Demographics Section
Demographics Date last updated: Refresh cycle: Demographics are the statistical data of a population. Age, income, education, sex and race are all examples of demographic characteristics. This information can be used for health service planning and to help understand the health status of a population. It is also important to look at health outcomes, risk factors and resources by demographic characteristics to determine if there are disparities (differences) among groups in the population. Population Age, Sex, and Race Language Employment Households, Income, and Poverty Section - 3
Population Population is the number of individuals in a geographic area or a with a particular characteristic at a given time. The study of populations, their size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics, can provide valuable clues on its vitality and probability for future success. In light of this, the subsequent pages of this section will detail the characteristics of the population of Ingham County, Michigan. Ingham County was established in 1829 and includes ive unincorporated areas, three villages, ive cities, and sixteen townships. Its largest city is Lansing (the state capital), but the county seat is in Mason. According to 2015 U.S. Census estimates, 286,085 people live in Ingham County. This makes it the state s seventh most populous county. Figure 1. Municipality Population Proportion in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 2. Municipality Population Proportion in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics -
Population Map 1. Number of residents by municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 5
Personal Characteristics > Sex & Age The number of people and their age, sex, and race and ethnicity are the simplest demographic characteristics that we collect, however its simplicity ought not to be taken for granted. A variety of policy and programming decisions (i.e. are new schools needed and where should they be located; or do disparities exist in service delivery among certain population group) rely on this information In the age category we will report on some relatively unfamiliar statistics: age dependency ratio; child dependency ratio; and old age dependency ratio. These ratios are used to determine whether a population has too many non-productive persons (i.e., young and/or old) relative to the working-age population (18-64 years old), The higher this ratio, the greater the burden of support on working people in speci ic geographic areas. Figure 3. Sex proportions in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 5. Age Ratios in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 4. Age groups in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 6
Personal Characteristics > Age Figure 6. Age Ratios in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 7. Municipality Population Proportion in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 7
Personal Characteristics > Age Map 2. Percentage of residents 18 years old or older by municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 8
Personal Characteristics > Age Map 3. Percentage of residents 65 years old or older by municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 9
Personal Characteristics > Race/Ethnicity Figure 8. Race/Ethnicity in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 9. Race/ethnicity by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 10
Education > School Enrollment One of the most important characteristic that affects an individual's prosperity in life is education. This section discusses two types of educational statistics: school enrollment and educational attainment. School enrollments statistics are used to analyze the demographic, social and economic characteristics and needs of school-age children and to understand the continuing education needs of adults. The population for school enrollment is individuals above the age of three years old. Educational attainment refers to the highest level of education that an individual has completed. This is distinct from the level of schooling that an individual is attending. Education attainment statistics are provided for the adult population 25 years old or older. Figure 10. School enrollment in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 11. Proportion of students in Public and Private Schools in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 12. Level of Educational Achievement among Adults* by Age Group in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 13. Level of Educational Achievement among Adults* by Race/ethnicity in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 11
Education > Educational Attainment Figure 14. Median Earning by Level of Educational Achievement among Adults* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 15. Education Attainment of HS Diploma or higher by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 12
Education > Educational Attainment Figure 17. Education Attainment of Bachelor Degree or higher by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 13
Education > Educational Attainment Map 4. Educational Attainment of HS Diploma or higher by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 14
Education > Educational Attainment Map 5. Educational Attainment of Bachelor Degree or higher by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 15
Language The ability of an individual to navigate through society; contribute to that society; and obtain what they need to live is strongly associated with their ability to communicate. In a variety of services, especially social services, there are many examples of language being a barrier to an individual obtaining care in a timely manner Consequently, the prevalence of non-english speakers or foreign-born persons who may be functional, but not pro icient in English is an important piece of information for public policy. Figure 18. Language spoken at home among residents* in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 19. Language spoken at home by Age Group among residents* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 20. Language spoken at home by Natality among residents* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 21. Language spoken at home by household poverty level among residents* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 16
