H^L I ^ ^ ] B A fl^fl^^ Department Labor ^ %l^jb AA M^^^T Bureau Labor Statistics J02&, ^ICWU^^ Washington, DC ^8r

H^L I ^ ^ ] B A fl^fl^^ Department Labor ^ %l^jb AA M^^^T Bureau Labor Statistics J02&, ^ICWU^^ Washington, DC. 20212 ^8r Technical information: (202) 523-1371 USDL 84-460 523-1944 523-1959 TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS Media contact: 523-1913 RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER Employment rose in October and unemployment was unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall jobless rate was percent, and the rate for civilian workers was percent. Both rates were the same as in September, but down from those prevailing early in the year. Civilian employment as measured by the monthly survey of households rose by 350,000 in October to 105.6 million. The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls as measured by the monthly survey of establishments advanced by 440,000 to 95.2 million. Each employment series was up about 6t5 million since the November 1982 recession trough. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons and the civilian worker unemployment rate were both unchanged in October. A total of 8.4 million persons were unemployed; the civilian worker jobless rate Was percent, 3.3 percentage points below the November 1982 recession high. (See table A-2.) Jobless rates among most major worker groups, including whites ( percent), blacks (15.4 percent), Hispanics (10.9 percent), and teenagers (1.8.8 percent), showed little, if any, change from September. The unemployment rate for adult men edged down over the month, to percent and has declined by a full percentage point since January. By contrast, the rate for adult women rose slightly to 6.9 percent, about the same level as early in the year. (See tables A-2 and A-3.) The average length of time an unemployed person had been jobless continued its downward trend, as the mean and median duration of unemployment declined over the month to 16.5 and weeks, respectively. The number of persons who had been out of work for 6 months or longer has declined by 600,000 since the beginning of the year. (See table A-7.) Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Civilian employment increased by 350,000 to 105.6 million in October, after seasonal adjustment. The employment increase occurred entirely among adults. The proportion of the civilian population with jobs (the employment-population ratio) edged up to 59.7 percent over the month. (See table A-2.)

- 2 - The civilian labor force grew by 320,000 in October to 114.0 million, after seasonal adjustment. Over the past year, the civilian labor force has risen by 2.2 million; adult women accounted for 1.3 million of the increase Table A* Major Indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Category Labor force Jj Total employment \J«.. Civilian employment* Unemployment Not in labor force... Discouraged workers* Quarterly averages Monthly data II III Aug. Sept. Oct 115,333 106,837 113,642 105,146 8,496 62,484 1,295 I I.1 Sept.- j change Thousands of persons 115,420 115,206 115,9 115,722 303 106,911 106,681 106,959 107,291 332 113,710 113,494 113,699 114,017 318 105,201 104,969 105,2 105,586 347 8,509 8,526 8,460 8,431) -29 62,885 63,0891 63,064 62,9-125 1,197 N.A. N.A.j N.A. J N.A. s: All workers \J All civilian workers Adult men* Adult women Teenagers. White Black * Hispanic origin 6.6 6.7 18.7 1 10.7 Percent of labor force. 5 5 9 18.7 6.4 16.01 10.7 18.4 16.0 10.7 7 31 7. 6.51 6 7 19.31 6.4 15.1 10.7 6.9 18.8 15.4 10.91-0, 0. -0, 0 0 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Nonfarm payroll employment. Goods-producing Service-producing 93,790 24,862 68,928 Thousands of jobs 94,542p 94,523194,754p 95,195p 4p 25,054p 25,098 25,005p 25,071p 66p 69,488p 69,425 69,749p 70,124p,375p Average weekly hours: Total private nonfarm Manufacturing Manufacturing overtime 35.3 40.8 3.4 35.2p 40.5p 3.3p Hours of work 35.2 40.5 3.31 I 35.3p 40.6p 3.3p I 35.1p -0.2p 40.5p -O.lp 3.3p Op J7 Includes the resident Armed Forces, p-preliminary. N.A.»not available.

- 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonagricultural payroll employment, at 95.2 million in October, seasonally adjusted, rose by 440,000 over the" month. Gains were rather widespread, with nearly two-thirds of the 185 industries in the BLS index of diffusion registering over-the-month Increases; this contrasts markedly with the prior month when only two-fifths of the industries showed increases. (See tables B-l and B-6.) The bulk of the October job growth occurred in the service-producing sector, paced by advances of 140,000 in retail trade and 130,000 in services. These two industry divisions have shown strong growth during the recovery, accounting for almost half of the total payroll employment gains during the period. Over-the-month increases also took place in transportation and public utilities, wholesale trade, and 'finance, insurance, and real estate about 25,000 each. In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment rose by 55,000, not enough to recoup the 115,000 decline in September* All of the October increase was in durable goods, where gains were pervasive; the largest were in machinery, fabricated metals, and lumber and wood products. Elsewhere in the sector, employment in mining and construction were both about unchanged from September levels. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls fell 0.2 hour in October to 35.1 hours. The manufacturing workweek edged down 0.1 hour, and factory overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours the same level that has prevailed over the past 6 months. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weeekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 113.2 (1977-100), was about the same as in September. The manufacturing index (at 9) also was about unchanged over the month* (See table B 5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings were about unchanged in October, and average weekly earnings were down 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings edged down 1 cent to $8.42, and weekly earnings fell $3.73 "c $295.54. Compared to a year earlier, hourly earnings were up 26 cents and weekly earnings rose $9. (See table B-3.)

- 4 - The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data) The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 161.6 (1977-100) in October, seasonally adjusted, essentially unchanged from September. For the 12 months ended in October, the increase (before seasonal adjustment) was 2.9 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements--fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing and interindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0*3 percent during the 12-month period ended in September. (See table B-A.)

Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tawes, marked. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over 200,000 establisfiments employing over 35 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys * The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are persons not looking for work because they were laid off and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report to a job within 30 days. The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents the same measure with a civilian labor force base. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are many differences between the two surveys, among which are the following: The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and members of the resident Armed Forces; The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed; the establishment survey does not; The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited by age; The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each June, when schools close and many young people enter the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December period. The January revision is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end of the next section. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent level of confidence the confidence limits used by BLS in its analyses the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for men is.26 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points. In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data for the month of September are published in preliminary form in October and November and in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a Comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to establish new benchmarks comprehensive counts of employment against which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation of new establishments. Additional statistics and other information In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $4.50 per issue or $31.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

Table A-1. Employment atatua of tha population, Including Armad Forcaa In the United Statea, by aex (Numbers In thousands) ^^^^^^ Not saeeonetty edjueted Emptoymant atatua and aax O:T. SFPT. 198* JUNE 1904 JULY AUG. DCT. 198 4 TOTAL Nonlnatltutlonal population' Labor force* Participation rata* Total employed* Employmant-populatlon ratio*.. Resident Armad Forcaa Civilian amployad Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Industries Unemployment rata* Not In labor force 176,474 113.737 64.4 104,354 59.1 1,695 102,659 3,407 99,252 9,383 8.2 62,737 178.483 115.563 64.7 1012 60.2 1.720 105,792 3,545 102,247 8,051 62,920 178.661 115,955 64.9 107,967 60.4 1,705 106,262 3,268 102,994 7,989 6.9 62,706 176,474 113,561 64.3 103,665 58.7 1,695 101.970 3.240 98,730 9,896 8.7 62.913 177,974 115,567 64.9 107,438 60.4 1,690 105,748 3,403 102,344 8,13 0 62,407 178.138 115*636 64.9 1093 60.1 1.698 105.5 3*345 102*050 8.543 62*503 178,295 115,206 64.6 106,681 59.8 1,712 104,969 3,224 101,744 8,526 63,089 178, 483 115,9 64.7 106,959 59.9 1,720 105,2 3,315 101,923 8,460 63,064 178,661 115,722 64.8 107,291 60.1 1,705 105,586 3,114 102,472 8,431 62,9 Man, 16 years and over Nonlnatltutlonal population* Labor force* Participation rata* Total amployad* Employmant-populatlon ratio*.. Resident Armed Forcaa Civilian amployad Unemployment rata* 4,344 64,444 7 59,236 70.2 1,543 57,693 5,208 8.1 85,352 65,482 76.7 61,285 71.8 1,571 59,714 4,197 85,4 65,400 76.5 61,273 71.7 1,557 59,716 4,127 84,3*4 64,709 76.7 58,950 69.9 1,543 57,407 5,759 8.9 85,101 65,452 76.9 60*923 71.6 1,545 59,378 4,529 6.9 85,179 65,362 76.7 60,607 71.2 1,551 59.056 4,756 85,257 65*244 76.5 60.661 71.2 1.563 59.098 4*583 85, 352 65,614 76.9 60,912 71.4 1,571 59,3 4,702 85,4 65,603 76.8 61,023 71.4 1,557 59,466 4, 580 woniefi, 19 Nonlnatltutlonal population* Labor force* Participation rata* Total employed 1 Employment-population ratio* Resident Armed Forcaa, Civilian amployad * 92.129 49,292 53.5 45,118 49.0 152 44,966 4.174 8.5 93,132 50.081 53.8 46,227 49.6 149 46.078 3.854 7.7 93,222 50,555 54.2 46*694 50.1 148 46,546 3,862 92,129 48,852 53.0 44,715 48.5 152 44,563 4,137 8.5 92,873 50,115 54.0 46,515 50.1 145 46* 370 3*600 92,958 50,273 54.1 46,486 50.0 147 4 3,787 93,0 49,963 53.7 46,020 49.5 149 45,871 3,943 7.9 93,132 49,804 53.5 46,047 49.4 149 45,898 3,758 93, 222 50,119 53.8 46,268 49.6 148 46,120 3, 852 7.7 1 The population and Armad Forcaa figuraa are not adjuatad for eeaeonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In tha unadhiated and aeaaonally adjuatad columns. 1 Includes members of the Armad Forcaa stationed In the United 8tatee. percent of the nonlnetltutlonal population, * Total employment aa a percent of the nonlnatltutlonal population, * Unemployment aa a percent of tha labor force (Including the resident Armed Forcaa).

Tai>la A-2. Employmant atatua of tha civilian population by aax and aga (Number* in thouaanaa) Employment atatxa, aax, ana* age Nat eeaaonalry etfjweted SEOT. per. JUNE eaeonalry adhiatee" JULY AUG. 198 4 TOTAL Civilian nonlnatltutlonal population Participation rata Employad Employmant-populatlon ratio*... Unamployad Unemployment rata 174,779 112,042 64.1 102,659 58.7 9,383 8.4 176,763 113,843 64.4 105,792 59.8 8,051 176,956 114,250 64.6 106,262 60.0 7,989 174,779 111,866 64.0 101,970 58. 3 9,896 8.8 176,284 113,877 64.6 10*8 60.0 8,130 7. I 176,440 113,938 64.6 105,5 59.7 8,543 176,583 113,494 64.3 104,969 59.4 8,526 176,763 113,699 64.3 105,2 59.5 8,460 176,956 114,017 64.4 10 5, 586 59.7 8,431 Civilian nonlnatltutlonal population Civilian labor forea Participation rata Employad Employmant-populatlon ratio 1... Agriculture NonagricutturaJ Induetrtee Unamployad Unemployment rata 75,216 58,919 78. 3 54,580 72.6 2,511 52,069 4,3 76,451 60,003 78.5 56,554 74.0 2,559 53,995 3,449 76,565 59,992 78.4 56,610 73.9 2,443 54,167 3,382 5.6 75,216 58,949 78.4 54,140 72.0 2,376 51,764 4,809 8.2 76,176 59,726 78.4 55,970 73.5 2,469 5 3,501 3,755 76,269 59,694 78.3 55,789.73.1 2,455 53,334 3,906 6.5 750 59,752 78.3 55,899 73.2 2,2 53,507 3,853 76,451 59,898 78.3 56,022 73.3 2,403 53,620 3,875 6.5 76,565 59,971 7 8.3 56,213 73.4 2,316 53,898 3,758 Civilian nonlnatltutlonal papulation Participation rata Employment-population rame*... Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Induearlae Unemployment rata 84,443 45,505 53.9 42,088 49.8 635,453 3,7 7. 5 85.688 46,255 54.0 43,120 50.3 655 42,465 3, 135 6.8 85,793 46,784 54.5 43,559 50.8 586 42,972 3,226 6.9 84,443 44,936 53.2,570 49.2 597 40,973 3,366 85,380 46,101 54.0 43,146 50.5 623 42,523 2,955 85,488 46,261 54.1 43,088 50.4 573 42,515 3,173 6.9 85,581 46,082 53.8 42,819 50.0 563 42,255 3,264 85,688 45,859 5 3.5 42,807 50.0 595 42,212 3,053 6.7 85, 793 46,220 53.9 43,016 5 0.1 554 42,462 3,204 6.9 eth eenee, M te H yeera CMllan nonlnatltutlonal poputatlen Participation rata Employad Employment-population ratio* Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Induatrtea 15,120 7,618 50.4 5,991.6 261 5,730 1.62 7 21.4 14,624 7,586 51.9 6,118.8 330 5,788 1,467 19.3 14,598 7,474 51.2 6,093.7 238 5,855 1,381 18.5 15,120 7,981 52.8 6,260.4 267 5,993 1,721 21.6 14,728 8,05 0 54.7 6,631 45.0 311 6,320 1,9 1 14,683 7,982 54.4 6,518 44.4 317 6,201 1,464 18.3 14,653 7,660 52.3 6,251 42.7 269 5,982 1,409 18.4 14,624 7,942 54.3 6,0 43.8 318 6,092 1,532 19.3 14,598 7,826 53.6 6,356 4 3.5 244 6, 112 1,470 18.8 ' Tha population flgurea are not edjuated for aeaaonal variation; therefore. Identical number* appear In the unadjueted and aeaaonally edjutted column*. 1 Civilian employment aa a percent of tha civilian nonlnatltutlonal population.

