BETTER, WORSE, AVERAGE. Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the International Community 2017

TTER, WOR, AVERAGE Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the International Community 17

TTER, WOR, AVERAGE Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the International Community 17

FOREWORD Better, Worse, Average - Statistical Portrait of Slovenia in the International Community 17 Original title: Boljši, slabši, povprečni - Statistični portret Slovenije v mednarodni skupnosti 17 Print: ABO grafika, d.o.o. The publication is available at: http://www.stat.si/statweb/catalogue/index Information provided by the Information Centre: phone: +386 1 241 64 4 email: info.stat@gov.si @StatSlovenia Issued and published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Litostrojska cesta 54 Use and publication of data is allowed provided the source is acknowledged Printed in 23 copies ISSN 2463-7874 All through its history Slovenia was part of international flows. Even in the period between winning independence and joining the European Union Slovenia was cooperating in the economic, cultural and social fields, particularly with the former Yugoslav republics and other European countries. A country s cooperation is normally not limited to its closest neighbours, but it is more intense between geographically, culturally and politically similar societies. Recently, such a society has been the European Union, a unique economic and political alliance of 28 European countries. We know that this does not mean that all countries in the community are the same; on the contrary, they are quite different. Each has its own specific characteristics. The publication presents the position of Slovenia in relation to other -28 Member States. Where appropriate, we expanded the comparison, particularly to other countries from the territory of former Yugoslavia and EFTA countries. So, how is Slovenia doing? One cannot answer unambiguously. There are areas in which Slovenia stands out in a positive way and areas in which it stands out in a negative way. And as regards some indicators, Slovenia is in the golden middle. What are the areas in which Slovenia is better, worse or average compared to other countries will be clearer after you browse this publication. Genovefa Ružić Director-General 3

E CONTENTS 3 7 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 59 FOREWORD COUNTRY COs TERRY Population EDUCION LABOUR MARKET Quality of life Environment and energy Agriculture and fishery Gdp and national accounts Prices and inflation Foreign economic relations Enterprises, construction and industry Tourism, transport and trade STISTICAL GNS, ABBREVIIONS AND UNS OF MEASUREMENT

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Denmark Estonia Greece Spain Finland France Croatia Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Sweden Slovenia Slovakia United Kingdom COUNTRY COS Some charts and infographics can show only data by selected countries, presenting only data for Slovenia and for countries with higher or lower values. In some cases a comparison with the -28 average is shown. 7

TERRY 9 12 The forerunner of the European Union, the European Coal and Steel Community, was established in 1952 by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Germany and the Netherlands. In the coming decades new members joined this community of six countries. The largest expansion took place in 4 when ten countries, including Slovenia, joined the. In terms of the area, France is the largest Member State. In terms of population, Germany is the largest. Slovenia is 25 th as regards the area; Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta are smaller. Slovenia is not among the most densely populated Member States, but it is one of the most forested. As regards the share of land area protected for biodiversity, Slovenia was first in the in 15. 9

6 633 Total area (1, km 2 ), 16 Source: https://europa.eu/european-union/index_en, 27. 2. 17 5 4 56 439 357 Land area protected for biodiversity, 15 4 35 3 25 15 1 5 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 8. 3. 17) Year of accession 338 1958 1973 1986 4 13 3 313 32 year 195 196 197 198 199 1 1 249 238 132 11 93 92 84 79 7 65 65 57 49 45 43 42 31 9 3,3 Population density, 15 country pop./ km 2 18 24 3 32 46 66 68 country pop./ km 2 74 82 86 92 93 12 15 country pop./ km 2 15 16 111 112 124 132 137 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 2. 17) country pop./ km 2 1 2 229 269 372 53 1,37 In 15 Slovenia was first as regards the share of land area protected for biodiversity (38), closely followed by Croatia (37). Countries with the lowest shares were Denmark (8) and the United Kingdom (9). In 15 the most densely populated Member State was Malta with on average 1,37 persons per square kilometre. The least densely populated Member State was Finland with 18 persons per square kilometre. With 12 persons per square kilometre, Slovenia is among the less densely populated Member States. 1 Belgium Greece Bulgaria Spain Czech Republic France Denmark Croatia Germany Italy Estonia Cyprus Ireland Latvia Source: https://europa.eu/european-union/index_en, 27. 2. 17 11 1981 1995 Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland 7 Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom

Slovenia is one of the forest richest -28 Member States. In 15 the forest area in Slovenia was slightly larger than the combined area of Malta, Luxembourg and Cyprus. As regards the forest area as a share of total area, Slovenia was third with 63; the shares were larger only in Finland (68) and Sweden (7). The least forested Member States were Malta (1) and the Netherlands (9). Population 13 16 Forest area, 15 7 4 1 forest area 4.8 In 16 the population was just over 51 million, about 7 of the world s population. The most populous -28 Member State was Germany and the least populous was Malta. Slovenia was 23rd, followed by Latvia, Estonia, Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 8. 3. 17). calculation by SURS 12 13 Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta. The median age of the -28 population was 42.6 years. It was the highest in Germany and the lowest in Ireland. In most countries women outnumbered men; in the -28 on average by almost 5. Only in Luxembourg, Malta and Sweden men outnumbered women. Among -28 Member States life expectancy was the highest in Sweden and the lowest in Lithuania.

years Median age, 16 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 22. 2. 17) 47 Population, 16 Women per 1 men, 16 index 1 46 45.8 45.5-28 51 mio. 115 45 11 15 44 44. 43.9 43.6, 42,, 41 43.1 43. 42.9 42.8 42.6 42.5 42.4 41.9 41.6 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.1 4.9 1 43.2 95 9 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 2. 17) Life expectancy for children born in 15, selected -28 Member States boys 4 In 16 there were on average almost 5 more women than men in the -28. Most women per 1 men were recorded in Latvia (118) and Lithuania (117). Men outnumbered women in three Member States: Luxembourg, Malta and Sweden. In Slovenia there were almost 2 more women than men. girls 4. 39.9 39.4 39.3 39 37.2 37 36.6 1 8 years 6 4 4 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 2. 17) 6 8 1 years In all Member States boys born in 15 can expect to live shorter than girls born in the same year. Boys born in 15 can expect to live longest in Sweden (8.3 years) and girls born in the same year in Spain (85.3 years). Life expectancy of boys born in Slovenia in 15 was 77.7 years and of girls 83.4 years. 14 35 mio. 82.2 66.8 65.4 6.7 46.4 38. 19.8 17. 11.3 1.8 1.6 1.3 9.9 9.8 8.7 7.2 5.7 5.5 5.4 4.7 4.2 2.9 2.1 2. 1.3.8.6.4 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 22. 2. 17) 15

Age structure of the population, 16 14 years 15 64 years 65+ years 4 6 8 1 EDUCION 17 Population of Slovenia by age groups and sex, 16 52 14 years In 16 Ireland had the most favourable age structure; 22 of its population was young. On the other hand, Italy had the 15 64 years least favourable age structure; 22 of its population was old. Slovenia was in the middle of the -28. In 16, 15 of its 65+ years 48 51 49 41 59 Sources: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 2. 17). SURS population was young ( 14 years). 18 of its population was old (65+) and 67 of its population was 15 64 years old. In the -28, Finland was the Member State with the highest share of tertiary educated population aged 15 74 (35) in 15. Romania had the lowest share (14). The share of people with upper secondary education was the highest in the Czech Republic (68) and the lowest in Estonia (22). In Slovenia the share of persons with basic education or less was lower than the -28 average, the share of persons with upper secondary education was higher, while the share of persons with tertiary education was close to the average. In recent years the focus has been on lifelong learning, since obtaining new knowledge and skills is a must for preserving our current and obtaining new employments. In 15, most adults (25 64 years) were included in lifelong learning in Northern Europe (Sweden, Denmark, Finland) and the fewest in Eastern European counties (Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia). 16 17

Population aged 25 64 years with at least upper secondary education, 16 1) Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 3. 17) 1) Provisional data. 94.3 93.3 Early leavers from education and training, 16 1) Educational attainment level () 1), 15 9 91.9 91.7 91.2 9.6 87.9 86.7 84.9 84.6 83.3 83.2 82.2 87.2 15 1 tertiary education 25 1 unknown less than primary, primary 29 and lower secondary education 45-28 upper secondary and post-secondary non tertiary education 8.7 8. 79.6 79. 78.8 78. 76.9 76.8 76.5 75.1 5 1) Provisional data. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 3. 17) 14 53 33 14 4 46 17 27 57 18 15 66 19 13 68 19 22 59 19 23 57 71.5 7 6 6.3 58.1 Not in education, employment or training (15 24 years), 15 15 1 5 The indicator early leavers from education and training describes the share of people aged 18 24 years with basic education or less that are not included in any education or training. In 16, the highest shares were recorded in Southern and Eastern Member States. Slovenia s share was the second lowest (4.7) behind Croatia. 24 23 24 23 17 56 53 6 1 27 16 29 29 29 3 57 42 39 24 56 2 16 29 27 28 4157 24 19 25 36 4 56 1 3 31 32 47 22 37 21 27 52 15 32 53 5 46.5 44.6 In 15, the shares of young people (15 24 years) neither in employment nor in education or 4 training were lower in Northern 15 3 23 Member States and higher 33 33 34 in Southern and Eastern 33 43 51 Member States. In Slovenia the 1) share was 9.5. which ranked out 1) country among -28 Member 1) Break in time series. 1) The totals do not add up due to rounding. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 3. 17) States with lower shares. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 3. 17) 8 34 38 34 29 37 3 27 34 35 22 35 43 4 18 19

