726 1.0% Source: JobsEQ Data as of 2016Q4 unless noted otherwise Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding. 1. Occupation wages are as of 2015 and should be taken as the average for all Covered Employment 2. Data represent found online ads active within the last thirty days in any zip code intersecting or within the selected region; data represents a sampling rather than the complete universe of postings. Occupation employment data are estimated via industry employment data and the estimated industry/occupation mix. Industry employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and currently updated through 2016Q2, imputed where necessary with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Wages by 10
occupation are as of 2015 provided by the BLS and imputed where necessary. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns. 11
Industry Clusters A cluster is a geographic concentration of interrelated industries or occupations. The industry cluster in Yellowstone with the highest relative concentration is Coal/Oil/Power with a location quotient of 2.55. This cluster employs 1,964 workers in the region with an average wage of $110,909. Employment in the Coal/Oil/Power cluster is projected to expand in the region about 0.3% per year over the next ten years. Location quotient and average wage data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, imputed where necessary, and updated through 2016Q2 with preliminary estimates updated to 2016Q4. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns. Education Levels Expected growth rates for occupations vary by the education and training required. While all employment in Yellowstone is projected to grow 1.0% over the next ten years, occupations typically requiring a postgraduate degree are expected to grow 1.5% per year, those requiring a bachelor s degree are forecast to grow 1.1% per year, and occupations typically needing a 2-year degree or certificate are expected to grow 1.2% per year. Employment by occupation data are estimates are as of 2016Q4. Education levels of occupations are based on BLS assignments. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns. 12
FAQ What is a location quotient? A location quotient (LQ) is a measurement of concentration in comparison to the nation. An LQ of 1.00 indicates a region has the same concentration of an industry (or occupation) as the nation. An LQ of 2.00 would mean the region has twice the expected employment compared to the nation and an LQ of 0.50 would mean the region has half the expected employment in comparison to the nation. What is replacement demand? Replacement demand is the number of jobs required due to replacements retirements and turnover resulting from workers moving from one occupation into another. Note that replacement demand does not include all turnover it does not include when workers stay in the same occupation but switch employers. The replacement demand shown in this report may also be understated; thus, it can be taken to be a minimum measure of the number of workers who will need to be trained for the occupation due to replacements. The total projected demand for an occupation is the sum of the replacement demand and the growth demand (which is the increase or decrease of jobs in an occupation expected due to expansion or contraction of the overall number of jobs in that occupation). What is a cluster? A cluster is a geographic concentration of interrelated industries or occupations. If a regional cluster has a location quotient of 1.25 or greater, the region is considered to possess a competitive advantage in that cluster. What is the difference between industry wages and occupation wages? Industry wages and occupation wages are estimated via separate data sets, often the time periods being reported do not align, and wages are defined slightly differently in the two systems (for example, certain bonuses are included in the industry wages but not the occupation wages). It is therefore common that estimates of the average industry wages and average occupation wages in a region do not match exactly. What is NAICS? The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used to classify business establishments according to the type of economic activity. The NAICS Code comprises six levels, from the all industry level to the 6-digit level. The first two digits define the top level category, known as the sector, which is the level examined in this report. What is SOC? The Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC) is used to classify workers into occupational categories. All workers are classified into one of over 820 occupations according to their occupational definition. To facilitate classification, occupations are combined to form 23 major groups, 96 minor groups, and 449 occupation groups. Each occupation group includes detailed occupations requiring similar job duties, skills, education, or experience. About This Report This report and all data herein were produced by JobsEQ, a product of Chmura Economics & Analytics. The information contained herein was obtained from sources we believe to be reliable. However, we cannot guarantee its accuracy and completeness. 13