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers In thousands) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Not seasonally adjusted SEPT. 1S84 JUNE ' Seasonally adjusted' JULY AUG. WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 151,175 97,52 6 64.5 90,532 59.9 6,994 152,471 98,529 64.6 92,573 60.7 5,956 6.0 152,605 96,814 64.8 92,925 60.9 5,889 6.0 151,175 9 64.4 89.851 59.4 7,488 7.7 15 2,295 98,770 64.9 92,697 60.9 6,072 152,286 98,710 64.8 92,430 60.7 6,280 152.402 98.156 64.4 91.850 60.3 6,306 152,471 98,388 64.5 92,074 60.4 6,314 152,605 98,520 64.6 92, 249 60.4 6, 271 Man, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 51,867. 78.8 48,534 73.8 3,333 52,624 78.9 50,046 75.0 2,578 4.9 52,552 78.7 5C012 74.9 2,540 4.8 51,902 78.9 48.128 73.1 3,774 52,548 78.9 49,744 74.7 2,804 5.3 52,366 78.6 49,470 74.3 2,896 5.5 52,371 78.6 49,471 74.2 2,900 5.5 52,516 78.7 49,600 74.4 2,916 5.6 52,463 78.6 49,615 74.3 2,848 5.4 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 38.933 53.4 36*484 50.0 2,450.292 53.3 36.988 50.2 2.304,738 53.9 37,408 50.7 2,330 38.43 8 52.7 36,016 49.4 2.422,226 53.3 37,042 50.4 2,184 5.6,6 53.5 37,074 50.4 2,321,137 53.1 36,764 49.9 2,352 6.0 38,944 52.8 36,694 49.8 2,250, 253 53.2 36,928 50.0 2, 32 5 Both sexes, 16 to 1t years Participation rate Employment-population ratio* Men Women 6,726 54.0 5,515 44. 3 1.211 18.0 19.2 16.7 6,613 54.8 5,5 4 1.074 16.2 1 1 6,525 54.2 5,506 4 1,019 15.6 1 14.9 6,999 56.2 5,707 4 1.292 18.5 19.8 16.9 6,996 57.7 5,911 48.7 1,085 15.5 16.5 14.5 6,946 5 5,886 48.7 1,062 15.3 17.8 12.6 6,649 55.1 5,595 4 1,054 1 16.2 15.5 6,928 5 5,780 47.9 1,143 16.6 1 1 6,804 5 6.5 5,706 4 1,098 1 1 15.2 BUCK Civilian noninstitutional population... Participation rate Employment-population ratio*..-. 19,026 11,58 2 60.9 9,50 2 49.9 2.080 18.0 19.6 12, 126 6^.4 10,310 53.1 1.816 15.0 19,449 12,202 62.7 10,353 53.2 1.849 15.2 19.026 11*565 60.8 9*449 49.7 2,116 18.3 19,330 11,962 61.9 10,168 52.6 1,795 15.0 19,360 12,076 62.4 1C0 51.9 2,035 16.9 19,386 12,176 62.8 10,226 52.8 1,950 16.0 19,6 12,079 62.? 10,259 52.1 1,820 15.1 19,449 12,1*5 6 2.7 10,314 53.0 1,872 15.4 Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 5,515 74.4 4,668 6 2.9 847 15.4 5,703 74.7 4,983 65.3 719 12.6 5,746 75.0 5,022 65.6 724 12.6 5.501 74.2 4.607 62.1 894 1 5,646 74.4 4,811 63.4 835 14.8 5,700 74.9 4,802 63.1 897 1 5,735 75.3 4,922 64.6 813 14.2 5,684 74.4 4,919 64.4 765 13.5 5,728 7 4.8 4,962 64.8 76 5 13.4 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 5,356 5 4,487 47.7 868 16.2 5.614 58.3 4,888 50.7 726 12.9 5,655 58.6 4,867 50.4 787 13.9 5,277 5 4,438 4 8 1 5,496 5 4,818 50.3 679 12.4 5,522 5 4,746 49.5 776 14.0 5,604 58.3 4,816 50.1 786 14.1 5,538 5 4,640 50.2 698 12.6 5, 58* 57.8 4,829 50.0 755 13.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Participation rate Employment-population ratio* Men Women 712 32. 2 34 7 1 36 5 51. 3 4*5.6 5 810 37.7 4 2 0.5 371 4 43.7 48 2 802 3 464 21.7 337 42.1 44.9.1 787 35.6 404 18.3 J83 48.7 45.6 52.2 82 0 37.9 5 24.9 281 34.3 35.3 33.1 854.6 492 22.8 362 42.4 42.6 42.1 83 7 38.9 488 22.7 349.7 40.6 42.9 857.9 500 2 3.3 357.7.9 4 3.7 P7C 4C. P s;j 74. «3S1 4 0-? 4«. L 34.6 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 9,745 6, 187 6 3. 5 5,477 56. 2 710 11. 5 9,713 6, 331 65.2 5,701 58.7 630 1 CO 5,794 6,354 64.9 i,717 58.4 637 10.0 9,745 6,165 63.3 5,8 55.4 76 7 12.4 9,824 6,298 64.1 5.669 57.7 629 10.0 9,738 6,293 64.6 5,626 57.8 667 10.6 9,785 6,271 64.1 5.600 5 672 10.7 9,713 6,328 65.2 5,650 58.2 678 IC.7 9, M <, 6,3 V.' 6 4. * 5,64' 5 7..' 6ft" 1C. / ' The population figures are not ad)usted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. ' Clvi.ian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum 'o *ct».* because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispznics are includ.-j in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators (Numbers In thousands) Category 1CT. Not seasonally adjusted SFPT. 193*. 1S84. 198) JUNE Seasonally adjusted JULY AUG. CHARACTERISTIC Civilian employed, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present, Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 10?,659 38,TOO 25.445 5,208 105,792,580 26.051 5.428 106.262,452 26*409 5.381 101,970 38, 240 24,953 5,172 105,748,072 25,786 5.688 105*5.121 216 5*662 104*969 *029 264 5,507 105,2,034 25, 6 5,2 105.586,023 25,891 5,344 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagrlcultural Industries: Wags and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1.5T1 1.584 252 91,073 15,703 75,370 1.295 74,075 7.772 408 1.704 1.640 201 94,146 15,799 78*348 1.194 754 7,783 318 1.545 1.529 193 94,818 142 78.676 1*227 77,449 7*853 324 1,505 1,527 227 90.617 15.578 75.0 1.278 73,761 7,695 405 1.604 1,570 212 94,043 15*685 78*355 1*329 726 7*828 348 1*513 1.559 230 93*8 15*604 78*236 1*2 76.997 7,717 306 1.425 1.568 208 93,554 15,782 77, 772 1,181 76,591 7,829 324 1.569 1.569 187 94*122 159 78, 163 1*185 76,979 7,721 314 1,481 1,479 173 94,369 16,046 78,323 1.209 77,114 7,7 75 312 PERSONS AT WORK 4 Nonagrlcultural Industries Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Part time for noneconomic reasons 95.011 76,219 5,430 1.507 3.923 13.362 97,487 79,465 5,132 1.571 3,561 12,890 98,357 79,636 5,211 1,508 3,703 13,510 93,273 75.047 5,724 1,617 4,107 12. 