RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN KOLHAPUR DISTRICT

CHAPTER: 4 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN KOLHAPUR DISTRICT

CHAPTER : 4 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN KOLHAPUR DISTRICT 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 DISTRICT RURAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (DRDA), ZILLA PARISHAD KOLHAPUR 4.2. A INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IRDP) 4.2. B TRAINING OF RURAL YOUTH FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT (TRYSEM) 4.2. C SUPPLY OF IMPROVED TOOL-KITS TO RURAL ARTISANS (SITRA) 4.2. D DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS (DWCRA) 4. 3 JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANA (JRY) 4.3. A INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA (IAY) 4.3. B MILLION WELL SCHEME (MWS) 4.4 WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAMME (WCP) 4.5 EMPLOYMENT ASSURANCE SCHEME (EAS) 4.6 SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY) 4.7 JAWAHAR GRAM SAMRUDDHI YOJANA (JGSY) 4.8 PRIME-MINISTER RURAL AWAAS YOJANA (PMRAY) 4.9 INTEGRATED WASTE LAND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, CHANDGAD TAHSIL. (IWLDP) 4.10 SAMPURN GRAMIN ROZGAR YOJANA (SGRY)

4.11 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEPARTMENT, ZILLA PARISHAD KOLHAPUR 4.12 EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME (EGS), KOLHAPUR 4.13 RURAL WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT, ZILLA PARISHAD KOLHAPUR 4.14 AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, ZILLA PARISHAD KOLHAPUR, PROGRAMMES 4.15 DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT, AGRICULTURE PROGRAMMES, KOLHAPUR 4.16 DISTRICT INDUSTRIAL CENTRE, KOLHAPUR 4.17 SUMMARY

CHAPTER:4 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN KOLHAPUR DISTRICT 4.1 INTRODUCTION The Government of India has launched many programmes to remove the poverty in rural areas. In 1951, the Government has started Five-Year Plans with high stress on all-round Development of rural area. The Government started various programmes for the development of each area. All these programmes aim at alleviation of rural poverty. This has become the major objective of planning in our country. These programmes are mostly influenced by the geographical factors. There are different Rural Development Programmes in different areas of the district. 4.2. DISTRICT RURAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (DRDA), ZILLA PARISHAD, KOLHAPUR In Kolhapur district, the first office for rural development was established in the year 1976-77. Name of that department was Small Farmer Development Agency (SFDA). In the year, 1980-81 SFDA programme was converted into the Integrated Rural development Programme" (IRDP) and the name of the agency was changed to District Rural Development Agency (DRDA). The Agency was registered on December 18, 1976 and the registration number was MAH 714 / Kolhapur. Under the DRDA, the first programme launched was Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). However, the same programme was used to include 20-Point Programme in the year 1980-81. 68

4.2. A DRDA DISTRICT LEVEL SAMITIES: STRUCTURE The Following committees are functioning for DRDA. a. Governing Council b. Annual General Meeting c. Working Committee. a. GOVERNING COUNCIL The Governing Council was restructured on April 12,2001, G.R. 1090/1293/45. The functions of the Governing Council include the decision making for the implementation of the programmes, to sanction the annual working plan and to sanction the expenditure incurred on various programmes. b. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETTING The work of annual general meeting is to sanction the annual project reports, audit reports and the annual general meeting is held under the chairmanship of guardian minister. c. WORKING COMMITTEE The managing Committee or working Committee has been restructured on May 8, 2001 under G.R. No. 1095/1293/45. 69

The structure of the Governing Council is given below. 1 Chairman, Zilla Parishad Chairman 2 All District Level MLAs Member 3 1/3 Panchayat Samiti (for 1 year period) (1 member SC/ST and 1 female) Member 4 Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad Member 5 Chairman District Central Bank Member 6 Chairman District Lead Bank Member 7 Chairman Regional Rural Bank Member 8 Reserve Bank at India, District Level Representative. Member 9 NABARD (District level member) Member 10 General Manager, District Industrial Centre Member 11 Representative of Khadi and village Industries Member 12 Project Director of Integrated Tribal Development Project. Member 13 District Women and Child Development Officer Member 14 District Social-Welfare Officer Member 15 Technical Institute (1 Member) Member 16 N.G.O (1 Member) Member 17 Two members as Representative of people BPL (1 SC/ST) Member 18 Rural Female Representative (1) Member 19 Project Direct, District Rural Development Agency Secretary 70

The structure of the Working Committee is given below 1 Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad Chairman 2 Chief Account and Financial Officer, Zilla Parishad Member 3 Additional Chief Executive Officer (General) Member 4 Additional Chief Executive Officer (Panchayat) Member 5 Executive Engineer PWD, Zilla Parishad Member 6 Executive Engineer (Irrigation), Zilla Parishad Member 7 District Health Officer, Zilla Parishad Member 8 District Livestock Officer, Zilla Parishad Member 9 Agriculture Development Officer, Zilla Parishad Member 10 Education Officer ( Primary), Zilla Parishad Member 11 General Manager District Industrial Centre Member 12 Manager Khadi, Rural and Cottage industries Member 13 District Social-welfare Officer Member 14 District Women and Child development Officer Member 15 District Information Officer Member 16 District Vocation Education and Training officer Membei 17 District Superintendent (Agriculture) Member 18 Dy. Director Social Forestry Department Member 19 District Planning Officer Member 20 District Dairy Development officer Member 21 Sr. Geologist ( Ground Water development and Survey) Member 22 District Employment Officer Member 71

23 District Fisheries Development Officer Member 24 District Lead Bank Officer Member 25 District level Representative(NABARD) Member 26 All Block Development Officers Member 27 Project Director, District Rural Development Agency Secretary d. IMPLEMENTATION METHODS OF WORKING COMMITTEE The Government of Maharashtra has allotted to working committee following responsibilities. i. All administrative and financial rights are given to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) ii. iii. To arrange at least one meeting per month. To sanction funds for various projects and to implement those projects. iv. Routine administrative work and financial rights are given to district Chief Executive Officer (CEO) However, Project Director is a district level Secretary of the District Rural Development Agency, under whose guidance and management all otner district and tahsil level Officers are working for the implementation of IRDP. 72

