Economic Overview Long Island

Report created on August 29, 2017 Economic Overview Long Island Contact: Lisa.Montiel@suny.edu

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE... 3 EMPLOYMENT TRENDS... 5 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE... 5 WAGE TRENDS... 6 COST OF LIVING INDEX... 6 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT... 7 OCCUPATION SNAPSHOT... 9 INDUSTRY CLUSTERS... 11 EDUCATION LEVELS... 11 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT... 12 REGION DEFINITION... 13 FAQ... 14 2

Demographic Profile In 2016, the population in the Long Island was 2,854,083. Between 2006 and 2016, the region s population grew at an annual average rate of 0.2%. The region has a civilian labor force of 1,497,597 with a participation rate of 65.2%. Of individuals 25 to 64 in the Long Island, 41.0% have a bachelor s degree or higher which compares with 31.3% in the nation. The median household income in the Long Island is $93,756 and the median house value is $408,905. Summary 1 Percent Value Demographics Long Island New York USA Long Island New York USA Population 6 2,854,083 19,745,289 323,127,513 Population Annual Average Growth 6 0.2% 0.3% 0.8% 5,355 64,066 2,474,760 Median Age 2,4 40.4 38.0 37.2 Under 18 Years 4 23.6% 22.3% 24.0% 669,250 4,324,929 74,181,467 18 to 24 Years 4 8.6% 10.2% 9.9% 242,629 1,983,517 30,672,088 25 to 34 Years 4 10.9% 13.7% 13.3% 309,241 2,659,337 41,063,948 35 to 44 Years 4 13.8% 13.5% 13.3% 390,973 2,610,017 41,070,606 45 to 54 Years 4 16.4% 14.9% 14.6% 463,767 2,878,691 45,006,716 55 to 64 Years 4 12.4% 11.9% 11.8% 350,548 2,303,668 36,482,729 65 to 74 Years 4 7.3% 7.0% 7.0% 206,290 1,360,602 21,713,429 75 Years, and Over 4 7.1% 6.5% 6.0% 200,184 1,257,341 18,554,555 Race: White 4 77.1% 65.7% 72.4% 2,183,874 12,740,974 223,553,265 Race: Black or African American 4 9.2% 15.9% 12.6% 260,273 3,073,800 38,929,319 Race: American Indian and Alaska Native 4 0.3% 0.6% 0.9% 8,551 106,906 2,932,248 Race: Asian 4 5.4% 7.3% 4.8% 153,238 1,420,244 14,674,252 Race: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 4 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 831 8,766 540,013 Race: Some Other Race 4 5.6% 7.4% 6.2% 158,176 1,441,563 19,107,368 Race: Two or More Races 4 2.4% 3.0% 2.9% 67,939 585,849 9,009,073 Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 4 15.6% 17.6% 16.3% 441,594 3,416,922 50,477,594 Economic Labor Force Participation Rate and Size (civilian population 16 years and over) 65.2% 63.3% 63.3% 1,497,597 10,083,719 158,897,824 Armed Forces Labor Force 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 1,032 23,559 1,015,464 Veterans, Age 18-64 2.6% 3.0% 5.5% 46,465 382,054 10,750,884 Median Household Income 2 $93,756 $59,269 $53,889 Per Capita Income $40,277 $33,236 $28,930 Poverty Level (of all people) 6.6% 15.7% 15.5% 185,415 3,005,943 47,749,043 Households Receiving Food Stamps 5.9% 15.4% 13.2% 54,777 1,120,886 15,399,651 Mean Commute Time (minutes) 33.1 32.3 25.9 Commute via Public Transportation 11.2% 27.8% 5.1% 153,531 2,521,039 7,362,038 3

