Viet Nam. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific Item

1 POPULATION Total population million; as of 1 July 77.11 78.12 79.08 80.00 80.95 81.91 82.85 84.22 85.12 86.03 86.93 87.84 88.81 89.76 90.73 91.71 92.7* Population density persons per square kilometer 234 237 241 245 248 247 251 254 257 260 263 265 268 271 274 277 280* Population annual change, percent 1.43 1.31 1.22 1.17 1.19 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.07* Urban population percent of total population 24.2 24.7 25.1 25.8 26.5 27.1 27.7 28.2 29.0 29.7 30.5 31.6 31.8 32.2 33.1 33.9 34.5* LABOR FORCE million; as of 1 July 38.5 39.6 40.4 41.5 42.5 44.9 46.2 47.2 48.2 49.3 50.4 51.4 52.3 53.2 53.7 54.0 54.4* Employed a 37.6 38.6 39.5 40.6 41.6 42.8 44.0 45.2 46.5 47.7 49.0 50.4 51.4 52.2 52.7 52.8 53.3* Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.4 24.4 23.6 24.4 23.9 24.3 24.6 24.3 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4 23.3 22.3* Mining and quarrying 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2* Manufacturing 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.1 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.6 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.4 8.1 8.9* Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities b 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3* Construction 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.8* Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.8 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.7* Accommodation and food service activities 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5* Transportation and storage c 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6* Information and communication 0.2... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3* Financial and insurance activities......... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4* Real estate activities......... 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2* Other services 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 4.6 3.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.1* Unemployed d 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1* Unemployment rate d percent 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 4.7 4.9 4.1 3.6 2.6 2.7 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 3.0* Labor force annual change, percent 2.2 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.4 5.7 3.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.9* Labor force participation rate d percent 49.6 50.2 50.7 51.1 51.8 52.5 71.0 74.7 75.5 76.5 77.4 77.0 76.8 77.5 77.7 77.8 77.3* Male 50.8 51.4 52.1 52.7 53.8 55.7 78.1 78.8 80.1 81.0 82.0 81.7 81.2 82.1 82.5 83.0 82.4* Female 48.4 49.0 49.3 49.5 49.9 51.2 64.4 70.9 71.3 72.3 73.0 72.6 72.5 73.2 73.3 72.9 72.5* NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion dong; calendar year At Current Prices GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 441,646 481,295 535,762 613,443 715,307 914,001 1,061,565 1,246,769 1,616,047 1,809,149 2,157,828 2,779,880 3,245,419 3,584,262 3,937,856 4,192,862 4,502,733* Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 108,356 111,858 123,383 138,284 155,992 176,402 198,797 232,586 329,886 346,786 396,576 543,960 623,815 643,862 696,969 712,460 734,830* Mining and quarrying 42,606 44,345 46,153 57,326 72,492 88,897 99,702 111,700 146,607 165,310 204,544 274,321 370,617 394,468 426,184 402,869 365,522* Manufacturing 81,979 95,211 110,285 125,476 145,475 172,045 205,739 241,629 300,256 331,093 279,360 371,242 431,144 477,968 518,962 574,201 642,338* Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply e 13,993 16,028 18,201 22,224 25,090 29,785 33,857 40,187 49,136 61,665 65,721 81,077 97,311 115,280 142,060 167,402 188,876* Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities 4,516 5,801 6,922 7,497 8,085 11,107 13,640 15,280 17,883 19,526 21,556 23,541* Construction 23,642 27,931 31,558 37,100 44,558 53,276 64,503 79,712 95,696 110,255 132,618 156,077 174,739 184,020 201,203 228,102 252,794* Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles f 62,836 67,788 75,617 83,297 96,995 111,745 130,432 153,660 208,366 240,577 172,608 235,024 299,536 339,275 387,749 425,543 472,942* Accommodation and food service activities 29,329 35,861 44,992 57,067 67,394 77,800 101,943 118,140 134,454 147,720 155,590 171,195* Transportation and storage c 17,341 19,431 21,095 24,725 30,402 28,013 33,516 39,093 50,749 55,378 62,064 79,135 93,258 102,596 112,351 114,558 120,728* Information and communication 9,998 11,812 13,778 17,593 19,349 19,895 21,090 22,781 24,652 26,974 29,392 31,840* Financial and insurance activities 8,148 8,762 9,763 10,858 12,737 47,825 55,869 65,861 86,356 100,324 116,515 148,453 171,172 195,016 207,083 230,149 248,598* Real estate activities............... 61,413 70,501 83,322 102,920 115,351 131,692 163,107 178,473 189,508 202,103 212,882 228,684* Professional, scientific, and technical activities............... 12,908 14,450 16,975 21,528 24,291 28,004 35,333 41,412 47,399 51,166 55,574 59,762* Administrative and support service activities............... 3,865 4,358 5,127 6,443 7,154 7,881 10,054 11,768 13,504 14,761 15,829 17,263* Public administration and defense, compulsory social security g 37,809 40,891 44,940 54,016 61,255 23,038 26,737 31,310 41,279 47,042 55,194 70,109 82,187 94,393 106,127 114,186 125,399* Education 26,948 30,718 34,843 38,261 42,780 50,237 66,384 84,070 105,121 120,696 136,699 154,718* Health and social work 12,262 13,922 15,964 18,946 21,276 23,335 26,552 33,402 58,641 66,204 72,206 96,949* Arts, entertainment, and recreation activities 6,319 7,177 8,253 9,986 13,053 14,592 16,819 18,684 21,220 23,047 24,969 27,128*

