Poland A. Definitions and sources of data Data on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland are reported by the National Bank of Poland (NBP), the Polish Agency for Foreign Investment (PAIZ) and the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Since 1989, farreaching market-oriented reforms have been established in the transformation of the economy. A large-scale liberalization and privatization programme, together with the introduction of a new currency in 1995, gained widespread support which led to increasing FDI inflows. Productivity gain, sound fiscal and monetary policies contributed to strong GDP growth since 1994. Despite the negative impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis, continued economic expansion of over 4 per cent was attained in both 1998 and 1999. Further liberalization efforts, including structural social reforms and lowering the taxation rate, were made. In pursuing a policy of regional and international integration and co-operation, among other things, Poland gained membership to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996. Amendments to legal acts and the adoption of investment policies in accordance to its international obligations and for EU membership, will further enhance the country as an attractive investment destination. The country will join the European Union in 2004. PAIZ was established in 1992. The role of PAIZ is to promote Poland s investment opportunities and to encourage foreign companies to choose Poland as their preferred investment location. The Agency is a joint stock company, wholly owned by the State Treasury. It acts as an intermediary, serving individual and corporate foreign investors. PAIZ offers foreign companies its know-how and helps them establish contacts with governmental bodies and the business community. Foreign investors are given national treatment. The principal act governing business activity in Poland the Business Activity Law of 19 November 1999 gives the Polish and foreign entrepreneurs equal rights in taking up and conducting business activities in Poland. Foreign entrepreneurs may, subject to the principle of reciprocity, take up and conduct business on the basis of the same principles applicable to entrepreneurs having permanent residency or a registered office in Poland, unless international agreements ratified by Poland provide otherwise. In case of the lack of the principle of reciprocity, foreign entrepreneurs may conduct a business activity only in the form of a limited partnership, limited liability company or a joint stock company. They can also join such partnerships or companies and held or purchase shares therein. A guarantee of unrestricted transfer of profits and of invested capital is provided. There is generally no restriction on foreign ownership, although some limitations may exist in certain activities. Most of the former screening mechanism for entry and establishment of business by foreign firms has been abolished. The terms attached to the privatization of some large state-owned entities, such as production or performance target, may be negotiated. The new Foreign Exchange Law (came into force on 1 October 2002) liberalized movement of capital. The new regulation introduces a distinction between non-residents from the EU countries and non-residents from the third countries, with the third countries limited not only to the countries other than the EU, but also to the countries other than the OECD and EEA (European Economic Area). Non-residents from the EU territory (as well as OECD and EEA) are treated as priority and currency turnover with them is subject to more lenient restrictions than the currency turnover with non-residents from the third countries. Foreign companies may acquire parcels of land not larger than 0.4 hectares in urban areas without the need of a permit. Presently, the VAT rate is set up to 22 per cent, whilst the corporate income tax is 28 per cent. Since January 2001, according to the Commercial Companies Code, two additional types of entities were introduced professional partnership and limited joint-stock partnership. A professional partnership may
not liable for the entity s obligations incurred by other partners in connection with the performance of their duty. On the other hand, a limited joint-stock partnership is a partnership where the owners may raise capital through the issuing of shares, but keep control on the Board of Directors and the corporate s management. Under the Law on the National Court Register, the Register court file is kept in the District Court of a voivodship and is open to anybody wishing to consult registered entities. The NBP and the Ministry of Finance are responsible for licensing and regulating banking activities. Under the 1997 Banking Act, investors from the OECD and European Union countries are authorized to establish branches, agencies and representative offices in the financial sector (banks, insurance companies and brokerage houses). Since January 1999, insurance companies that are located outside the country may also sell their policies directly in Poland. FDI data reported by the PAIZ are compiled according to the OECD benchmark definition of FDI. They reflect a foreign investor s share of at least 10 per cent in the equity capital of a company. Medium- and long-term loans granted by foreign investors to the companies established by them in the country, and reinvested earnings are considered as FDI. Any loss incurred by a company is not treated as negative reinvested earnings. The dollar equivalent of the invested amount is calculated by using the prevailing exchange rate at the time when the investment was made. Reported data are based on transactions totalling $1 million or more, of companies with foreign participation and are complemented by a survey with questionnaires sent out to entities. Inward stock data, by geographical origin and industrial-sector breakdown, are given. Data published by the NBP are based on information derived from the balance sheets of reporting companies. They include contributions in kind and payments on a cash basis effected through the banking system. Since 1996, any loss incurred by an entity is subtracted from the value of reinvested earnings. Inward and outward flow and stock data, by geographical and industrial-sector breakdown, are presented. Activities and financial data of affiliates of foreign transnational corporations (TNCs), presented by the GUS, pertain to companies with foreign ownership of over 50 per cent, except in banking and insurance. Information on the number of affiliates of foreign TNCs, assets, employment, sales, profits, exports, imports, and research and development expenditures, by industrial-sector breakdown and geographical origin, is compiled.
B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs
Table 1. Summary of FDI (Millions of dollars) Variable Inward Outward 1. FDI flows, 1997-2000 (annual average) 6 971.3 102.3 2. FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, 1997-2000 18.2 0.3 (annual average) 3. FDI stocks, 2000 34 227.0 1018.0 4. FDI stocks as a percentage of GDP, 2000 21.7 0.6 Sources : Based on tables 3 and 4; UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Table 2. Summary of international production (Number and millions of zloty) Variable Home-based TNCs Affiliates of foreign TNCs in Poland Foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad 1. Number, 2000.. 4 339.. 2. Assets, 2000.. 191 628.. 3. Employment, 2000.. 648 323.. 4. Sales, 2000.. 269 761.. 5. Profits, 2000.. 8 709.. 6. Exports, 2000.. 53 360.. 7. Imports, 2000.. 102 417.. 8. Research and development expenditures, 2000.. 209.. Source: Based on tables 17, 18b, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49 and 50.
Table 3a. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1991-2000 Inward investment (Millions of dollars) Intra- Intra- Reinvested company Reinvested company Year Equity earnings loans Total Equity earnings loans Total 1991 268.0 66.0 25.0 359.0 - - - - 1992 433.0 154.0 91.0 678.0 - - - - 1993 1 109.0 199.0 407.0 1 715.0 - - - - 1994 1 096.0 382.0 397.0 1 875.0 - - - 29.0 1995 2 105.0 888.0 666.0 3 659.0 - - - 42.0 1996 3 158.4 244.3 1 095.3 4 498.0 12.0 21.0 20.0 53.0 1997 3 116.0 25.0 1 767.2 4 908.2 24.0 3.0 24.0 45.0 1998 4 604.1 263.8 2 024.6 6 364.9 117.0 31.0 230.0 316.0 1999 6 466.6 453.2 1 256.2 7 269.6 99.9 40.2 28.4 31.3 2000 8 812.8 399.6 929.1 9 342.3 111.0-12.0-82.0 17.0 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department. Outward investment Notes : Since 1996, losses incurred by entities are taken into account in reinvested earnings. Contributions to equity investments are made in cash and in kind. Table 3b. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1976-2000 (Millions of dollars) Inward investment Outward investment Intra- Intra- Reinvested company Reinvested company Year Equity earnings loans Total Equity earnings loans Total 1976 6.0 - - 6.0 12.0 - - 12.0 1977 5.0 - - 5.0 17.0 - - 17.0 1978 25.0 - - 25.0 16.0 - - 16.0 1979 30.0 - - 30.0 13.0 - - 13.0 1980 10.0 - - 10.0 21.0 - - 21.0 1981 18.0 - - 18.0 3.0 - - 3.0 1982 14.0 - - 14.0 4.0 - - 4.0 1983 16.0 - - 16.0 1.0 - - 1.0 1984 28.0 - - 28.0 12.0 - - 12.0 1985 15.0 - - 15.0 1.0 - - 1.0 1986 16.0 - - 16.0 22.0 - - 22.0 1987 12.0 - - 12.0 8.0 - - 8.0 1988 15.0 - - 15.0 22.0 - - 22.0 1989 11.0 - - 11.0 18.0 - - 18.0 1990 69.0 20.0-89.0........ 1991 216.0 50.0 25.0 291.0 9.0 2.0-7.0 1992 433.0 154.0 91.0 678.0 10.0 3.0-13.0 1993 1 109.0 199.0 407.0 1 715.0 15.0 3.0-18.0 1994 1 096.0 382.0 397.0 1 875.0 19.0 10.0-29.0 1995 2 105.0 888.0 666.0 3 659.0 29.0 13.0-42.0 1996 3 159.0 244.0 1 095.0 4 498.0 12.0 21.0 20.0 53.0 1997 3 116.0 25.0 1 767.0 4 908.0 24.0 3.0 24.0 45.0 1998 4 604.0 264.0 2 025.0 6 365.0 117.0 31.0 230.0 316.0 1999 6 467.0 453.0 1 256.0 7 270.0 99.0 40.0 28.0 31.0 2000 8 813.0 400.0 929.0 9 342.0 110.0 12.0 81.0 17.0 Source : International Monetary Fund, September 2002 Balance of Payments CD ROM.