502 96*500 78*496 5*491 1*654 3,837 12*514 96*848 78*659 5*300 1*589 3*711 12*889 96,921 78,799 5,324 1,749 3,576 12,797 96*448 78*291 5,496 1*675 3.821 12.662 96,577 78,459 5,479 1*606 3.873 12.6 38 1 Excludes persons "with a Job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, Illness, or Industrial dispute. Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures baaed on varying dafinltlona of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Psrcent) Quarterly averages Monthly data Measure 19S4 III IV I II III AUG. U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force U-2 Jeb losers as a percent of the civilian labor force 3.7 5.4 3. 1 4.7 2.7 4.2 2.4 3.8 2.3 3.8 2.3 3.7 2.3 3.7 3.8 U-3 -persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force U-4 full-time Jobseekers as a percent of the full-time civilian labor force U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, Including the resident Armed Forces 9.3 «;. 3 6.6 8. 3 8.4 7.8 U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force 8.5 7.9 7. 5 U-6 Total full-time Jobseekers plus % part-time Jobseekers plus '/> total on pan time for economic reasons as s percent of the civilian labor force less Vt of the part-time labor force U-7 Total fum-tlme Jobseekers plus V> part-time Jobseekers plus Vfc total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less </> of the part-time labor force 9.4 12.2 11.2 12.4 10.5 11. ft 9. 9 11.0 9.9 N. A. N.A. 9.9 N.A. N A. - not tvsilibi*.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed persons (In thousands) s' 196* nct. 1981 JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT, CHARACTERISTIC Total, 1$years and over Men, 16 years and over Men, 20 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 9,896 5,759 4*909 4,137 3*366 1.721 8.460 4.702 3,875 3,758 3,053 1,532 C.431 4,580 3,758 3,852 3,204 1.470 8.8 9.1 8.2 8.5 21.6 1 6.5 6.9 18.3 7.9 18.4 6.5 6.7 19.3 7.7 6.9 18.8 Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 2,330 1,688 668 1,900 1.575 603 1,866 1,595 629 11.4 4.5 5.6 9.6 4.6 9.6 4.4 6.0 10.5 4.6 10.0 4.6 10.5 Full-time workers Part-time workers Labor force time lost* 8,319 1,579 6.986 1,480 7,000 1.442 8.7 10. 0 10.0 6.7 10.3 8.3 9.6 8.7 7.. 9.6 8.5 9.4 8.5 9.1 8.6 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utitlties Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 7,443 121 871 2,080 1,309 771 3 2*086 1.872 829 292 6,264 98 796 1*681 934 748 375 1.771 1*544 761 278 33 114 780 1,6 929 1C9 323 1,702 1,576 752 237 9.0 12.1 1 9.6 13.2 8.7 9.8 6.9 5.1 16.2 14.8 5.2 5.4 4.1 11.8 14.7 6.7 8.6 7.8 4.5 14.6 10.3 14.0 6.9 8.3 6.2 7.8 4.3 12.8 8.6 13.8 8.4 8.2 5.6 4.5 15.0 10.9 13.5 7.9 5.3 7.9 4.5 13.8 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Aggregate hours- lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. Table A-7. Duration of unemployment (Mumpers in thousands) Weeks of unemployment "KT. Not seasonally adjusted 1584 JUNE Seasonally adjusted JULY AUG. SFPT. DURATION Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 3,477 2,600 3,306 1,200 2,106 3,493 2,318 2,2 883 1,356 3.421 2.286 2.282 963 1.319 3.504 2.725 3,655 1,372 2,283 3,174 2,294 2,619 1,008 1,611 3,462 2,490 2,689 1,100 1,589 3,555 2,333 2,606 1,113 1,493 3,286 2,5 2,600 1,085 1,515 3,4 31 2,9 2,530 1,099 1,431 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks 19.8 8.5 1 6.6 1 6.5 20.1 9.5 18.6 18.1 1 1 16.5 Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 3 27.7 35.2 12. * 22.4 43.4 28.8 27.8 11.C 16.8! CO. 0 42.8 28.6 21.6 12.1 16.5 35.5 2 3 13.9 23.1.2 28.4 32.4 12.5 19.9 40.1 28.8 31.1 12.7 18.4.9 2 30.7 13.1 1 100.3.0 30.1 30.9 12.9 18.0 133.D.0 28.7 30.3 13.2 1

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment (Numbers In thou8«nd») Not seasonally a4)uatod Seasonally adjusted Reason SCOT. JUNE JULY AUG. NUMBER OP UNEMPLOYED Job losars On layoff Other Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 4,971 1.0<»f» 3*873 935 2,43? 