Administrative Setup of IRDP 4.2. B INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IRDP) In India Integrated Rural Development Programme was launched during the Sixth Five Year Plan. Maharashtra government started Integrated Rural Development Programme in the year 1978-79 in some parts of state and in October 1980 implemented this programme in all the districts of Maharashtra. The IRDP was started in Kolhapur District in the year 1980. 4.2. a OBJECTIVES OF IRDP a. The utilization of labour, natural resources and infrastructural facilities of rural areas and to remove the poverty of the people below poverty line (BPL). b. Helping bottom man to become self reliant through maximum benefits from resources with the technology. 73

c. To achieve all-round development of the target group and to lift them above the poverty line. 4.2. b TARGET GROUP The Target Group 'under IRDP comprises scheduled caste, and scheduled tribes, small farmers, marginal farmers and agricultural labourers, and non-agricultural labours, village artisans. At least 30 percent beneficiaries of the programme are women. In the implementation of IRDP at the village level, the beneficiaries were selected by surveys. Then lowest income group families were selected by Antyodaya approach. According to that approach benefits are extended first to the poorest among the poor. With a view of ensuring the selection of really deserving families, the discussions are held in the meetings of the Gramsabha on the enlistment of beneficiaries. 4.2. c DEFINITION OF POVERTY LINE Poverty line is related to the terms of annual income and having land owned by the family. In DRDA report (1982), the definition of the poverty line is given as, A family having an annual income of Rs. 3500 or less and having dry land up to 5 acres or irrigated land up to 2.5 acres, is considered to be a family below the poverty line. According to another definition of poverty line the families having annual income of rupees 3500 to rupees 6000 are classified as families below poverty line. In 1992-93, families with annual income below 11,000 were considered as below poverty line. The Ninth plan poverty line criteria are the families having annual income below 20,000 rupees. 74

4.2. d IRDP IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK In Kolhapur district considering the physical conditions and infrastructural facilities the following IRDP programmes are implemented. IRDP s main aim was the income generation for the target families selected under the programmes and divided into four categories. I. Primary-agricultural and allied activity II. III. IV. Secondary-sericulture and tanning industry Tertiary-transport and small business activities Other development activities Under this programme, there are various sub-programmes. Small farmer is eligible for the subsidy of 25 percent of total cost of the proposal. Marginal farmer and rural artisan are eligible for subsidy of 33.33 percent. The infrastructure items are. I. Supply of equipment to co-operatives of milk producer organisation. II. Assistance to co-operatives setting up for rears people engaged in animal husbandry etc, these schemes are only illustrative and not exhaustive. 75

TABLE 4.1 Kolhapur District Achievement of IRDP (1980 to 1999) Sr. Year Expenditure Beneficiaries No. During Total Families Total the year (lakh Rs.) During Families (lakh Rs.) the year Number 1 1980-81 42.95 42.95 5646 5646 2 1981-82 80.35 123.30 10283 15929 3 1982-83 131.88 255.18 10331 26260 4 1983-84 112.65 367.83 11220 37480 5 1984-85 106.46 474.29 8607 46087 6 1985-86 141.90 616.19 5864 51951 7 1986-87 181.61 797.80 7958 59909 8 1987-88 227.85 1025.65 8527 68436 9 1988-89 242.00 1267.65 14012 82448 10 1989-90 308.43 1576.08 13014 95462 11 1990-91 281.07 1857.15 12883 108345 12 1991-92 262.73 2119.88 10078 118423 13 1992-93 269.41 2389.29 9420 127843 14 1993-94 353.32 2742.61 10555 138398 15 1994-95 386.11 3128.72 11077 149475 16 1995-96 401.32 3530.04 9364 158839 17 1996-97 360.68 3890.72 7593 166432 18 1997-98 416.88 4307.60 7808 174240 19 1998-99 533.28 4840.88 * 8645 182885* (* Cumulative totals) Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1998-99 The table no 4.1 indicates the achievement of IRDP in Kolhapur district form the year 1980 to 1999. It shows expenditure and number of beneficiaries families under IRDP for the period of 19 years. 76

The IRDP was implemented in the district during the year 1980. It was observed in the starting year the expenditure was Rs. 42.95 lakh and number of beneficiary families was 5646-benefited form IRDP. At the end of the first decade, the expenditure was Rs. 308.43 lakh and the number of beneficiaries families was 13014. In the table the maximum expenditure indicated at the end of the second decade in the year 1998-99 was Rs. 533.28 lakh and in the year 1997-98 Rs. 416.88 lakh. Moreover, the maximum number of beneficiaries families was in the year 1988-89 (14012) and 1989-90 (13014). Thus, the remarkable and consistent growth is observed in number of beneficiaries unto the year 1988-89. However, during the period of 23 years, total expenditure was Rs. 4840.88 lakh and the number of beneficiaries families was 182885. The increase in the expenditure during the period under the study is 113 time and the increase in the number of beneficiaries families is 333 times shows that the achievements of the IRDP are remarkable. 77

DIAGRAM 4.1 Kolhapur District Achievement of IRDP (1980 to 1999) 600 n 1980-81 1982-83 1998-99 Expenditure Lakh (Rs. N) CO ^ O O O J L

DIAGRAM 4.2 Kolhapur District Achievement of IRDP (1980 to 1999) Beneficiries (Families) Or-N(0^lfi(OSCOO)OT-tMCO^ifi!0 cooocococococococoooo>o>a>0)0)o>a> 030)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0)0) Years 1997-98 1998-99

TABLE 4.2 Kolhapur District IRDP Beneficiaries (1992-93) Sr. Tahsil Beneficiaries No Female SC/ST Other Total %of Total 1 Ajra 236 79 304 619 6.57 2 Bhudargad 246 98 357 701 7.45 3 Chandgad 217 175 341 733 7.78 4 Gadhinglaj 235 195 679 1109 11.78 5 Gaganbavada 56 25 28 109 1.16 6 Hatkanangale 429 374 374 1177 12.49 7 Kagal 357 241 554 1152 12.23 8 Karveer 208 190 361 759 8.06 9 Panhala 353 107 286 746 7.92 10 Radhanagari 152 97 409 658 6.98 11 Shahuwadi 182 149 328 659 6.99 12 Shirol 231 247 520 998 10.59 Total 2902 1977 4541 9420 100 Percentage to total (30.81) (20.98) (48.21) (100) Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual Report 1992-93. 80

MAP 4.1 KOLHAPUR DISTRICT IRDP Beneficries (1992-93)

TABLE 4.3 Kolhapur District IRDP beneficiaries (1996-97) Sr. Tahsil Beneficiaries No Female SC/ST Other Total %of Total 1 Ajra 149 58 192 399 5.25 2 Bhudargad 374 180 554 7.29 3 Chandgad 311 232 20 563 7.41 4 Gadhinglaj 384 199 177 760 10.00 5 Gaganbavada 149 57 65 271 3.56 6 Hatkanangale 243 206 220 669 8.81 7 Kagal 498 180 25 703 9.25 8 Karveer 324 346 439 1109 14.60 9 Panhala 345. 177 224 746 9.82 10 Radhanagari 272 142 5 419 5.57 11 Shahuwadi 150 172 135 457 6.01 12 Shirol 408 317 218 943 12.42 Total 3607 2266 1720 7593 100 Percentage to total (47.51) (29.84) (22.65) (100) Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual Report 1996-97. 82

MAP 4.2 KOLHAPUR DISTRICT IRDP Beneficries (1996-97) T 30 60 90 120 vy. 30 30 60 90 120 150 Index Beneficiaries (Number) 250 and Below 251 to 500 N n 180 501 to 750 0>i- 180-751 to 1000 above 1001 15 _L 30 km. J 30 60 90 JL 120 I