Table 4 : FDI stocks, by type of investment, 1994-2000 (Millions of dollars) Equity Inward investment Equity Outward investment and Intra- and Intrareinvested company reinvested company Year earnings loans Total earnings loans Total 1994 2 840.0 949.0 3 789.0 461.0-461.0 1995 6 130.0 1 713.0 7 843.0 539.0-539.0 1996 8 697.4 2 766.0 11 463.4 715.0 20.0 735.0 1997 10 125.3 4 461.9 14 587.2 635.0 43.0 678.0 1998 16 063.2 6 416.0 22 479.2 898.0 267.0 1 165.0 1999 18 985.9 7 089.0 26 074.9 812.3 211.8 1 024.1 2000 25 353.0 8 874.0 34 227.0 870.0 148.0 1 018.0 Sources: Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department. Note : No separate information is available for equity and reinvested earnings.
Table 5 : FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Sector/industry 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTAL 4 498.0 4 908.2 6 364.9 7 269.6 9 342.3 PRIMARY SECTOR 12.3 22.5 25.9 60.2 36.5 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 4.4 5.0 8.3 57.0 10.9 Mining, quarrying and petroleum 7.9 17.5 17.6 3.2 25.6 SECONDARY SECTOR 1 558.6 1 196.5 1 882.0 1 411.8 1 769.7 Food, beverages and tobacco 596.5 360.5 719.5 176.1 407.0 Textiles, leather and clothing 30.9 22.4 16.1 29.5 3.9 Wood, publishing and printing 9.7 221.6 155.1 253.9 282.9 Chemicals and chemical products 129.8 245.4 185.4 165.9 176.0 Rubber and plastics products 131.3 47.7 109.9 171.9 126.7 Non-metallic mineral products -4.3-1.2-0.4 0.2 13.0 Basics metal and metal products 54.4 103.2 6.7 193.2 93.2 Machinery and equipment 81.3 23.3 78.6 79.8 63.8 Office machinery and computers - 0.2-1.4-2.3 3.8 28.3 Radio, television and communication apparatus 47.2 55.1 55.1 25.0 84.9 Motor vehicles 341.7 193.2 465.6 279.9 279.8 Other transport equipment 8.2 1.4-18.2 29.3 19.9 Other manufacturing 388.9 217.2 405.8 341.3 506.0 TERTIARY SECTOR 1 572.5 1 630.5 2 138.6 5 452.9 7 220.4 Electricity, gas and water 4.8-1.7 28.1 44.0 349.9 Construction 48.2 19.7 88.5 0.8 156.5 Trade and repairs 611.7 432.8 782.1 833.5 748.6 Hotels and restaurants 2.6-14.2 5.6 27.0 83.8 Transport 17.3 24.7-3.0 44.3 236.6 Telecommunications 132.9 24.8 7.2 1 789.6 3 184.6 Finance 608.2 896.1 1 018.5 2 342.1 1 972.0 Monetary intermediation 502.2 721.1 727.5 2 193.7 1 129.7 Financial intermediation 66.4 120.1 145.0 24.3 521.6 Insurance and other activities 39.6 54.9 146.0 124.1 320.7 Real estate 50.1 44.9 27.4 144.3 283.8 Business activities 107.2 200.0 178.6 141.5 160.4 Other services - 10.5 3.4 5.6 85.8 44.2 Unspecified 1 354.6 2 058.7 2 318.4 344.7 315.7 Sources: Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 6 : FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Region/economy 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total world 4 498.0 4 908.2 6 364.9 7 269.6 9 342.3 Developed countries 4 108.8 4 587.3 5 973.8 7 108.7 9 534.9 Western Europe 3 597.4 3 872.6 5 114.4 6 668.5 9 162.2 European Union 3 508.8 3 726.0 5 028.1 6 521.2 8 827.8 Austria 109.9 150.9 161.1 273.5 272.3 Belgium and Luxembourg 104.8 69.1 254.9 66.6 290.5 Denmark 220.8 188.5 131.6 145.3 126.4 Finland 23.7 31.5 45.2 39.3 104.1 France 369.9 406.1 467.2 1 604.2 3 533.2 Germany 1 092.8 1 015.9 1 366.2 1 226.7 940.4 Greece - 9.1 - - 0.2-0.8-4.4 Ireland 98.7 75.8 71.0 109.3 41.0 Italy 125.3 33.3 27.8 1 134.2 364.8 Netherlands 1 138.1 1 484.8 2 040.1 1 205.7 1 967.6 Portugal 2.4 0.7 4.0 67.5 69.2 Spain 3.9-13.5-3.5 234.2 357.2 Sweden 95.6 86.0 255.7 207.1 595.4 United Kingdom 132.0 196.9 207.0 208.4 170.1 Other Western Europe 88.6 146.6 86.3 147.3 334.4 Iceland 2.2-0.1 0.2-1.0 0.4 Liechtenstein - 14.2 5.8 2.7 7.0 Norway - 9.8 43.8 24.8 15.5 3.8 Switzerland 96.2 88.7 55.5 130.1 323.2 North America 477.4 693.3 760.3 444.3 334.0 Canada 20.7-4.7 12.8 17.8 9.1 United States 456.7 698.0 747.5 426.5 324.9 Other developed countries 34.0 21.4 99.1-4.1 38.7 Australia 23.8 8.4 0.8 1.3-0.7 Israel 3.0 6.3-0.9-2.9 1.1 Japan 7.6 6.7 99.3-2.5 38.6 New Zealand - 0.4 - - 0.1 - - 0.3 Developing countries /economies 272.8 110.5 259.7 131.3-164.8 Africa 1.1 3.1-1.8-0.9-1.9 North Africa 0.7-0.2-0.2-0.6 - Egypt - - - 0.1-0.4 - Morocco 0.1-0.1 - - - Other Africa 0.4 3.3-1.6-0.3-1.9 Latin America and the Caribbean 4.4 9.5 1.1-11.1 3.7 South America 2.9 2.6 1.2 1.1 0.6 Argentina - 0.7 1.5-1.5 0.2 Brazil - - 0.1-0.3 1.7 1.4 Chile - 0.1 - - - Uruguay - - - 0.9-1.0 Other Latin America and the Caribean 1.5 6.9-0.1-12.2 3.1 Asia 267.3 97.9 260.4 143.3-166.6 West Asia 43.4 28.0 26.5 1.1 14.6 Turkey 8.9 27.9 24.8 1.0 16.3 South, East and South-East Asia 223.9 69.9 233.9 142.2-181.2 China - 0.4-2.2 0.2 1.4 4.7 Hong Kong China 2.6-2.9-7.1-1.2-0.5 India 1.3-1.4-0.6 0.3 0.4 Malaysia 17.5 1.4 2.3 0.4-11.7 Philippines 1.0 0.1 - - - Republic of Korea 201.7 89.4 165.3 151.5-196.3 Singapore - 0.7-0.2-0.1 1.1-0.6 Taiwan Province of China - 0.3-0.2-0.1 0.8-0.5 Thailand - - 0.1 0.1 - - Central and Eastern Europe 74.6 123.6 78.6 107.6 45.5 Belarus 0.2-0.2-0.4 0.1 0.4 Bulgaria - 0.4-0.7-0.5-0.6-0.2 Croatia 0.1 94.6 44.6 20.3 10.3 Czech Republic 15.5 16.0 7.8 1.5-2.3 Estonia - 0.3-0.5 0.2-0.3 Hungary 0.4 1.1 10.3-1.5-1.8 Lithuania 0.7-0.3-0.2-0.1-0.1 Romania - - - 0.2 0.1 Russian Federation 5.8-1.8-5.0-5.0-20.7 Serbia and Montenegro - - - 0.1 0.6 - Slovakia - 0.2 0.9 2.1 1.4 2.6 Slovenia - 0.1 3.1 4.1 0.5 3.2 Ukraine 1.0 1.5 0.9-1.2 3.3 Unspecified 41.8 86.8 52.8-78.0-73.3 Sources: Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 8 : FDI flows abroad, by