Participation rate in education and training (25 64 years), 16 1) In 16, 11.7 of adult women and 9.8 of adult men were included in education or training. In 7 slightly fewer adults were included in education or training (9.4). In 16, more women (13.4) than men (1.5) were included in lifelong learning. Ten years ago (in 7) the share of adults included in education and training was higher (15.1). 5 1 15 25 3 LABOUR MARKET 21 24 Slovenia: participation rate in education and training, by sex, 16 1) Provisional data. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 3. 17) 45.2 54.8 In 15, the employment rate of 15 64-year-olds in the -28 was 65.6. It was the highest in Sweden (75.5) and the lowest in Greece (5.8). Slovenia was ranked in the middle of -28 Member States with 65.2. In the third quarter of 16 the unemployment rate was the highest in Greece (22.6) and the lowest in the Czech Republic and Germany (4). The rate in Slovenia was lower than the - 28 average (Slovenia: 7.4. - 28: 8.2). Unemployment rates of young people were higher than the average; in 15 the unemployment rate of young people was the highest in Greece and Spain (almost 5); in Slovenia it was 16.3. As regards mean gross hourly earnings, in 14 Slovenia was among the countries with the lowest earnings ( 8.84; the -28 average was 15.35). Mean gross hourly earnings were the highest in Denmark ( 27.61) and the lowest, almost 12 times lower, in Bulgaria ( 2.34). 21

Employment rate (15 64 years), 15 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 2. 3. 17) 8,,,, 75 7 65 6 55 75.5 74.1 74. 73.5 72.7 71.9 71.1 7.2 68.5 68.1 67.2 66.1 65.6 63.9 63.8 63.3 62.9 62.7 61.8 61.4 57.8 56.3 55.8 65.2 Unemployment rate of young people (15 24 years), selected -28 Member States, 6 15 6 5 4 3 1 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 3. 3. 17) Part time employment, selected -28 Member States, 15 1 3 4 5 6 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 3. 3. 17) 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 In the past ten years the unemployment rates of young people were the highest in Greece and Spain; in 13 the rate in Greece was almost 6. In Slovenia, too, the unemployment rate of young people was the highest in 13 (21.6). Nevertheless, in the past ten years it has been lower than the average. In 15, the share of persons in parttime employment was the highest in the Netherlands (5.7) and the lowest in Bulgaria (2.4). In Slovenia the share was 1.6. which is less than the -28 average (.3). Order of the countries by the unemployment rate, selected -28 Member States, 3 rd qtr. 7 3 rd qtr. 16 order of countries 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. country 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 In the third quarter of 7 the unemployment rate in Slovenia was 4.5, ranking Slovenia seventh in the -28. A year later (in 8) it was even lower, 4.1, so Slovenia had the fifth lowest rate in the -28. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 3. 17) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. In the third quarter of 16 the unemployment rate in Slovenia was 7.3, ranking Slovenia 14 th in the -28. 5 5.8 22 23

The difference between the mean gross hourly earnings 1) of individual countries and the -28 average, 14 12 9 6 3 3 19.9 27.61 24.22 17.78 17.4 15.42 22.94 Mean gross hourly earnings in the -28 in 14 15.35 17.89 15.93.64 19.61 18.76-28 average Quality of life 25 28 6 9 11.85 11.9 9.89 8.84 7.45 12 15 5.38 5.78 2.34 4.41 3.91 4.64 5.66 5.33 2.79 In Slovenia mean gross hourly earnings amounted to 8.84, ranking Slovenia among Member States with lower values than the -28 average. As regards mean gross hourly earnings, Bulgaria ( 2.34) was the furthest from the -28 average (by 13.1). On the other hand, Denmark ( 27.61) had much higher mean gross hourly earnings than the -28 average; it was namely 12.26 higher than the -28 average. 1) Activities B-S excl. O with at least 1 employees. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 6. 3. 17) In 15, the at-risk-of-poverty rate was the highest in Romania. More than a quarter of its population lived below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. The fewest people were living below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold in the Czech Republic (less than a tenth). With 14.3 Slovenia was ranked among the countries with the lowest rates. In 14, Romania had the lowest number of cars per 1, population: 246. Malta had the highest number: 625 per 1, population, while Slovenia had 518 cars per 1, population. The number of internet users is growing in all -28 Member States. In 16, the share of people using the internet at least once a week was the lowest in Romania (56) and the highest in Luxembourg (97). Slovenia (73) was ranked just below the -28 average (79). 24 25