2 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017 Other service activities h 44,936 49,050 54,767 60,138 70,310 13,998 16,173 18,927 24,923 29,087 34,396 43,372 50,164 57,607 65,463 71,946 80,286* Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goodsand services- producing activities of households for own use............... 1,421 1,640 1,927 2,551 2,898 2,944 3,750 4,417 5,022 5,753 6,439 7,236* Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies................................................... Less: Financial intermediation services indirectly measured................................................... Gross value added at basic prices.............................. 1,887,083 2,461,442 2,922,370 3,221,889 3,542,101 3,772,552 4,050,630* Plus: Taxes less subsidies on production and imports.............................. 270,746 318,438 323,049 362,375 395,755 420,310 452,103* Net factor income from abroad -6,327-6,440-8,706-9,755-13,401-16,779-22,810-34,963-48,083-77,928-82,250-119,804-130,192-153,594-187,033-215,253-208,173* GNI 435,319 474,855 527,056 603,688 701,906 897,222 1,038,755 1,211,806 1,567,964 1,731,221 2,075,578 2,660,076 3,115,227 3,430,668 3,750,823 3,977,610 4,294,560* Structure of Output percent of GDP at current market prices Agriculture 24.5 23.2 23.0 22.5 21.8 19.3 18.7 18.7 20.4 19.2 21.0 22.1 21.3 20.0 19.7 18.9 18.1 Industry 36.7 38.1 38.5 39.5 40.2 38.1 38.6 38.5 37.1 37.4 36.7 36.4 37.3 36.9 36.9 37.0 36.4 Services 38.7 38.6 38.5 38.0 38.0 42.6 42.7 42.8 42.5 43.4 42.2 41.5 41.4 43.1 43.4 44.2 45.5 Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 441,646 481,295 535,762 613,443 715,307 914,001 1,061,565 1,246,769 1,616,047 1,809,149 2,157,828 2,779,880 3,245,419 3,584,262 3,937,856 4,192,862 4,502,733* Final consumption expenditure 321,853 342,607 382,137 445,221 511,221 648,519 749,688 918,388 1,236,265 1,343,691 1,565,602 2,008,700 2,285,623 2,566,803 2,838,048 3,115,085 3,379,404* Household final consumption 293,507 312,144 348,747 406,451 465,506 598,567 690,954 849,141 1,145,361 1,239,151 1,436,289 1,844,377 2,093,261 2,346,161 2,591,337 2,849,540 3,086,298* NPISHs final consumption................................................... General government final consumption 28,346 30,463 33,390 38,770 45,715 49,952 58,734 69,247 90,904 104,540 129,313 164,323 192,362 220,642 246,711 265,545 293,106* Gross capital formation 130,771 150,033 177,983 217,434 253,686 308,543 366,629 493,300 589,746 672,326 770,211 827,032 884,160 956,124 1,056,632 1,160,447 1,196,739* Gross fixed capital formation 122,101 140,301 166,828 204,608 237,868 285,841 332,949 437,702 513,987 612,526 704,401 745,494 785,337 847,475 938,452 1,033,780 1,066,160* Public................................................... Private................................................... Change in inventories 8,670 9,732 11,155 12,826 15,818 22,702 33,680 55,598 75,759 59,800 65,810 81,538 98,823 108,649 118,180 126,667 130,579* Acquisition less disposals of valuables................................................... Exports of goods and services 243,049 262,846 304,262 363,735 470,216 582,214 719,928 886,395 1,155,688 1,139,253 1,553,687 2,206,971 2,597,264 2,997,380 3,402,495 3,764,320 4,215,636* Exports of goods................................................... Exports of services................................................... Less: Imports of goods and services 253,927 273,828 331,946 415,023 524,216 612,521 750,800 1,055,577 1,376,183 1,326,810 1,730,902 2,321,858 2,483,567 2,920,030 3,273,530 3,731,151 4,100,294* Imports of goods................................................... Imports of services................................................... Statistical discrepancy -100-363 3,326 2,076 4,400-12,755-23,880 4,263 10,531-19,310-770 59,036-38,061-16,015-85,789-115,839-188,752* Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices Household consumption 66.5 64.9 65.1 66.3 65.1 65.5 65.1 68.1 70.9 68.5 66.6 66.3 64.5 65.5 65.8 68.0 68.5 Government consumption 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.5 Gross domestic capital formation 29.6 31.2 33.2 35.4 35.5 33.8 34.5 39.6 36.5 37.2 35.7 29.8 27.2 26.7 26.8 27.7 26.6 Changes in inventories 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 3.2 4.5 4.7 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 Exports of goods and services 55.0 54.6 56.8 59.3 65.7 63.7 67.8 71.1 71.5 63.0 72.0 79.4 80.0 83.6 86.4 89.8 93.6 Imports of goods and services 57.5 56.9 62.0 67.7 73.3 67.0 70.7 84.7 85.2 73.3 80.2 83.5 76.5 81.5 83.1 89.0 91.1 Statistical discrepancy -0.0-0.1 0.6 0.3 0.6-1.4-2.2 0.3 0.7-1.1-0.0 2.1-1.2-0.4-2.2-2.8-4.2 At Constant Prices i GDP by industrial origin at 1994 2010 market price 273,666 292,535 313,247 336,243 362,435 1,588,646 1,699,501 1,820,667 1,923,749 2,027,591 2,157,828 2,292,483 2,412,778 2,543,596 2,695,796 2,875,856 3,054,470* Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 63,717 65,618 68,352 70,828 73,917 342,811 355,831 369,905 387,262 394,658 396,576 413,368 425,446 436,642 451,659 462,536 468,813* Mining and quarrying 18,430 19,185 19,396 20,611 22,437 212,381 208,134 203,555 195,756 210,666 204,544 210,482 221,298 220,791 225,785 240,462 230,843* Manufacturing 51,492 57,335 63,983 71,363 79,116 248,709 281,925 316,812 347,808 357,415 279,360 318,690 347,523 372,597 400,192 442,612 495,283*