industry, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Sector/industry 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTAL 53.0 45.0 316.0 31.3 17.0 PRIMARY SECTOR - - 16.0-2.2 1.3 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing - - - - 4.9 - Mining, quarrying and petroleum - - 16.0 2.7 1.3 SECONDARY SECTOR 7.0 9.0 70.0-3.5 11.5 Food, beverages and tobacco 3.0 1.0-0.4 0.2 Textiles, leather and clothing - - - 0.2 - Wood, publishing and printing - - - 0.6 1.3 Chemicals and chemical products - - - - 7.1 Basics metal and metal products 4.0 6.0 5.0-1.4 3.5 Machinery and equipment - - - 0.2 0.5 Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - 1.0 Motor vehicles - - 65.0-3.3 - Other transport equipment - 1.0-1.0-0.2 1.2 Other manufacturing - 1.0 1.0 - - 1.3 TERTIARY SECTOR 26.0 12.0-36.7 4.4 Electricity, gas and water - - - 6.0-9.3 - Construction 2.0 5.0-3.0-4.9 3.0 Trade and repairs 15.0 7.0-16.0-5.0 6.4 Hotels and restaurants - - 3.0-0.9 0.2 Transport 2.0-3.0 8.0 6.3 9.3 Telecommunications - - - 2.8 2.5 Finance 7.0 5.0 3.0 57.3-27.4 Monetary intermediation 7.0 4.0 1.0-11.2-72.4 Financial intermediation - - 2.0 3.6 10.2 Insurance and other activities - 1.0-64.9 34.8 Real estate - - - - 0.3 1.9 Business activities - 1.0 14.0-12.2 8.8 Other services - - - 1.1-0.3 Unspecified 20.0 24.0 230.0 0.3-0.2 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 9 : FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Region/economy 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total world 53.0 45.0 316.0 30.8 16.8 Developed countries 4.0 38.0 251.0 17.7-13.1 Western Europe 7.0 38.0 241.0 31.2-20.1 European Union 8.0 37.0 236.0-31.9-20.6 Austria 3.0-16.0-0.4 7.9 Belgium and Luxembourg 1.0 2.0 167.0-11.6-38.0 Denmark - - - 0.2-0.7 France - - 5.0-6.0-8.8 - Germany 3.0 33.0-2.0-8.7-2.6 Ireland - - 1.0 0.1-0.4 Italy - - - - 0.2 Netherlands - - 13.0-11.2 5.8 Portugal - - - - 0.1 Spain - 1.0-0.2 2.9 Sweden - - - - 0.6-0.5 United Kingdom 1.0 6.0 47.0 8.9 4.7 Other Western Europe - 1.0 1.0 5.0 63.1 0.5 Liechtenstein - 1.0 1.0 5.0-0.8 - Norway - - - - 0.3 0.1 Switzerland - - - 64.2 0.4 North America 2.0 5.0 5.0-12.2 1.7 Canada - - - - 0.2-1.1 United States 2.0 5.0 5.0-12.0 2.8 Other developed countries - 5.0-5.0 5.0-1.3 5.3 Australia - - - - 0.1-0.4 Israel - 5.0-5.0 5.0-0.9 6.1 Japan - - - - 0.3-0.3 New Zealand - - - - - 0.1 Developing countries /economies 6.0-5.0 21.0-1.3 22.9 Africa 1.0-17.0-2.4 7.8 North Africa - - - 0.3 - Egypt - - - 0.3 - Other Africa 1.0-17.0-2.7 7.8 Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - 0.7 6.5 Other Latin America and the Caribean - - - - 0.7 6.5 Mexico - - - - 0.2 - Asia 5.0-5.0 4.0 1.8 8.6 West Asia - - 37.0 7.7 4.0 Turkey - - 37.0 7.7 4.0 South, East and South-East Asia 5.0-5.0-33.0-5.9 4.6 China 1.0 1.0-0.3 0.3 Singapore 2.0 - - - 0.3 Thailand - - 1.0 - - - Central and Eastern Europe 13.0 6.0 17.0 5.8 9.4 Albania - 1.0-0.1 Belarus - - 1.0 0.7 0.7 Bulgaria - 1.0-0.1-0.1 Croatia - - - - 1.6 Czech Republic 2.0-1.0-2.6 8.1 Estonia - - - 0.1 - Hungary - - 2.0-0.8 1.2 Latvia - - - - - 0.1 Lithuania 2.0-2.0 3.3 0.5 Romania - - - 1.7 0.9 Russian Federation 3.0 1.0-8.0-1.1 - Serbia and Montenegro - - - 0.3 1.5 Slovakia - - - - 0.3-0.2 Ukraine 7.0 8.0 3.0 3.3-0.3 Unspecified 30.0 6.0 27.0 8.6-2.4 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 11a : FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, 1997-2001 (Millions of dollars) Sector/industry 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 PRIMARY SECTOR 31.2 35.9 98.4 73.1 127.4 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 15.0 24.1 30.1 44.8 40.4 Mining, quarrying and petroleum 16.2 11.8 68.3 28.3 87.0 SECONDARY SECTOR 11 042.0 15 912.1 17 318.4 19 462.9 21 881.7 Food, beverages and tobacco 3 276.9 4 460.7 4 617.4 4 961.9 5 505.7 Textiles, leather and clothing - 226.1 247.6 271.6 264.6 Wood and furniture - 634.6 612.2 633.5 1 769.9 Paper, publishing and printing 1 158.4 1 353.9 1 383.8 1 470.3 1 567.3 Chemicals and chemical products 1 087.4 1 272.4 1 304.2 1 285.1 1 304.6 Rubber and plastics products - 422.7 451.3 591.5 612.0 Non-metallic mineral products 971.4 1 958.5 2 091.9 2 785.7 3 060.0 Basics metal and metal products 375.3 354.2 399.8 403.4 447.7 Machinery and equipment - 584.8 536.1 317.1 271.7 Electrical machinery and apparatus 664.4 1 016.3 1 269.5 1 575.1 1 683.2 Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 2 510.5 3 627.9 4 404.6 5 167.7 5 395.0 Unspecified secondary 997.7 - - - - TERTIARY SECTOR 6 632.2 11 331.6 17 754.2 26 236.0 31 143.1 Electricity, gas and water 96.5 241.8 473.0 1 058.6 1 491.8 Construction 554.9 1 685.3 1 930.3 2 490.6 2 764.8 Trade and repairs 1 408.5 2 942.7 3 398.4 3 962.6 6 054.3 Hotels and restaurants 305.5 429.8 423.1 696.8 617.8 Transport, storage and communication 743.5 719.3 1 891.7 5 568.8 5 710.6 Finance 3 130.4 4 802.9 7 862.2 10 392.8 12 251.9 Real estate and business activities 38.3 112.0 190.2 451.4 627.8 Other services 354.6 397.8 1 585.3 1 614.4 1 624.1 TOTAL 17 705.4 27 279.6 35 171.0 45 772.0 53 152.2 Estimated FDI of less than $ 1 million 2 882.3 3 371.6 3 741.6 3 620.5 3 681.3 Overall total 20 587.7 30 651.2 38 912.6 49 392.5 56 833.5 Source : Polish Agency for Foreign Investment (PAIZ), Research Department, Warsaw (http://www.paiz.gov.pl). Notes : Data refer to investments of over $1 million, monitored by PAIZ. The corresponding values in 1994, 1995 and were respectively $4,320.8 million, $ 6,832.2 million and $ 12,027.7 million.