At-risk-of-poverty rate, 15 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 3. 3. 17) 27 25 25.4 Severe material deprivation rate, 15 of persons 35 Number of cars per 1, population, selected -28 Member States, 14 Romania Hungary Lithuania Croatia Slovakia 3 23 25 21 19 22.5 22.2 22.1 22. 21.6 21.4. 19.9 19.5 15 1 5 246 315 329 347 36 17,, 15, 13 11 9 17.6 17.3 16.7 16.3 16.2 15.3 14.9 14.5 13.9 13.6 12.4 12.3 12.2 11.6 9.7 14.3 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 3. 3. 17) Regular internet users 1), selected -28 Member States, 7 16 15 14 16 7 1 8 6 4 8 9 1 Severely materially deprived are persons living in households experiencing at least four out of nine material deprivation items that are the result of limited financial sources and not own decision or habits. In 15, the share of persons experiencing severe material deprivation was the highest in Bulgaria (34) and the lowest in Sweden (1). 1 icon = 1 cars 625 61 582 558 552 518 7 5 13 12 11 1) Share of persons (16 74 years) who used the internet at least once a week. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 7. 3. 17) The number of people using the internet at least once a week is growing. In 7 the share in Slovenia was less than half, while in 16 it was 73. In 16, the share was the highest in Luxembourg (97) and the lowest in Romania (56). Malta Italy Finland Cyprus Austria Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 6. 3. 17) 3 26 27 35

Number of physicians, 14 1) 1) 1) 1) 231 27 277 279 281 286 297 32 312 314 322 332 332 338 The number of physicians in Slovenia is growing; in 5 it was 235, in 1 243 and in 15 283 per 1, population. Despite the upward trend, the number of physicians in Slovenia is among the lowest in the -28. 365 366 369 38 388 399 411 412 431 55 Environment and energy 29 32 1 3 4 5 6 no./1. pop. 1) Data for 13. Sources: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 22. 3. 17). NIJZ The most common cause of death; Slovenia, 15 diseases of the circulatory system 4.2 Source: NIJZ neoplasms 31.4 diseases of the diseases of the respiratory system digestive system 6.6 4.4 6.7 injuries, poisonings and external causes 1.6 other Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect in the Earth s atmosphere. One of them is carbon dioxide. In 14, the per capita CO 2 emissions were the highest in Luxembourg (22 tons) and the lowest in Croatia (5 tons). In 15 all -28 Member States consumed more energy than they produced. For several years Norway has been the only European country that produces more energy than it consumes. In 15 most renewable energy was produced by Austria and the least by Malta. In 15 most municipal waste was recycled in Germany (66) and Austria (57); Slovenia was third with 54. The least municipal waste was recycled in Malta (7), followed by Romania (13) and Slovakia (15). In March 17 fuel was the cheapest in Bulgaria (95-octane unleaded cost 1.2 and diesel 1.3); 95-octane unleaded was the most expensive in the Netherlands ( 1.58) and diesel in Sweden ( 1.47). 28 29

t/preb. 22 Carbon dioxide emissions, 14 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 8. 3. 17) 21.9 Petroleum products price, 6 March 17 Electricity from renewable sources, selected -28 Member States, 6 15 21 8 17 16 1.4 1.42 1.35 1.3 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.27 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.22 1.21 1. 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.9 1.7 1.6 4 1.6 18 1.3 5 1.3 6 1.19 1.18 19 Price of diesel fuel (litre) 7 1.17 1.47 of gross electricity consumption.9 1.5.3 1 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 1.49 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 8. 3. 17) 14.6 15 1.5 1.2 3 16.1. 15 Price of Euro-super 95 1.23 1.18 13 13.1 1.53 12 11 11.2 1.7 1.5 1. 9.6 9.5 9.2, 9 Recycled waste ( of total municipal waste), selected -28 Member States, 15 12.1 11.8 11.5 1.4 1) 1) 8. 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.2 7. 6.6 6.5 5.9 5.6 5.5 8.1 1 3 4 5 1) Estimate. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 14. 3. 17) 6 7 In 15 most municipal waste was recycled in Germany (66) and the least in Malta (7). In Slovenia the share of recycled municipal waste was higher than the -28 average (Slovenia: 54. -28: 45). 1.1 1.39 1.15 1.19 Price of unleaded petrol 95-octane (litre) 1.3 1. 1.41 highest 1. 1.32 1.31 1.25 1.49 1.55 Source: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/weekly-oil-bulletin, (14. 3. 17) 31 1.2 1.56 1.31 3 1.6 lowest 5 4 1.4 With a 33 share of electricity generated from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption Slovenia was 9th among the -28 Member States in 15. The share was the highest in Austria (7) and the lowest in Malta (4). 1.58 1.39 8.7,, 1.16 1.25

