White Paper Getting in Front of the Problem: How Can Hospitals Empower Denial Prevention and Management? Healthcare providers are chiefly concerned with two things: Ensuring patients receive the highest quality of care, and getting paid for that care. Despite advances in medical technology and a declining number of uninsured Americans, hospitals still experience difficulty getting paid fully and in a timely manner today. Hospital and health system CEOs have named financial challenges as their No. 1 concern every year from 2012 to 2014, according to the American College of Healthcare Executives.¹ Claim denials are a significant contributor to these challenges. Denials are a pervasive and persistent problem, as up to 1 in 5 claims are delayed or denied.² This represents a significant financial drain, ultimately costing healthcare organizations roughly 3% of their net revenue stream, according to The Advisory Board Company.³ There is no single root cause for denials, nor is there one single trouble area. Rather, problems that lead to a denied claim occur throughout the revenue cycle. When attacking denials, hospitals can employ certain best practices that yield positive results, regardless of an organization s size. For instance, Knox Community Hospital, a 99-bed communityowned nonprofit in Mount Vernon, Ohio, and Orlando Health (Fla.), a health system with six acute care hospitals and 2,295 beds, employed a similar approach, and both saw significant decreases in denied claims. As those organizations can attest, there are three key steps to keeping denials at a minimum. First, take steps to prevent them on the front-end. Second, when denials do occur, 1 Survey: Healthcare Finance, Reform Top Issues Confronting Hospitals in 2014. American College of Healthcare Executives, 2014. http:// www.ache.org/pubs/research/ceoissues.cfm 2 Automated Billing/Payment Process Can Reduce U.S. Health Care Costs without Sacrificing Patient Care. PNC Financial Services Group, November 2007 3 Driving the Denials Management Initiative, a Renewed Focus. The Advisory Board Company, Washington, D.C., web conference, July 2009 1
The First Step in Denial Prevention? Identify where errors and inefficiencies occur. Errors commonly originate in several areas of the revenue cycle,⁴ including: Registration data entry Pre-authorization and medical necessity Eligibility and benefits checking Clinical documentation Coding Claim editing Other regulatory requirements manage them through efficient workflows and processes. Finally, analyze denials, identify common causes and integrate this information back into your prevention strategy. An Analytics-Based Approach A single-digit denial rate still means tens of thousands of denied claims for large hospitals and health systems each year. The revenue cycle contains many touchpoints, presenting ample room for error and for claims to go awry. Any attempt to control denials reactively or in an isolated manner will result in inefficient use of staff and a continuing denials issue. Strategically addressing denials with an analyticsdriven approach, on the other hand, improves the efficiency of the entire revenue cycle. Taking a big-picture approach empowers revenue cycle leaders and staff to identify processes and errors that contribute to denials. Where do the bulk of errors occur in your organization? This is something Orlando Health wanted to learn. In 2012, the health system invited a consultant to assess its financial performance. One area noted for improvement turned out to be claim denials. The consultant identified 9,231 denials between January and March 2012, according to Bridget Walters, corporate director of patient accounting at Orlando Health, and Cyndra Alderman, manager of billing and governmental patient accounting at Orlando Health.⁵ The system gathered those 9,231 discovered denials and conducted data analysis to stratify them by root cause. The analysis found most denials stemmed from: Authorization (annualized denial amount: $5.7 million) Requests for additional information ($4.2 million) Medical necessity ($3.5 million) Claims for services that were not covered ($3.2 million) Coordination of benefits from primary carrier coverage ($1.7 million) It s imperative we start at the time of the first patient encounter, which is pre-registration, to ensure the patient information is correct and valid. You can t be effective on the back-end without technology to ensure data quality on the front-end. Daren Bush, Director of Patient Financial Services at Knox Community Hospital As Ms. Walters, Ms. Alderman, and their colleagues set out to devise a transformation strategy to better position the health system to combat denials, they identified three essential elements of the initiative: people, processes, and technology. First, Ms. Walters and Ms. Alderman created an enterprise-wide denials task force (comprised of 15 full-time employees and led by an administrator) to centralize its previously departmentalized denials management approach. 4 Denial Management and Prevention, Change Healthcare Solutions, 2015 5 Reducing Denials and Increasing Revenue with Workflow Redesign Bridget B. Walters & Cyndra Aderman, Orlando Health, July 2015 2