3 Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply e 6,337 7,173 7,992 8,944 10,015 44,794 49,232 53,707 59,112 64,446 65,721 72,442 82,026 88,985 99,516 110,861 123,721* Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities 8,108 8,736 9,446 10,108 10,765 11,107 12,187 13,255 14,457 15,366 16,503 17,791* Construction 20,654 23,293 25,755 28,481 31,053 91,523 101,632 113,979 113,546 126,441 132,618 132,268 137,115 145,123 155,183 171,973 189,171* Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles f 44,644 47,779 51,245 54,747 59,027 193,430 209,969 228,477 243,955 262,686 172,608 190,892 210,605 225,783 244,040 266,150 288,187* Accommodation and food service activities 52,688 59,231 66,822 72,661 74,328 77,800 83,876 90,019 98,919 103,444 105,813 112,902* Transportation and storage c 10,729 11,441 12,252 12,925 13,975 40,322 44,406 49,468 55,360 60,056 62,064 66,769 70,888 74,828 78,776 82,731 87,943* Information and communication 14,624 16,039 17,745 19,608 21,014 19,895 21,549 23,752 25,827 28,068 30,459 32,957* Financial and insurance activities 5,650 6,005 6,424 6,935 7,495 77,704 84,058 91,490 100,780 109,545 116,515 125,192 132,178 141,266 149,500 160,533 173,038* Real estate activities............... 105,410 112,776 118,561 124,925 130,333 131,692 136,698 138,496 141,503 145,459 149,769 155,752* Professional, scientific, and technical activities............... 22,630 23,725 25,061 26,096 27,217 28,004 29,797 31,978 34,335 36,730 39,227 41,973* Administrative and support service activities............... 6,480 6,816 7,256 7,670 8,031 7,881 8,478 9,087 9,782 10,465 11,051 11,814* Public administration and defense, compulsory social security g 24,301 25,674 27,322 29,242 31,325 38,666 41,593 44,973 47,883 51,365 55,194 59,124 63,464 68,377 73,286 78,357 83,928* Education 34,805 37,735 41,037 44,306 47,215 50,237 53,892 57,883 62,545 67,176 71,885 77,090* Health and social work 16,422 17,709 19,135 20,620 22,008 23,335 25,049 26,915 29,040 31,141 33,321 35,780* Arts, entertainment, and recreation activities 10,169 10,972 11,898 12,907 13,925 14,592 15,637 16,765 18,021 19,364 20,787 22,319* Other service activities h 27,712 29,032 30,527 32,166 34,075 24,597 26,436 28,573 30,408 32,312 34,396 36,576 38,736 41,730 44,422 47,047 50,058* Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goodsand services-producing activities of households for own use 2,374 2,549 2,765 2,977 3,164 2,944 3,163 3,411 3,638 3,855 4,105 4,400* Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies................................................... Less: Financial intermediation services indirectly measured................................................... Gross value added at constant prices.............................. 1,887,083 2,016,129 2,140,840 2,254,189 2,383,427 2,546,182 2,703,764* Plus: Taxes less subsidies on production and imports.............................. 270,746 276,355 271,938 289,409 312,369 329,673 350,706* Net factor income from abroad................................................... GNI at 1994 2010 market prices................................................... Growth of Output annual change, percent GDP 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.8 7.5 7.0 7.1 5.7 5.4 6.4 6.2 5.2 5.4 6.0 6.7 6.2 Agriculture 4.6 3.0 4.2 3.6 4.4 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.7 1.9 0.5 4.2 2.9 2.6 3.4 2.4 1.4 Industry 10.1 10.4 9.5 10.5 10.2 8.4 7.3 7.4 4.1 6.0 7.2 6.7 5.7 5.4 7.1 9.6 8.3 Services 5.3 6.1 6.5 6.5 7.3 8.6 8.4 8.5 7.6 6.5-7.7 7.5 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.3 7.0 Expenditure on GDP at 1994 2010 market price 273,666 292,535 313,247 336,243 362,435 1,588,646 1,699,501 1,820,667 1,923,749 2,027,591 2,157,828 2,292,483 2,412,778 2,543,596 2,695,796 2,875,856 3,054,470* Final consumption expenditure 200,665 210,027 225,609 243,515 260,940 1,106,408 1,189,879 1,305,445 1,405,404 1,442,775 1,565,602 1,633,658 1,716,565 1,808,572 1,920,658 2,095,817 2,249,249* Household final consumption 182,420 190,577 205,113 221,545 237,262 1,022,157 1,098,469 1,205,895 1,298,368 1,327,608 1,436,289 1,495,133 1,568,084 1,649,311 1,750,249 1,913,547 2,053,236* NPISHs final consumption................................................... General government final consumption 18,245 19,450 20,496 21,970 23,678 84,251 91,410 99,549 107,036 115,168 129,313 138,524 148,481 159,261 170,409 182,270 196,013* Gross capital formation 83,496 92,487 104,256 116,623 128,916 443,761 496,274 629,267 668,774 697,614 770,211 717,543 734,577 774,612 843,552 919,809 1,009,123* Gross fixed capital formation 78,552 86,972 98,160 109,843 