Energy dependency, 15-28 4 6 8 1 Energy dependency is the ratio of net imports (import export) and energy supply at the country level. It measures a country s dependence on energy import. In 15 energy dependency of Slovenia (48.7) was slightly lower than the European average, which means that Slovenia imported almost half of the energy it consumed. The least energy dependent -28 Member State was Estonia, which imported only 7 of the energy it consumed. The most energy dependent Member States (almost 1) were Cyprus and Malta. Agriculture and fishery 33 36 Agricultural holdings in the -28 sold just over 152 billion litres of cow s milk in 16. Most milk per capita was purchased in Ireland (1,45 l), Denmark (925 l) and the Netherlands (844 l); the least milk per capita was purchased in Southern Europe. With 278 litres per capita, Slovenia was in the middle of the -28 Member States. In 15-28 Member States caught more than 5 million tons of marine animals (fish, crustaceans and molluscs); Slovenia contributed 191 tons or.4. Norway caught over 2 million tons of marine animals, 4 of the total -28 output. As regards the share of organically farmed areas, in 15 Slovenia was among countries with high shares of organic agriculture. The largest wine producers in Europe are Italy, France and Spain. Slovenia is one of the smaller wine producers; in 16 it produced 823, hl of wine, 169, hl less than Croatia. Factor income per annual work unit in 15 was relatively low in Slovenia ( 6,264); it was lower only in Romania, Croatia and Poland. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 14. 3. 17) 32 33

litre 1,5 Collected cow s milk per capita, 16 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 3. 17), calculation by SURS 1) Estimate. 1,4 1,45 Utilised agricultural area with organic farming, 15 21 Marine fishing (1, kg), 15 1,3 18 15 1, 12, 1,1 9 6 1, 9 8 925 844 3 1) 1) Data for 14. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 17. 3. 17) 4, 6, In 15 Spain caught just over 9, tons of marine animals, the most in the -28. Spain was followed by Denmark (869, t) and the United Kingdom (72, t). Compared to other coastal -28 Member States, Slovenia caught an insignificant amount of fish, crustaceans and molluscs (191 t). Among European countries, Norway caught the most, i.e. over 2 million tons of marine animals. 7 6 5 1) 4 1) 3, 1 628 543 489 435 414 389 371 356 343 299 293 291 265 233 222 178 158 152 148 117 99 74 57 48 278 The largest wine producers in the -28, 15/16 1) 1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 bn. litres 1) Data for 14/15. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 17. 3. 17) In 14 almost 6 of utilised agricultural area in the -28 was organically farmed. In 15 the share of organically farmed area was the smallest in Malta (.25) and the largest in Austria (). With almost 9, Slovenia was above the European average. In 15 the largest wine producer in the -28 was Italy, followed by France and Spain. Slovenia produced 823, hectolitres of wine; 69 of it white. A person in Slovenia drank on average 43 litres of wine, of which 29 litres of white wine, in 15. 8, 1,, Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) 34 35

Factor income per AWU, 15 Factor income per annual work unit in 15 was 6,264; compared to 14 it was 9 higher. The increase in factor income is the result of the higher value of agricultural production (by 3), and the lower values of intermediate consumption (by 2) and employment (by 1). Gdp and national accounts 37 4 1,, 3, 4, 5, Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17). preračun SURS Value of gross fixed capital formation in agriculture, Slovenia, 15 249 mio. total Source: SURS 211 mio. non-agricultural products 38 mio. plantations and animals National accounts provide a systematic overview of the national economic activity and are an indispensable tool for monitoring the economy. The most important national accounts indicator is gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the economic situation in a country. In 15 GDP per capita was the highest in Luxembourg ( 89,9) and the lowest in Bulgaria ( 6,3). Annual GDP per capita growth rate was the highest in Ireland (25.5) and the lowest in Finland (.1). All - 28 Member States are borrowers, but the rate is very different. In 15 the debt was the highest in Greece and the lowest in Estonia. General government debt is total amount of debt of a country: it is increasing if the country spends more money than it collects through taxes. The household saving rate in the - 28 has been declining since 9. In 15 households in the -28 saved on average 1.3 of their disposable income. 36 37

Annual growth rate of GDP per capita, 15 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) 1) Provisional data. 2) Estimate. 25.5 25 General government debt, selected -28 Member States, 6 15 24 of GDP 23 GDP and government debt, 15 18 22 16 14 21 1 1 8 19 4 17 16 6 7 8 9 1 11 13 14 15 GDP Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) 15 12 6 18 () government debt () 14 13 12 Gross household saving rate, selected -28 Member States, 15 11 1 9 8, 1) 1) 2). 7 6 1) 5 1) 4 2) 3 1). 2,, 1) 1) 6.3 4.4 4. 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.3 3. 2.7 2.3 2.1 2. 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1..9.8.1. -.1 15 5 5 1 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) GDP per capita (), 15 Households in Slovenia were among the most economical in 15 since they saved almost 15 of disposable income. Only two -28 Member States were more economical: Germany (17) and Sweden (19). Households were the least economical in Cyprus, Latvia and Lithuania, where households were borrowers. 89,9 39,4 23, 15,8 11,1 55,1 38, 21,5 15,4 1,4 47,8 37,1,8 14,5 8,1 45,6 36,6 18,7 12,9 6,3 4, 32,8 17,3 12,3 39,6 27,1 16, 11, Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 4. 4. 17) 38 1 2.2 In the past ten years the debt has been the highest in Greece and the lowest in Estonia. Slovenia s debt is increasing: in 6 it was 26 and in 15 83 of gross domestic product. Slovenia s deficit jumped in 13 due to government recapitalisation of banks. 39

GDP per capita in purchasing power standards, 15-28 average 2 In 15 people in Slovenia could afford on average 17 less than people in the -28 overall. People in Luxembourg were able to afford 164 more than people in the -28 overall. Prices and inflation 41 44 5 1 15 25 3 volume index (-28 = 1) Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) The producer price index measures the dynamics of producer prices of industrial products produced on the territory of a country and sold in this country and/or abroad. Compared to 15, in 16 the index was the highest in the United Kingdom (11.9) and the lowest in Greece (94.2); in Slovenia it was 98.7. In 16 the average annual inflation in the -28 was between 1.3 in Bulgaria and 1.8 in Belgium; the -28 average was.3, while Slovenia recorded deflation (.2). Compared to 15, in 16 dwelling prices increased the most in Sweden (by 13.1) and decreased the most in Latvia (by 3.4). In Slovenia they increased by.8. Compared to 15, in 16, food prices increased in more than two thirds of Member States, including Slovenia (by.6). They jumped the most in Belgium (by 1.9) and dropped the most in Slovakia (by 2.9). 4 41

index Producer price index (year/previous year), 16 1.1 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) Average annual inflation rate (measured by HICP), 16 Average annual growth of dwelling prices, 15 12 11.9.4 14.8 12 1 11 8 6 1.8 4 1 99.9 99.5, 99.3 99,,,, 98 99. 98.8, 97.8 97.6 97.3 97.2 97 98.7 98.6 98.5 98.4 98.1 96.9 96.8 96.4 96 95.9 95.7 95.6 2 4 6 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 3. 17) 94 4 Between 14 and 15 dwelling prices decreased the most in Latvia (by 3.4) and increased the most in Sweden (by 13.1). In Slovenia they increased on average by.8 and in the -28 overall by 2.8. 94.2.3 3 2 1 1 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat,. 3. 17) 2 3 In 16 food prices decreased in nine -28 Member States, the most in Slovakia (by 2.9). followed by Romania and the United Kingdom (by 2.4). Food prices increased the most in Belgium (by 1.9), followed by Malta (by 1.8) and Luxembourg (by 1.5). In Slovenia they increased by.6 and in the -28 overall by.3..9.4 -.5 -.2 -.1.6 -.2..6 1..3.4 Average annual growth of food prices according to the harmonised index of consumer prices, selected -28 Member States, 16 -.2 94.4.1..7 95 2.7.1 -.6-1.1. -.3-1.3 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 3. 17) 93 42 43-1.2

Actual individual consumption per capita in purchasing power standards, 15 Actual individual consumption per capita in purchasing power standards is the most important component of gross domestic product and reflects the material well-being of the population. It is calculated on the basis of the prices of goods and services actually consumed by individuals. In 15 actual individual consumption per capita in purchasing power standards in Slovenia lagged behind the -28 average by 25. At that time countries with the values closest to Slovenia s were Greece and Slovakia (77 of the -28 average), Poland (74) and Estonia (71). Foreign economic relations 45 48 volume index -28 = 1 Among non- countries, actual individual consumption per capita was the lowest in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania (63 lower than the -28 average). while the value in the United States of America was 61 higher than the -28 average. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 27. 3. 17) Turnover per person employed in foreign affiliates in Slovenia was 213, in 14, almost four times lower than in Luxembourg ( 832,) and almost twice as high as in Romania ( 115,). In 15 Slovenia exported slightly more electricity than it imported (by 48 GWh). At that time most electricity was imported by Italy and exported by France. The -28 was the most important market for Slovenia; Slovenia imported from the -28 71 of its total imports and exported to the -28 75 of its total exports. Among -28 Member States the Netherlands imported the least goods from other -28 Member States (47), but exported 76 of its total exports to them. Malta exported the least goods to other -28 Member States (39). In 16 the most important trading partner of Slovenia was Germany; Slovenia exported to Germany over 5 billion of goods and imported from Germany almost 5 billion of goods. Slovenia s exports represented 79 of GDP in 16, while Slovenia s imports represented 69 of GDP. 44 45

in 1, Turnover per person employed in foreign affiliates, 14 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 4. 4. 17) 9 85 Electricity trading balance, 15 Export and import, the most important trade partners, Slovenia, 16 1) 45, 8 75 7 65 6 55 5 4 35 3 25, 15 1 832 81 592 454 437 4 387 355 333 27 248 23 21 197 174 162 126 115 213 GWh (1,) 8 6 4 4 6 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 4. 4. 17) Total export/import of goods to/from -28, selected -28 Member States, 16 export import 8 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 4. 4. 17) 6 4 Of the -28 Member States, in 15 the electricity trading balance was the lowest in Italy; Italy imported 46, GWh more electricity than it exported. France had the highest difference between exports and imports; it exported 64, GWh more electricity than it imported. Slovenia was the second most balanced Member State behind Cyprus. Slovenia s exports and imports are focused on European markets; in 16 Slovenia exported 75 of its total exports to the and imported 71 of its total imports from the. In the - 28 Estonia was the most focused on European markets (82 of total exports and 74 of total imports). 46 1) Provisional data. Source: SURS 47 export (bn. ) import (bn. ) 2.1 1.5 2. 2.7 2.7 3.7 5.2 4.6 the line width represents the export and import value Slovenia 1.2.9.8.7.7 1..3.5.4.3.4.5.4.6.5.4.6.4.9.4

Import and export of goods and services ( of GDP), 16 IMPORT In 16 Slovenia imported 24 billion of goods, 3 more than in 15. 2) 2) 2) EXPORT In 16 Slovenia exported almost 25 billion of goods, 4 more than in 15. Enterprises, construction and industry 49 52 25 15 1 5 5 1 15 25 1) Estimate. 2) Provisional data. Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 4. 4. 17) 2) 1) 2) El 2) 2) In 16 labour productivity per person employed was the highest in Ireland (index 133) and the lowest in Greece (index 96). In Slovenia it was in the middle of the -28 Member States (index 15). The Member State with the highest industrial production index in 16 was Slovakia (137) and the Member State with the lowest industrial production index was Cyprus (8). In Slovenia the index stood at 114. In 14 the share of enterprise births in total number of enterprises was the highest in Lithuania (25) and the lowest in Belgium (4); in Slovenia it was 11. The average floor space of dwellings in 12 was the largest in Cyprus (141 m 2 ) and the smallest (almost 1 m 2 smaller) in Romania. As regards the average floor space, dwellings in Slovenia are among the smallest (8 m 2 ). A high-growth enterprise is an enterprise with an average annual growth higher than 1 over a three-year period and with at least 1 employees in the first year of monitoring the three-year growth. In 14 the share of high-growth enterprises in total enterprises with at least 1 employees was the highest in Malta (14) and the lowest in Cyprus (2); in Slovenia 8 of enterprises with at least 1 employees were high-growth enterprises. 48 49

137 135 Real labour productivity per person employed (1 = 1), 16 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 6. 4. 17) 1) Provisional data. 2) Estimate. 3) Data for 15. 133 131 129 1) 127 125 123 132.7 127.7 Industrial production, selected -28 Member States, 7 16 index (1 = 1) 14 1 1 8 6 Average dwellings size, 12 44 63 63 67 73 75 76 78 up to 69 m 2 7 79 m 2 121 119 4 117 1) 115 1) 116.2 115.4 114.3 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 6. 4. 17) 8 81 82 87 89 89 8 89 m 2 113 111 19 112.5 19.1 Share of enterprise births, selected -28 Member States, 14 94 94 94 99 9 99 m 2 17 1) 15 1) 3) 13 1) 11 2) 1) 99 97 1)3) 95 93 17.3 16.2 15.8 15.6 15.2 14.8 14.5 14. 13.8 13.7 13.5 13. 12.1 11.4 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.2 97.6 95.5 14.9 5 1 15 25 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 7. 4. 17) From 15 to 16 the industrial production index in Slovenia increased by 14. It increased the most in Slovakia (by 37); in Cyprus it decreased by. Of all enterprises active in Slovenia in 14, 11 were born in 14. The share was the highest in Lithuania (a quarter) and the lowest in Belgium (4), followed by Ireland and Cyprus (7 each). 1 13 16 118 124 131 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 6. 4. 17) 17 141 1 19 m 2 11 m 2 or more country area (m 2 ) 91 5 51

Share of high-growth enterprises among enterprises with at least 1 employees and share of persons employed in such enterprises, 14 High-growth enterprises There were 628 high-growth enterprises in Slovenia in 15, 18 more than in 14. The number increased mostly on account of the growth in manufacturing. Persons employed in high-growth enterprises High-growth enterprises in Slovenia employed 42, persons in 15, 3 more than in 14. Most persons were employed by high-growth enterprises in manufacturing (15, or 35). 15 1 5 Tourism, transport and trade 53 56 high-growth enterprises persons employed in high-growth enterprises Source: Eurostat, News release 9/16 In 15 the share of enterprises with web sales was the highest in Ireland (25 of all enterprises in the country); in Slovenia the share was much lower (17), but still slightly higher than the -28 average (16). The share of enterprises with web sales was the lowest in the Eastern -28 Member States. Slovenia stood out in terms of the share of household expenditure on personal mobility in 15; Luxembourg was second. In recent years households in Luxembourg have been decreasing their expenditure on personal mobility, while households in Slovenia have been increasing it. As regards the number of tourist overnight stays per capita, the Mediterranean part of Europe (Malta, Croatia and Cyprus) stands out. These countries recorded more than 15 overnight stays per capita in 15; Slovenia was ranked in the middle of - 28 Member States. In 15 most overnight stays in Slovenia were generated by tourists from Italy (1 million), followed by tourists from Austria and Germany (.8 million each). Tourists from Slovenia generated most overnight stays in Croatia (6.7 million). Tourist beds were occupied the most in Cyprus (65), Malta (64) and Spain (58). In Slovenia they were 45 occupied. 52 53

Enterprises selling via the internet, 16 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 13. 4. 17) 33 32 3 14 27 12 26 1 25 21 19, 18,, 16,, 15 6 13, 12 1, 9 8 7 6 9 1 11 12 13 14.1 15.3.8.1.8.3 15 1 5 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 4. 17) Number of overnight stays per resident, 15.1 In 15 Malta was the country in which tourists generated most overnight stays per capita (.8), followed by Croatia (16.9) and Cyprus (15.8). With 5 overnight stays per capita Slovenia was in the middle of the -28 Member States. 54 1. In 15 Slovenia was among the 28 Member States in which households spent the most on personal mobility (16.), followed by Luxembourg (15.8) and Bulgaria (15.4). Households in Slovakia spent the least (7.5)..7.3 6.7.2.2 overnight stays of foreign tourists in Slovenia (mio.) overnight stays of Slovenian residents in the -28 (mio.) Sources: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 6. 4. 17), SURS, calculation by SURS 5 4.3.2.2, 8.3 14 11 7 Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 4. 17) 17 2 22 4, 6 23, 8 24 16 28, 18 29 Overnights of foreign tourist in Slovenia and overnights of Slovenian residents in selected -28 Member States, 15 Household expenditure on personal mobility, selected -28 Member States, 6 15 31 55

Net occupancy rate of tourist beds, 15 65 64 58 54 49 47 47 46 45 44 44 44 43 43 43 39 39 37 37 37 36 36 36 34 3 29 In Slovenia tourist beds in accommodation establishments with at least 1 permanent beds are occupied the most in July and particularly in August. In August 16 the occupancy rate of beds in hotels was almost 8, in apartment settlements and youth hostels over 6 and in camping sites almost 6. At that time beds in mountain huts were the least occupied (17). occupancy rate of tourist beds () country code Source: Eurostat (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 1. 4. 17) 56

M AWU GDP EFTA -28 Eurostat HICP NIJZ SURS bn. mio. no. pop. qtr. CO 2 GWh hl km 2 l m 2 t less precise estimate use with caution annual work unit gross domestic product European Free Trade Association European Union 28 Member States of the European Union euro Statistical Office of the European Union harmonised index of consumer prices National Institute of Public Health Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia billion million number population quarter carbon dioxide gigawatt hour hectolitre square kilometre litre square metre ton percent STISTICAL GNS, ABBREVIIONS AND UNS OF MEASUREMENT Icons for some infographics were obtained from http: http://www.flaticon.com. 59

on Statistical Office s website via mail, phone, e-mail and social media by ordering statistical publications www.stat.si/eng address: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Litostrojska cesta 54, 1 Ljubljana, Slovenia phone: +386 1 241 64 4 e-mail: info.stat@gov.si @StatSlovenia address: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Litostrojska cesta 54, 1 Ljubljana, Slovenia phone: +386 1 241 52 85 e-mail: gp.surs@gov.si HOW TO OBTAIN STISTICAL DA AND INFORMION? by visiting the Information Centre office hours: Monday to Thursday from 9. to 15.3, Friday from 9. to 14.3