They then set out to tune up their processes. Orlando Health needed to establish processes that spanned beyond payer-specific issues to fight denials before the point of appeals. To address the various other potential sources of denials, the health system created 22 workflows by denial category to increase effectiveness. Finally, it adopted new analytics solutions. Previously, Orlando Health revenue cycle staff manually loaded denials into a home-grown database. The health system lacked a standard denial mapping review and categorization method. After incorporating revenue cyclespecific analytics, the system was able to standardize denial mapping by payer, analyze revenue denial and recovery rate data, and optimize workflow. Denials Prevention While approximately two-thirds of denials are recoverable, 90 percent are preventable.⁶ However, prevention requires new levels of visibility and knowledge of where and why problems originate. It also requires staff flexibility to change the processes and workflows to which they have grown accustomed. Before service, determining patient coverage and ensuring clean patient data are critical components in denials prevention. The culture has always been, They ll fix it on the back-end. Those days are gone, says Daren Bush, director of patient financial services at Knox Community Hospital. It s imperative we start at the time of the first patient encounter, which is pre-registration, to ensure the patient information is correct and valid. You can t be effective on the back-end without technology to ensure data quality on the front-end. Identifying eligibility at the very beginning of the revenue cycle is the first line of defense. When front office staff have accurate patient financial information upfront, the hospital experiences fewer rejected claims and returned statements.⁷ Problems can arise when patients identify as selfpaying at the point of registration. If registration staff have the ability to verify if the patient is covered by Medicare or Medicaid, as well as identify Medicaid/Medicare HMO coverage that is often missed, these patients can be reclassified to covered and the provider can secure payment. Another important area of focus for denial prevention is pre-authorization and medical necessity management. Many hospitals struggle with the increasing complexity of preauthorization and medical necessity payer requirements that lead to costly provider rework, resubmissions, denials, and write-offs. In his experience, Mr. Bush says medical necessity is the most common cause of denials. Insurance companies use it and it s very vague, he says. It can mean a number of things. Ensuring a patient service is medically necessary at the point of registration helps prevent this issue down the road. Certain services and tests are more susceptible to medical necessity scrutiny than others. According to industry analysis, five revenue codes have the highest likelihood for medical necessity outpatient denials nationwide.⁸ These include: Revenue code 301 (laboratory chemistry test) denied 38% of the time Revenue code 300 (laboratory general test) denied 28% of the time Revenue code 360 (operating room services) denied 18% of the time Revenue code 305 (laboratory hematology services) denied 15% of the time Revenue code 404 (PET scan) denied 9% of the time Automating the management of preauthorization and medical necessity processes can help prevent downstream denials, accelerate overall care decisions through administrative care coordination, and increase patient satisfaction by ensuring quick administrative and payer decision resolution. The focus on claim cleanliness and patient coverage continues after service by employing 6 An ounce of prevention pays off: 90% of denials are preventable. The Advisory Board Company, Dec. 11, 2014 7 Denial Prevention, Management and Analysis: Revenue Cycle Visibility to Help Reduce Denials, Delays and Downtime. Change Healthcare, 2015 8 Medical Necessity Outpatient Denials, Change Healthcare Solutions, 2015 3
timely and complete claim edits, such as those addressing regulatory, payer-specific, medical necessity, and clinical requirements. This is a continuous effort and implementing edits for any changes that impact claims processing must be made before the effective date or denials will occur. It s also very effective to have a process in place to check eligibility one last time before claims submission to identify lapses or changes in coverage. Ensuring clear and quick identification of coding errors prior to claims submission is also an integral part of preventing denials as well as avoiding the opportunity cost of waiting for days only to have to rework and resubmit claims. Finally, delays getting a clean claim out the door not only slow down payment but could determine whether the claim is paid or becomes an irreversible denial. Missing filing deadlines is easily avoidable, but only if there is awareness. By analyzing the reason claims are rejected in the first place, revenue cycle managers have the power to address the problem at its source, rather than perpetuate it. The ability to set alerts on claims drawing near to the filing deadline can prevent denials on claims that are completely compliant otherwise. Denials prevention must be a continuous strategic initiative with buy-in from multiple departments, according to Ms. Walters and Ms. Alderman. But as hospitals know, prevention isn t the only strategy to employ. Denials Management Despite taking every preventive measure available, denials will still occur. The key to lessening the negative impact is advanced workflow that lets staff manage all types of claims in one workflow to make the process as efficient as possible and bring more data into one place for more Codes that have the highest likelihood for medical necessity outpatient denials nationwide: Revenue code 301 (laboratory chemistry test) denied 38% of the time Revenue code 300 (laboratory general test) denied 28% of the time Revenue code 360 (operating room services) denied 18% of the time Revenue code 305 (laboratory hematology services) denied 15% of the time Revenue code 404 (PET scan) denied 9% of the time comprehensive denial analysis. Traditional claims management and follow-up is labor-intensive and complex, but an approach leveraging enhanced claim life cycle visibility can improve staff productivity