TABLE 4.4 Kolhapur District IRDP Beneficiaries (1998-99) Sr. Tahsil Beneficiaries No. Female SC/ST Other Total %Of Total 1 Ajra 281 147 08 436 5.04 2 Bhudargad 254 209 463 5.35 3 Chandgad 353 276 629 7.27 4 Gadhinglaj 436 244 680 7.86 5 Gaganbavada 113 56 169 1.95 6 Hatkanangale 527 301 452 1280 14.81 7 Kagal 333 280 51 664 7.68 8 Karveer 513 602 152 1267 14.66 9 Panhala 344 290 110 744 8.61 10 Radhanagari 448 352 800 9.25 11 Shahuwadi 215 167 276 658 7.62 12 Shirol 411 444 855 9.90 Total 4228 3368 1049 8645 100 Percentage to total (48.91) (38.96) (12.13) (100) Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1998-99. The tables 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 highlight the tahsil-wise distribution of the IRDP beneficiaries in Kolhapur district during the years 1992-93, 1996-97 and 1998-99. 84

MAP 4.3 KOLHAPUR DISTRICT IRDP Beneficries (1998-99) 30 60 90 12) V- 30 30-60 Vr= 90 120 \r El Vr- 120-150. 150 Index Beneficiaries (Number) N A 180 r Below 400 351 to 800 701 to 1200 above 12001 30 I 0JL. t 60 90 120 I 15 180-30 km. J

The table no 4.2 shows the tahsil-wise data of the IRDP beneficiaries in 1992-93, in this year higher number of female beneficiaries were found in Hatkanangale (429), Kagal (357) and Panhala (353) tahsils. Median number of beneficiaries was in Bhudargad (246) Ajra (236) and Shirol (231) tahsils. The lower numbers of female beneficiaries were found in Gaganbavada (56) and Radhanagari (152) tahsils. The proportion of SC/ST beneficiaries was higher in Hatkanangale (374), Shirol (247) and Kagal (241) tahsils. In addition, the total SC / ST beneficiaries number was 1977. In Other categories mainly Savarna, Muslim and other general category people are included. The number of total beneficiaries in the year 1992-93 was 9420. It was observed that the maximum proportion of other category beneficiaries as per table was found as Hatkanangale (1177), Kagal (1152) and Gadhinglaj (1109) tahsils and the minimum proportion was in Gaganbavada (109) and Ajra (619) tahsils. Thus, it was observed that the high percentage of beneficiaries was in Hatkanangale (12.49%), Kagal (12.23%) tahsils and low percentage of beneficiaries was in Gaganbavada (1.16 %), Ajra (6.57%) and Radhanagari (6.98%) tahsils. The table no 4.3 shows IRDP beneficiaries tahsil wise distribution during the year 1996-97. Total female beneficiaries were 3607. However, maximum number of beneficiaries was seen in Kagal (498) and Shirol (408) tahsils. The SC / ST beneficiaries growth was noted in Shirol (317), and Karveer (346) tahsils and the low proportion 86

was found in Gaganbavada (57) and Radhanagari (142) tahsits. District total of the number of SC / ST beneficiaries in 1996-97 was 2266. However, in other beneficiaries low number was found in Bhudargad (0) Radhanagari (5) and Chandgad (20) and high number of beneficiaries was found in Karveer tahsil (439).The total number of beneficiaries in the year was 1720. Thus, the percentage of beneficiaries was higher in Karveer tahsil (14.60) and lower in Ajra tahsil (5.25). In the table no 4.4, despite IRDP beneficiaries tahsil wise distribution in the year 1998-99, the total number of beneficiaries was 4228 in which maximum numbers of female beneficiaries was seen in Hatkanangale (527) and Karveer (513) tahsils. A minimum number of beneficiary was seen in Gaganbavada tahsil (113). Total number of female beneficiaries in the year 1998-99 was 4228. Number of SC/ST beneficiaries was high in Shirol tahsil (444) and low in Gaganbavada tahsil (56).There were total 3368 SC/ST beneficiaries in the district. Moreover, other beneficiaries were 1049 in which maximum beneficiaries were in Hatkanangale tahsil (452). The figures for Bhudargad, Gadhinglaj, Gaganbavada and Shirol tahsils were not available for other categories of beneficiaries. However, in the total 8645 beneficiaries, the higher numbers of beneficiaries were in Hatkanangale (1280), and Karveer (1267) tahsils and lower number of beneficiaries was seen in Gaganbavada tahsil (169). Thus, the above three tables show that the number of female beneficiaries was higher than SC/ST beneficiaries. Indicating that was positive approach for women of the rural area. In the year 1998-99 87

SC/ST beneficiaries number was increased and other beneficiaries proportion deceased because the government highly concentrated on the development of economy of the backward classes. TABLE 4.5 Kolhapur District Tahsil-wise expenditure in IRDP (Rs. in lakh) Sr. Tahsil 1992-93 1996-97 1998-99 No. Expen- Diture % Expenditure Expen -diture % Expenditure Expen -diture % Expenditure 1 Ajra 13.36 4.95 14.37 3.98 18.55 3.48 2 Bhudargad 14.56 5.40 24.06 6.67 20.54 3.86 3 Chandgad 17.99 6.68 23.13 6.41 23.98 4.50 4 Gadhinglaj 24.45 9.07 35.07 9.72 23.50 4.40 5 Gaganbavada 1.80 0.67 8.87 2.46 5.84 1.09 6 Hatkanangale 30.97 11.49 22.79 6.32 52.86 9.91 7 Kagal 26.29 9.76 29.01 8.04 34.56 6.48 8 Karveer 16.55 6.14 48.01 13.31 72.96 13.68 9 Panhala 17.55 6.51 25.81 7.15 32.67 6.13 10 Radhanagari 14.67 5.44 16.24 4.50 39.21 7.35 11 Shahuwadi 14.15 5.25 20.50 5.68 32.11 6.03 12 Shirol 23.53 8.73 36.93 10.23 33.29 6.24 13 Infrastructure and 53.54 19.87 55.89 15.49 143.21 26.85 Administration Total 269.4 99.96 360.68 99.96 533.28 100 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual reports 1992-93, 96-97 & 98-99. 88