Table 11b : FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Sector/industry 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTAL 11 463.4 14 587.2 22 479.2 26 074.9 34 227.0 PRIMARY SECTOR 68.2 68.1 96.4 250.6 296.9 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 23.3 23.2 32.6 146.9 158.7 Mining, quarrying and petroleum 44.9 44.9 63.8 103.7 138.2 SECONDARY SECTOR 5 159.9 5 641.1 8 747.5 11 106.4 13 209.6 Food, beverages and tobacco 1 258.0 1 389.9 2 476.2 2 449.2 2 873.4 Textiles, leather and clothing 151.8 141.0 163.3 248.1 229.5 Wood, publishing and printing 528.1 594.0 788.9 1 206.8 1 501.1 Coke and petroleum products 3.8 3.8 3.3 6.4 21.3 Chemicals and chemical products 503.1 598.3 837.9 1 149.6 1 399.5 Rubber and plastics products 389.8 372.8 482.3 665.7 808.8 Basics metal and metal products 275.6 312.5 410.7 720.0 672.1 Machinery and equipment 192.4 164.5 259.1 377.0 450.0 Office machinery and computers 3.7 1.5 1.6 9.2 38.1 Radio, television and communication apparatus 102.2 139.1 200.4 301.9 364.8 Motor vehicles 801.4 835.8 1 561.3 1 767.2 2 070.8 Other transport equipment 25.8 24.6 1.5 97.7 114.3 Other manufacturing 924.2 1 063.3 1 561.0 2 107.6 2 665.9 TERTIARY SECTOR 3 459.0 4 418.8 7 220.6 14 707.1 20 720.4 Electricity, gas and water 6.7 3.8 31.3 138.9 407.8 Construction 178.0 181.6 323.3 714.9 2 274.4 Trade and repairs 1 334.5 1 704.2 2 767.0 4 707.7 5 720.1 Hotels and restaurants 42.7 34.7 54.9 132.5 173.5 Transport 107.8 110.5 116.8 205.2 410.7 Telecommunications 167.8 143.9 162.2 2 215.3 2 336.3 Finance 1 269.7 1 796.0 3 053.3 4 681.5 6 829.0 Monetary intermediation 923.9 1 418.5 2 335.7 3 647.5 4 825.2 Financial intermediation 278.7 306.9 496.9 692.5 1 257.4 Insurance and other activities 67.1 70.6 220.7 341.5 746.4 Real estate 59.8 91.8 152.5 558.0 1 057.3 Business activities 270.7 316.2 511.7 1 196.9 1 340.6 Computer activities 19.4 6.9 67.3 92.7 121.5 Research and development 0.4 1.1 2.3 1.3 4.4 Other business activities 250.9 308.2 442.1 1 102.9 1 214.7 Other services 21.3 36.1 47.6 156.2 170.7 Unspecified 2 776.3 4 459.2 6 414.7 10.8 0.1 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 12a : FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1997-2001 (Millions of dollars) Region/economy 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Developed countries 14 784.1 22 785.0 29 454.1 40 178.3 46 452.0 Western Europe 10 258.9 17 311.4 23 569.4 32 024.4 37 720.9 European Union 9 561.3 16 159.9 22 449.3 30 743.3 36 237.9 Austria 660.3 758.3 799.4 1 242.1 818.7 Belgium 115.2 156.8 289.8 587.5 1 162.1 Luxembourg 2.3 2.3 11.6 17.2 77.8 Denmark 306.8 558.4 541.4 741.2 915.0 Finland 137.9 191.2 214.0 256.0 424.1 France 1 616.4 2 398.9 3 854.7 7 901.0 10 220.8 Germany 2 104.9 5 117.3 6 077.3 5 903.7 7 138.3 Greece 3.6 3.6 1.5 501.5 501.5 Ireland 191.2 226.1 813.7 1 025.0 1 041.2 Italy 1 636.3 2 037.6 3 208.0 3 417.6 3 501.4 Netherlands 1 213.6 1 878.9 3 233.2 4 224.9 4 584.6 Portugal - 147.2 288.2 338.7 493.1 Spain 5.0 62.3 259.3 377.9 380.2 Sweden 565.8 691.5 789.2 2 027.9 2 312.1 United Kingdom 1 002.0 1 929.5 2 068.0 2 181.1 2 667.0 Other Western Europe 697.6 1 151.5 1 120.1 1 281.1 1 483.0 Liechtenstein 12.3 29.5 29.5 31.9 31.9 Norway 240.0 455.8 456.0 491.7 546.3 Switzerland 445.3 666.2 634.6 757.5 904.8 North America 4 076.6 5 146.8 5 411.9 7 559.5 8 056.2 Canada 94.8 235.6 259.0 209.2 250.2 United States 3 981.8 4 911.2 5 152.9 7 350.3 7 806.0 Other developed countries 448.6 326.8 472.8 594.4 674.9 Australia 354.1 98.1 68.0-67.0 Israel - 5.4 5.4 83.4 55.4 Japan 69.5 198.3 374.4 476.0 517.5 South Africa 25.0 25.0 25.0 35.0 35.0 Developing countries /economies 1 244.8 1 655.1 1 964.0 1 959.4 2 892.3 Developing Europe 106.0 144.0 179.0 184.0 208.0 Croatia 100.0 138.0 173.0 173.0 173.0 Malta - - - 1.0 - Slovenia 6.0 6.0 6.0 10.0 35.0 Asia 1 138.8 1 511.1 1 785.0 1 775.4 2 684.3 West Asia 23.0 48.0 107.3 107.3 1 014.9 Cyprus - - 7.2 7.2 914.8 Turkey 23.0 48.0 100.1 100.1 100.1 South, East and South-East Asia 1 115.8 1 463.1 1 677.7 1 668.1 1 669.4 China 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 Hong Kong, China - 20.0 - - - Malaysia - - 10.7 - - Republic of Korea 1 077.8 1 412.4 1 616.3 1 617.4 1 618.7 Singapore 13.0 - - - - Taiwan Province of China - 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 Central and Eastern Europe 22.5 1 026.4 1 163.4 1 337.6 1 342.2 Czech Republic 2.5 68.4 51.2 51.2 55.8 Russian Federation 20.0 958.0 1 112.2 1 286.4 1 286.4 Unspecified 1 654.0 1 813.1 2 589.5 2 296.7 2 465.7 Total world 17 705.4 27 279.6 35 171.0 45 772.0 53 152.2 Estimated FDI of less than $ 1 million 2 882.3 3 371.6 3 741.6 3 620.5 3 681.3 Overall total 20 587.7 30 651.2 38 912.6 49 392.5 56 833.5 Source : Polish Agency for Foreign investment (PAIZ), Research Department, Warsaw (http://www.paiz.gov.pl/). Notes : Data refer to investments of over $1 million, monitored by PAIZ. Unspecified includes international organizations. The corresponding values in 1994, 1995 and 1996 were respectively $4,320.8 million, $6,832.2 million and $12,027.7 million.