121,312 412,327 453,157 562,627 584,225 635,201 704,401 649,365 661,526 696,578 761,052 832,235 914,777* Public................................................... Private................................................... Change in inventories 4,944 5,515 6,096 6,780 7,604 31,434 43,116 66,640 84,549 62,413 65,810 68,179 73,051 78,033 82,500 87,574 94,346* Acquisition less disposals of valuables Exports of goods and services j -10,085 165,292 183,533 220,047-30,123 913,341 1,043,134 1,160,960 1,219,803 1,355,225 1,553,687 1,721,244 1,991,636 2,337,663 2,607,900 2,937,635 3,344,890* Exports of goods Exports of services Less: Imports of goods and services 176,987 204,926 251,495 902,088 1,038,899 1,325,880 1,426,886 1,521,982 1,730,902 1,801,807 1,965,677 2,306,613 2,601,967 3,073,334 3,543,103* Imports of goods Imports of services Statistical discrepancy -410 1,716 4,775 7,553 2,702 27,224 9,114 50,875 56,654 53,959-770 21,845-64,323-70,637-74,347-4,071-5,688*

4 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017 Growth of Demand annual change, percent Household consumption 3.1 4.5 7.6 8.0 7.1 5.8 7.5 9.8 7.7 2.3 8.2 4.1 4.9 5.2 6.1 9.3 7.3 Government consumption 5.0 6.6 5.4 7.2 7.8 8.2 8.5 8.9 7.5 7.6 12.3 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.5 Gross domestic capital formation 10.1 10.8 12.7 11.9 10.5 11.2 11.8 26.8 6.3 4.3 10.4-6.8 2.4 5.5 8.9 9.0 9.7 Exports of goods and services j...... 11.0 19.9... 7.8 14.2 11.3 5.1 11.1 14.6 10.8 15.7 17.4 11.6 12.6 13.9 Imports of goods and services j...... 15.8 22.7... 5.9 15.2 27.6 7.6 6.7 13.7 4.1 9.1 17.3 12.8 18.1 15.3 Investment Financing at Current Prices Gross domestic capital formation 130,771 150,033 177,983 217,434 253,686 308,543 366,629 493,300 589,746 672,326 770,211 827,032 884,160 956,124 1,056,632 1,160,447 1,196,739 Gross national saving 138,004 150,655 174,271 193,193 239,387 302,306 353,828 396,974 450,886 497,566 656,739 829,503 1,000,644 1,062,251 1,109,135 1,025,277 1,090,308 Gross domestic saving 119,793 138,688 153,625 168,222 204,086 265,481 311,877 328,381 379,782 465,458 592,226 771,180 959,796 1,017,459 1,099,808 1,077,777 1,123,329 Net factor income from abroad -6,327-6,440-8,706-9,755-13,401-16,779-22,810-34,963-48,083-77,928-82,250-119,804-130,192-153,594-187,033-215,253-208,173 Net current transfers from abroad k 24,538 18,407 29,352 34,726 48,702 53,603 64,761 103,556 119,186 110,036 146,763 178,127 171,040 198,386 196,359 162,753 175,151 Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices Gross domestic saving 27.1 28.8 28.7 27.4 28.5 29.0 29.4 26.3 23.5 25.7 27.4 27.7 29.6 28.4 27.9 25.7 24.9 Gross national saving 31.2 31.3 32.5 31.5 33.5 33.1 33.3 31.8 27.9 27.5 30.4 29.8 30.8 29.6 28.2 24.6 24.2 Gross domestic capital formation 29.6 31.2 33.2 35.4 35.5 33.8 34.5 39.6 36.5 37.2 35.7 29.8 27.2 26.7 26.8 27.7 26.6 At Current Market Prices thousand dong Per capita GDP 5,727 6,161 6,775 7,668 8,836 11,158 12,813 14,804 18,986 21,031 24,822 31,647 36,543 39,932 43,402 45,719 48,573 Per capita GNI 5,645 6,078 6,665 7,546 8,671 10,953 12,538 14,389 18,421 20,125 23,876 30,283 35,077 38,220 41,341 43,372 46,328 PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages Agriculture 2004 2006 = 100 76.9 81.6 87.1 91.3 96.2 99.8 103.9 109.1 113.9 116.8 119.9 125.1 133.2 133.9 136.9...... Mining 2010 = 100.................................... 105.0 99.4 102.5 106.5 94.1 Manufacturing 2010 = 100.................................... 105.5 107.6 108.7 110.6 111.2 ENERGY annual values Crude petroleum thousand metric tons Production 16,291 16,833 16,863 17,700 20,051 18,519 16,800 15,920 14,904 16,360 15,014 15,185 16,739 16,705 17,392 18,746 17,230 Exports 15,424 16,732 16,876 17,143 19,501 17,967 16,442 15,062 13,752 13,373 8,072 8,240 9,251 8,398 9,306 9,486 6,850 Imports l 8,747 9,083 9,971 9,936 11,048 11,477 11,225 12,850 12,857 398 492 629 729 1,312 704 182 435 Consumption................................................... Coal thousand metric tons Production 11,609 13,397 16,409 19,300 27,349 34,093 38,778 42,483 39,777 44,078 44,835 46,611 42,083 41,064 41,086 41,664 38,527 Exports 3,251 4,292 6,047 7,262 11,636 17,988 29,308 32,072 19,358 24,992 19,876 17,163 15,219 12,802 7,265 1,748 1,277 Imports............... 57 64 375 385 448...... 1,876 2,271 3,096 6,927 13,327 Consumption................................................... Natural gas million metric tons Production 1,596...... 2,712 6,269 6,440 7,000 7,080 7,499 8,010 9,402 8,480 9,355 9,751 10,210 10,660 10,610 Exports......... 158 148 1,569 1,859 839 24,144 20,067 7,917 14,121 8,973 57,178 259,127 157,723... Imports 20,953 32,940 54,116 94,100 149,213 208,042 270,707 417,534 563,044 443,133 542,282 672,957 618,776 644,093 782,705 538,418... Consumption...................................................