The table 4.5 shows tahsil-wise expenditure on IRDP in Kolhapur district during the years 1992-93, 1996-97 and 1998-99. In the year 1992-93 expenditure was high in Hatkanangale (Rs. 30.97 lakh) and Kagal (Rs.26.29 lakh) tahsils which was 11.49 and 9.76 percent of the total. In the district the medium expenditure was noted mainly in Chandgad (Rs.17.99 lakh) and Panhala (Rs.17.55 lakh) tahsils. The lowest expenditure was incurred in Gaganbavada tahsil, which was only (Rs.1.80 lakh), that was only 0.67 percent of the total expenditure. It was observed that the total expenditure of the year 1992-93 was Rs. 269.4 lakh. In the year, 1996-97 maximum expenditure was seen in Karveer tahsil (Rs. 48.01 lakh) which was 13.31 percent of district total. Whereas including infrastructural and administrative expenditure (Rs. 55.89 lakh), the district total expenditure was Rs. 360.68 lakh. However, in the year 1998-99 total expenditure was Rs.533.28 lakh, including Rs. 143.21-lakh for infrastructure and administration. The high expenditure was found in Karveer tahsil (Rs. 72.96 lakh) which was 13.31 percent of the total expenditure of the district, and lower expenditure in Gaganbavada tahsil (Rs. 5.84 lakh), which was only 2.46 percent of the total expenditure of the district. Thus, Gaganbavada tahsil was found lagging behind in the implementation of the Rural Development Programmes, because despite the tahsil was rich in natural resources, low population, lower literacy rate and political factors were responsible for the backwardness. All these factors are responsible to low expenditure of IRDP expenditure. The 89

higher expenditure was in Hatkanangale, Kagal, Karveer and Shirol tahsils being comparatively developed areas, positive approach of political leaders and higher literacy rates. All these factors are responsible for higher expenditure on IRDP in these tahsils resulting into successful implementation of the Programmes. 4.2. B TRAINING OF RURAL YOUTH FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT (TRYSEM) The Government of India launched the scheme Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) on August 15, 1979. TRYSEM is a facilitating component of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP). TRYSEM was implemented in Kolhapur district in the year 1980-81. The objective of TRYSEM is to provide technical and marginal skills to the rural youth in the age group of 18-35 years. The families living below the poverty line were provided self-employment viz. agriculture, industries, service and business facilities. Any educational qualifications are not required for the selection of trainees. Selection is based on the following criteria and attempts to select the members of the poorest families. At least 40 percent women, 50 percent SC/ST and 3 percent physically handicapped were selected under TRYSEM for the training. Under the TRYSEM programme the fallowing types of training were given. 90

a. Veterinary Supervisor b. Two/ Three Wheeler Repairing c. Tractor Repairing e. Tailoring g. Electric Motor d. Spray Painting f. Wireman h. Welding Rewinding i. Radio / TV. Repair k. Turner/Fitter m. Watch Repair o. Shoemaking q. Photography s. Sweater Knitting u. Pottery Work w. Bore well Pump Repair j. Pump Repair/ Plumbing I. Typewriting n. Hair Cutting Training p. Gardening r. Printing / Binding t. Carpenter Training v. Wooden Toys x. Bicycle Repair y. Rug Making 91

TABLE 4.6 Achievement of TRYSEM in Kolhapur District Year 1980 to 2003 Sr. No. Years During the Year Beneficiaries Total Started business Started services 1 1980-81 113 113 2 1981-82 349 462 -- 3 1982-83 233 695 4 1983-84 374 1069.. 5 1984-85 396 1465 271 130 6 1985-86 504 1969 273 31 7 1986-87 369 2338 172 39 8 1987-88 479 2817 267 36 9 1988-89 463 3280 94 1 10 1989-90 499 3779 167 52 11 1990-91 966 4745 155 141 12 1991-92 894 5639 211 199 13 1992-93 1203 6842 364 115 14 1993-94 1183 8025 785 72 15 1994-95 264 8289 154 79 16 1995-96 602 8891 19 4 17 1996-97 1354 10245 306 191 18 1997-98 72 10317 12 27 19 1998-99 845 11162 26 19 20 1999-00 120 11282 -- -- 21 2000-01 11282 -- -- 22 2001-02 11282 -- 23 2002-03 72 11354 -- Total 11354 11354 3276 1136 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual reports 1998-99, 2003 92

DIAGRAM 4.3 Achievement of TRYSEM in Kolhapur District Year 1980 to 2003 1600 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 8 0-8 1 9 8 1-8 2 9 8 2-8 3 9 8 3-8 4 9 8 4-8 5 9 8 5-8 6 9 8 6-8 7 9 8 7-8 8 9 8 8-8 9 9 8 9-9 0 9 9 0-9 1 9 9 1-9 2 9 9 2-9 3 9 9 3-9 4 9 9 4-9 5 9 9 5-9 6 9 9 6-9 7 9 9 7-9 8 9 9 8-9 9 9 9 9-0 0 2 0 0 0-0 1 2 0 0 1-0 2 2 0 0 2-0 3 No. of Beneficiries years

The table 4.6 reveals the achievement of TRYSEM in Kolhapur District from the year 1980 to 2003. It shows the number of beneficiaries i.e. at the period of inception the number of beneficiaries was 1136. At the end of the last decade, the number of beneficiaries was 499. Thus, the total number of beneficiaries was 1203 during the years 1992-93. In the year 1996-97, it was 1354. Thus, the table shows a remarkable and consistent growth in the number of beneficiaries under TRYSEM Programme. However, in the year 1999 the government at the centre was changed. The government stopped the programme. However, the government of Maharashtra restarted the programme. In the year 2000-01 and 2001-02, the state government was not provided with the funds. There was no implementation of the programme in the districts. During the 2002-03, the government was provided with funds and the programme was restarted in the districts. Thus, it was observed during the last 23 years the total number of beneficiaries was 11354 out of that 3276 i.e. 21 percent of the beneficiaries started business and the 1136 Ten percent of the beneficiaries got services. This result is reality good, and shows the success of the programme. 4.2. c SUPPLY OF IMPROVED TOOLKITS OF RURAL ARTISANS (SITRA) SITRA programme was started in the year 1993-94 in Kolhapur district under the financial assistance from the central government. 94

4.2. B (i) OBJECTIVES OF SITRA The main aim of this programme was to provide modern instruments to artisans in rural areas viz. for Mason work, Carpenter work, Barber work and sculpture work etc. a. Each artisan family will be provided with 2000 rupees for purchasing instruments. b. To provide 90 percent subsidy to the beneficiaries with 10 percent Investment from beneficiaries. TABLE 4.7 Kolhapur District SITRA achievement (1994 to 1999). Sr. Year Expenditure Expenditure No (lakh Rs.) % 1 1994-95 23.40 17.02 2 1995-96 29.32 21.33 3 1996-97 32.57 23.69 4 1997-98 22.72 16.53 5 1998-99 29.43 21.41 Total 137.44 100 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual reports 1998-99. Table 4.7 presents achievement of the programme of SITRA in Kolhapur district form the year 1994 to 1999. The programme was implemented in the district in year the 1994-95. During the year of inception Rs. 23.40 -lakh expenditure was incurred and at the end of the year 1998-99, it was Rs.29.43 lakh. However, the higher expenditure was 95