Summary 1 Percent Value Long Island New York USA Long Island New York USA Union Membership 3 23.3% 23.5% 10.7% Educational Attainment, Age 25-64 No High School Diploma 8.3% 12.3% 11.8% 126,157 1,306,879 19,736,243 High School Graduate 24.0% 24.9% 26.4% 363,907 2,641,113 43,982,863 Some College, No Degree 17.2% 16.8% 21.7% 260,716 1,787,450 36,187,232 Associate's Degree 9.5% 9.4% 8.8% 143,486 998,201 14,742,654 Bachelor's Degree 23.4% 21.3% 19.9% 354,125 2,264,242 33,245,950 Postgraduate Degree 17.6% 15.2% 11.4% 266,775 1,617,475 18,952,103 Housing Housing Units 1,037,450 8,171,725 133,351,840 Median House Value (of owner-occupied units) 2 $408,905 $283,400 $178,600 Homeowner Vacancy 1.3% 1.8% 1.9% 10,212 70,718 1,492,691 Rental Vacancy 4.6% 4.3% 6.4% 9,181 153,504 2,949,366 Renter-Occupied Housing Units (% of Occupied Units) 20.2% 46.4% 36.1% 188,322 3,367,557 42,214,214 Occupied Housing Units with No Vehicle Available (% of Occupied Units) 6.6% 29.4% 9.1% 61,285 2,132,048 10,628,474 Social Enrolled in Grade 12 (% of total population) 1.5% 1.4% 1.4% 43,731 269,018 4,451,334 Disconnected Youth 5 1.6% 3.1% 3.0% 2,482 32,468 518,859 Children in Single Parent Families (% of all children) 23.0% 35.6% 34.8% 142,660 1,444,567 24,408,909 With a Disability, Age 18-64 6.4% 8.6% 10.3% 112,002 1,075,396 19,985,588 With a Disability, Age 18-64, Labor Force Participation Rate and Size 42.3% 38.9% 41.0% 47,377 418,455 8,185,456 Foreign Born 18.2% 22.5% 13.2% 520,685 4,422,741 41,717,420 Speak English Less Than Very Well (population 5 yrs and over) 10.4% 13.5% 8.6% 281,694 2,491,216 25,410,756 Source: JobsEQ 1. ACS 2011-2015, unless noted otherwise 2. Median values for certain aggregate regions (such as MSAs) may be estimated as the weighted averages of the median values from the composing counties. 3. 2016; Current Population Survey, unionstats.com, and Chmura; county- and zip-level data are best estimates based upon industry-, MSA-, and state-level data 4. Census 2010 5. Disconnected Youth are 16-19 year olds who are (1) not in school, (2) not high school graduates, and (3) either unemployed or not in the labor force. 6. Census 2016, annual average growth rate since 2006 4

Employment Trends As of 2017Q1, total employment for the Long Island was 1,376,009 (based on a four-quarter moving average). Over the year ending 2017Q1, employment increased 1.1% in the region. Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q3 with preliminary estimates updated to 2017Q1. Unemployment Rate The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate for the Long Island was 4.1% as of June 2017. The regional unemployment rate was lower than the national rate of 4.3%. One year earlier, in June 2016, the unemployment rate in the Long Island was 4.0%. Unemployment rate data are from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and updated through June 2017. 5

Wage Trends The average worker in the Long Island earned annual wages of $59,597 as of 2017Q1. Average annual wages per worker increased 3.9% in the region during the preceding four quarters. For comparison purposes, annual average wages were $53,246 in the nation as of 2017Q1. Annual average wages per worker data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q3 with preliminary estimates updated to 2017Q1. Cost of Living Index The Cost of Living Index estimates the relative price levels for consumer goods and services. When applied to wages and salaries, the result is a measure of relative purchasing power. The cost of living is 53.1% higher in Long Island than the U.S. average. Cost of Living Information Annual Average Salary Cost of Living Index (Base US) US Purchasing Power Long Island $59,597 153.1 $38,934 New York $66,332 136.3 $48,671 USA $53,246 100.0 $53,246 Source: JobsEQ Data as of 2017Q1 Cost of Living per C2ER, data as of 2017q1, imputed by Chmura where necessary. 6

Industry Snapshot The largest sector in the Long Island is Health Care and Social Assistance, employing 235,264 workers. The nextlargest sectors in the region are Retail Trade (166,454 workers) and Educational Services (134,573). High location quotients (LQs) indicate sectors in which a region has high concentrations of employment compared to the national average. The sectors with the largest LQs in the region are Wholesale Trade (LQ = 1.21), Health Care and Social Assistance (1.20), and Educational Services (1.18). Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q3 with preliminary estimates updated to 2017Q1. Sectors in the Long Island with the highest average wages per worker are Finance and Insurance ($119,049), Management of Companies and Enterprises ($117,736), and Utilities ($111,871). Regional sectors with the best job growth (or most moderate job losses) over the last 5 years are Health Care and Social Assistance (+18,213 jobs), Construction (+15,601), and Accommodation and Food Services (+13,435). Over the next 10 years, employment in the Long Island is projected to expand by 40,924 jobs. The fastest growing sector in the region is expected to be Health Care and Social Assistance with a +1.6% year-over-year rate of growth. The strongest forecast by number of jobs over this period is expected for Health Care and Social Assistance (+40,380 jobs), Construction (+7,751), and Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (+5,168). 7