5 Electricity million kilowatt-hours Production 26,683 30,673 35,888 40,546 46,202 52,078 57,917 64,147 70,960 80,643 91,722 101,499 115,147 124,454 140,237 157,949 175,745 Exports 1,650 1,950 1,800 363 27,296 286,074 741,564 11,067 56,603 79,375 28,940 177,639 98,144 92,499... Imports 2,125 15,072 38,037 110,670 145,745 198,519 298,552 300,530 158,655 221,180 142,704 142,847... Consumption................................................... Retail prices dong/liter Gasoline, premium................................. 20,271 23,265 24,225 24,235 18,522... Diesel................................. 19,108 21,377 21,884 21,633 14,803... PRICE INDEXES period averages Consumer (national) 2005 2009 = 100 80.2 79.8 83.0 85.7 92.3 100.0 107.4 116.5 143.4 100.0 110.0 130.4 142.4 151.8 158.0 159.0 163.2 Food 73.4 72.4 77.9 79.9 89.8 100.0 108.7 120.8 165.0 100.0 110.7 140.0 151.4 155.5 161.7 164.1 168.2 Nonfood... 88.6 88.4 91.4 94.7 100.0 106.4 113.5 129.5 100.0 109.1 123.6 134.0 140.2 144.3 141.1 139.3 Consumer (capital) 2005 2009 = 100 85.3 85.3 85.3 89.9 93.9 100.0 107.5 116.0 141.1 100.0 112.0 132.1 143.4 152.5 159.8 160.9 166.0 Food 81.2 81.2 81.2 90.2 93.9 100.0 111.1 124.8 169.0 100.0 120.5 158.2 173.0 179.6 185.7 187.8 193.0 Nonfood 92.7 92.7 92.7 93.7 98.5 100.0 106.4 112.9 127.5 100.0 107.9 120.7 130.8 137.4 141.7 139.6 139.3 Producers 2010 = 100 51.0 52.1 53.0 54.9 58.4 61.0 63.5 67.9 82.7 88.8 100.0 118.4 122.5 128.9 133.1 132.4 131.7 Implicit GDP deflator 1994 2010 = 100 161.4 164.5 171.0 182.4 197.4 57.5 62.5 68.5 84.0 89.2 100.0 121.3 134.5 140.9 146.1 145.8 147.4 Price indexes annual change, percent Consumer price index (national) -1.6-0.5 4.0 3.2 7.8 8.3 7.4 8.4 23.1 6.7 10.0 18.6 9.2 6.6 4.1 0.6 2.7 Food price index (national) -3.9-1.3 7.6 2.5 12.4 11.3 8.7 11.2 36.6 8.7 10.7 26.5 8.1 2.7 4.0 1.5 2.5 Nonfood price index (national)...... -0.3 3.4 3.6 5.6 6.4 6.7 14.0 4.1 9.1 13.3 8.4 4.6 2.9-2.2-1.3 Producer price index -0.2 2.1 1.8 3.6 6.4 4.4 4.2 6.8 21.8 7.4 12.6 18.4 3.4 5.3 3.3-0.6-0.5 Implicit GDP deflator 3.4 1.9 4.0 6.7 8.2 9.0 8.6 9.6 22.7 6.2 12.1 21.3 10.9 4.8 3.7-0.2 1.1 MONEY AND BANKING m billion dong; as of end of period Money supply (M1) 152,497 191,113 235,518 314,148 402,738 531,472 723,204 443,429 442,984 581,535 640,959 705,998 860,959 1,017,278 1,240,196 1,456,114 1,713,832 Currency in circulation 52,208 66,319 74,263 90,583 109,097 131,171 158,809 220,514 236,848 293,225 337,949 370,992 455,504 506,739 624,832 726,559 851,441 Demand deposits n 100,289 124,794 161,255 223,564 293,641 400,301 564,394 222,915 206,136 288,310 303,010 335,006 405,455 510,539 615,364 729,555 862,391 Quasi-money o 70,385 88,667 93,632 97,084 129,608 159,180 199,469 904,814 1,179,145 1,510,912 2,148,225 2,419,962 2,841,909 3,383,414 3,939,021 4,563,495 5,411,969 Money supply (M2) 222,882 279,781 329,150 411,232 532,346 690,652 922,672 1,348,244 1,622,130 2,092,447 2,789,184 3,125,960 3,702,867 4,400,692 5,179,216 6,019,609 7,125,801 Foreign assets (net) 95,692 117,615 117,418 131,402 145,910 191,077 287,925 410,414 428,929 312,264 266,567 300,823 548,108 612,697 825,954 836,057 948,545 Domestic credit 155,236 191,204 239,921 316,872 434,572 585,559 730,330 1,096,780 1,400,693 2,039,686 2,689,527 3,062,086 3,403,504 3,876,350 4,479,804 5,381,433 6,306,619 Claims on government sector -484 2,102 8,843 20,135 14,527 32,461 36,496 29,051 61,430 170,431 213,991 232,362 325,801 406,668 530,128 688,516 731,566 Claims on private sector p 155,720 189,103 231,078 296,737 420,046 553,098 693,834 1,067,729 1,339,263 1,869,255 2,475,535 2,829,723 3,077,703 3,469,683 3,949,676 4,692,917 5,575,053 Claims on other financial institutions Claims on state and local government Claims on public nonfinancial corporations Other items (net) -28,046-29,039-28,191-37,040-48,137-85,984-95,583-158,950-207,492-259,503-166,909-236,948-248,745-88,355-126,542-197,880-129,363 Money Supply (M2) annual change, percent 56.2 25.5 17.6 24.9 29.5 29.7 33.6 46.1 20.3 29.0 33.3 12.1 18.5 18.9 17.7 16.2 18.4 M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 50.5 58.1 61.4 67.0 74.4 75.6 86.9 108.1 100.4 115.7 129.3 112.4 114.1 122.8 131.5 143.6 158.3

6 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017 Interest Rates q percent per annum; period averages Savings 0.2 0.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.7... Time: 6 months 4.8 6.2 7.4 6.5 7.0 7.8 7.8 8.2 13.3 10.2 11.1 13.7 10.1 7.3 6.4 5.6... 12 months r 6.2 6.8 7.8 7.2 7.6 8.4 8.4 8.8 13.5 10.4 11.5 13.6 11.3 8.7 7.2 6.3... GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion dong; fiscal year ending 31 December Total revenue and grants s 90,749 103,888 121,716 158,056 198,614 238,686 289,170 336,273 434,761 456,388 588,429 721,804 735,183 828,348 877,697 996,870 1,101,377 Total revenue s 88,721 101,877 119,466 155,087 195,737 234,897 281,273 330,261 425,348 448,480 576,561 709,701 724,916 817,224 866,647 984,865 1,092,858 Current revenue t 87,883 100,918 118,346 145,822 180,197 219,438 263,864 299,096 392,463 408,892 524,998 655,476 678,012 770,830 820,491 916,118 991,971 Taxes s 79,497 91,688 106,154 127,947 155,579 191,725 236,331 268,594 363,020 373,201 483,037 618,846 617,442 685,207 717,371 764,408 808,111 Nontaxes 8,386 9,230 12,192 17,875 24,618 27,714 27,532 30,502 29,443 35,691 41,961 36,630 60,570 85,623 103,120 151,710 183,860 Capital receipts 838 959 1,120 9,265 15,540 15,459 17,409 31,165 32,885 39,588 51,563 54,225 46,904 46,394 46,156 68,747 100,887 Grants 2,028 2,011 2,250 2,969 2,877 3,789 7,897 6,012 9,413 7,908 11,868 12,103 10,267 11,124 11,050 12,005 8,519 Total expenditure and net lending 109,633 120,968 134,090 171,408 197,476 247,749 276,170 347,468 