recorded in the year 1996-97 was which was Rs. 32.57 lakh. It was 23.69 percent of the total expenditure. Nevertheless, total expenditure in five years was 137.44 lakh rupees. TABLE 4.8 Kolhapur District SiTRA occupation wise beneficiaries (1994 to 1999) Sr. No Name of works Number of beneficiaries (Persons) 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1 Mason 218 178 5 270 330 2 Carpenter 326 453 582 225 275 3 Potter 96 145 166 200 244 4 Blacksmith 177 321 337 5 Leather 213 306 400 206 6 Barber 177 213 316 220 273 7 Other 93 Total 1300 1616 2250 915 1328 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual reports 1994-95 to 1998-99 The table 4.8 reveals the occupation wise number of beneficiaries distribution under SITRA in Kolhapur district form the year 1994 to 1999. In the year of introduction i.e. 1994-95, total beneficiaries number was 1300. However, the higher number of beneficiaries was observed in Carpenter (326) Mason (218) leather (213) works. The year 1995-96 observed maximum number of beneficiaries in the Carpenter (453), potter work and minimum number of 96

beneficiaries in mason work (178). The total number of beneficiaries in the year was 1616. During the year no other types of beneficiaries were found. In 1996-97 total beneficiaries were 2250, thus only five beneficiaries were observed under the mason work and 582 under carpenter works. In the year, 1997-98 beneficiaries were found for four occupations viz. mason work (270), carpenter work (225) Potter (200) and barber (220). The total beneficiaries were 915. In the year 1998-99 beneficiaries from five occupations are indicated in the table, which include mason work (330), carpenter work (275), Blacksmith (244), leatherwork (206) and barber (273). Thus, during the period of 1994-95 to 1996-97 consistent growth in the number of beneficiaries under SITRA is observed but in the year 1997-98 there is a sharp decline (915) with a rising trend during 1998-99(1328). 97

DIAGRAM 4.4 Kolhapur District SITRA year-wise expenditure (1994 to 1999) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1994-95 CD r-- oo 05 05 05 05 05 in CD N- 00 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 T «Years Expenditure (lakh Rs.)

DIAGRAM 4.5 Kolhapur District SITRA occupation wise beneficiaries year 1994-1999 700 No. of Beneficiries 600 500 400 300 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 Mason Carpenter Potter Blacksmith Leather Barber Other years

4.2. D DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS (DWCRA) DWCRA Programme was launched in Kolhapur District in the year 1994. DWCRA was a co-related programme to IRDP. However, the programme s main objective was participation of rural women in rural development programme, to change their social and economic condition and help them for child development. The DWCRA programme helped women to make a Bachat Gat (saving group). This group included 10 to 15 women. Every group was provided with Rs. 15000 as subsidy for the purpose of business and to start the production. Then second instalment of Rs. 10,000, was provided to them. The training facilities were also provided to them with the co-operation of TRYSEM Programme. In the year 1995-96 DWCRA started new subsidy for Saving Groups. Under the scheme of Child Development a subsidy of Rs. 1500 was given. The advantage was only for child below the age of 6 years, for each woman. The table 4.9 shows the DWCRA achievement in Kolhapur district for the period of five years from year 1994 to 1999. The programme was introduced in the district during the year 1994. During the year of inception, the expenditure was observed to be Rs. 15.20 lakh. The next year expenditure was Rs. 25.20 lakh. The table shows that from the year 1995 to 1998 same amount of expenditure is found which is constant. However, in the year 1998-99 high expenditure was incurred 100

which was Rs. 48.25 lakh. Thus, for the five years total expenditure incurred was Rs. 139.05 lakh, which was a remarkable amount. TABLE 4.9 Kolhapur District DWCRA achievement (1994 to 1999) Sr. No Year Expenditure (lakh Rs.) 1 1994-95 15.20 2 1995-96 25.20 3 1996-97 25.20 4 1997-98 25.20 5 1998-99 48.25 Total 139.05 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1998-99 The table 4.10 shows the tahsil wise distribution of DWCRA Bachat-Gats i. e. Saving Groups in Kolhapur district for the year 1994 to 1999. The programme was introduced in the district in the year 1994. During the year of inception, the number of Bachat-Groups was 100. The maximum number of Bachat-Gats was found in Karveer (15) and Hatkanangale (14). The numbers of Bachat-Gats were nearly the same from the year 1994-95, 1995-96 and 1997-98. However, in the year 1996-97 it was only 75 and during 1998-99 the number increased to 193. In all there were 571 saving groups in the district at the end of 1998-99. 101

Nevertheless, the year 1998-99 was highly progressive with progress in the number of Bachat-Groups. These results of the programme are excellent. Thus growth was found in the year 1998-99 because the efforts of the authorities and increasing female participation in Rural Development Programmes. TABLE 4.10 Kolhapur District DWCRA, Tahsil wise Bachat Gats i.e. saving Groups (1994 to 99) Sr. Tahsil Number of Bachat Gats NO. 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1 Ajra 7 7 6 8 18 2 Bhudargad 4 8 8 9 16 3 Chandgad 7 5 4 8 20 4 Gadhinglaj 9 10 9 11 21 5 Gaganbavada 2 2 2 2 8 6 Hatkanangale 14 11 11 10 10 7 Kagal 12 13 10 11 7 8 Karveer 15 9 5 10 29 9 Panhala 9 9 5 6 11 10 Radhanagari 7 8 3 8 13 11 Shahuwadi 5 6 4 10 20 12 Shirol 9 12 8 10 20 District Total 100 100 75 103 193 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1998-99 102

DIAGRAM 4.6 Kolhapur District DWCRA achievement (1994 to 1999) Expenditure (lakh Rs.) 50 45-40 35 30-25 20 15-10 5-0- to CO h- 00 CD CD CD CD CD CD CO CO 1^- CO CD CD CD (D CD CD O) <D CD CD T T T Years Expenditure (lakh Rs.)

DIAGRAM 4.7 Kolhapur District DWCRA Tahsil-wise Bachat Gats 35-30 - Ajra Bhudargad Chandgad Gadhinglaj Gaganbavada Hatkanangale Bachat Gats (Number) Tashil Kagal Karveer Panhala Radhanagari Shahuwadi 1994-95 ----- 1995-96 1996-97 ----- 1997-98 ----- 1998-99

4.3 JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANA The Prime-Minister Rajeev Gandhi started Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) in April 1, 1989. The JRY was a combination of two programmes, the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) and the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP). It was decided to implement the JRY as a centrally sponsored scheme on a cost-sharing basis between the centre and state governments and the ratio of sharing was 80:20. The Main aim of JRY was to provide gain full employment for the unemployed and under employed persons, both men and women, in rural areas. 4.3. a TARGET GROUP The target group consists of people below the poverty line. Preference is given to SCs and STs as well as freed bonded labourers for employment under JRY. In all, 30 percent of labourers for employment under the JRY are reserved for the women. While works can be taken up, for execution during any part of the year whenever the need for generating employment is felt, but they may continue even afterwards during busy agricultural period also. 4.3. b OBJECTIVES OF JRY Primary objective was the generation of gainful employment for the unemployed and under-employed males and females in rural area. Secondary objectives- JRY are given below. 105