Current Historical Forecast Four Quarters Ending with 2017q1 Change over the Last 5 Years Average Annual % Change in Employment 2012q1-2017q1 Over the Next 10 Years NAICS Industry Empl Avg. Annual Wages Location Quotient Empl Long Island New York USA Approx Repl Demand Growth Demand Avg. Annual Growth Percent 11 21 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 3,462 $42,685 0.17 174 1.0% 1.3% 0.8% 1,153-356 -1.1% 192 $95,866 0.03 2 0.2% -1.3% -4.5% 45-9 -0.5% 22 Utilities 5,731 $111,871 0.78 440 1.6% 0.6% 0.1% 1,386-592 -1.1% 23 Construction 87,813 $66,810 1.16 15,601 4.0% 3.1% 3.1% 17,850 7,751 0.8% 31 Manufacturing 72,802 $67,562 0.64-2,386-0.6% -0.6% 0.9% 15,910-8,423-1.2% 42 Wholesale Trade 65,415 $81,359 1.21 637 0.2% 0.2% 1.0% 14,329-328 -0.1% 44 Retail Trade 166,454 $35,229 1.12 6,093 0.7% 0.8% 1.4% 50,654-4,430-0.3% 48 Transportation and Warehousing 52,603 $57,196 0.92 3,841 1.5% 1.5% 2.5% 13,208-3,551-0.7% 51 Information 24,377 $109,410 0.88-5,246-3.8% 0.9% 0.8% 5,589-2,301-1.0% 52 Finance and Insurance 55,619 $119,049 1.02-1,036-0.4% 0.3% 1.1% 13,176 1,081 0.2% 53 54 55 56 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 24,630 $65,632 1.06 1,596 1.3% 1.4% 1.9% 5,456-80 0.0% 92,900 $79,262 1.02 3,215 0.7% 2.6% 2.6% 19,571 5,168 0.5% 15,729 $117,736 0.78 1,690 2.3% 1.3% 3.0% 3,321-7 0.0% 82,509 $43,865 0.93 9,365 2.4% 2.2% 2.7% 18,741 3,263 0.4% 61 Educational Services 134,573 $66,109 1.18 1,649 0.2% 0.9% 0.7% 28,119 1,215 0.1% 62 71 72 81 Health Care and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Accommodation and Food Services Other Services (except Public Administration) 235,264 $59,298 1.20 18,213 1.6% 1.9% 2.5% 48,464 40,380 1.6% 28,135 $35,698 1.04 1,575 1.2% 2.3% 2.3% 8,640 861 0.3% 100,030 $23,992 0.82 13,435 2.9% 3.2% 3.0% 35,014 1,098 0.1% 64,753 $31,987 1.06 3,788 1.2% 1.4% -0.1% 16,252 772 0.1% 92 Public Administration 52,193 $77,388 0.80-1,770-0.7% -0.6% 0.0% 12,483-909 -0.2% 99 Unclassified 10,826 $36,142 3.90 6,093 18.0% 20.0% 13.0% 2,660 322 0.3% - All Industries 1,376,009 $59,597 1.00 76,970 1.2% 1.5% 1.7% 337,956 40,924 0.3% Source: JobsEQ Employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and imputed where necessary. Data are updated through 2016Q3 with preliminary estimates updated to 2017Q1. Forecast employment growth uses national projections adapted for regional growth patterns. 8