424,864 531,704 632,857 735,041 844,181 1,008,538 1,062,655 1,187,810 1,288,309 Total expenditure u 99,751 117,285 129,434 162,151 187,353 229,092 268,410 336,312 411,836 508,029 586,317 706,428 913,647 1,031,573 1,039,579 1,193,110 1,293,009 Current expenditure v 70,127 77,049 84,216 102,522 121,238 149,893 180,069 232,010 292,374 326,666 403,151 498,122 644,835 759,893 791,127 875,208 937,951 Capital expenditure w 29,624 40,236 45,218 59,629 66,115 79,199 88,341 104,302 119,462 181,363 183,166 208,306 268,812 271,680 248,452 236,832 268,181 Net lending 9,882 3,683 4,656 9,257 10,123 18,657 7,760 11,156 13,028 23,675 46,540 28,613-69,466-23,035 23,076-5,300-4,700 Current surplus/deficit 17,756 23,869 34,130 43,300 58,959 69,545 83,795 67,085 100,089 82,226 121,847 157,354 33,177 10,937 29,364 40,910 54,020 Capital account surplus/deficit -28,786-39,277-44,098-50,364-50,575-63,740-70,932-73,137-86,577-141,775-131,603-154,081-221,908-225,286-202,296-168,085-167,294 Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -18,884-17,080-12,374-13,352 1,138-9,063 13,000-11,195 9,897-75,316-44,428-13,237-108,998-180,190-184,958-190,940-186,932 Financing Domestic borrowing 6,110 7,333 4,711 6,327 4,671 4,525 3,160-6,740-37,962 11,405 359,136 426,389 550,856............ Foreign borrowing 6,292 4,809 5,306 4,577 3,210 2,615 5,804 6,779 15,037 30,338 530,253 666,373 726,318............ Use of cash balances 6,482 4,938 2,357 2,448-9,019 1,923-21,964 11,156 13,028 33,573-844,961-1,079,524-1,168,175............ Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices Total revenue 20.1 21.2 22.3 25.3 27.4 25.7 26.5 26.5 26.3 24.8 26.7 25.5 22.3 22.8 22.0 23.5 24.3 Taxes s 18.0 19.1 19.8 20.9 21.7 21.0 22.3 21.5 22.5 20.6 22.4 22.3 19.0 19.1 18.2 18.2 17.9 Total expenditure u 22.6 24.4 24.2 26.4 26.2 25.1 25.3 27.0 25.5 28.1 27.2 25.4 28.2 28.8 26.4 28.5 28.7 Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -4.3-3.5-2.3-2.2 0.1-1.0 1.2-0.9 0.6-4.2-2.1-0.5-3.4-5.0-4.7-4.6-4.2 EXTERNAL TRADE million US dollars; calendar year Exports, fob 14,483 15,029 16,706 20,149 26,485 32,447 39,826 48,561 62,685 57,096 72,237 96,906 114,529 132,033 150,217 162,017 176,632 Imports, cif x 15,637 16,218 19,746 25,256 31,969 36,761 44,891 62,765 80,714 69,949 84,839 106,750 113,780 132,033 147,849 165,570 174,111 Trade Balance -1,154-1,189-3,040-5,107-5,484-4,314-5,065-14,204-18,029-12,853-12,602-9,844 749 0 2,368-3,554 2,521 External Trade annual change, percent Exports 25.5 3.8 11.2 20.6 31.4 22.5 22.7 21.9 29.1-8.9 26.5 34.2 18.2 15.3 13.8 7.9 9.0 Imports 33.2 3.7 21.8 27.9 26.6 15.0 22.1 39.8 28.6-13.3 21.3 25.8 6.6 16.0 12.0 12.0 5.0 Direction of Trade million US dollars; calendar year Exports, total 14,483 15,032 16,710 20,156 26,525 32,537 39,893 48,624 62,791 57,516 70,249 93,756 111,450 128,743 145,863 159,987 185,487 1. United States 733 1,065 2,453 3,939 5,025 5,924 7,845 10,105 11,887 11,356 14,238 16,928 19,668 23,869 28,656 33,475 37,540 2. China, People s Rep. of 1,536 1,417 1,518 1,883 2,899 3,228 3,243 3,646 4,850 4,909 7,309 11,125 12,388 13,259 14,906 16,568 26,351 3. Japan 2,575 2,510 2,437 2,909 3,542 4,340 5,240 6,090 8,468 6,292 7,728 10,781 13,060 13,651 14,704 14,100 15,228 4. Korea, Rep. of 353 406 469 492 608 664 843 1,243 1,794 2,065 3,092 4,715 5,580 6,631 7,144 8,915 11,427

7 5. Hong Kong, China 316 317 340 369 380 353 453 583 877 1,034 1,464 2,206 3,706 4,107 5,203 6,959 7,198 6. Germany 730 722 729 855 1,065 1,086 1,445 1,855 2,073 1,885 2,373 3,367 4,095 4,730 5,185 5,707 6,079 7. United Arab Emirates 24 33 41 66 94 122 141 234 358 360 508 922 2,078 4,139 4,628 5,691 6,165 8. Malaysia 414 337 348 454 624 1,028 1,254 1,555 2,030 1,682 2,093 2,832 4,496 4,926 3,931 3,577 3,197 9. United Kingdom 479 512 572 755 1,010 1,016 1,180 1,431 1,581 1,329 1,682 2,398 3,034 3,699 3,652 4,645 4,953 10. Netherlands 391 365 404 493 582 659 857 1,182 1,577 1,335 1,688 2,148 2,476 2,937 3,769 4,760 5,747 Imports, total 15,647 16,218 19,746 25,261 31,969 36,761 44,891 62,765 80,714 69,949 83,365 104,510 111,640 129,258 144,778 175,784 186,461 1. China, People s Rep. of 1,401 1,606 2,159 3,139 4,595 5,900 7,391 12,710 15,974 16,441 20,019 24,594 28,786 36,954 43,868 49,441 46,496 2. Korea, Rep. of 1,754 1,887 2,280 2,625 3,359 3,594 3,908 5,340 7,255 6,976 9,761 13,176 15,536 20,698 21,736 27,579 32,449 3. Japan 2,301 2,183 2,505 2,982 3,553 4,074 4,702 6,189 8,240 7,468 9,016 10,400 11,603 11,612 12,909 14,182 14,693 4. Taipei,China 1,880 2,009 2,525 2,916 3,698 4,304 4,825 6,947 8,363 6,253 6,977 8,557 8,534 9,424 11,085 10,004 10,299 5. Thailand 811 792 955 1,282 1,859 2,374 3,034 3,744 4,906 4,514 5,602 6,384 5,792 6,311 7,119 8,270 8,756 6. United States 364 411 458 1,143 1,134 863 987 1,701 2,647 3,009 3,767 4,529 4,827 5,232 6,284 7,793 11,087 7. Singapore 2,694 2,478 2,534 2,876 3,618 4,482 6,274 7,614 9,378 4,248 4,101 6,391 6,690 5,703 6,827 6,031 5,439 8. Malaysia 389 464 683 925 1,215 1,257 1,482 2,290 2,596 2,505 3,413 3,920 3,412 4,104 4,193 4,185 6,076 9. Germany 295 397 558 615 694 662 915 1,309 1,480 1,587 1,742 2,199 2,377 2,963 2,623 3,203 3,656 10. India 178 228 325 457 594 596 880 1,357 2,094 1,635 1,762 2,346 2,161 2,883 3,132 2,655 3,014 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS y million US dollars; calendar year Current account 1,296 682-607 -1,905-1,000-561 -164-7,092-10,823-6,608-4,276 233 9,267 7,744 9,037-353 8,235 Goods 376 481-1,054-2,555-2,287-2,439-2,776-10,438-12,783-7,607-5,136-450 8,714 8,713 12,126 7,375 14,013 Exports, fob 14,448 15,027 16,706 20,149 26,485 32,447 39,826 48,561 62,685 57,096 72,237 96,906 114,529 132,032 150,217 162,017 176,632 Imports, fob 14,072 14,546 17,760 22,704 28,772 34,886 42,602 58,999 75,468 64,703 77,373 97,356 105,815 123,319 138,091 154,642 162,619 Services -550-572 -749-778 -872-296 -8-894 -950-2,421-2,461-3,168-1,430-3,110-3,530-5,250-5,400 Credit 2,702 2,810 2,948 3,272 3,867 4,176 5,100 6,030 7,006 5,766 7,460 8,691 9,620 10,710 10,970 11,250 12,250 Debit 3,252 3,382 3,697 4,050 4,739 4,472 5,108 6,924 7,956 8,187 9,921 11,859 11,050 13,820 14,500 16,500 17,650 Primary income -262-477 -725-811 -934-1,206-1,429-2,190-4,401-3,028-4,564-4,834-6,229-7,336-8,844-9,979-8,363 Credit 331 318 167 125 188 364 668 1,166 1,357 753 456 395 295 281 323 399 572 Debit 593 795 892 936 1,122 1,570 2,097 3,356 5,758 3,781 5,020 5,229 6,524 7,617 9,167 10,378 8,935 Secondary income 1,732 1,250 1,921 2,239 3,093 3,380 4,049 6,430 7,311 6,448 7,885 8,685 8,212 9,477 9,285 7,501 7,985 Credit 1,732 1,250 1,921 2,239 3,093...... 6,779 7,715 6,801 8,222 9,213 8,667 10,027 10,022 8,586 9,125 Debit...... 349 404 353 337 528 455 550 737 1,085 1,140 Capital account Credit Debit Financial account -754 220 1,978 3,305 2,652 3,087 3,088 18,011 12,341 6,755 6,201 6,490 8,729-283 5,571 967 10,957 Direct investment 1,298 1,300 1,400 1,450 1,610 1,889 2,315 6,797 9,279 6,900 7,100 6,569 7,168 6,944 8,050 10,700 11,600 Portfolio investment 865 1,313 6,243-578 -71 2,370 1,460 1,990 1,460 93-65 228 Financial derivatives Other investments -2,052-1,080 578 1,855 1,042 333-540 4,971 3,640-74 -3,269-1,539-429 -8,687-2,572-9,668-871 Net errors and omissions -864-862 -1,014 751-769 -395 1,398-720 -1,045-9,022-3,690-5,574-6,129-6,904-6,233-6,645-10,802 Overall balance -322 40 357 2,151 883 2,131 4,322 10,199 473-8,875-1,765 1,149 11,867 557 8,375-6,032 8,390 Reserves and related items 322-40 -357-2,151-883 -2,131-4,322-10,199-473 8,875 1,765-1,149-11,867-557 8,375-6,032 8,390 International investment position................................................... Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices Exports 46.3 46.0 47.6 50.9 58.3 56.3 60.0 62.7 63.2 53.9 62.3 71.5 73.5 77.1 80.7 83.8 86.0 Imports -45.1-44.5-50.7-57.4-63.3-60.5-64.2-76.2-76.1-61.0-66.7-71.8-67.9-72.0 74.2 80.0 79.2

8 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2017 Trade balance 1.2 1.5-3.0-6.5-5.0-4.2-4.2-13.5-12.9-7.2-4.4-0.3 5.6 5.1 6.5 3.8 6.8 Current account balance 4.2 2.1-1.7-4.8-2.2-1.0-0.2-9.2-10.9-6.2-3.7 0.2 5.9 4.5 4.9-0.2 4.0 Overall balance -1.0 0.1 1.0 5.4 1.9 3.7 6.5 13.2 0.5-8.4-1.5 0.8 7.6 0.3 4.5-3.1 4.1 INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US dollars; as of end of period Total 3,510 3,765 4,232 6,359 7,186 9,216 13,591 23,748 24,176 16,803 12,926 14,046 26,113 26,287 34,575 28,616... Gold, national valuation 93 91 111 135 145 166 207 268 286 356 460 506 540 394 386 366... Foreign exchange 3,416 3,660 4,121 6,222 7,041 9,050 13,382 23,472 23,882 16,027 12,054 13,128 25,161 25,481 33,801 27,879... Reserve position in the Fund 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SDRs 0 15 0 2 0 1 2 8 8 420 413 411 412 413 388 371 360 EXCHANGE RATES dong per US Dollar End of period 14,514 15,084 15,403 15,646 15,777 15,916 16,054 16,114 16,977 17,941 18,932 20,828 20,828 21,036 21,246 21,890 22,159 Average of period 14,168 14,725 15,280 15,510 15,746 15,859 15,994 16,105 16,302 17,065 18,613 20,510 20,828 20,933 21,148 21,698 21,935 EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US dollars; as of end of period Total debt outstanding and disbursed 12,785 12,579 13,267 15,517 17,566 18,530 18,686 23,071 26,435 32,703 44,902 53,886 61,577 65,452 72,423 77,798... Long-term debt 11,584 11,434 12,143 14,285 15,526 16,219 15,995 18,442 22,040 27,346 37,444 42,612 48,746 52,801 58,366 65,374... Public and publicly guaranteed 11,584 11,434 12,143 14,285 15,526 16,219 15,995 18,442 22,040 27,346 32,764 36,750 39,940 42,940 44,807 46,335... Private nonguaranteed 4,680 5,862 8,806 9,861 13,559 19,039... Short-term debt 823 719 679 822 1,688 2,040 2,439 4,390 4,201 4,779 6,928 10,778 12,347 12,166 13,601 11,988... Use of IMF credit 378 426 446 409 351 272 252 239 195 578 529 496 484 485 456 436... External debt percent of GNI 38.5 36.1 35.5 36.9 36.2 32.8 28.8 30.7 27.5 32.2 40.3 41.5 41.2 39.9 40.9 42.5... Total long-term debt percent of total debt 90.6 90.9 91.5 92.1 88.4 87.5 85.6 79.9 83.4 83.6 83.4 79.1 79.2 80.7 80.6 84.0... Short-term debt percent of total debt 6.4 5.7 5.1 5.3 9.6 11.0 13.1 19.0 15.9 14.6 15.4 20.0 20.1 18.6 18.8 15.4... Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 7.5 6.7 6.1 3.