Table 12b : FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Region/economy 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total world 11 463.4 14 587.2 22 479.2 26 074.9 34 227.0 Developed countries 10 536.5 13 703.5 20 984.6 24 610.5 31 677.8 Western Europe 8 761.9 11 663.5 17 923.1 21 478.0 28 201.6 European Union 8 253.6 11 114.7 17 275.0 20 742.1 27 142.1 Austria 460.7 552.8 692.6 833.6 1 100.3 Belgium and Luxembourg 280.1 263.1 592.4 574.7 861.5 Denmark 342.4 469.7 602.4 686.8 867.0 Finland 68.7 84.6 124.2 147.4 218.8 France 1 027.4 1 332.1 1 798.2 3 096.0 4 171.7 Germany 2 458.6 3 150.8 4 814.5 5 390.6 6 482.1 Greece 7.7 5.6 5.2 3.0 0.3 Ireland 99.3 153.7 233.6 293.9 398.1 Italy 706.3 599.5 604.9 1 094.0 1 478.4 Netherlands 2 162.1 3 658.7 6 422.1 6 667.8 8 432.2 Portugal 6.5 6.2 10.1 92.4 164.6 Spain 30.3 19.3 21.6 262.2 654.8 Sweden 271.2 268.3 542.0 656.5 1 181.7 United Kingdom 332.3 550.3 811.2 943.2 1 130.6 Other Western Europe 508.3 548.8 648.1 735.9 1 059.5 Iceland 2.1 1.6 4.4 2.8 2.6 Liechtenstein 0.2 45.4 65.6 62.3 65.0 Norway 61.7 91.7 118.7 125.9 143.8 Switzerland 444.3 410.1 459.4 544.9 848.1 North America 1 605.6 1 977.9 2 918.6 3 010.7 3 311.5 Canada 51.1 40.3 51.2 63.1 71.4 United States 1 554.5 1 937.6 2 867.4 2 947.6 3 240.1 Other developed countries 169.0 62.1 142.9 121.8 164.7 Australia 139.7 24.2 10.6 11.5 14.4 Israel 8.5 14.9 12.8 7.9 10.6 Japan 20.4 22.6 119.0 102.1 139.5 New Zealand 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 Developing countries /economies 433.7 409.7 826.1 876.5 696.9 Africa 0.9 3.8 3.1 1.3-1.2 North Africa 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 Egypt - - 0.1 0.4 - Morocco 0.2 0.1 0.1 - - Other Africa 0.7 3.6 2.8 0.9-1.3 Latin America and the Caribbean 52.8 46.7 25.2 42.0 52.8 South America 6.4 6.6 8.3 9.2 10.3 Argentina 4.7 3.9 5.3 4.8 5.0 Brazil - 0.1 0.5 1.3 3.2 Chile 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Colombia 0.2 - - - - Uruguay - - - 2.8 1.8 Venezuela - 0.2 - - - Other Latin America and the Caribean 46.4 40.1 16.9 32.8 42.5 Mexico 0.1 - - - - Asia 380.0 359.2 797.8 833.2 645.3 West Asia 52.6 72.0 60.4 63.3 61.3 Turkey 11.7 35.8 56.9 59.6 60.0 South, East and South-East Asia 327.4 287.2 737.4 769.9 584.0 China 2.0 5.0 4.3 5.9 10.0 Hong Kong, China 15.8 10.2 3.5 2.6-1.2 India 2.7 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.6 Indonesia 1.0 - - - - Malaysia 69.6 3.7 8.8 12.5 12.3 Philippines - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Republic of Korea 226.6 262.7 640.0 681.0 457.7 Singapore 8.2 1.4 3.3 4.9 4.0 Taiwan Province of China - - - 8.7 8.0 Thailand 1.0-0.1 - - Central and Eastern Europe 166.1 188.3 282.7 372.8 1 802.4 Belarus 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 Bulgaria 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.5 Croatia 0.4 30.9 75.5 82.9 89.7 Czech Republic 20.0 21.0 35.7 34.0 42.9 Estonia - 0.3-0.1-0.1 Hungary 4.4 4.3 14.8 11.0 15.1 Lithuania 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.1-0.2 Romania 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 Russian Federation 32.9 22.0 16.1 9.1 1 344.2 Serbia and Montenegro - - 0.1 0.8 0.7 Slovakia 0.6 0.5 2.6 4.3 6.8 Slovenia 1.1 3.4 12.3 11.6 16.1 Ukraine 16.6 15.2 4.6 3.2 6.7 Unspecified 327.1 285.7 385.8 215.1 49.9 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 14 : FDI stocks abroad, by industry, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Sector/industry 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTAL 735.0 678.0 1 165.0 1 024.1 1 018.0 PRIMARY SECTOR - - 18.0 24.0 26.7 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing - - 1.0-0.3 0.3 Mining, quarrying and petroleum - - 17.0 24.3 26.4 SECONDARY SECTOR 17.0 24.0 101.0 92.5 112.7 Food, beverages and tobacco 4.0 1.0 2.0 0.5 1.5 Textiles, leather and clothing 1.0 1.0-0.9 1.1 Wood, publishing and printing - 1.0 3.0 2.8 3.7 Chemicals and chemical products 1.0 - - 0.1 26.4 Rubber and plastics products - - 1.0 1.6 2.6 Basics metal and metal products 5.0 12.0 21.0 14.9 10.6 Machinery and equipment 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.3 Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - 0.1-0.6 Motor vehicles - - 65.0 60.3 56.2 Other transport equipment - 4.0 6.0 0.3 5.5 Other manufacturing 5.0 4.0 2.0 10.2 5.4 TERTIARY SECTOR 698.0 611.0 779.0 906.1 877.7 Electricity, gas and water 4.0 - - - 13.5 - Construction 33.0 10.0 33.0 15.8 23.4 Trade and repairs 117.0 94.0 100.0 138.4 150.9 Hotels and restaurants - - 6.0 8.0 3.2 0.9 Transport 203.0 199.0 294.0 249.3 240.6 Telecommunications - - - 2.8 1.7 Finance 336.0 308.0 322.0 495.6 452.0 Monetary intermediation 333.0 211.0 219.0 343.0 271.3 Financial intermediation - 96.0 102.0 88.7 83.8 Insurance and other activities 3.0 1.0 1.0 63.9 96.9 Real estate - - - - 0.2 1.8 Business activities 4.0 6.0 21.0 9.2 13.7 Other services 1.0-1.0 5.5-7.2 Unspecified 20.0 43.0 267.0 1.5 0.9 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 15 : FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination, 1996-2000 (Millions of dollars) Region/economy 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total world 735.0 678.0 1 165.0 1 024.1 1 018.0 Developed countries 360.0 317.0 663.0 612.7 579.2 Western Europe 293.0 255.0 549.0 516.5 470.9 European Union 289.0 252.0 538.0 451.3 404.4 Austria 15.0 12.0 29.0 25.5 38.9 Belgium and Luxembourg 40.0 37.0 217.0 172.2 133.5 Denmark 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 - Finland - - - 0.1 0.1 France 60.0 46.0 45.0 30.4 26.5 Germany 93.0 76.0 100.0 81.6 72.1 Greece - - - - 0.2 Ireland - - 1.0 0.8 0.3 Italy 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 Netherlands - 1.0 14.0 2.6 6.9 Portugal - - - - 0.1 Spain - - - 2.7 5.5 Sweden 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 0.4 United Kingdom 76.0 76.0 127.0 131.6 118.2 Other Western Europe 4.0 3.0 11.0 65.2 66.5 Liechtenstein - - 1.0 4.0-0.7 0.5 Norway - - - - 0.3-0.2 Switzerland 4.0 4.0 7.0 66.2 62.3 Unspecified Other Western Europe - - - - 3.90 North America 52.0 52.0 104.0 87.2 95.9 Canada 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 United States 50.0 50.0 103.0 85.7 95.4 Other developed countries 15.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 12.4 Australia - - 1.0-1.0-0.9-1.2 Israel 14.0 10.0 11.0 9.7 13.4 Japan 1.0 1.0-0.2 - New Zealand - - - - 0.2 Developing countries /economies 210.0 202.0 224.0 174.7 197.9 Africa 17.0 17.0 36.0 12.6 20.0 North Africa 4.0 4.0 6.0 2.7 2.4 Egypt 4.0 4.0 4.0 - - Morocco - - - 0.2 - Other Africa 13.0 13.0 30.0 9.9 17.6 Latin America and the Caribbean - 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.5 South America - 1.0 - - - 0.2-0.2 Brazil - - - 0.1 0.1 Venezuela - - 1.0 - - 0.3-0.3 Other Latin America and the Caribean 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 8.7 Mexico - - - - - 0.1 Asia 193.0 184.0 187.0 161.1 169.4 West Asia - 2.0 2.0 55.0 55.7-58.6 Turkey - 2.0 2.0 54.0 54.5-57.4 South, East and South-East Asia 195.0 182.0 132.0 105.4 228.0 China 170.0 166.0 166.0 138.6 138.9 India - - - 0.2 0.2 Singapore 5.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 6.0 Central and Eastern Europe 161.0 30.0 99.0 91.1 117.5 Albania 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.4 4.1 Belarus 2.0 2.0 5.0 5.9 6.3 Bulgaria - 1.0-0.3 0.1 Croatia 2.0 - - 0.1 1.7 Czech Republic 3.0-2.0 17.0 5.8 32.8 Estonia - - - 0.1 0.1 Hungary 1.0-10.0 1.0 1.2 3.0 Latvia - - - 0.5 0.2 Lithuania 3.0 2.0 9.0 11.2 11.8 Romania - - 1.0 2.6 4.5 Russian Federation 107.0 3.0 - - 0.3-1.0 Serbia and Montenegro - - 1.0 1.3 2.8 Slovakia - - - - 0.2-0.2 Ukraine 21.0 16.0 16.0 15.9 15.5 Unspecified 4.0 129.0 179.0 145.6 123.4 Sources : Poland, National Bank of Poland, Statistics Department.
Table 18a : Number of foreign investors in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1997-2001 Region/economy 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Total world 585 714 799 885 906 Developed countries 557 680 756 840 865 Western Europe 434 528 590 670 707 European Union 414 500 559 633 666 Austria 34 31 32 38 38 Belgium 15 19 21 23 22 Luxembourg 1 1 2 3 6 Denmark 22 28 30 34 38 Finland 11 16 20 20 18 France 51 60 67 70 87 Germany 134 163 180 209 207 Greece 2 2 1 2 2 Ireland 3 3 3 3 3 Italy 44 64 67 65 61 Netherlands 34 42 49 66 74 Portugal - 3 3 5 4 Spain 1 3 6 7 9 Sweden 36 37 43 53 57 United Kingdom 26 28 35 35 40 Other Western Europe 20 28 31 37 41 Liechtenstein 4 3 3 4 4 Norway 7 12 12 14 15 Switzerland 9 13 16 19 22 North America 110 133 147 149 138 Canada 19 21 22 19 13 United States 91 112 125 130 125 Other developed countries 13 19 19 21 20 Australia 4 4 3 3 2 Israel - 3 3 5 4 Japan 8 11 12 11 12 South Africa 1 1 1 2 2 Developing countries /economies 11 11 17 18 17 Developing Europe 2 2 3 4 4 Croatia 1 1 2 2 2 Malta - - - 1 - Slovenia 1 1 1 1 2 Asia 9 9 14 14 13 West Asia 2 2 6 6 6 Cyprus - - 2 2 2 Turkey 2 2 4 4 4 South, East and South-East Asia 7 7 8 8 7 China 1 1 2 2 2 Hong Kong, China - 1 - - - Malaysia - - 1 - - Republic of Korea 5 4 4 5 4 Singapore 1 - - - - Taiwan Province of China - 1 1 1 1 Central and Eastern Europe 2 5 6 6 6 Czech Republic 1 4 4 4 4 Russian Federation 1 1 2 2 2 Unspecified 15 18 20 21 18 Sources : Polish Agency for Foreign Investment (PAIZ), Research Department, Warsaw (http://www.paiz.gov.pl), various volumes. Notes : Data refer to the number of investors with foreign investment of over $1 million. Unspecified includes international organizations. The corresponding numbers in 1995 and 1996 were 362 and 492, respectively.
Tables 22, 29 and 34 : The number, assets and employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2000 (Assets in millions of zloty) Number Assets Employment Sector/industry 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 TOTAL 4 055 4 339 160 229 191 628 590 785 648 323 PRIMARY SECTOR 101 105 1 591 1 680 5 325 5 251 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 75 76 865 907 2 865 2 974 Mining, quarrying and petroleum 26 29 726 773 2 460 2 277 SECONDARY SECTOR 1 999 2 119 96 303 109 965 379 129 398 691 TERTIARY SECTOR 1 877 2 041 61 822 79 323 201 534 238 842 Electricity, gas and water 8 12 1 169 3 033 1 811 6 477 Construction 143 163 3 588 5 455 13 083 17 045 Trade 1 027 1 104 38 586 48 722 124 238 144 809 Hotels and restaurants 61 63 1 252 1 461 14 347 16 639 Transport and telecommunications 210 209 2 814 3 191 14 209 15 433 Finance 34 38 2 986 3 331 2 427 1 972 Real estate and business services 385 436 11 378 14 021 31 079 35 176 Public administration 9 7 49 69 340 388 Health and social services - 9-40 - 903 Unspecified 78 74 513 660 4 797 5 539 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 percent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. Assets include fixed assets, current assets and inter-period settlements. No data are available prior to 1999.
Table 23 : The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2000 Region/economy 1999 2000 Total world 4 055 4 339 Developed countries 3 862 4 143 Western Europe 3 536 3 802 European Union 3 343 3 589 Austria 195 192 Belgium 98 111 Luxembourg 37 47 Denmark 140 157 Finland 37 46 France 251 306 Germany 1 558 1 653 Greece 12 8 Ireland 9 12 Italy 140 146 Netherlands 511 542 Portugal - 4 Spain 21 21 Sweden 194 212 United Kingdom 140 132 Other Western Europe 193 213 Iceland 3 3 Liechtenstein 21 21 Monaco - 4 Norway 55 58 Switzerland 114 127 North America 282 294 Canada 25 20 United States 257 274 Other developed countries 44 47 Australia 18 26 Israel 11 8 Japan 15 13 Developing countries /economies 81 96 Latin America and the Caribbean 4 12 Other Latin America and the Caribbean 4 12 Bahamas - 4 British Virgin Islands 4 5 Panama - 3 Developing Europe 12 16 Croatia 3 3 Malta 5 4 Serbia and Montenegro - 4 Slovenia 4 5 Asia 65 68 West Asia 28 40 Cyprus 18 24 Iran, Islamic Republic of - 3 Turkey 10 13 South, East and South-East Asia 37 28 China 5 3 India 3 4 Republic of Korea 21 17 Taiwan Province of China 5 4 Viet Nam 3 - Central and Eastern Europe 60 66 Bulgaria - 3 Czech Republic 32 35 Hungary 7 7 Russian Federation 11 12 Slovakia 5 5 Ukraine 5 4 Unspecified 52 34 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. No data are available prior to 1999.