Occupation Snapshot The largest major occupation group in the Long Island is Office and Administrative Support, employing 210,596 workers. The next-largest occupation groups in the region are Sales and Related (153,534 workers) and Food Preparation and Serving Related (103,450). High location quotients (LQs) indicate occupation groups in which a region has high concentrations of employment compared to the national average. The major groups with the largest LQs in the region are Legal (LQ = 1.61), Healthcare Support (1.44), and Education, Training, and Library (1.27). Occupation groups in the Long Island with the highest average wages per worker are Management ($144,800), Legal ($113,000), and Computer and Mathematical ($89,000). The unemployment rate in the region varied among the major groups from 0.9% among Healthcare Practitioners and Technical to 8.8% among Construction and Extraction. Over the next 10 years, the fastest growing occupation group in the Long Island is expected to be Healthcare Support with a +2.1% year-over-year rate of growth. The strongest forecast by number of jobs over this period is expected for Healthcare Support (+13,242 jobs) and Healthcare Practitioners and Technical (+12,192). Over the same period, the highest replacement demand (occupation demand due to retirements and workers moving from one occupation to another) is expected in Sales and Related (48,012 jobs) and Office and Administrative Support (45,592). Occupation Snapshot in Long Island Current Historical Forecast Four Quarters Ending with 2017q1 2017q1 Change over the Last 5 Years Avg Ann % Chg in Empl 2012q1-2017q1 Over the Next 10 Years SOC Title Empl Avg. Annual Wages 1 LQ Unempl Unempl Rate Empl Long Island New York USA Current Online Job Ads 2 Repl Demand Growth Demand Avg. Annual Growth Percent 11- Management 13-15- 17-19- 21-23- 25- Business and Financial Operations Computer and Mathematical Architecture and Engineering Life, Physical, and Social Science Community and Social Service 78,006 $144,800 0.93 1,654 1.9% 2,954 0.8% 1.4% 1.6% 2,469 24,046 2,622 0.3% 68,887 $82,200 0.97 2,410 3.0% 2,059 0.6% 1.4% 1.7% 2,153 16,055 3,576 0.5% 32,839 $89,000 0.82 1,066 2.8% 658 0.4% 2.2% 2.6% 2,254 5,001 2,259 0.7% 15,873 $82,600 0.68 402 2.4% 106 0.1% 1.3% 1.1% 499 3,917-170 -0.1% 10,939 $77,100 0.95 224 1.9% 204 0.4% 1.3% 1.2% 330 3,346 638 0.6% 20,179 $52,600 0.92 299 1.3% 735 0.7% 1.3% 1.9% 951 4,458 1,828 0.9% Legal 18,368 $113,000 1.61 260 1.3% 496 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 218 3,587 434 0.2% Education, Training, and Library 99,705 $65,000 1.27 1,760 1.7% 1,732 0.4% 1.0% 0.8% 774 21,458 2,075 0.2% 27- Arts, Design, 22,641 $58,900 0.91 926 3.1% -1,917-1.6% 1.0% 1.3% 459 8,019-348 -0.2% 9

Occupation Snapshot in Long Island Current Historical Forecast Four Quarters Ending with 2017q1 2017q1 Change over the Last 5 Years Avg Ann % Chg in Empl 2012q1-2017q1 Over the Next 10 Years SOC Title Empl Avg. Annual Wages 1 LQ Unempl Unempl Rate Empl Long Island New York USA Current Online Job Ads 2 Repl Demand Growth Demand Avg. Annual Growth Percent Entertainment, Sports, and Media 29-31- 33-35- 37-39- 41-43- 45-47- 49- Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Healthcare Support Protective Service Food Preparation and Serving Related Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Personal Care and Service Sales and Related Office and Administrative Support Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Construction and Extraction Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 51- Production 53-00- Transportation and Material Moving 88,563 $85,800 1.13 827 0.9% 5,531 1.3% 1.5% 1.7% 2,644 20,330 12,192 1.3% 55,956 $33,700 1.44 2,852 4.7% 5,228 2.0% 2.8% 2.2% 1,047 12,548 13,242 2.1% 33,853 $49,300 1.14 1,581 4.0% 1,768 1.1% 0.9% 1.0% 349 7,570 101 0.0% 103,450 $26,200 0.88 7,685 6.9% 12,777 2.7% 3.1% 2.9% 2,325 40,146 1,504 0.1% 53,771 $32,900 1.11 4,432 7.8% 4,204 1.6% 1.7% 1.0% 717 11,936 1,114 0.2% 57,671 $29,600 1.08 2,452 3.9% 6,031 2.2% 2.1% 2.1% 1,409 15,278 6,142 1.0% 153,534 $44,200 1.08 6,614 4.1% 4,742 0.6% 0.9% 1.4% 6,695 48,012-2,784-0.2% 210,596 $39,500 1.03 11,034 4.7% 8,287 0.8% 1.2% 1.7% 5,278 45,592-5,838-0.3% 2,450 $29,900 0.27 206 8.4% 163 1.4% 1.9% 1.4% 23 747-254 -1.1% 67,136 $65,200 1.10 6,214 8.8% 10,243 3.4% 2.5% 2.3% 417 12,601 5,762 0.8% 47,135 $51,800 0.90 1,831 3.7% 3,395 1.5% 1.3% 1.6% 1,090 11,443 911 0.2% 52,455 $37,800 0.63 3,027 5.7% 930 0.4% 0.3% 1.3% 983 13,512-3,770-0.7% 82,005 $37,300 0.89 5,653 6.3% 6,645 1.7% 1.5% 2.2% 1,505 21,430-312 0.0% - All 1,376,009 $55,100 1.00 n/a n/a 76,970 1.2% 1.5% 1.7% 34,589 351,034 40,924 0.3% Source: JobsEQ Data as of 2017Q1 unless noted otherwise Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding. 1. Occupation wages are as of 2016 and should be taken as the average for all Covered Employment 2. Data represent found online ads active within the last thirty days in any zip code intersecting or within the selected region; data represents a sampling rather than the complete universe of postings. Occupation employment data are estimated via industry employment data and the estimated industry/occupation mix. Industry employment data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and currently updated through 2016Q3, imputed where necessary with preliminary estimates updated to 2017Q1. Wages by occupation are as of 2016 provided by the BLS and imputed where necessary. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns. 10