Language Figure 22. Language spoken at home by Educational Attainment among residents* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 23. Language Spoken at home by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 17
Language Map 6. Language Other than English spoken at home by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 18
Employment The inancial assets and the resources they fund are generated, by most individuals in the county, through employment. Consequently, employment statistics are useful statistics to evaluate a population s ability to acquire the resources necessary for daily life. The American Community Survey uses several speci ic calculations to discuss employment (i.e. unemployment rate and labor force participation rate). The labor force participation rate represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force (people who are either employed or looking for work. The labor force does not include most students, homemakers, retired workers, and seasonal workers in an off season who were not looking for work). The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the civilian labor force. The unemployment rate does not include discouraged workers who are de ined as individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for work. The unemployment rate also does not include the underemployed which refers to individuals who are working part-time but would like to be employed full-time. Figure 24. Employment statistics among residents* in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 25. Labor Force Participation and Unemployment Rates by Age Group among residents* in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates Demographics - 19
Employment Figure 26. Labor Force Participation and Unemployment Rates by Age Group among residents* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 27. Labor Force Participation and Unemployment Rates by Age Group among residents* in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 20
Employment Figure 28. Labor Force Participation Rate by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 29. Unemployment Rate by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 21
Employment Map 7. Labor Force Participation Rate by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 22
Employment Map 8. Unemployment Rate by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 23
Households, Income, & Poverty A household is one or more individuals living in the same housing unit. There are a variety of households in Michigan and Ingham County. Most households consist of families, but some are non-family (with a single person or a group). Households can be stable or at risk of deprivation. The main indicator we use to evaluate household deprivation is the annual income of that household. Typically, the larger the income, the less likely that household is at risk of deprivation. Evaluating household deprivation based on income alone, is an acceptable, but imperfect measure. A better measure, although it itself is limited, is the federal poverty level (FPL). The Census Bureau uses a set of income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If the total income for a family or unrelated individual falls below the relevant poverty threshold, then the family (and every individual in it) or unrelated individual is considered in poverty. The of icial poverty level is so understated that many government and nonpro it agencies use multiples of the FPL to determine eligibility for assistance programs (i.e. 138% of FLP 200%FPL). Another, more robust measure is the ALICE measure. ALICE is an acronym for Asset-Limited Income Constrained and Employed. It represents the minimum income level necessary for survival for a household. The Household Survival Budget is a minimal estimate of the total cost of ive household essentials housing, child care, food, transportation, and health care, plus taxes and a 10 percent contingency. When combined, both the prevalence of ALICE households and those that are below the FPL results in a more accurate measure of households that struggle inancially. Figure 30. Household types in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 31. Household type by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 24
Households, Income, & Poverty > Households Figure 32. Median Household Income by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 33. Percent of Residents below Federal Poverty Level by Race Ethnicity in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Esti- Demographics - 25
Households, Income, & Poverty > Poverty Figure 34. Percent of Residents below Federal Poverty Level by Educational Attainment* in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 36. Percent of Residents below Federal Poverty Level by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Figure 35. Percent of Residents below Federal Poverty Level by Employment Status* in Ingham County and Michigan, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 26
Households, Income, & Poverty > Poverty Map 9. Percent of Residents below Federal Poverty Level by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 27
Households, Income, & Poverty > Poverty Map 10. Percent of Residents under 18 years old below Federal Poverty Level by Municipality in Ingham County, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Demographics - 28
Households, Income, & Poverty > ALICE Figure 37. Percent of ALICE Households* in Ingham County and Michigan, 2012 Figure 36. Percent of Struggling households* by Municipality in Ingham County, 2012 Figure 38. monthly household survival budget for single adults and families in Ingham County and Michigan, 2012 *Struggling households =ALICE Households + Household with an Income below the federal poverty level Demographics - 29