I. Creation of sustained employment by strengthening the rural infrastructure. II. Creating assets in favour of the poor for their direct and Continuing benefits. III. To produce positive impact on wage levels and to bring about over-all improvement in quality of life in rural areas. 4.3 c WORKS UNDER JRY I. Social Forestry works on government and community lands belonging to Panchayats etc, road-side plantations, plantations along canal banks or on wastelands etc. II. Soil and water conservation works. III. Minor irrigation works, such as construction of community irrigation wells, drains and field channels. IV. Construction of village tanks for providing irrigation as well as drinking water. V. Construction of community sanitary latrines. VI. Construction of houses for SC/ST and freed bonded labourers. VII. Construction of rural roads VIII. Land development and reclamation of wastelands. IX. Construction of community centres Gram Panchayats Offices, School buildings etc. 106

DIAGRAM 4.8 Kolhapur District JRY Achievement (1992 to 1999) 500 450 400 Expenditure (lakh Rs.) 350 300 250 200 150 100 Man-days (lakh) 50 0 Years

TABLE 4.11 Kolhapur District JRY achievement (1992 to 1999) Sr. Year Expenditure Expenditure Man-days Man-days No. (lakh Rs.) % lakh % 1 1992-93 419.22 14.99 18.12 23.99 2 1993-94 409.01 14.63 10.38 13.74 3 1994-95 451.03 16.13 11.26 14.91 4 1995-96 405.35 14.49 10.01 13.25 5 1996-97 307.99 11.02 8.65 11.45 6 1997-98 370.99 13.27 9.80 12.97 7 1998-99 434.09 15.53 7.32 9.69 Total 2795.68 100 75.54 100 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1998-99 The table 4.11 presents the achievement of JRY in Kolhapur district for the year 1992 to 1999. During the year 1992-93, the expenditure was Rs 419.22 lakh and work of 18.12 lakh man-days was provided to the workers. The next year 1993-94 the expenditure was Rs 409.01 lakh and 10.38 lakh man-days works were provided to workers. However, maximum expenditure incurred in the year 1994-95, was Rs 451.03 lakh. During the year 1994-1995 percentage expenditure was 16.13 percent. Moreover, during the year 11.26 lakh man-days work was provided to workers. Nevertheless, during the year s 1996-97 minimum expenditure was Rs.307.99 lakh and the number of man-days work created was Rs. 8.65 lakh. 108

Thus, in the years, 1992-1999 total expenditure was observed to be Rs. 2795.68 lakh and total man-days works created was 75.54 lakh days. The table also reveals that there was a constant decrease in the number of man-days work created during the period of seven years. It was mainly due to the interference of new BJP Government, which restructured the Scheme. 4.3. A INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA (IAY) The objective of Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) is to provide, free of cost houses to SCs, STs and freed bonded labourers living below the poverty line. The beneficiaries were provided Rs.8000 subsidy for normal areas and Rs.9800 subsidy was provided in hilly and black soil areas in the year 1992. Another Rs. 4,700 lakh subsidy was provided to beneficiaries for the purpose of sanitation and water supply. In the year 1996-97, IAY was separated from JRY and the government provided separate funds for the scheme. However, for each house a subsidy of Rs. 30,000 was provided. The BJP government restarted IAY on April 1, 1999. The subsidy was provided to both old and new type houses. 109

DIAGRAM 4.9 Kolhapur District IAY achievement (1992 to 2003) 500 450 400 r r\ r\ r\ 350 300 r\ 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jd 00 05 05 LO 05 CO 05 r- 05 00 05 CNJ CO LO CO 1^- 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 YEARS Expenditure lakh (rupees) Man-days lakh IM 1998-99

Sr. No TABLE 4.12 Kolhapur District IAY achievement (1992 to 2003) Years Expenditure Houses (Lakh Rs.) During the year Percentage During the year Number During the year Percentage to total 1 1992-93 39.43 1.07 370 2.90 2 1993-94 55.31 1.48 395 3.09 3 1994-95 77.77 2.09 510 4.00 4 1995-96 87.21 2.35 530 4.15 5 1996-97 469.99 12.66 1501 11.77 6 1997-98 461.25 12.41 948 7.43 7 1998-99 574.06 15.44 1195 9.37 8 1999-00 371.41 9.99 1789 14.03 9 2000-01 387.12 10.41 1089 8.54 10 2001-02 292.12 7.86 1468 14.68 11 2002.03 900.56 24.24 2949 23.14 Total 3716.14 100 2744 100 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2002-03 The table no 4.12 shows the achievement of Indira Awaas Yojana form the year 1992 to 2003. In the year of inception, 1992-93 total expenditure of the programme was Rs. 39.43 lakh, and 370 houses were built under the programme. In the year 1995-96 the expenditure Rs. 87.21 lakh and the number of houses were 530. At the end of year 1996 the Indira Awaas Yojana was started under the programme Jawahar

Rozgar Yojana but in the year 1996 the scheme was separate form JRY. Government has provided the funds for IAY separately. Under the scheme, the expenditure in the year 1996-97 was Rs. 469.99 lakh and the numbers of houses constructed were 1501. At the end of year 1999-2000 the expenditure incurred was Rs. 371.41 lakh and the houses constructed were 1789. The highest expenditure was incurred in year 2002-2003, which was Rs.900.56 lakh and 2949 houses were constructed during that year. The percentage of expenditure to total was Rs. 24.24 percent. During the year 1992 to 2003, total expenditure was Rs. 3716.14 lakh and total numbers of houses constructed were 2744. The table shows remarkable achievement through Indira Awaas Yojana, which provided housing for 2744 families. 4.3 B MILLION WELL SCHEME (MWS) In India MWS programme was started in the year 1988 and it was converted in JRY in April 1989. The objective of the MWS was to create employment and provide funds for construction of irrigation sources and land development, free of cost. The funds were used only for the open wells, provided the wells were cost-effective. The construction of bore weils or tube wells was taken up under this scheme where open wells were not feasible due to geological factors. The funds earmarked under this scheme only were utilized for other schemes of minor irrigation. Like irrigation tanks and water-harvesting structures as well as the development of lands of SCs, STs, and freed bonded labourers, including ceiling surplus lands allotted to them. Funds used for this purpose were 112

diverted for other schemes or for categories other than the target groups. The MWS was separated from JRY in the year 1996-97. TABLE 4.13 Kolhapur District MWS achievement (1992 to 99) Year Expenditure Man-days No. of Wells (lakh Rs.) (lakh) Total Complete Incomplete 1992-93 87.58 4.70 143 68 75 1993-94 140.40 5.15 278 149 129 1994-95 135.97 4.17 392 15 377 1995-96 142.02 4.13 481 211 270 1996-97 150.17 5.17 620 80 540 1997-98 135.71 3.06 704 192 512 1998-99 112.50 3.0 768 220 548 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1998-99 The table 4.13 shows the achievement of MWS in Kolhapur district for the year 1992 to 1999. During the year 1992-93, the expenditure was Rs. 87.58 and work of 4.70 iakh man-days was provided to the workers. However, work for total 143 wells started during the year, out of which 68 wells are complete and 75 wells are incomplete. The incomplete works are takes up next year. During the next year 1993-94 the expenditure of Rs. 140.40 lakh was incurred and 5.15 lakh days works was provided to the workers. 113

The work for total 278 wells was started during the year, 149 wells are complete and 129 wells are incomplete. The, maximum expenditure incurred in the year 1996-97 was Rs. 150.17 lakh. However, maximum numbers of completed works are 220, which are recorded during 1998-99. The MWS scheme was converted in to SGSY but the incomplete works were completed under the same MWS and were continued up to march 2002.

DIAGRAM 4.10 Kolhapur District MWS achievements (1992 to 99) 1000 CO O' lo CO r-~ CO 05 05 05 05 cp 05 C\J CO O' io CO N- 05 05 05 05 05 05 O) 05 05 05 05 05 T T T T T T 1998-99 Expenditure lakh (rupees) Mandays Lakh Total Wells

4.4 WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAMME (WCP) The Maharashtra government started the Water Conservation Programme in Kolhapur district in the year 1992-93. The target was reconstructing ground water level. The total geographical area of the district is 6.76 lakh hectare. Some 16 percent area is cultivated area and 84 percent dry area. The average rainfall in the district is 1600 to 1800 mm but rainfall distribution is unequal. The WCP was first started for 344 villages in the year 1992 and February 1994. Other 79 villages are included in this programme. TABLE 4.14 Kolhapur District WCP achievement (1992 to 1997) Sr. Year Soil Conservation Dept. Forest Dept. No. No of Expenditure No of Expenditure Works (lakh Rs.) Works (lakh Rs.) 1 1992-93 1373 411.94 122 58.65 2 1993-94 3193 954.00 126 118.80 3 1994-95 3193 954.00 75 127.29 4 1995-96 3193 954.01 32 103.85 5 1996-97 3193 954.00 18 71.52 Total 14145 4227.95 373 480.11 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1996-97 116

TABLE 4.15 Kolhapur District WCP achievement (1992 to 1997) Sr. Year Social-forestry Dept. Water Conservation No. No of Expenditure No of Expenditure Works (lakh Rs.) Works (lakh Rs.) 1 1992-93 7 2.04 128 73.54 2 1993-94 21 8.51 129 139.51 3 1994-95 21 8.51 120 155.57 4 1995-96 25 8.52 113 165.15 5 1996-97 17 8.52 109 137.73 Total 91 36.10 599 671.58 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1996-97 TABLE 4.16 Kolhapur District WCP achievement (1992 to 1997) Sr. Year Total Total No. Works Expenditure (lakh Rs.) 1 1992-93 1630 546.17 2 1993-94 3469 1220.82 3 1994-95 3409 1245.37 4 1995-96 3363 1171.78 5 1996-97 3337 1163.25 Total 15208 5347.39 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 1996-97 117

The tables no 4.14, 4.15 and 4.16 reveal the achievement of water conservation programmes in Kolhapur district from the year 1992 to 1997. It indicates number of works and expenditure incurred. However, the programme is implemented by four departments i.e. Soil Conservation Department, Forest Department, Social-forestry Department and Groundwater Department. Nevertheless, in the starting year, the higher expenditure in the Soil Conservation Department was Rs. 411.94 lakh, the numbers of works undertaken were 373, the lower expenditure was Rs. 2.04 lakh, and the numbers of works taken up were seven through Social-Forestry Department. Higher growth in expenditure was noted on Soil Conservation Department being Rs.4227.95 lakh and the numbers of works were 14145. Thus, the total expenditure on the programme was Rs. 5347.39 lakh and the total number of works under taken was 15208. 4.5 EMPLOYMENT ASSURANCE SCHEME (EAS) The government started Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) (Ashwasit Rozgar Yojana) with effect from October 2, 1993 in rural areas. However, the EAS was launched in the year 1996-97 in Shirol tahsil of Kolhapur district. The main aim of EAS was to provide a 100-day employment, for the workers below poverty line, mainly of age group between 18 and 60 years. In the year 1997-98 this programme was launched all over district. The Assurance of hundred days was extended to all males and females over 18 years and below 60 years of age.

A maximum of two adults per family were to be provided employment under the scheme. 4.5 a WORKS UNDER EAS Following works were selected under EAS. i. Road Construction 20 Percent ii. Water Conservation 40 Percent iii. Small Irrigation Projects 20 Percent iv. Primary School * 20 Percent The EAS was restructured in the year April 1999. The government made a few changes in the previous schemes and started this new scheme. The EAS funding pattern is 75 percent by the state government and 25 percent by the central government. TABLE 4.17 Kolhapur District EAS achievement (1996 to 2002) Sr. No. Year Expenditure (lakh Rs.) 1 1996-97 21.02 2 1997-98 298.98 3 1998-99 252.68 4 1999-00 574.66 5 2001-02 148.09 Total 1295.43 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2001-02 119

DIAGRAM 4.11 Kolhapur District EAS expenditure (1996 to 2002) 600 500 Expenditure (lakh Rs.) 400 300 200 100 h- o> CD 05 05 oo O) CM o> 05 o O 4. CO 05 yi 05 05 05 O) 05 05 t O CM Years Expenditure (lakh Rs.)

The table no 4.17 presents the achievement of EAS in Kolhapur district from the year 1996 to 2002. It indicates year wise expenditure. During the introduction year of the programme, the expenditure was Rs. 21.02 lakh. During the next year expenditure was Rs. 298.98 lakh. The table shows high expenditure in the year 1999-2000, being Rs. 574.66 lakh. Thus, the total expenditure was Rs.1295.43 lakh during the period of five years. 4.6 SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY) SGSY was launched in the district in April 1, 1999. Following Programmes were included in SGSY. I. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) II. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) III. IV. Training Rural Youth for Self- Employment (TRYSEM) Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans (SITRA) V. Million Wells Scheme (MWS) VI. Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY) The funding pattern of SGSY was 75 percent by central and 25-percent by state government. 4.6. a IMPLEMENTATION OF SGSY SGSY was introduced to increase the income of below poverty line families. However, the programme mainly gave benefit to selfhelp groups. Each group included 10 to 20 persons, known as Swarozgari. It provided the training and guideline for business for each 121

Swarozgari self-help groups, and provided them lone and subsidy facilities. 4.6. b. IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE The implementation of SGSY of structure of SGSY is given below. District ------- Zilla Parishad Tahsil ------- Panchayat Samiti Village ------- Gram Panchayat The three-tier structure helped the successful implementation of the programme. 4.6. c. SGSY LOAN AND SUBSIDY The SGSY subsidies are provided at two stages. First stage is each Self-help group has to start the compulsorily the Bachat Gat within six months. After that, the groups are provided with Rs. 15000 bank lone and Rs. 10000 as subsidies. At the second stage, the groups are given the subsidy. Table number 4.18 snows the subsidy pattern under SGSY. 122

TABLE 4.18 Kolhapur District SGSY Subsidy Pattern Sr. Swarozgaries Percentage to Subsidy No. Categories total cast of Rs. the project 1 Normal Swarozgaries 2 SC/ST Swarozgaries 3 Self- help groups 4 Irrigation Project 30 Percent 7500 50 Percent 10000 50 Percent 125000 50 Percent No Fixed ceiling Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2003 By taking in to consideration the physical conditions and infrastructure facilities in Kolhapur district following projects are implemented in the district. 1. Dairy Occupations. 2. Purchase of Bullocks and Bullock-carts. 3. Goat Husbandry. 4. Manufacturing of construction bricks. 5. General Provision Stores. Above projects are carried out under the supervision of bank and government officers. 123

TABLE 4.19 Kolhapur District SGSY achievement {1999 to 2003) Sr. Year Expenditure Self-Help No. (lakh Rs.) Group 1 1999-00 652.84 492 2 2000-01 324.61 610 3 2001-02 188.09 283 4 2002-03 166.17 210 Total 1331.71 1595 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2003 The table no 4.19 presents the achievement of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana in Kolhapur from the year of inception i.e. 1999 to 2003. It indicates expenditure and self-help groups within four years from the year 1999 to 2003. However, the programme was implemented in the district in the year 1999. During this year, expenditure on the programme was Rs. 652.84 lakh. Nevertheless, 492 self-help groups were made with high expenditure. Lower expenditure was incurred in the year 2002-2003, which was 166.17 lakh rupees, and the number of self-help groups was 210. Thus, during the period of four years, total expenditure incurred was Rs. 1331.71 lakh, and the total number of self-help groups was found to be 1595. It indicates consistent growth and success of the scheme. 124

DIAGRAM 4.12 Kolhapur District SGSY achievement (1999 to 2003) 700- Expenditure lakh (Rs.) 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Years Expenditure lakh(rs.) a Self- Help Groups

4.7 JAWAHAR GRAM SAMRUDDHIYOJANA (JGSY) Jawahar Gram Samruddhi Yojana was launched in Kolhapur district in the year 1999. The programme was started on by changing the name of JRY. The main aim of JGSY is to create rural infrastructure at the village level. Direct releases of funds were made to the Gram Panchayats by the District Rural Development Agencies and Zilla Parishad: Gram Panchayat was the only authority for the preparation of action plan and its implementation with the approval of Gram-Sabha. Twenty-two and half percent of JGSY funds were earmarked for individual beneficiaries schemes for SCs/STs. Wages under JGSY were the minimum wages notified by the States. Gram Panchayats can suitably relax 60:40 wage; materials ratio for building up need based rural infrastructure. Fifteen percent of the funds were spent on maintenance of assets. Village level monitoring and a vigilance committee to supervise the works / schemes were undertaken. DRDA was responsible for overall guidance, co-ordination, supervision, monitoring and periodical reporting. JGSY was employed as centrally sponsored scheme on cost sharing basis between the central government and the State and the ratio is 75:25 percent. Table no 4.20 shows the achievement of Jawahar Gram Swarozgar Yojana in Kolhapur district from the year 1999 to 2002. During the first year the expenditure incurred was Rs. 423.59 lakh. However, during this year 6.87-lakh Man-days employment was provided from the various works. The table indicates daily average number of workers were 16307 in the year 1999-2000. Next year, in 2000-01, the expenditure was 126

Rs. 505.00 lakh and the programme was responsible for the creation of 5.90 lakh Man-days works. Thus, in the year 2001-2002 the total expenditure was Rs. 359.61-lakh and 3.60 lakh man-days works were provided to the workers and the daily average number of workers was 1625. Thus during a period of only three years a good deal of achievement is seen. TABLE 4.20 Kolhapur District JGSY achievement (1999 to 2002) Sr Years Expenditure Man days Daily average No (lakh Rs.) (lakh Rs.) Workers 1 1999-00 423.59 6.87 16307 2 2000-01 505.00 5.90 9461 3 2001-02 359.61 3.60 1625 Total 1288.2 16.37 27393 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2001-02. 127

DIAGRAM 4.13 JGSY achievement (1999 to 2003) Expenditure (lakh Rs.) Man days (lakh )

4.8 PRIME MINISTER GRAMIN AWAAS YOJANA (PMGAY) Prime-Minister Gramin Awaas Yojana was started in Kolhapur district in the year 1999-2000. The target was to help the people of annual income below Rs. 32000, for construction of houses and to provide lone and funds. Under the programme, 60 percent funds are provided to SC / ST people and 40 percent to people, belonging to other categories. TABLE 4.21 Kolhapur District PMGAY achievement (1999 to 2003) Sr. Year Total funds Expenditure Total No. (lakh Rs.) (lakh Rs.) Number of works 1 1999-00 6.64-2 2000-01 6.77 6.70 30 3 2001-02 2.61 2.60 22 4 2002-03 72.30 72.30 359 Total 88.32 81.6 411 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2002-03 The table no 4.21 indicates achievement of Prime- Minister Rural Awaas Yojana in Kolhapur district form 1999 to 2003. In the introduction year the funds available for the programme were Rs. 6.64 lakh, but during this year, the programme was not actually started. Next year in 2000-2001, total funds available were Rs.6.77 lakh. However, actual expenditure was Rs. 6.70 lakh and the number of works was 30. 129

DIAGRAM 4.14 PMGAY achievement (1999 to 2003) o o o o o o CM CM CM Years Expenditure (lakh Rs.) Total Number of works

In the year 2001-2002, the funds available were only Rs 2.61 lakh and the actual expenditure was Rs 2.60 lakh. However, in the year, 2002-2003 consistent growth was found in funds being Rs. 72.30 lakh, and the number of works undertaken was 359. 4.9 INTEGRATED WASTE LAND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, CHANDGAD TAHSIL. (IWLDP) The programme was implemented by the central government, and it was implemented in the villages of, Chandgad tahsil of Kolhapur district on 22 February 2000. The total geographical area of the tahsil is 12496 hectares. The programme was launched for the period of 5 years i.e. 1999 to 2004. TABLE 4.22 Chandgad Tahsil IWLDP achievement 2000-2003 Sr. Year Available funds Expenditure No. (lakh Rs.) (lakh Rs.) 1 1999-00 74.98 2 2000-01 77.53 57.66 3 2001-02 79.07 79.07 4 2002-03 124.48 63.48 Total 356.06 200.21 Source: Kolhapur District, DRDA annual report 2002-03 131

Expenditure (lakh Rs.) DIAGRAM 4.15 Kolhapur District IWLDP achievement (2000 to 2003)