Industry Clusters A cluster is a geographic concentration of interrelated industries or occupations. The industry cluster in the Long Island with the highest relative concentration is Pharmaceutical with a location quotient of 3.85. This cluster employs 9,971 workers in the region with an average wage of $55,873. Employment in the Pharmaceutical cluster is projected to contract in the region about 0.4% per year over the next ten years. Location quotient and average wage data are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, imputed where necessary, and updated through 2016Q3 with preliminary estimates updated to 2017Q1. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns. Education Levels Expected growth rates for occupations vary by the education and training required. While all employment in the Long Island is projected to grow 0.3% over the next ten years, occupations typically requiring a postgraduate degree are expected to grow 1.0% per year, those requiring a bachelor s degree are forecast to grow 0.4% per year, and occupations typically needing a 2-year degree or certificate are expected to grow 0.8% per year. Employment by occupation data are estimates are as of 2017Q1. Education levels of occupations are based on BLS assignments. Forecast employment growth uses national projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics adapted for regional growth patterns. 11

Gross Domestic Product Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced by a region. In 2016, nominal GDP in the Long Island expanded 4.9%. This follows growth of 4.4% in 2015. As of 2016, total GDP in the Long Island was $185,993,734,000. Gross Domestic Product data are provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, imputed by Chmura where necessary, updated through 2016. Of the sectors in the Long Island, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing contributed the largest portion of GDP in 2016, $23,524,600,000 The next-largest contributions came from Health Care and Social Assistance ($19,686,089,000); Finance and Insurance ($18,767,113,000); and Educational Services ($16,441,576,000). Gross Domestic Product data are provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, imputed by Chmura where necessary, updated through 2016. 12

Region Definition Long Island is defined as the following counties: Nassau County, New York; Suffolk County, New York 13

FAQ What is a location quotient? A location quotient (LQ) is a measurement of concentration in comparison to the nation. An LQ of 1.00 indicates a region has the same concentration of an industry (or occupation) as the nation. An LQ of 2.00 would mean the region has twice the expected employment compared to the nation and an LQ of 0.50 would mean the region has half the expected employment in comparison to the nation. What is replacement demand? Replacement demand is the number of jobs required due to replacements retirements and turnover resulting from workers moving from one occupation into another. Note that replacement demand does not include all turnover it does not include when workers stay in the same occupation but switch employers. The replacement demand shown in this report may also be understated; thus, it can be taken to be a minimum measure of the number of workers who will need to be trained for the occupation due to replacements. The total projected demand for an occupation is the sum of the replacement demand and the growth demand (which is the increase or decrease of jobs in an occupation expected due to expansion or contraction of the overall number of jobs in that occupation). What is a cluster? A cluster is a geographic concentration of interrelated industries or occupations. If a regional cluster has a location quotient of 1.25 or greater, the region is considered to possess a competitive advantage in that cluster. What is the difference between industry wages and occupation wages? Industry wages and occupation wages are estimated via separate data sets, often the time periods being reported do not align, and wages are defined slightly differently in the two systems (for example, certain bonuses are included in the industry wages but not the occupation wages). It is therefore common that estimates of the average industry wages and average occupation wages in a region do not match exactly. What is NAICS? The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used to classify business establishments according to the type of economic activity. The NAICS Code comprises six levels, from the all industry level to the 6-digit level. The first two digits define the top level category, known as the sector, which is the level examined in this report. What is SOC? The Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC) is used to classify workers into occupational categories. All workers are classified into one of over 820 occupations according to their occupational definition. To facilitate classification, occupations are combined to form 23 major groups, 96 minor groups, and 449 occupation groups. Each occupation group includes detailed occupations requiring similar job duties, skills, education, or experience. About This Report This report and all data herein were produced by JobsEQ, a product of Chmura Economics & Analytics. The information contained herein was obtained from sources we believe to be reliable. However, we cannot guarantee its accuracy and completeness. 14