and help speed payment. Greater transparency means staff sees where all claims are in the process at any given time those claims that need attention immediately, those that are progressing as they should, and those that may be headed for trouble. Analyticsdriven claims management learns from high volumes of data moving to and from payers and uses that intelligence to inform typical patterns and timing of payer responses and remittance. As timing thresholds are passed, a smart claims system can alert the user that human intervention is needed. Rather than numerous phone calls to payers to confirm a claim is progressing as expected or to find problems, a user can focus on claims known to be in trouble or denied and make the appropriate steps to fix the problem or gather missing information. When a claim is denied, one goal is to act in a way that helps gain the most complete and accurate reimbursement possible. It is imperative to review all denials within 72 hours and act on them within seven days. By promptly correcting claims such as by adding missing or incomplete information the chance for reimbursement improves significantly. The sooner staff knows a claim is in trouble, the sooner they can begin to 4
work toward the best resolution possible.⁹ While it may be tempting to correct each individual claim, work each denial and send it on its way, doing so negates denial prevention opportunities.¹⁰ By analyzing the reason claims are rejected in the first place, revenue cycle managers have the power to address the problem at its source, rather than perpetuate it. Denial Analysis Through denial analysis, revenue cycle managers not only take steps to prevent and mitigate issues that lead to denials, but they access nuanced, Data is powerful and can change behavior. In most departments, if you show them something quick and easily identifiable, it is most effective. Don t overdo the data; make it visual and easy to understand. Bridget Walters, corporate director of patient accounting at Orlando Health actionable insights to inform more efficient processes and compare performance metrics with hospital peers to gain context is our performance good, bad, or right on track? Claims management solutions generate vast amounts of data. Unfortunately, most healthcare organizations lack the ability to extract the true value of this information. When data originates from incongruent sources or is outdated, it is impossible to unlock insights to support strategic decisions. Revenue cycle analytics provide near real-time visibility into overall revenue cycle performance by integrating data from across multiple facilities and by comparing metrics to peers across the industry, including best performers. Equipped with more complete and timely data, revenue cycle staff is well-positioned to immediately see where performance is lagging and the root cause of issues. Advanced intelligence enables the prioritization of improvement efforts based on dollar-value impact. Understanding which specialties, departments, physicians or payers are contributing most to denials and having data to empower confident discussions is the key to correcting behavior that will produce positive results. Revenue cycle analytics such as this have been Mr. Bush s saving grace at Knox Community Hospital. He is now able to take all of the gathered data and insights and compile it into a nice, tight, pretty little package that I can sell the rest of the directors in a language they can relate to which is volume and dollars. Ms. Walters and Ms. Alderman expressed similar thoughts at Orlando Health. Having easy access to meaningful, actionable data without relying on IT to pull reports has led to significant and rapid improvement in reducing denials after identifying the root cause. Data is powerful and can change behavior. In most departments, if you show them something quick and easily identifiable, it is most effective. Don t overdo the data; make it visual and easy to understand, said Ms. Walters. You must have some kind of stimulus to get them moving. If you can clearly tie denials back to one department, or even a particular physician, those people will get kind of antsy. Well, we need them to be antsy so the back-end isn t doing all of the work. Conclusion By employing the steps detailed above, both Knox Community Hospital and Orlando Health have experienced significant improvement in denial rates. Prior to starting a denials management initiative, Knox Community Hospital s clean claim rate ranged between 60 and 65%, according to 9 Improve the claims management process: Preventing payer denials by Debra Beauliew-Volk, Medical Economics. Feb. 18, 2015. http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/managed-healthcare-executive/news/improve-claims-management-processpreventing-payer-denials ¹⁰ 3 Reasons Why a Local Health Department s Insurance Claims May Be Denied by Marciella Ardolino, Smart HealthClaims, Jan. 30, 2014. http://www.smarthealthclaims.com/blog_post/3_reasons_why_local_health_departments_insurance_claims_may_be_denied 5
Mr. Bush. Since reinforcing its prevention, management and analysis efforts, the hospital achieved a consistent 88% clean claim rate across the board. The Medicare clean claim rate improved dramatically, from approximately 62% to 98% and clean claims mean fewer denials and lower AR days. Orlando Health also saw marked improvement. According to Ms. Walters and Ms. Alderman, the latest analysis showed a 15% improvement to the claim acceptance rate. Authorization-related denials decreased by $3 million, eligibility-related denials decreased by $112,000 and billing errorrelated denials decreased by $265,000. Inspiring a Better Healthcare System changehealthcare.com 2017 Change Healthcare Operations, LLC. All rights reserved. 6