1,045 3,744 913 2,831 933 2,323 1,051 3.876 927 2.949 894 2.230 989 5*601 1*2 4,209 866 2*322 1*127 4.220 1.166 3.055 800 1.968 1.136 4.511 1.164 3.346 865 2.091 1*092 4*218 1*152 3,066 835 2*322 1.093 4,211 1*109 3*102 845 2,298 1,052 4,3 70 1.176 3.193 818 2*136 1.073 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 100.3 53.0 11.7.3 10.0 2 11.1 46.5 11.3 35.2 11.6 28.9 13.1 48.5 11.6 26.9 11.2 27.9 12.4 56.5 14.0 42.4 8.7 2 3.4 11.4 100.3 51.9 14.4 3 9.8 24.2 14.0 52.7 13.6.1 10. I 24.4 12.8 49.8 13.6 36.2 9.9 2 12.9 50.1 13.2 36.9 10.1 2 12.5 52.0 14.0 38.0 9.T 25.4 12.8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 4.5.8 2.2.9 3.3.8 2.0.9 3.4.8 2.0.9 5.0.8 2.1 1.0 3.7.7 1.7 1.0 4.0.8 1.8 1.0 3.7.7 2.0 t.o 3.7.7 2.0.9 3.8.7 1.9.9 Table A-9. persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sex and age Number of unemployed persons (In thousands) s' CCT. JUNE JULY AUG. Total, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Men, 16 years and over... 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over... Women, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over... 9,896 3.899 1*721 712 1*020 2,178 6,002 5,259 753 5,75* 2,209 950 374 579 1,259 3,552 3,074 492 4,137 1.690 771 338 4 919 2,450 2,185 271 8,46C 3.359 1.532 669 862 1.827 5,109 4*4 675 4,702 1*887 827 354 473 1,060 2*824 2.8 442 3,758 1.472 705 315 389 76 7 2,285 2,043 234 8,431 3,243 1*470 606 870 1,773 5,172 4,452 717 4,583 1,754 822 3 485 932 2,822 2,388 423 3,852 1,48V 648 267 385 8 2,349 2,064 294 8.8 1 21.6 24.0 20.3 13.6 6.8 5.0 9.1 1 22.5 24.3 21.6 14.7 5.4 8.5 15.1 20.5 23.6 18.8 l>.3 6.5 4.4 13.9 1 19.7 1 10.7 5.6 4.6 13.7 18.5 22.7 1 11.4 5.4 5.6 4.3 12.2 16.7 1 16.5 9.9 5.0 13.6 18.3 2C.5 16.7 11.3 6.2 4.4 14.6 20.6 23.0 18.8 11.7 4.6 12.5 1 17.9 14.4 10.8 6.5 4.2 14.0 18.4 21.4 16.7 11.8 4.6 14.3 18.6 22.1 16.5 12.3 5.5 4.6 7.9 13.7 18.2 20.6 16.9 11.4 6.6 4.4 14.1 19.3 21.3 17.9 11.5 4.5 14.8 19. 21. 19, 12, 5.5 5.6 5.0 13.2 18.6 21.4 16.8 10.4 3.9 13.6 18.8 20.1 18.0 11.1 4.8 13.9 20.2 21.5 19.3 10. <9 5.5 5.6 4.8 7.7 1-3.? 1 18.5 16.6 11.2 4.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Tabla A-10. Employmant atatua of black and other workara (Number* In thousands) Employment status Not seasonally adjusted CCT. 1*584 JUNE Seasonally adjusted' JULY AUG. Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio* Not In labor force 23,604 14,516 61.5 12.127 51.4 2,389 16.5 9,088 24,292 15,314 63.0 13,220 54.4 2,094 13.7 8,978 24,351 1J.436 63.4 13,336 54.8 2,100 13.6 8,915 23,604 14,528 61.5 12,096 51.2 2,432 16.7 9,076 23-989 I -<J o2.7 13,020 54.3 2,020 13.4 8,950 24,154 15,196 62.9 12,907 53.4 2,290 15.1 8,958 24,181 15,291 63.2 13,092 54.1 2,199 14.4 8,890 24,292 15,270 62.9 13, 150 54.1 2,120 13.9 9,022 24,351 15,426 6 3.3 13, 302 54.6 2, 124 13.8 8,925 ' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. Tabla A-11. Occupational atatua of tha amployad and unamployad, not aaaaonally adjuatad (Numbers In thousands) vhnnsfi empioyejd UntMitploytd Total, 18 years and over' 102,659 106,262 9,383 7,989 8.4 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty 23,863 10,8 13,022 25,219 11,657 1 3. 562 655 328 327 655 317 338 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.4 Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, Including clerical 31,800 3,114 12,084 16,602 32,723 3,214 12,747 16,763 1,986 159 794 1,034 1,666 94 732 840 4.8 6.2 4.8 2.8 5.4 4. 8 Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective 14,034 1,031 1,624 I- 11,378 14,214 991 1,744 11,479 1,748 88 123 1,538 1,9 65 100 1,255 11.1 7.8 11.9 9.1 6. I 5.4 9. 9 Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 12,745 4,196 4,554 3,994 13,305 4,423 4,784 4,098 1,133 301 512 321 8 188 451 202 8.2 6.7 10.1 4. 1 8.6 4. 7 Operators, fabricators, and laborers.«..'. Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 16,556 8,072 4,368 4,115 634 3,481 17,252 8,121 4,680 4,452 696 3, 756 2.C 1,122 456 812 138 673 2,040 972 431 636 142 495 12.6 12.2 9.5 16.5 17.9 16.2 10.6 10. 7 8.4 12. 5 16.9 11. 6 Farming, forestry, snd fishing 3,661 3,548 37C 305 9.2 7.9 'Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Tabla A-12. Employment atatua of mala Vlatnam-ara vatarana and nonvatarana by aga, not aoaaonally adjuatad (Numbart In thousand!) Civilian labor foroa Vataran atatua Civilian nonlnatltutlonal population Total PSfOSflt Of lat rct. VETERANS Total, 28 yaara and ovar 28toyaara 28 to 29 yaara 30 to 34 yaara 36 to yaara 40 yaara and ovar 7,892 75 623 2.0 36 3.116 2.117 7,923 5. 380 5 1,603 3, 362 2,543 7,6 5,536 581 1.94C 3,015 1,860 7,475 5,205 9 1,558 3,248 2,270 6,892 5,124 514 1,774 2,836 1,768 7,071 4,687 357 1,449 3,081 2,184 504 2 67 166 179 92 404 318 42 109 167 86 6.8 11.5 8.6 4.9 5.4 10.5 5.1 3.8 NONVBTIrUNt Total, 28 to yaara 28 to 29 yaara 30 to 34 yaara 36 to yaara 20,277 8,760 6,943 4,574 21,432 9,034 7,571 4,827 19,092 8,191 6,567 4,334 20,348 8,512 7,236 4,600 17,690 7,503 6,133 4,054 19,271 7,995 6,692 4,364 1,402 668 434 260 077 517 344 216 8.4 6.6 6.5 5.3 6. 1 4.6 4.7 NOTE: Mala Vlatnam-ara vatarana ara man who aarvad In tha Armad Foroar batwaan Auguat 6,1964 and May 7,1978. Nonvatarana ara man who hava navar aarvad In tha Arm- ad Foroaa; pubilahad data ara Mmltod to thoaa 28 to yaara of aga, tha group that moat eloaaly oorraaponda to tha bulk of tha Vlatnam-ara vataran population.