Tables 30 and 35 : Assets and employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2000 (Assets in millions of zloty) Assets Employment Region/economy 1999 2000 1999 2000 Total world 160 229 191 628 590 785 648 323 Developed countries 143 638 176 561 561 964 623 409 Western Europe 129 043 159 440 498 179 557 439 European Union 122 824 151 101 471 099 529 996 Austria 4 676 5 038 20 346 23 082 Belgium 1 585 2 164 10 015 11 675 Luxembourg 1 606 2 087 10 550 12 858 Denmark 4 590 5 121 19 158 21 476 Finland 1 614 1 773 4 386 4 743 France 15 026 18 403 52 960 60 078 Germany 36 477 42 378 164 876 172 224 Greece 46 37 378 295 Ireland 207 172 365 822 Italy 5 987 5 646 21 078 19 421 Netherlands 38 817 52 950 123 356 151 202 Portugal - 39-456 Spain 2 303 2 938 4 954 5 435 Sweden 4 711 7 886 20 665 28 947 United Kingdom 5 179 4 469 18 012 17 282 Other Western Europe 6 219 8 339 27 080 27 443 Iceland 140 90 820 402 Liechtenstein 328 223 1 218 1 283 Monaco - 23-364 Norway 1 483 1 447 7 278 8 383 Switzerland 4 268 6 556 17 764 17 011 North America 12 915 14 595 60 488 62 016 Canada 324 302 2 107 1 860 United States 12 591 14 293 58 381 60 156 Other developed countries 1 680 2 526 3 297 3 954 Australia 216 283 1 084 1 602 Israel 134 49 1 107 330 Japan 1 330 2 194 1 106 2 022 Developing countries /economies 15 526 14 087 23 411 20 564 Latin America and the Caribbean 88 261 149 765 Other Latin America and the Caribean 88 261 149 765 Bahamas - 122-117 British Virgin Islands 88 107 149 156 Panama - 32-492 Developing Europe 1 106 1 464 2 093 2 319 Croatia 606 693 1 438 1 520 Malta 349 380 406 334 Serbia and Montenegro - 161-116 Slovenia 151 230 249 349 Asia 14 332 12 362 21 169 17 480 West Asia 2 533 2 762 4 192 5 386 Cyprus 2 427 2 594 3 528 4 789 Iran, Islamic Republic of - 60-40 Turkey 106 108 664 557 South, East and South-East Asia 11 799 9 600 16 977 12 094 China 110 108 149 115 India 4 12 39 71 Republic of Korea 11 670 9 399 16 672 11 776 Taiwan Province of China 14 81 65 132 Viet Nam 1-52 - Central and Eastern Europe 409 572 2 216 2 477 Bulgaria - 8-84 Czech Republic 207 202 989 1 210 Hungary 91 207 294 585 Russian Federation 59 55 602 459 Slovakia 15 76 134 75 Ukraine 37 24 197 64 Unspecified 656 408 3 194 1 873 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. Assets include fixed assets, current assets and inter-period settlements. No data are available prior to 1999.
Tables 44 and 54 : Sales and profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2000 (Millions of zloty) Sales Profits Sector/industry 1999 2000 1999 2000 TOTAL 228 082 269 761 6 783 8 709 PRIMARY SECTOR 977 1 194 44 64 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 483 647 28 46 Mining, quarrying and petroleum 494 547 16 18 SECONDARY SECTOR 123 674 143 400 4 708 5 844 TERTIARY SECTOR 102 700 124 361 2 005 2 769 Electricity, gas and water 499 1 958 39 46 Construction 6 078 7 140 184 218 Trade 79 061 94 959 1 112 1 697 Hotels and restaurants 1 056 1 350 38 47 Transport and telecommunications 3 327 3 716 118 131 Finance 1 208 1 392 109 109 Real estate and business services 11 409 13 652 403 512 Public administration 62 113 2 8 Health and social services - 81-1 Unspecified 731 806 26 32 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. Sales denote sales of goods and services, while profits refer to net profits taking into account losses. No data are available prior to 1999.
Tables 45 and 55 : Sales and profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2000 (Millions of zloty) Sales Profits Region/economy 1999 2000 1999 2000 Total world 228 082 269 761 6 783.3 8 709.0 Developed countries 210 257 255 233 6 569.3 8 486.6 Western Europe 189 606 231 090 5 763.9 7 674.8 European Union 180 960 219 996 5 547.2 6 990.6 Austria 6 666 7 741 240.4 225.4 Belgium 2 443 3 490 48.3 155.0 Luxembourg 2 321 2 452 30.1 32.3 Denmark 6 854 7 984 249.5 175.5 Finland 3 300 3 940 130.4 149.8 France 20 311 24 285 820.5 1 073.2 Germany 57 364 69 088 1 707.4 1 987.2 Greece 85 78 0.4 0.5 Ireland 184 178 4.9 3.9 Italy 10 690 10 697 242.7 237.5 Netherlands 56 138 70 239 1 769.7 2 578.4 Portugal - 27-1.6 Spain 1 836 3 187 15.6 61.8 Sweden 6 658 10 501 117.7 149.6 United Kingdom 6 110 6 109 169.6 158.9 Other Western Europe 8 646 11 094 216.7 684.2 Iceland 341 139 1.2 0.0 Liechtenstein 696 409 22.4 21.9 Monaco - 81-0.1 Norway 1 580 1 789 53.9 82.0 Switzerland 6 029 8 676 139.2 580.2 North America 19 078 20 608 780.2 779.7 Canada 357 250 6.8 9.2 United States 18 721 20 358 773.4 770.5 Other developed countries 1 573 3 535 25.2 32.1 Australia 487 672 7.6 10.8 Israel 179 92 12.8 1.9 Japan 907 2 771 4.8 19.4 Developing countries /economies 15 606 12 013 161.2 187.1 Latin America and the Caribbean 29 510 0.0 8.1 Other Latin America and the Caribean 29 510 0.0 8.1 Bahamas - 424-6.9 British Virgin Islands 29 43 0.0 1.1 Panama - 43-0.1 Developing Europe 1 510 2 102 69.4 68.8 Croatia 397 505 42.8 41.0 Malta 914 1 013 25.5 26.2 Serbia and Montenegro - 200-0.1 Slovenia 199 384 1.1 1.5 Asia 14 067 9 401 91.8 110.2 West Asia 1 904 2 109 39.3 62.0 Cyprus 1 807 1 975 37.6 61.5 Iran, Islamic Republic of - 8-0.4 Turkey 97 126 1.7 0.1 South, East and South-East Asia 12 163 7 292 52.5 48.2 China 32 36 1.5 2.9 India 10 36 0.0 0.1 Republic of Korea 11 882 6 979 51.0 45.2 Taiwan Province of China 237 241 0.0 0.0 Viet Nam 2-0.0 - Central and Eastern Europe 1 028 1 975 29.2 18.3 Bulgaria - 8-0.1 Czech Republic 240 794 21.0 5.2 Hungary 115 230 0.8 1.5 Russian Federation 117 157 2.8 1.6 Slovakia 454 738 1.6 4.9 Ukraine 102 48 3.0 5.0 Unspecified 1 191 540 23.6 17.0 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. Sales denote sales of goods and services, while profits refer to net profits taking into account losses. No data are available prior to 1999.
Tables 59 and 64 : Exports and imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2000 (Millions of zloty) Exports Imports Sector/industry 1999 2000 1999 2000 TOTAL 36 082.9 53 360.1 56 266.1 102 416.9 PRIMARY SECTOR 92.8 163.8 278.1 170.1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 48.0 129.5 168.4 70.2 Mining, quarrying and petroleum 44.8 34.3 109.7 99.9 SECONDARY SECTOR 32 836.9 49 062.2 32 267.6 60 940.4 TERTIARY SECTOR 3 078.5 4 077.7 23 693.8 41 281.6 Electricity, gas and water 0.0 4.5 1.0 113.2 Construction 126.3 359.2 437.5 1 949.9 Trade 1 138.3 1 567.3 22 021.2 36 566.9 Hotels and restaurants 4.5 4.7 6.1 4.7 Transport and telecommunications 986.4 1 225.8 119.1 255.3 Finance 10.2 26.6 208.9 159.6 Real estate and business services 807.8 885.1 895.7 2 221.9 Public administration 5.0 1.0 4.3 9.9 Health and social services - 3.5-0.2 Unspecified 74.7 56.4 26.6 24.8 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. No data are available prior to 1999.
Tables 60 and 65 : Exports and imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2000 (Millions of zloty) Exports Imports Region/economy 1999 2000 1999 2000 Total world 36 082.9 53 360.1 56 266.1 102 416.9 Developed countries 34 459.6 51 408.1 53 482.3 96 258.3 Western Europe 30 911.2 45 944.1 46 575.4 87 852.9 European Union 29 519.0 43 874.1 43 983.5 84 212.6 Austria 950.3 1 322.6 1 834.6 2 257.0 Belgium 345.4 772.1 791.0 1 115.0 Luxembourg 320.3 348.3 845.7 900.0 Denmark 829.5 1 169.0 1 398.1 1 781.8 Finland 191.2 293.6 720.2 2 236.5 France 4 334.5 5 141.4 6 631.3 8 044.4 Germany 8 654.3 14 555.1 14 519.6 33 153.2 Greece 10.3 12.0 31.1 38.5 Ireland 8.8 21.8 15.7 34.6 Italy 4 359.8 4 698.2 1 201.7 3 113.2 Netherlands 7 055.7 10 441.7 11 499.5 21 499.7 Portugal - 20.5-4.1 Spain 346.9 2 091.4 122.0 3 293.4 Sweden 1 301.5 2 026.5 2 769.7 3 666.0 United Kingdom 810.5 959.9 1 603.3 3 075.2 Other Western Europe 1 392.2 2 070.0 2 591.9 3 640.3 Iceland.0 1.6 22.4 25.1 Liechtenstein 25.4 49.8 261.7 83.4 Monaco - 6.1-1.6 Norway 309.1 276.5 339.3 379.5 Switzerland 1 057.7 1 736.0 1 968.5 3 150.7 North America 3 287.4 3 973.9 5 643.4 5 805.7 Canada 96.9 117.5 71.4 34.7 United States 3 190.5 3 856.4 5 572.0 5 771.0 Other developed countries 261.0 1 490.1 1 263.5 2 599.7 Australia 19.2 20.3 214.4 262.0 Israel 103.2 27.0 43.2 37.0 Japan 138.6 1 442.8 1 005.9 2 300.7 Developing countries /economies 1 425.3 1 742.5 2 135.1 5 403.8 Latin America and the Caribbean 0.7 5.8 7.2 111.8 Other Latin America and the Caribean 0.7 5.8 7.2 111.8 Bahamas - 0.3-103.0 British Virgin Islands 0.7 1.6 7.2 6.8 Panama - 3.9-2.0 Developing Europe 37.5 36.7 632.3 943.0 Croatia 20.0 22.5 102.6 112.6 Malta 4.8 1.2 335.7 309.4 Serbia and Montenegro - 11.4-155.6 Slovenia 12.7 1.6 194.0 365.4 Asia 1 387.1 1 700.0 1 495.6 4 349.0 West Asia 360.0 419.8 323.4 1 483.1 Cyprus 355.4 411.8 304.9 1 459.6 Iran, Islamic Republic of - 0.1-0.0 Turkey 4.6 7.9 18.5 23.5 South, East and South-East Asia 1 027.1 1 280.2 1 172.2 2 865.9 China.0.0 0.0 0.0 India.0.0 2.9 25.2 Republic of Korea 1 027.1 1 280.0 1 132.1 2 830.4 Taiwan Province of China 0.0 0.2 37.2 10.3 Viet Nam 0.0-0.0 - Central and Eastern Europe 57.8 58.0 337.6 625.6 Bulgaria - 3.0-0.5 Czech Republic 11.8 13.2 118.5 127.5 Hungary 15.8 32.6 66.4 159.3 Russian Federation 13.0 9.1 28.3 90.4 Slovakia 17.2 0.1 100.8 246.0 Ukraine 0.0 0.0 23.6 1.9 Unspecified 140.2 151.5 311.1 129.2 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data refer to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 9 persons. No data are available prior to 1999.
Table 69 : Research and development expenditures of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1997-2000 (Millions of zloty) Sector/industry 1997 1998 1999 2000 TOTAL 134.9 205.1 429.0 209.2 SECONDARY SECTOR 134.9 205.1 429.0 206.0 Food, beverages and tobacco 5.8 5.4 12.6 15.5 Wood, paper, publishing and printing - - 12.4 - Chemicals, rubber and plastic products 47.5 46.2 40.0 24.6 Non-metallic mineral products - - 1.3 - Machinery and equipment 5.4 8.9 89.0 36.1 Electrical machinery and apparatus 2.6 9.8 70.4 10.4 Radio, television and communication apparatus 17.8 39.3 43.9 36.5 Precision instruments - - 0.9 1.0 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 51.0 89.3 141.4 70.6 Other transport equipment 4.8 2.2 12.9 7.4 Other manufacturing - 4.0 4.2 3.9 TERTIARY SECTOR - - - 3.2 Trade, hotels and restaurants - - - 3.2 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data pertain to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 49 persons, not including banking and insurance. The number of employees considered was more than 50 persons, up to 1998.
Table 70 : Research and development expenditures of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1997-2000 (Millions of zloty) Region/economy 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total world 134.9 205.1 429.0 209.2 Developed countries 85.4 115.8 294.9 151.1 Western Europe 50.2 82.9 264.3 129.1 European Union 50.2 82.5 258.2 128.9 Austria - 4.0 4.2 3.9 Belgium - 0.6 0.0 - Denmark - 1.9 1.4 4.0 France 14.0 3.0 6.1 4.8 Germany 5.1 10.5 29.3 21.6 Netherlands 28.6 46.2 127.0 79.5 Sweden 0.5 0.0 0.9 2.4 United Kingdom 2.0 16.3 89.3 12.7 Other Western Europe 0.0 0.4 6.1 0.2 Norway - 0.4 0.3 - Switzerland - - 5.8 0.2 North America 35.2 32.9 30.6 22.0 Canada 0.8 1.5 0.7 - United States 34.4 31.4 29.9 22.0 Developing countries /economies 43.2 83.9 129.8 52.6 Asia 43.2 83.9 129.8 52.6 South, East and South-East Asia 43.2 83.9 129.8 52.6 Republic of Korea 43.2 83.9 129.8 52.6 Central and Eastern Europe 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Czech Republic - 0.2 0.0 - Unspecified 6.3 5.2 4.3 5.5 Source : Central Statistical Office, Data Dissemination Division, Section of Statistical Information, Warsaw, unpublished data. Notes : Data pertain to enterprises with foreign participation of over 50 per cent in the company's equity capital and employing more than 49 persons, not including banking and insurance. The number of employees considered was more than 50 persons, up to 1998.