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.9 3.6 3.2 4.2 3.8... Debt service million US dollars; transactions during the year Principal repayments on long-term debt 936.7 791.3 844.0 473.6 384.1 480.4 477.0 616.8 770.0 915.0 1,048.3 3,082.2 3,275.6 3,273.8 5,307.2 4,922.3 7,916.2 Interest on long-term debt 297.6 354.0 276.0 269.9 305.9 318.3 329.0 419.8 465.8 476.4 706.7 902.4 1,011.7 1,074.1 1,237.8 1,537.6 1,546.8 Interest on short-term debt 45.3 25.3 19.8 17.6 38.7 90.2 123.8 184.0 131.2 56.2 78.6 114.2 238.4 167.3 181.6 163.9... Average terms of new commitments Interest percent per annum 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.9 1.8 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.4 1.2 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.1... Maturity years 36.0 38.5 36.0 28.4 29.4 27.1 28.7 26.4 28.0 27.9 23.2 27.0 25.9 25.3 24.2 28.8... Grace period years 9.5 9.7 9.8 7.7 7.8 9.4 7.5 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.9 6.8 7.0 8.1 7.6... Grant element percent 73.0 76.8 73.6 61.7 63.8 57.3 55.5 54.6 58.8 65.5 56.0 58.1 60.3 60.0 59.8 67.7...... = data not available at cutoff date; = marks break in the series; = magnitude equals zero; 0 or 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; * = provisional, preliminary, estimate, budget figure; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GSO = General Statistics Office; GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; NPISHs = nonprofit institutions serving households; SDRs = special drawing rights; US = United States. a b c d e f g Refers to total number of persons engaged in any activity regardless of age. For 2000 2002, data refer to mining and quarrying; manufacturing; elecriticy, gas, steam, and air-conditioning; water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities. For 2000 2004, data refer to transportation and storage; and information and communication. From 2006 onward, item refers to urban area only. For 2000 2004, data refer to electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities. For 2000 2004, data refer to wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; and accommodation and food service activities. For 2000 2004, refers to public administration and defense; compulsory social security; education; health and social work; and arts, entertainment, and recreation activities.

9 h For 2000 2004, data include real estate activities; professional, scientific, and technical activities; and administrative and support service activities. i From 2005 onward, methodology was revised and new base year was used. j For 2000 and 2004, data refer to exports less imports of goods and services. Annual growth rate cannot be computed separately for exports and imports for 2000, 2001, and 2004. k Derived from balance of secondary income data under the balance of payments section. l Refers to imports of refined petroleum products. m Expanded monetary survey that includes 4 government and 24 nongovernment commercial banks. n Item includes time and savings deposits and deposit substitutes. o Refers to foreign currency deposits. p Includes cooperatives. q Data from 2000 to 2010 were estimated based on the annual nonweighted average of the monthly deposit rates provided by the Ho Chi Minh City Securities Company. For 2011 2015, data were provided by State Bank of. r For 2000 2010, refers to maximum interest per annum for state enterprise deposits. s Tax revenue includes local government taxes. t Item refers to recurrent revenue. u Total expenditure includes local government expenditure. For 2015 2016, total expenditure is not equal to the sum of current expenditure and capital expenditure. Figures are preliminary and subject for revision to include expenditures that are not yet compiled. v Item refers to recurrent expenditure. w Item refers to development investment expenditure. x Includes foreign aid in goods. y Data prior to 2014 are based on the fifth edition of the IMF s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM); data from 2014 are based on BPM6. Sources: Population Labor Force National Accounts GSO. Official communication, 28 April 2017; past communication. GSO. Official communication, 28 April 2017; past communication. GSO. Official communication, 28 April 2017; past communication. Production Indexes Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (accessed 20 June 2017). Energy Price Indexes Money and Banking GSO. Official communication, 28 April 2017; Statistical Yearbook 2003; past issues; past communication. GSO. Official communication, 28 April 2017; past communication. State Bank of. Official communication, 17 May 2017; past communication. Interest Rates For 2000 2010: Asian Development Bank estimates using Ho Chi Minh City Securities Company data. For 2011 2015: State Bank of. Official communication, 25 July 2016. Government Finance External Trade Ministry of Finance. Official communication, 21 June 2017; past communication. GSO. Official communication, 28 April 2017; Statistical Yearbook 2003; past issues; past communication. Direction of Trade IMF. Direction of Trade Statistics. http://data.imf.org/?sk=388dfa60-1d26-4ade-b505-a05a558d9a42 (accessed 24 May 2017). Balance of Payments State Bank of. Official communication, 17 May 2017; past communication. International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/ (accessed 2 June 2017). Exchange Rates External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators and International Debt Statistics. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators (accessed 10 July 2017).