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for ten large States (Numbers in thousands) State and employment status California Oc t. Net smsommy MHwtMl' Sept. June July Aug. Sept. Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 18,905 12,352 11,356 996 8.1 19,199 12,678 11,723 955 19,230 12,7 54 11,866 888 18,905 12,333 11,279 1.054 8.5 19,116 12,683 11,726 957 19,143 12,646 11,610 1,036 8.2 19,169 12,665 11,697 968 19,199 12,690 11,6 1,049 8.3 Florida Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 8,400 4,990 4,559 431 8.6 8,604 5,184 4,865 319 6.2 8,624 5,1 4,779 360 7,0 8,400 4,938 4,537 401 8.1 8,347 3,020 4,682 338 6.7 8,566 5,080 4,723 357 8,584 5,084 4,765 319 8,604 5,109 4,804 305 6.0 Illinois Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 8,585 5,521 5,005 516 9.4 8,601 5,559 5,093 466 8.4 8,605 5,612 5,120 492 8.8 8,585 5,327 4,979 548 9.9 8,6 3,638 3,192 466 8.2 8,597 3,338 5,080 438 8.3 8,598 5,497 5,018 479 8.7 8,601 5,547 5,063 484 8.7 Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 4,494 3,014 2,820 194 4,516 3,048 2,910 137 4.5 4,519 3,054 2,949 104 3.4 4,494 2,991 2,787 204 6.8 4,309 3,061 2,943 118 3.9 4,511 3,0 2,912 129 4.2 4,513 3,038 2,883 155 5.1 4,516 3,052 2,914 138 4.5 Michigan Civiliannonlnstltutional population. 6,742 4,245 3,715 530 12.5 6,721 4,328 3,902 426 9.8 6,721 4,334 3,896 438 10.1 6,742 4,232 3,687 365 13.3 6,726 4,363 3,860 305 11.6 6,724 4,358 3,856 502 11.5 6,722 4,334 3,862 472 10.9 6,721 4,322 3,843 479 11.1 Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 5,766 3,652 3,435 218 6.0 5,806 3,751 3,532 218 5,811 3,771 3,579 192 5.1 3,766 3,661 3,403 236 7.C 5,794 3,777 3,585 192 3.1 5,798 3,812 3,564 248 5,801 3,807 3,573 234 5,806 3,804 3,369 235 6.2 New York Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 13,592 8,035 7,422 614 13,644 8,014 7,478 536 6.7 13,652 8,145 7,567 578 13,592 8,098 7,448 650 8.0 13,628 7,972 7,403 569 13,633 8,107 7,460 647 8.0 13,637 8,062 7,438 624 7.7 13,644 8,072 7,507 565 Ohio Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 8,051 5,159 4,611 548 10.6 8,051 5,159 4,708 451 8.7 8,053 5,185 4,712 473 9.1 8,051 3,110 4,543 567 11.1 8,050 5,072 4,616 456 9.0 8,050 5,1 4,693 446 8.7 8,050 5,100 4,598 502 9.8 8,051 5,145 4,670 475 9.2 Pennsylvania Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 9,194 5,585 5,053 532 9.5 9,215 5,497 5,018 479 8.7 9,219 5,558 5,102 4.6 8.2 9,194 3,532 4,960 572 10.3 9,208 5,581 5,102 479 8.6 9,210 5,542 4,995 547 9.9 9,212 5,451 4,885 566 10.4 9,215 5,483 4,962 521 9.5 Texas Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 11,353 7,661 7,129 532 *.9 11,638 8,075 7,605 470 11,667 8,051 7,628 423 5.3 ' These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates u*ed in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs. 11,353 7,666 7,092 574 11,559 8,011 7,629 382 4.8 11,585 8,097 7,602 495 11,610 8,036 7,581 455 11,638 8,058 7,608 450 5.6 'The population figures are not ad usted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical number;- appear In the unadjusted and the seasonally adlusted columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employaas on nonagricultural payrolls by Industry (In thousands) Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally equated Aug. Sept. June July Aug. Sept. Total 92,049 94,500 95,306 95,940 91,345 94,135 94,350 94,523 94,754 95,195 Total private 76,081 79,401 79,593 79,740 75,481 78,2 78,422 78,566 78,694 79,108 Goods-producing 24,302 25,548 25,582 25,505 23,895 24,974 25,059 25,098 25,005 25,071 Mining Oil and gas extraction 965 59 1,028 1,024 6.8 I 6.6 1,016 642.2 965 600 1,002 623 1,007 629 1,017 636 1,020 642 1,016 645 Construction General building contractors 4,285 1,105.0 4,670 1,214.9 4,654 1,201.9 4,651 1,19 4,044 1,053 4,343 1,135 4,356 1,133 4,356 1,132 4,374 1,140 4,388 1,140 Manufacturing Production workers 19,052 13,082 19,850 13,6 19,904 13,716 19,838 13,662 18,886 12,928 19,629 13,492 19,696 13,5 19,725 13,5 58 19,611 13,450 19,667 13,505 Durable goods Production workers 11,140 7,482 11,760 7,919 11,830 7,996 11,819 7,988 11,071 7,421 11,652 7,860 11,702 7,899 11,758 7,945 11,690 7,876 11,748 7,925 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal Industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 702 467 599 857 345 1,8 2,072 2,097 1,834.8 824.4 702 386.8 736.7 483.5 621.4 880.4 336.8 1,492.7 2,234 2,266 1,921 861 728 3 730, 485 622. 869 325.,504,,247.,281,,962. 884, 728. 7, 724 491 620 862 320 1,504 2,251 2,27 1,958.2 879.5 729.5 400.5 690 462 587 863 351 1,408 2,077 2,086 1,820 810 702 376 712 485 605 884 345 1,479 2,226 2,237 1,917 855 723 384 708 485 606 880 342 1,490 2,242 2,252 1,926 858 727 386 706 484 603 879 334 1,491 2,252 2,267 1,961 894 726 389 703 481 603 862 324 1,485 2,2 2,263 1,940 864 725 387 711 486 607 869 325 1,494 2,256-2,264 1,943 865 729 389 Nondurable goods Production workers 7,912 5,600 8,090 5,722 8,074 5,720 8,019 5,674 7,815 5,507 7,977 5,632 7,994 5,642 7,967 5,613 7,921 5,574 7,919 5,580 Food and Kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastlcrprdducts Leather and leather products 1,679. 72, 764, 1,204, 670, 1,310, 1,047. 194, 752. 213, 1,733. 68. 754. 1,207. 690. 1,367, 1,071. 190, 804. 201,,730.8 72.9 752,199 685,372,064 188 808 199,688.5 73.4,12 68,377.8,062.2 18 810.1 12 1,624 68 758 1,186 669 1,311 1,049 192 748 210 1,644 67 7 59 1,209 685 1,362 1,062 188 797 204 1,655 66 755 1,206 687 1,368 1,064 187 801 205 1,642 65 751 1,200 686 1,371 1,067 187 800 198 1,631 68 744 1,180 681 1,375 1,063 186 798 195 1,631 68 735 1,176 685 1,378 1,063 185 805 193 Service-producing 67,747 68,952 69,724 70,435 67,450 69,161 69,291 69,425 69,749 70,124 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communication and public utilities 5,098 2,821 2,277 5,220 2,924 2,296 5,263 2,986 2,277 5,285 3,014 2,271 5,053 2,776 2,277 5,163 2,883 2,280 5,175 2,896 2,279 5,202 2,924 2,278 5.211 2,936 2,275 5,238 2,967 2,271 Wholesale trade Durable goods Nondurable goods 5,344 3,118 2,226 5,571 3,291 2,280 5,602 3,295 2,307 5,637 3,312 2,325 5,322 3,113 2,209 5,502 3,249 2,253 5,528 3,268 2.260 5,544 3,278 2,266 5,585 3,292 2,293 5,612 3,305 2,307 Retail trade General merchandise stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Eating and drinking places 15,802 2,186.0 2,595.2 1,701.6 5,093.6 16,409 2,259.5 2,642.4 1,778.6 3,400.8 16,486 2,283.0 2,662.8 1,769.7 5,0.8 16,543 2,359.7 2,684.2 1,770.5 5,302.6 15,737 2,179 2,587 1,695' 5,071 16,245 2,295 2,6 1,751 5,199 16,283 2,301 2,648 1,762 5,211 16,295 2,303 2,640 1,758 5,238 16,3 2,315 2,65,0 1,754 5,253 16,477 2,353 2,676 1,763 5,276 Finance, insurance, end real estate Finance Insurance Real estate 5,508 2,770 1,722 1,016 5,760 2,881 1,768 1,111 5,707 2,863 1,763 1,081 5,709 2,872 1,768 1,069 5,512 2,769 1,725 1,018 5,676 2,858 1,752 1,066 5,676 2,854 1,759 1,063 5,679 2,850 1,763 1,066 5,684 2,857 1,765 1.062 5,712 2,869 1,772 1,071 Services Business services Health services 20,027 3,713.9 6,012.3 20,893 4,105.5 6,058.3 20,953 4,116.6 6,091.7 21,061 4,15 6,108.4 19,962 3,672 6,007 20,681 4,014 6,064 20,701 4,035 6,079 20,748 4,069 6,034 20,870 4,084 6,086 20,998 4,112 6,102 Government Federal State Local.. 15,968 2,742 3,747 9,479 15,099 2,818 3,513 8,768 15,713 2,757 3,658 9,298 16,200 2,755 3,820 9,625 15,864 2,760 3,667 9,437 15,894 15,928 2,777 2,779 3,699 3,697 9,8 9,452 15,957 2,785 3,714 9,458 16,060 2,785 3,729 9,546 16,087 2,772 3,738 9,577 p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. Sept P P June July Aug. Sept P P Total private 35.3 I 35.5 35.5 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.2 35.2 35.3 35.1 Mining 43.2 43.5 43.9 43.6 Construction... 3 38.5 38.5 37.9 Manufacturing Overtime hours 40.7 j 3.4 I 40.4 3.4 40.7 3.6 40.5 3.4 40.6 3.3 40.6 3.3 40.5 3.3 40.5 3.3 40.6 3.3 40.5 3.3 Durable goods Overtime hours.3 i 3.5!.0 3.5.4 3.7.2 3.6.2 3.4.2 3.5.2 3.5.2 3.4.5 3.5.3 3.5 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 40. 40. 42.. 40..3.0 I, 42. 44.1 i 40.6 I.8 40.0.6 42.2 40.8.3, 40,, 42, 40.4 40.2 42.3.5 40.1.4 42 42 43 40 42, 40 42 43, 40.5.8.8.6 40.8.2.2.1 42.5 44.1 40.7.4.1.8.7.1.3 42.0 40.8 42..3 43.1..3.8 40.8 42.2 42.4.3, 42 40 42.4 43.3.1 40.2 40.0.9.3.8.5 42, 42 43.8.5.6.5.7.5 40.0.4.9 40.9 42.3 43.4.3 Nondurable goods. Overtime hours..9 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.4.5 3.2.7 3.1.6 3.2.4 3.1.5 3.1.4 3.0.4 3.0 Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate.8 38.4 >.1 36.8 43.3 38.0.7 43.8.9 3 I.5 38 29 36 7 9 4 40.1.2 36 43, 37 43 36.7 38.8 30.6 3 40.,. 36, 43. 38,. 44.. 36,.9 38.8 30.0 36.6.8 40.0 36 43 37 43 36.2 38.7 29.7 3.6 40.8 36.6 43.2 37.9.7 43.6 3.4 38.6 30.0.8 40.0 3 42.9 37.7.9 43.1 36.7.6 38.6 30.2.5.8 3 43.3 37.7.9 43.2 3.8 38.6 29.9.7.4 36.0 43.1 37.8 42.0 43.9 36.0.4 38.7 29.9.7.2 36.0 43.1 37.9.7 43.1 36.6.8 38.8 29.9.6 38.9 3 42.9 37.9.8 43.4 3.1 38.6 29.8 Services 32 7 33.0 32.8 32.5 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.8 32.6 ' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonagricultural payrolls. ' This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p * preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervieory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. Sept 'P Aug. Sept. Total private S»a$onallyadlu$t*d $8.16 8.13 $8.30 8.34 $8.43 8. $8.42 8.40 $288.05 288 $294.65 293.57 $299.27 287 $295.54 294.84 11.33 11.57 11.65.11.58 489.46 503.30 511.44 504.89 CttOA 12.06 12.01 12.16 12.15 449.84 462. 468.16 460.49 staring 8.90 9.14 9.22 9.23 362.23 369.26 375.25 373.82 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal Industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 11.28 12.68 9.18 9.66 8.71 11.87 12.38 8.54 6.84 9.68 8.05 6.90 9.62 11.34 12.90 9.30 12.13 12.59 8.85 6.97 9.77 8.14 11.36 13.01 9.40 10.02 9.08 12.26 12.70 8.89 2 9.77 8.08 11.32 12.91 9.35 10.02 9.09 12.35 12.90 8.84 9 1.11 319.12 271.08 4.90 464.74 508.47 379.13 6.06 357.98 505.66 546 346.72 272.23 6.88 322.00 273.24 406 462.67 506.97 381.30 1.68 360 504.61 532.56 362.85 272.53 404.48 328.86 279. 405 471.44 521.70 389.16 420.84 373.19 517 547 369.82 277.99 402.52 320.78 279 404.46 465.25 506 389 7.83 371.78 522. 559.86 364.21 280.06 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products 8.12 8.16 10.11 9.23 10.79 13.38 8.08 5.56 8.37 8.36 10.75 6 5.53 10.50 9.42 11.13 13.32 8.28 5.67 8.43 8.36 10.36 9 5.61 10.54 9.51 11.24 13.53 8.29 3 8.44 8.35 10.29 9 5.59 10.56 9.50 11.27 13.43 8.31 6 323.99 324.77 370.56 256 198.72 437.76 350.74 449.94 586.04 338.55 206.83 331.45 335.24 421.40 256 200.74 451.50 352 464.12 584.75 342.79 209 334.67 336.91 1.29 251 202.52 454 362.33 470.96 598.03 344.86 209.15 333.38 332.33 1.60 254. 202.92 454.08 360.05 471.09 585.55 344.03 206 Transportation and public utilities 10.94 11.17 11.25 11.23 432.13 443.45 448.88 440.22 Wholesale trade 8.69 8.95 9.03 8.98 330 346 350.36 343 Retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real 9 5 4 7 0 7.77 0 7.73 173.12 271.18 178.70 275.55 170 284.38 175.23 280.60 3 3 7.71 7.72 242.96 248.49 252.89 250.90 See footnote 1, table B-2. p«preliminary. Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervieory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry (1977=100) Not i tad Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. Sept p. p Percent change from: - June July Aug. Sept. p p Percent ehango from: Sept. - Total private nonfarm: Current dollars Cortstant(1t77)do!tars Mmtng Construction Manufacturing Transportation and pubhc utnwes Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance. Insurance, and real estate 157, 94. 168, 147. 158. 158. 161, 151. 162.0 158./ 160, 93. 174, 146. 162. 161. 165. 153.1 164.6 161.6 161, 94. 175 148. 163 163. 167 154, 168.4 165.1 161.8 N.A. 17 148.4 163.7 163.4 16 154.1 16 164.7 2.9 (3) 4.4.8 3.2 2.8 3.3 1.6 3.4 3.8 15 94.7 145.5 158.7 158.5 151.9 158.7 160.3 95.2 <5) 14 162.3 162.1 153.8 162.5 160.8 95.2 146.6 162.9 162.6 154.0 163.4 160.6 94.1 146.6 163.3 161.9 153.6 162.8 161.7 94.3 146.9 163.4 162.9 154.3 165.1 161.6 N.A. 146.5 163.8 162.9 154.4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Percent change Is less than.»>5 p-j-crnt. 3 Percent change Is -0.3 percent from Sop fiai.t I9:j 11 September, the latest month available. 4 Percent change la.2 percent t.-no. AH>;-I< IM'.'tc September, the latest month available. 5 These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component Is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. N.A. - not available, p " preliminary. Digitized for FRASER 164.7 (4) -0.3.3.1 -.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTAYUiMWtNT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nanaf/tawitwr' payrolls by industry (1977» 100) Not seasonally ad usted Seasonally Industry Aug. Sept. Oct P P June July Aug. Sept P Oct. Total 109.4 115.1 115.1 114.4 108.3 112.6 112.7 113.3 113.2 Goods-producing 9 102.5 103.5 102.4 94.6 99.9 99.9 100.1 99.8 Mining 110.4 119.5 120.3 118.5 109.6 118.0 118.9 11 Construction.. 113.5 128.4 128.2 12 104.1 115.6 11 11 Manufacturing 93.3 6 98.0 9 92.1 0 1 2 9 9 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 90. 97 101. 88 69. 60 87. 85 106. ^ 91. 86. 105. 86. 95.3 101.1 102.6 92.1 71.8 58 92 95 113 92 85 108 86 97. 101, 104. 92. 72. 57, 94. 97, 116. 90. 110. 89. 98, 105. 91, 70, 55 94. 97, 114, 97, 91. 110. 89. 89 95 98 85 71 62 86. 86 105, 89 84. 105 82. 95.1 9 101.5 88.6 73.9 62.7 91.8 5 112.8 94.4 87.4 109.6 84.8 95.5 95.1 103.6 88.8 73.0 60 92 97 113 94 86 109 85 95. 101. 88. 72. 58, 92. 98, 114. 97. 93. 108. 85. 9 9 102.8 88.2 70 56 92 97 115 96 89 109 86 102.8 88 72 57 93 97 114 96 88.8 110.4 85.2 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products. Leather and leather products Service-producing Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Services ' See footnote 1, table B-2. 9 100.5 100.6 85.1 93.6 97.9 112.1 94 2 91.7 107 3 82.8 116.2 103.6 110.5 108.1 120.4 128.5 98.7 10 94.3 80 92 100. 117 87 113, 76 122.1 106.9 11 114.6 12 135.0 98. 106. 104. 80. 91. 100. 118. 88. 114. 75. 121.5 108.3 116.6 112.8 125.4 134.4 9 101.8 106 78 91 100, 118 95 89 114. 73 121.0 10 11 111.9 124.4 134.2 95, 95 88 83 91 97. Ill 94. 89 106. 81 11 102.4 109.7 107.8 120.8 128.3 p = p-eliminary. 97 97 92 82 92 99 116 1 84.5 113.5 77.8 119.7 105.2 113.7 111.9 124.0 132.4 96 98 88 81 90 100 11 9 84.7 113.4 78.9 119.7 10 114.4 111.0 124.7 132.5 97. 88. 79. 90. 100. 117. 86. 112. 73. 119.7 10 114.9 111.1 124.2 132.4 9 7 92.3 78.8 89.4 99.1 118, 95, 84, 112, 73. 120.7 106.7 11 111.3 125.3 134.1 95. 93, 77. 89. 99. 118. 86. 113. 71. 120.6 105.4 11 111.7 124.6 134.0 Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased Thne span Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sa*. Nov. Dec. ill ill ill ill 2 54.3 71.1 25.1 46.8 82.2 19.2 50.8 81.9 21.6 49.5 86.5 4 46.5 73.2 27.8 5 80.5 22.2 63.0 82.7 21.4 54.3 81.9 3 60.8 6 27.8 64.1 76.5 21.9 69.2 79.7 1 61.9 78.9p 31.1 68.9 63.8 2 75.1 71.1 24.6 75.1 75.4 18.1 71.1 75. 4p.1 69.5 64.1 2 7 68.4 20.3 80.0 69.2 16.2 7 33.5 64<6 63.0 28.6 77.8 68.9 21.4 82.4 62.7p 18.1 79.5 34.6 74.3 62.4 23.5 74.1 63.5 21.4 84.1 61.4p 21.1 83.8 32.4 68.6 5 24.1 81.6 5p 18.6 82.4 21.1 88.1 3 69.5 40.3p 26.5 80.8 54. 9p 23.2 84.6 25.1 86.8 28.9 75.4 65.4p 2 78.9 2 8 31.6 8 32.4 69.7 27.8 79.5 29.5 86.8 34.1 85.4 4 73.8.6 7 35.4 83.8 40.3 8 Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1.3. and 6 month spans, on payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries, p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans.