EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics May

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Ann McLaughlin, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of. Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back cover. Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 242. Subscription price per year $22 domestic and $27.5 foreign. Single copy $8.5 domestic and $1.63 foreign. Annual supplement $14 domestic and $17.5 foreign. Prices are subject to change by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering information call (22) 7833238. Calendar of Features In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment and Earnings, special features appear in most of the issues as shown below. Household data Annual averages Union affiliation Revised seasonally adjusted series Jan. Jan. Jan., Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans, family relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitannonmetropolitan and povertynonpoverty area data Jan.,, July, Oct. Establishment data National annual averages: Communications on material in this publication should be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 2212, or phone: Gloria P. Green (22) 5231959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of Documents. Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at additional mailing addresses. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. ISSN 13684 Industry divisions (preliminary) Industry detail (final) Women employees (final) National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new seasonal adjustment factors Revised historical national data State and area annual averages Area definitions State and area labor force data Annual averages Jan. June Supplement 1 May May May 1 The latest supplement was published in July.

Employment and Earnings Vol. 35 No. 5 May Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein Editors' Note The national establishmentbased series on employment, hours, and earnings in the June issue will reflect the annual revision to new benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Contents List of statistical tables 2 Employment and unemployment developments, April 5 Statistical tables: Historical Household data 7 Establishment data: Employment 45 Hours and earnings 81 Not seasonally adjusted Household data 1 Establishment data: Employment: National 46 State and area 62 Hours and earnings: National 84 State and area 16 State and area labor force data 116 Seasonally adjusted Household data 37 Establishment data: Employment 58 Hours and earnings 13 Productivity data 112 Annual averages States and areas 122 Area definitions 15 Explanatory notes 157 Page

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Employment Status A 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date 7 A 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date. 8 A 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date. 9 A 4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race... 1 A 5. Employment status of the blackandother civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age. 13 A 6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 14 A 7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. 15 A 8. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age. 17 A 9. Employed and unemployed fulland parttime workers by sex, age, and race, 18 A1. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship. 19 Characteristics of the Unemployed Al 1. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex 2 A12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex 21 Al3. Unemployed persons by industry and sex 22 A14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race 23 Al5. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment 24 A16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 24 A17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment 25 Al8. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment 26 A19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used 27 A2. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used 27 Characteristics of the Employed A21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex 28 A22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age 29 A23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex 3 A24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker 31 A25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation 32 A26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status 32 A27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry 33 A28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status. 33 A29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full or parttime status 34 A3. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor parttime status 35 A31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full or parttime status 36 Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data A32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted 37 A33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 38 A34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted 39 A35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 4 A36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 41 A37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 41 A38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 42 A39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 42 A4. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 43 A41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 43

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA Page Employment National B 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date. 45 B 2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry...... 46 B 3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group. 57 B 4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted.. 58 B 5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 59 B 6. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 6 B 7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted. 61 Employment States and Areas B 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry. 62 Hours and Earnings National C 1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date... 81 C 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry. 84 C 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing............ ^QQ C 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls. 11 C 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars 12 C 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 13 C 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted. 14 C 7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted. 15 Hours and Earnings States and Areas C 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas.... 16 PRODUCTIVITY DATA C 9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted 112 C1. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted 113 Cll. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates. 114 MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA D 1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas.... 116

ANNUAL AVERAGES ESTABLISHMENT DATA States and Areas, 198587 Employment Page 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry. 122 Hours and Earnings 2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas. 14 ANNUAL AVERAGES STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA States and Areas, 198687 3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas. 145

Employment and Unemployment Developments, April Employment rose and unemployment declined further in April. Both the overall and the civilian worker jobless rates edged down to percent. Nonagricultural payroll employment as measured by the monthly survey of business establishments rose by 175, in April. Total civilian employment as estimated through the monthly survey of households showed an increase of about 6,, following a decline of about half that amount in the prior month. Over the past 12 months, the employment estimates from the establishment and the household surveys have risen by and million, respectively. Unemployment About million persons were unemployed in April, almost 2, fewer than in March (after seasonal adjustment). Practically all of the improvement resulted from a decline in the number of unemployed persons who had lost their last jobs. The civilian worker unemployment rate declined by percentage point over the month to percent. (See tables A33 and A41.) Unemployment resumed its downward trend in late, following several months of little or no change. Since October, the jobless total has fallen by more than half a million and the jobless rate by more than half a percentage point. Nearly all of the MarchtoApril decline in unemployment occurred among adult men, as their jobless rate fell threetenths of a point to percent. The jobless rate for adult women, which had declined in March, was unchanged at percent, while rates for the other major demographic groups teenagers (1 percent), whites ( percent), blacks (1 percent), and Hispanics (9.3 percent) were little changed. (See tables A33 and A34.) The median duration of unemployment declined by a full week to weeks, the lowest level since early 198. (See table A4.) Civilian employment and the labor force Total civilian employment rose by 61, on a seasonally adjusted basis in April to a level of 11 million. This followed a decline of 3, in March. The percentage of the total civilian population that was working the employmentpopulation ratio was a record 6 percent. (See table A33.) The civilian labor force also rebounded in April. It rose by 42, to 12 million, returning to about the February level. As a result, the labor force participation rate rose twotenths of a percentage point to 6 percent. Over the year, the labor force grew by million, with adult women comprising about 3 out of every 5 added workers. (See table A33.) Industry payroll employment Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased by 175, in April to a level of 1 million, seasonally adjusted. This growth followed gains averaging 35, during the first quarter. April's rather modest growth featured renewed strength in both manufacturing and mining. (See table B4.) In the goodsproducing sector, factory jobs rose by 45,, mostly in industries which have increased their exports in recent months. Two component industries fabricated metal products and machinery accounted for half of the gain. Mining posted an unusually strong pickup of 15,. Construction employment, which had posted substantial gains in the previous 2 months, was unchanged in April on a seasonally adjusted basis. In the serviceproducing sector, the services industry showed a modest employment gain of 55,, with much of the increase in health services. Wholesale trade continued its pattern of consistent job growth, rising by 15, in April, and by 175, over the year. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate also increased, with the insurance component accounting for most of the gain. There was little growth in retail trade, government, and transportation and public utilities. Weekly hours The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose.3 hour in April to 3 hours, seasonally adjusted. Similarly, the manufacturing workweek increased hour to 41. Factory overtime rose.3 hour to hours, matching the historically high level attained last October. These seasonally adjusted increases, however, may overstate the underlying movement, because of technical factors associated with the way the seasonal adjustment process deals with the timing of Easter week. (See table C5.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 12 (1977 = 1), climbed 1. percent in April, after seasonal adjustment. The manufacturing index rose.8 percent to 96. (See table C6.)

Hourly and weekly earnings Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers increased.5 percent in April, seasonally adjusted, while average weekly earnings climbed by percent, largely reflecting the increase in the workweek. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings rose by 3 cents to $92, and average weekly earnings jumped $ to $32.86. (See tables Cl and C7.) The Hourly Earnings Index The Hourly Earnings Index (He) was 177.6 (1977=1) in April, seasonally adjusted, an increase of.5 percent from March. For the 12 months ended in April, the increase was percent. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 1. percent during the 12month period ending in March. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (See table C7.) Scheduled Release Dates Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the following dates: Reference month Release date Reference month Release date May June 3 August September 2 June July 8 September October 7 July August 5 October November 4

HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL A1. Employment status of the nonlnstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date (Numbers in thousands) Labor force Year and month Noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Total Resident Armed Forces Total Employed Civilian Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Not in labor force 1954.. 1955.. 1956.. 1957.. 1958.. 1959.. 11,463 111,747 112,919 114,213 115,574 117,117 65,785 67,87 68,517 68,877 69,486 7,157 59.6 6. 6.7 6.3 6 59.9 62,251 64,234 65,764 66,19 64,883 66,418 2,142 2,64 1,965 1,948 1,847 1,788 Annual averages 6,19 62,17 63,799 64,71 63,36 64,63 6,25 6,45 6,283 5,947 5,586 5,565 53,94 55,722 57,514 58,123 57,45 59,65 3,532 2,852 2,75 2,859 4,62 3,74 44,678 44,66 44,42 45,336 46,88 46,96 I96 1. 1961.. 1962 1. 1963.. 1964.. 1965.. 1966.. 1967.. 1968.. 1969.. 119,16 12,671 122,214 124,422 126,53 128,459 13,18 132,92 134,281 136,573 71,489 72,359 72,675 73,839 75,19 76,41 77,892 79,565 8,99 82,972 6. 6. 59.5 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.8 6 6.3 6.8 67,639 67,646 68,763 69,768 71,323 73,34 75,17 76,59 78,173 8,14 1,861 1,9 2,61 2,6 2,18 1,946 2,122 2,218 2,253 2,238 65,778 65,746 66,72 67,762 69,35 71,88 72,895 74,372 75,92 77,92 5,458 5,2 4,944 4,687 4,523 4,361 3,979 3,844 3,817 3,66 6,318 6,546 61,759 63,76 64,782 66,726 68,915 7,527 72,13 74,296 3,852 4,714 3,911 4,7 3,786 3,366 2,875 2,975 2,817 2,832 6.5 47,617 48,312 49,539 5,583 51,394 52,58 52,288 52,527 53,291 53,62 197.. 1971.. 1972 1. 1973 1. 1974.. 1975.. 1976. 1977. 1978 1. 1979.. 139,23 142,189 145,939 148,87 151,841 154,831 157,818 16,689 163,541 166,46 84,889 86,355 88,847 91,23 93,67 95,453 97,826 1,665 13,882 16,559 61. 6.7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8,796 81,34 83,966 86,838 88,515 87,524 9,42 93,673 97,679 1,421 2,118 1,973 1,813 1,774 1,721 1,678 1,668 1,656 1,631 1,597 78,678 79,367 82,153 85,64 86,794 85,846 88,752 92,17 96,48 98,824 3,463 3,394 3,484 3,47 3,515 3,48 3,331 3,283 3,387 3,347 75,215 75,972 78,669 81,594 83,279 82,438 85,421 88,734 92,661 95,477 4,93 5,16 4,882 4,365 5,156 7,929 7,46 6,991 6,22 6,137 7.6 54,315 55,834 57,91 57,667 58,171 59,377 59,991 6,25 59,659 59,9 198. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985... 1986 1..... 169,349 171,775 173,939 175,891 178,8 179,912 182,293 184,49 18,544 11,315 111,872 113,226 115,241 117,167 119,54 121,62 64 6 6 6 6 65 6 6 1,97 12,42 11,194 12,51 16,72 18,856 111,33 114,177 1,64 1,645 1,668 1,676 1,697 1,76 1,76 1,737 99,33 1,397 99,526 1,834 15,5 17,15 19,597 112,44 3,364 3,368 3,41 3,383 3,321 3,179 3,163 3,28 95,938 97,3 96,125 97,45 11,685 13,971 16,434 19,232 7,637 8,273 1,678 1,717 8,539 8,312 8,237 7,425 7. 7.5 9.5 9.5 7.4 7 6 6,86 61,46 62,67 62,665 62,839 62,744 62,752 62,888 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2 : April May June July August September October... November December 184,79 184,259 184,421 184,65 184,738 184,94 185,52 185,225 185,37 121,98 121,633 121,326 121,61 122,42 121,76 122,128 122,349 122,472 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 66 66 113,541 114,6 114,18 114,359 114,786 114,615 114,951 115,259 115,494 1,735 1,726 1,718 1,72 1,736 1,743 1,741 1,755 1,75 111,86 112,334 112,3 112,639 113,5 112,87? 113,21 113,54 113,744 3,25 3,269 3,192 3,212 3,143 3,184 3,249 3,172 3,215 18,556 19,65 19,18 19,427 19,97 19,688 19,961 11,332 11,529 7,557 7,573 7,38 7,251 7,256 7,91 7,177 7,9 6,978 62,981 62,626 63,95 62,995 62,696 63,198 62,924 62,876 62,898 : January... February... March April 185,571 185,75 185,847 185,964 122,924 123,84 122,639 123,55 6 6 6 6 115,878 116,145 115,839 116,445 1,749 1,736 1,736 1,732 114,129 114,49 114,13 114,713 3,293 3,228 3,24 3,228 11,836 111,182 11,899 111,485 7,46 6,938 6,81 6,61 62,647 62,621 63,28 62,99 1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes. 2 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data (shown in tables A1 through A3 and A32 through A53) for the most recent 5year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL A2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date (Numbers in thousands) Labor force Sex, year, and month Noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Total Resident Armed Forces Employed Civilian Total Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Not in labor force Annual averages 1977 1978 1 1979 MEN 76,756 78,17 79,59 59,959 61,151 62,215 78 7 78 56,291 58,1 59,96 1,563 1,531 1,489 54,728 56,479 57,67 2,671 2,718 2,686 52,57 53,761 54,921 3,667 3,142 3,12 6 5 16,797 16,956 17,293 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1 8,877 82,23 83,52 84,64 85,156 86,25 87,349 88,476 62,932 63,486 63,979 64,58 65,386 65,967 66,973 67,784 77.8 77.4 77. 7 7 76.7 76.7 7 58,665 58,99 57,8 58,32 6,642 61,447 62,443 63,684 1,479 1,512 1,529 1,533 1,551 1,556 1,551 1,577 57,186 57,397 56,271 56,787 59,91 59,891 6,892 62,17 2,79 2,7 2,736 2,74 2,668 2,535 2,511 2,543 54,477 54,697 53,534 54,83 56,423 57,356 58,381 59,564 4,267 4,577 6,179 6,26 4,744 4,521 4,53 4,11 7 9.7 9.7 7.3 6 17,945 18,537 19,73 19,484 19,771 2,58 2,376 2,692 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2 : April May June July August September October November December 88,271 88,361 88,442 88,534 88,598 88,683 88,756 88,849 88,924 67,64 67,82 67,623 67,671 67,937 67,776 67,947 68,19 68,3 7 76.7 76.5 7 76.7 7 7 7 76.5 63,39 63,543 63,543 63,711 63,916 63,949 64,48 64,174 64,245 1,575 1,566 1,559 1,561 1,575 1,581 1,58 1,593 1,589 61,815 61,977 61,984 62,15 62,341 62,368 62,468 62,581 62,656 2,68 2,594 2,53 2,547 2,489 2,547 2,569 2,491 2,523 59,27 59,383 59,454 59,63 59,852 59,821 59,899 6,9 6,133 4,214 4,259 4,8 3,96 4,21 3,827 3,899 3,845 3,785 2,667 2,559 2,819 2,863 2,661 2,97 2,89 2,83 2,894 : January February March April 89,33 89,99 89,168 89,225 68,243 68,343 68,148 68,445 7 76.7 7 76.7 64,396 64,636 64,332 64,892 1,588 1,577 1,573 1,569 62,88 63,59 62,759 63,323 2,593 2,51 2,474 2,467 6,216 6,548 6,285 6,856 3,847 3,77 3,816 3,553 2,79 2,756 21,2 2,78 Annual averages 1977 1978 1 1979 WOMEN 83,932 85,434 86,951 4,75 42,731 44,343 48.5 5. 51. 37,381 39,669 41,325 92 1 18 37,289 39,569 41,217 612 669 661 36,677 38,9 4,556 3,324 3,61 3,18 8 7 43,227 42,73 42,68 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1 88,472 89,751 9,887 91,827 92,924 93,886 94,944 96,13 45,611 46,829 47,894 48,646 49,855 51,2 52,568 53,818 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 56 42,241 43,133 43,395 44,19 46,61 47,49 48,861 5,494 124 133 139 143 146 15 155 16 42,117 43, 43,256 44,47 45,915 47,259 48,76 5,334 656 667 665 68 653 644 652 41,461 42,333 42,591 43,367 45,262 46,615 48,54 49,668 3,37 3,696 4,499 4,457 3,794 3,791 3,77 3,324 7.4 7.9 9.4 9 7.6 7.4 7 42,861 42,922 42,993 43,181 43,68 42,686 42,376 42,195 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2 : April May June July August September October November. December. 95,88 95,898 95,979 96,71 96,14 96,221 96,295 96,376 96,446 53,494 53,831 53,73 53,939 54,15 53,93 54,181 54,33 54,442 5 56 5 56 5 5 5 5 5 5,151 5,517 5,475 5,648 5,87 5,666 5,93 51,85 51,249 16 16 159 159 161 162 161 162 161 49,991 5,357 5,316 5,489 5,79 5,54 5,742 5,923 51,88 642 675 662 665 654 637 68 681 692 49,349 49,682 49,654 49,824 5,55 49,867 5,62 5,242 5,396 3,343 3,314 3,228 3,291 3,235 3,264 3,278 3,245 3,193 6 6 6 42,314 42,67 42,276 42,132 42,35 42,291 42,114 42,46 42,4 : January February... March April 96,538 96,66 96,679 96,739 54,681 54,74 54,491 54,61 5 56.7 5 56.5 51,482 51,59 51,57 51,553 161 159 163 163 51,321 51,35 51,344 51,39 7 717 73 761 5,621 5,633 5,614 5,629 3,2 3,231 2,985 3,57 41,857 41,866 42,188 42,129 1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes. The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL A3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date (Numbers in thousands) Year and month Civilian noninstitutional population Total Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rates Total Men Women Annual averages 1954. 1955. 1956. 1957. 1958. 1959. 18,321 19,683 11,954 112,265 113,727 115,329 63,643 65,23 66,552 66,929 67,639 68,369 58.8 59.3 6. 59.6 59.5 59.3 6,19 62,17 63,799 64,71 63,36 64,63 3,532 2,852 2,75 2,859 4,62 3,74 4 4 I96 1 1961. 1962 1 1963. 1964. 1965. 1966. 1967. 1968. 1969. 117,245 118,771 12,153 122,416 124,485 126,513 128,58 129,874 132,28 134,335 69,628 7,459 7,614 71,833 73,91 74,455 75,77 77,347 78,737 8,734 59.4 59.3 58.8 58.7 58.7 58.9 59 59.6 59.6 6 65,778 65,746 66,72 67,762 69,35 71,88 72,895 74,372 75,92 77,92 3,852 4,714 3,911 4,7 3,786 3,366 2,875 2,975 2,817 2,832 6.7 3 7 6.5 197. 1971. 1972 1 1973 1 1974. 1975. 1976. 1977. 1978 1 1979. 137,85 14,216 144,126 147,96 15,12 153,153 156,15 159,33 161,91 164,863 82,771 84,382 87,34 89,429 91,949 93,77 r 96,158 99,9 12,251 14,962 6.4 6 6.4 6.8 6 61 6 6 6 6 78,678 79,367 82,153 85,64 86,794 85,846 88,752 92,17 96,48 98,824 4,93 5,16 4,882 4,365 5,156 7,929 7,46 6,991 6,22 6,137 8.5 7.7 7 6 7.9 7 5 6.7 9.3 8.6 8 7 198. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986 1. 167,745 17,13 172,271 174,215 176,383 178,26 18,587 182,753 16,94 18,67 11,24 111,55 113,544 115,461 117,834 119,865 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 99,33 1,397 99,526 1,834 15,5 17,15 19,597 112,44 7,637 8,273 1,678 1,717 8,539 8,312 8,237 7,425 7 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5 7 7. 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.4 7. 7.4 7.9 9.4 9 7.6 7.4 7 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2 : April May June July August September October November December. 182,344 182,533 182,73 182,885 183,2 183,161 183,311 183,47 183,62 119,363 119,97 119,68 119,89 12,36 119,963 12,387 12,594 12,722 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 111,86 112,334 112,3 112,639 113,5 112,872 113,21 113,54 113,744 7,557 7,573 7,38 7,251 7,256 7,91 7,177 7,9 6,978 6 6 6 6 6 : January February... March April 183,822 183,969 184,111 184,232 121,175 121,348 12,93 121,323 6 6 6 6 114,129 114,49 114,13 114,713 7,46 6,938 6,81 6,61 1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes. 2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) April Civilian labor force Not in labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Employed Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons TOTAL 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 184,232 14,598 7,368 7,23 18,513 1,95 42,57 21,37 21,2 34,59 18,764 15,826 23,853 12,831 11,22 21,641 1,835 1,86 28,53 9,834 7,679 11,17 12,264 7,357 3,7 4,35 14,248 83,513 35,34 17,649 17,655 29,229 15,895 13,333 18,981 1,573 8,48 11,844 7,141 4,73 3,32 1,946 862 494 6 5.4 4.8 6 77. 8 83 8 8 8 8 8 79.6 8 7 5 6 4 1 19.8 11 113,95 6,239 2,454 3,785 13,28 79,956 33,59 16,689 16,821 28,93 15,27 12,822 18,354 1,191 8,163 11,45 6,875 4,575 3,233 1,96 846 482 6,359 1,118 553 566 1,22 3,558 1,795 961 834 1,136 625 512 627 383 244 394 265 129 69 4 15 13 1 18.4 1 8.6 5 2 2 63,968 7,241 4,361 2,88 4,265 17,437 7,23 3,657 3,546 5,362 2,869 2,493 4,872 2,258 2,614 9,797 3,694 6,12 25,228 7,889 6,816 1,524 28,167 372 86 286 1,517 12,96 5,55 2,447 2,68 3,736 2,29 1,715 3,36 1,572 1,734 4,883 2,155 2,728 9,299 2,963 2,552 3,785 9,669 6,416 4,92 2,324 2,15 1,196 85 514 29 323 22 121 69 38 31 29 21 8 12 7 6 3,194 39 6 33 116 1,171 32 144 159 417 154 264 451 25 247 788 365 423 1,81 253 233 596 22,938 414 177 237 617 2,973 1,42 552 489 885 493 393 1,47 444 63 4,97 1,154 2,943 14,836 4,675 4,25 6,136 Men 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 87,656 7,329 3,75 3,58 8,969 49,342 2,898 1,46 1,438 16,897 9,185 7,712 11,547 6,234 5,313 1,195 5,155 5,39 11,821 4,465 3,298 4,58 66,229 3,787 1,553 2,234 7,468 46,172 19,637 9,769 9,868 15,961 8,711 7,25 1,574 5,826 4,748 6,877 4,13 2,774 1,926 1,93 52 313 7 5 4 6 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 89.4 67.5 79.6 5 1 2 1 7.7 62,719 3,215 1,279 1,936 6,89 44,178 18,633 9,25 9,383 15,313 8,384 6,929 1,233 5,63 4,63 6,625 3,944 2,681 1,892 1,74 514 34 3,51 572 274 297 659 1,992 1,4 519 485 647 327 321 341 197 144 252 16 92 35 19 6 15 17.7 1 8.8 5 4 1 21,427 3,543 2,197 1,346 1,51 3,17 1,261 691 57 936 474 462 973 48 565 3,318 1,52 2,266 9,895 3,372 2,777 3,746 556 16 12 3 26 224 8 27 53 82 44 37 63 24 4 11 57 54 178 42 41 96 4,817 3,28 2,84 1,195 1,62 458 337 235 12 1 64 36 21 11 1 17 15 2 1 1 1,749 28 4 24 8 759 217 12 115 273 114 159 269 127 143 483 222 261 398 126 1 173 14,36 219 96 123 333 1,728 628 327 3 482 252 23 619 246 373 2,78 759 1,949 9,317 3,25 2,635 3,477 Women 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 96,576 7,269 3,618 3,65 9,544 51,68 21,69 1,847 1,762 17,693 9,579 8,114 12,36 6,597 5,79 11,446 5,679 5,767 16,79 5,369 4,381 6,959 54,35 3,57 1,453 2,117 6,78 37,341 15,667 7,88 7,787 13,268 7,184 6,83 8,47 4,747 3,66 4,967 3,38 1,93 1,376 853 342 181 5 49 4 58. 71. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 64 4 5 3 8 1 7.8 51,186 3,24 1,175 1,848 6,219 35,776 14,877 7,439 7,438 12,779 5,893 8,121 4,561 3,56 4,825 2,932 1,894 1,341 832 332 178 2,849 547 278 268 561 1,565 79 442 349 489 298 191 286 186 1 142 16 36 34 21 1 19 1 4 3 42,541 3,699 2,165 1,534 2,764 14,267 5,942 2,966 2,976 4,426 2,395 2,31 3,899 1,85 2,49 6,479 2,642 3,837 15,333 4,517 4,39 6,778 27,611 356 74 282 1,491 11,872 4,975 2,42 2,555 3,654 1,976 1,678 3,242 1,548 1,694 4,772 2,98 2,674 9,121 2,921 2,511 3,689 4,853 3,136 2,8 1,129 953 738 467 279 188 223 138 85 48 27 21 13 7 6 12 6 6 1,445 11 2 9 36 412 86 42 44 145 4 15 181 78 14 35 142 162 682 127 133 423 8,632 195 81 114 284 1,245 414 225 189 43 241 163 428 198 23 1,389 395 994 5,519 1,47 1,39 2,659 1

A4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race Continued (Numbers in thousands) April HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Civilian labor force Not in labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Employed Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons WHITE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 157,943 11,885 5,966 5,919 15,375 85,985 35,838 17,894 17,944 29,64 15,959 13,681 2,58 11,7 9,5 19,51 9,485 9,566 25,647 8,753 6,95 13,758 6,445 2,665 3,78 12,147 71,671 3,52 14,99 15,62 25,172 13,593 11,579 16,448 9,149 7,299 1,557 6,348 4,28 2,937 1,727 761 449 6 5 4 6 79. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 83 7 5 6 4 1 19.7 11. 99,141 5,569 2,219 3,351 11,351 69,11 28,88 14,32 14,56 24,338 13,143 11,195 15,955 8,855 7,1 1,239 6,135 4,14 2,881 1,697 749 436 4,617 876 446 43 796 2,571 1,244 688 556 834 45 384 493 294 199 318 213 14 56 31 13 13 1 1 1 4 54,185 5,439 3,31 2,139 3,228 14,314 5,786 2,94 2,882 4,468 2,366 2,12 4,6 1,858 2,21 8,494 3,137 5,357 22,79 7,26 6,144 9,539 24,493 261 74 187 1,153 1,298 4,25 2,18 2,186 3,236 1,745 1,494 2,857 1,35 1,551 4,321 1,869 2,451 8,461 2,667 2,313 3,481 7,373 4,862 3,72 1,789 1,613 87 59 384 26 224 131 94 55 28 27 16 9 7 12 2,448 35 6 29 74 89 232 114 119 332 114 217 327 151 176 592 269 323 857 185 197 475 19,871 282 148 134 388 2,257 759 388 371 676 383 293 821 336 484 3,565 989 2,576 13,379 4,175 3,627 5,577 Men 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 75,716 5,992 3,53 2,939 7,519 42,535 17,842 8,881 8,961 14,651 7,916 6,735 1,42 5,46 4,636 9,24 4,55 4,474 1,645 3,994 2,981 3,67 57,741 3,311 1,383 1,927 6,375 4,173 16,916 8,376 8,54 13,959 7,58 6,379 9,298 5,13 4,196 6,155 3,677 2,478 1,727 987 464 276 7 5 4 6 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9.5 68 8.8 5 1 2 1 7.5 55,119 2,844 1,148 1,696 5,944 38,679 16,191 7,992 8,199 13,465 7,33 6,136 9,23 4,947 4,76 5,953 3,547 2,45 1,7 975 458 267 2,622 466 235 231 432 1,495 725 384 341 494 25 244 276 156 12 22 129 73 27 12 6 9 14 17. 1 1 3 17,975 2,681 1,669 1,12 1,144 2,362 926 56 421 692 336 356 744 34 44 2,869 873 1,996 8,918 3,7 2,517 3,394 421 12 9 3 26 162 68 23 45 63 31 31 31 14 17 79 34 45 142 35 28 79 3,676 2,54 1,579 925 862 31 231 171 59 56 34 22 15 8 7 9 7 2 1 1 1,373 25 4 21 45 598 164 85 79 22 86 134 215 12 113 375 165 21 329 95 96 138 12,55 14 77 63 211 1,31 464 226 238 353 185 168 484 179 34 2,46 667 1,739 8,446 2,877 2,392 3,177 Women 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 82,227 5,893 2,913 2,98 7,855 43,45 17,996 9,13 8,983 14,989 8,43 6,946 1,465 5,61 4,864 1,27 4,936 5,91 15,2 4,759 3,924 6,318 46,17 3,135 1,282 1,853 5,771 31,498 13,136 6,614 6,522 11,213 6,13 5,2 7,15 4,46 3,13 4,41 2,672 1,73 1,211 74 297 173 5 5 4 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 4 54 3 8 1 7.6 44,21 2,725 1,7 1,655 5,47 3,422 12,618 6,31 6,37 1,872 5,813 5,59 6,932 3,98 3,24 4,286 2,588 1,698 1,181 722 291 169 1,996 41 212 198 364 1,76 519 34 215 34 2 14 217 138 79 115 84 31 3 19 7 4 13 16.5 1.7 3 36,21 2,758 1,632 1,127 2,84 152 4,86 2,398 2,461 3,777 2,3 1,746 3,316 1,554 1,761 5,625 2,264 3,361 13,791 4,19 3,627 6,145 24,71 249 65 183 1,127 1,136 4,136 1,995 2,141 3,173 1,77 1,466 2,825 1,328 1,497 4,241 1,835 2,46 8,319 2,632 2,285 3,42 3,697 2,358 1,493 865 751 569 36 213 147 169 97 72 41 2 2 8 2 5 11 6 6 1,76 1 2 8 29 292 69 29 4 112 28 83 112 49 63 217 14 113 528 9 11 337 7,366 142 71 71 177 956 295 162 133 323 198 125 338 157 18 1,159 322 837 4,933 1,298 1,235 2,4 11

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race Continued (Numbers in thousands) April Civilian labor force Not in labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Employed Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons BLACK 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35^to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 years and over 2,622 2,179 1,135 1,44 2,538 11,45 5,214 2,667 2,548 3,68 2,15 1,575 2,511 1,335 1,176 2,18 1,1 1,8 2,391 875 1,516 12,941 737 271 466 1,71 9,173 4,235 2,135 2,1 3,49 1,743 1,36 1,888 1,36 852 1,4 637 43 281 168 113 6 3 2 4 67.4 8.4 81 8 8 8 8 8 7 77.6 7 49.3 57.9 4. 1 19 7.5 11,394 516 176 339 1,312 8,314 3,729 1,889 1,84 2,793 1,598 1,196 1,791 978 814 984 596 388 269 158 111 1,547 221 95 127 398 859 56 247 26 256 145 111 97 58 4 56 41 15 13 1 2 1 3. 3 27 2 9.4 1 1 1 8.4 8.5 5 7,681 1,442 864 577 828 2,234 98 532 448 631 362 269 623 3 323 1,68 463 64 2,19 76 1,42 2,83 96 317 1,272 6 33 297 338 188 149 334 17 164 438 228 29 68 223 457 1,632 1,224 831 393 268 129 8 48 31 47 43 4 2 2 1 11 1 1 676 3 3 41 236 55 29 26 8 39 41 11 45 57 188 89 99 28 64 144 2,568 119 26 93 22 595 244 151 92 166 92 75 185 84 12 431 136 296 1,221 42 81 Men 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 years and over 9,257 1,74 572 52 1,156 5,111 2,357 1,25 1,152 1,639 938 71 1,115 593 522 95 498 452 965 382 583 6,529 387 135 252 891 4,52 2,126 1,74 1,52 1,461 837 624 933 517 416 575 345 23 156 79 77 7.5 3 2 5.3 77 88.4 9 89 9 89 89 89 8 87 79.7 6.5 69 5.9 1 2.7 1 5,758 291 1 191 676 4,13 1,879 962 918 1,334 777 557 889 492 398 54 32 22 148 71 77 772 96 35 61 216 417 247 113 134 127 6 67 44 25 19 34 24 1 8 8 1 2 2 2 2 9 1 1.5 1 8.7 7 1.8 7 1. 2,727 687 438 249 265 592 231 131 1 178 11 77 183 77 16 375 153 222 89 32 56 19 1 1 1 53 12 4 8 14 8 6 27 4 23 25 18 6 3 5 25 788 612 418 193 125 45 37 17 2 9 8 1 1 341 3 3 35 135 4 17 23 48 27 21 47 23 24 13 53 5 65 31 34 1,488 71 19 52 14 358 142 93 48 17 58 49 19 51 59 242 76 167 713 266 447 Women 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 years and over 11,365 1,15 563 542 1,382 6,294 2,857 1,462 1,396 2,41 1,167 874 1,396 742 654 1,158 63 556 1,426 493 933 6,412 35 136 214 819 4,653 2,19 1,61 1,48 1,588 96 682 955 519 436 466 292 173 125 89 36 5 3 2 39.4 59 7 7 7 75 77.8 77.6 78. 68.5 7. 6 4 48.5 31 8.8 18. 5,636 225 76 148 636 4,211 ' 1,85 927 922 1,459 821 639 92 486 416 444 276 168 121 87 34 775 125 6 65 182 442 259 134 126 129 85 44 54 33 21 22 16 6 4 2 2 12 3 4 3.6 2 9.5 1 1 1 8 9.4 V) 4,954 755 427 328 563 1,642 749 41 348 453 261 192 44 223 217 693 31 382 1,31 44 896 2,693 95 7 87 317 1,219 588 299 289 324 18 143 37 166 141 413 21 23 65 218 432 844 612 413 2 143 84 43 31 11 38 35 3 3 2 1 5 4 1 11 15 12 3 32 12 2 54 22 33 85 36 49 143 33 11 1,81 48 7 41 98 237 12 58 44 59 34 26 76 33 43 189 6 129 58 154 354 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 12

A5. Employment status of the blackandother civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex (Numbers in thousands) April Civilian labor force HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Age and sex Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Total Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force TOTAL 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 26,289 2,713 1,42 1,311 3,138 14,964 6,669 3,413 3,256 4,95 2,85 2,144 3,345 1,824 1,522 2,59 1,349 1,24 2,883 1,81 771 1,31 16,56 912 342 57 2,11 11,842 5,251 2,659 1,399 4,57 2,32 1,755 2,533 1,424 1,19 1,287 792 495 364 218 11 46 6 3 2 4 6 79 78.7 77.9 4 8 82 8 7 78 7 49.7 58.7 39.9 1 2 13 14,764 669 235 434 1,677 1,854 4,71 2,387 2,315 3,755 2,127 1,627 2,399 1,336 1,64 1,211 74 471 352 28 98 45 232 15 1 15 22 139 77 43 33 36 17 2 26 14 13 27 1 17 28 12 8 14,533 654 235 419 1,655 1,715 4,625 2,343 2,281 3,719 2,112 1,68 2,372 1,322 1,51 1,184 731 454 324 196 9 38 1,742 242 16 136 424 986 55 272 278 32 175 127 134 89 45 76 52 24 13 1 2 1.6 2 31 2 2 1.5 1 19.9 7.4 7.6 7 4 9,783 1,82 1,61 741 1,37 3,123 1,417 753 664 893 53 39 812 4 413 1,32 557 745 2,519 863 671 985 Men 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 11,94 1,338 697 641 1,45 6,86 3,56 1,579 1,477 2,246 1,269 976 1,54 828 677 1,17 66 565 1,176 471 316 389 8,488 476 17 36 1,93 5,999 2,721 1,393 1,328 2,2 1,131 871 1,276 724 552 721 426 295 2 16 57 37 71 3 2 47.8 7 88 89. 8 89.9 89 89 89 8 87.5 8 6 7.4 5 17. 2 18. 9.5 7,6 371 13 24 866 5,5 2,442 1,258 1,184 1,848 1,54 794 1,21 683 528 672 396 276 192 98 57 36 1 8 14 119 63 32 31 32 14 18 24 14 11 25 8 17 27 127 7,47 362 13 233 852 5,381 2,379 1,226 1,153 1,816 1,41 776 1,186 669 517 647 388 259 165 86 5 29 888 15 39 66 227 498 279 135 144 154 77 77 65 41 24 49 3 19 8 1.5 22 2 2 2.8 1.3 9.7 1.8 7.7 8.8 5 7 6.5 7.3 () 3,452 862 527 334 357 88 335 185 149 244 138 16 229 14 125 449 179 27 977 365 259 352 Women 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 14,349 1,376 75 67 1,689 8,158 3,613 1,834 1,779 2,74 1,536 1,168 1,841 996 845 1,419 744 675 1,77 61 455 642 8,18 436 172 264 1,9 5,843 2,531 1,266 1,265 2,55 1,171 884 1,257 7 557 566 366 2 165 112 44 9 5 3 2 39.3 59.7 7 7. 69. 71 7 7 7 6 7.3 6 39.9 49 29.6 9.6 18.4 9.7 7,164 299 15 194 812 5,354 2,259 1,129 1,131 1,97 1,73 833 1,188 653 536 539 344 195 16 11 41 9 39 7 2 14 11 24 3 2 2 2 2 11 1 7,125 292 15 187 83 5,334 2,246 1,117 1,128 1,92 1,71 832 1,186 653 534 537 343 195 159 11 4 9 853 137 67 7 197 488 271 137 134 148 98 5 69 48 21 27 22 5 4 2 2 1.6 3 38.9 2 19.5 8.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 7 8.4 6,331 94 533 47 68 2,315 1,83 568 515 649 365 284 584 296 288 853 378 475 1,542 498 412 633 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 13

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Employment status and race Total Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 182,344 118,347 6 111,41 3,223 17,817 7,36 63,997 184,232 12,264 6 113,95 3,193 11,712 6,359 63,968 79,387 61,66 111 58,159 2,397 55,762 3,51 17,727 8,326 62,442 111 59,54 2,28 57,224 2,938 17,884 88,395 49,346 5 46,767 557 46,21 2,579 39,49 89,37 5,465 56.5 48,162 637 47,525 2,33 38,843 14,562 7,341 5.4 6,115 269 5,845 1,226 16.7 7,221 14,598 7,357 5.4 6,239 276 5,962 1,118 1 7,241 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 156,676 12,168 6 96,744 3,13 93,731 5,423 54,59 157,943 13,758 6 99,141 2,961 96,179 4,617 54,185 69,28 53,874 78. 51,25 2,231 48,974 2,669 15,154 69,724 54,43 78 52,275 2,95 5,18 2,155 15,294 75,75 41,877 5 4,41 52 39,521 1,836 33,828 76,334 42,882 5 41,297 65 4,692 1,586 33,451 11,944 6,417 5 5,498 262 5,236 918 1 5,527 11,885 6,445 5 5,569 261 5,38 876 1 5,439 Black Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 2,279 12,639 6 11,24 145 1,879 1,615 1 7,64 2,622 12,941 6 11,394 166 11,228 1,547 1 7,681 8,33 5,958 7 5,275 119 5,157 683 1 2,75 8,183 6,142 75 5,467 139 5,328 675 11. 2,4 1,88 5,912 58.6 5,259 22 5,236 653 11 4,176 1,26 6,62 59 5,412 15 5,397 65 1.7 4,199 2,158 769 3 49 3 487 279 3 1,389 2,179 737 3 516 12 53 221 3. 1,442 14

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) April Civilian labor force Employment status, years of school completed, race, and Hispanic origin Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Total Employed Full time 1 Part time 1 Total Looking for fulltime work Unemployed Looking for parttime work Percent of labor force TOTAL ENROLLED Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 16,1 11,41 4,69 7,692 4,974 2,718 47.8 4 58. 6,873 4,296 2,577 1,144 416 727 5,73 3,879 1,85 819 678 141 137 8 57 598 84 1.6 1 High school College Fulltime students Parttime students 9,42 7,58 6,111 947 3,824 3,868 2,995 873 4 5 49. 9 3,26 3,667 2,819 848 21 933 35 584 2,996 2,734 2,469 264 618 21 176 25 75 62 51 12 543 139 125 13 1 Men, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 8,269 5,797 2,472 3,927 2,512 1,415 47.5 4 57 3,513 2,181 1,332 664 243 421 2,849 1,938 911 414 331 83 76 4 36 338 291 47 1.5 1 High school College Fulltime students Parttime students 4,752 3,517 3,85 432 2,26 1,91 1,491 41 4 5 4 9 1,79 1,84 1,46 398 145 519 234 285 1,564 1,285 1,172 113 317 97 85 12 42 34 29 275 63 57 6 1 5 Women, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 7,83 5,613 2,217 3,765 2,462 1,33 48 4 58.7 3,36 2,115 1,246 479 173 36 2,881 1,941 939 45 348 57 61 4 2 344 37 37 1.8 14 High school College Fulltime students Parttime students 4,29 3,54 3,26 515 1,798 1,967 1,54 463 4 5 49.7 89.9 1,497 1,863 1,414 45 414 116 298 1,432 1,449 1,297 151 31 14 91 13 33 28 22 6 268 76 68 8 16.7 White Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 13,256 9,255 4, 6,758 4,364 2,394 51. 47 59.8 6,124 3,841 2,283 1,36 382 653 5,88 3,458 1,63 634 524 111 95 54 42 539 47 69 9.4 1 Men Women 6,83 6,453 3,415 3,343 5 5 3,81 3,43 596 439 2,485 2,63 334 31 6 35 274 265 9.8 9. High school College Fulltime students Parttime students 7,199 6,56 5,224 833 3,336 3,422 2,641 781 4 56.5 5.6 9 2,853 3,271 2,58 763 189 846 317 529 2,664 2,425 2,191 234 483 151 133 18 55 4 31 428 111 12 9 1 Black Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 2,115 1,69 425 678 481 197 32 28.4 4 519 343 177 435 316 119 159 138 21 34 25 9 125 113 12 2 28.7 1.5 Men Women 1,78 1,38 365 313 3 3 296 224 242 193 1 23 58 67 18.8 28.7 High school College Fulltime students Parttime students 1,468 647 572 75 387 291 229 62 2 4 4. 8 27 25 194 56 25 185 17 15 118 41 34 6 19 14 13 2 98 27 22 5 3.4 14 15 Hispanic origin Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 1,27 918 289 535 341 194 4 37 67 424 246 178 126 47 79 298 199 99 111 95 16 17 5 12 93 89 4 2.7 27.7 Men Women 615 592 276 259 4 4 218 27 79 47 139 159 58 53 12 6 46 47 21 2.3 High school College Fulltime students Parttime students 82 388 295 93 31 226 151 74 37.8 58 5 79.9 215 29 142 68 44 83 28 54 171 127 113 13 12 5 2 82 11 8 3 3.5 7 See footnotes at end of table. 15

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin Continued (Numbers in thousands) April Civilian labor force Employment status, years of school completed, race, and Hispanic origin Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Total Employed Full time 1 Part time 1 Total Looking for fulltime work Unemployed Looking for parttime work Percent of labor force TOTAL NOT ENROLLED Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 17,11 3,188 13,823 13,912 2,383 11,53 8 7 8 12,393 1,943 1,45 1,613 1,438 9,175 1,78 54 1,275 1,519 44 1,8 1,358 38 977 162 59 12 1.9 18.5 9.4 Less than 4 years of high school 4 years of high school 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college or more 4,14 8,667 2,682 1,558 2,662 7,327 2,418 1,55 6 8 9 9 2,79 6,589 2,272 1,453 1,625 5,647 1,983 1,358 454 942 289 95 583 738 146 53 522 653 138 45 61 85 8 2 1 Men, 16 to 24 years 16 to 49 years 2 to 24 years 8,29 1,532 6,497 7,327 1,275 6,52 9 8 9 6,511 1,34 5,477 5,857 797 5,6 654 237 418 816 241 575 786 234 552 31 7 24 11 18.9 9.5 Less than 4 years of high school 4 years of high school 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college or more 2,16 4,57 1,135 676 1,748 3,816 1,95 668 8.9 94 96.5 98.8 1,397 3,446 1,16 652 1,136 3,153 938 63 262 293 78 22 35 371 8 16 339 354 78 16 12 17 2 2. 9.7 7.3 Women, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 8,982 1,656 7,326 6,585 1,18 5,477 7 6 7 5,882 99 4,973 4,756 641 4,115 1,126 268 858 73 199 54 572 147 426 131 52 79 1.7 17.9 9 Less than 4 years of high school 4 years of high school 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college or more 1,944 4,69 1,547 882 914 3,511 1,323 837 47. 7 8 9 681 3,144 1,257 8 489 2,494 1,45 727 192 649 211 73 233 367 66 37 183 299 6 29 5 68 6 8 2 1.5 White Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 14,3 2,629 11,374 11,834 2,81 9,753 8 79 8 1,796 1,729 9,67 9,316 1,283 8,32 1,48 445 1,35 1,38 352 685 99 3 68 129 52 77 8.8 1 7. Men Women 6,78 7,295 6,271 5,563 9 7 5,76 5,89 5,168 4,147 538 942 564 474 541 368 23 16 9. 8.5 Less than 4 years of high school 4 years of high school 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college or more 3,27 7,191 2,184 1,422 2,211 6,234 2,2 1,386 68.9 86.7 9 97.5 1,794 5,74 1,915 1,346 1,417 4,954 1,689 1,256 377 786 227 91 418 494 87 39 364 431 78 35 53 63 18.9 7.9 Black Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 2,62 489 2,113 1,769 256 1,513 68. 5 7 1,38 173 1,135 1,45 12 925 264 53 211 461 83 377 427 75 352 33 8 25 2 3 2 Men Women 1,152 1,449 914 855 79.3 59. 671 637 564 48 16 157 243 218 235 192 8 25 2 2 Less than 4 years of high school 4 years of high school 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college or more 8 1,286 413 13 389 948 341 9 48.7 7 8 87.9 229 712 288 79 16 569 24 76 143 49 3 161 236 52 12 152 214 53 22 3 4 2 1 1 Hispanic origin Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 2,11 434 1,668 1,63 282 1,321 7 6 79 1,39 27 1,182 1,199 143 1,57 19 65 126 213 75 139 187 66 121 26 9 18 1 26.5 1.5 Men Women 1,77 1,25 982 621 91 855 535 762 437 93 98 127 86 121 65 1 1 Less than 4 years of high school 4 years of high school 1 to 3 years of college 4 years of college or more 1,13 835 194 59 666 77 178 53 6 8 9 541 625 171 53 447 544 156 52 94 8 15 125 82 6 117 64 18 1 18.7 1 1 Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanicorigin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 16

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A8. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age (Numbers in thousands) Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Veteran status and age Total Employed Number Unemployed Percent of labor force VIETNAMERA VETERANS Total, 3 years and over 3 to 44 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 years and over 7,816 6,232 968 2,77 2,557 1,584 7,891 5,984 75 2,256 2,978 1,97 7,277 5,983 93 2,596 2,457 1,294 7,29 5,712 77 2,152 2,853 1,578 6,896 5,67 839 2,475 2,356 1,226 6,981 5,452 648 2,71 2,733 1,529 381 313 91 121 11 68 39 26 59 81 12 49 9.8 4 3 NONVETERANS Total, 3 to 44 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 19,252 8,769 6,11 4,373 2,26 8,993 6,718 4,495 18,164 8,342 5,75 4,72 19,25 8,495 6,351 4,179 17,32 7,924 5,49 3,888 18,221 8,114 6,114 3,993 862 418 26 184 84 381 237 186 NOTE: Male Vietnamera veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited primarily to those 3 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnamera veteran population. 17

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A9. Employed and unemployed full and parttime workers by sex, age, and race (In thousands) April Employed Unemployed Sex, age, and race Total Full time Fulltime schedules 1 Part time for economic reasons, usually work full time Part time Total Voluntary 1 Part time for economic reasons, usually work part time Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work TOTAL Total, 16 years and over, 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 93,54 1,854 222 1,632 91,686 9,92 81,783 7,788 1,996 91,841 1,771 215 1,556 9,7 9,614 8,455 69,631 1,825 1,699 83 7 76 1,616 288 1,328 1,157 171 2,365 4,384 2,232 2,153 15,98 3,125 12,855 9,167 3,687 17,213 4,66 2,16 1,97 13,146 2,55 1,596 7,279 3,317 3,152 318 72 246 2,834 575 2,259 1,888 37 5,11 461 124 337 4,64 1,34 3,66 3,241 365 1,258 657 429 229 61 186 414 317 Men, 16 years and over, 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 56,24 1,41 54,984 5,481 49,54 42,5 7,3 54,97 1,5 53,966 5,32 48,664 41,772 6,892 1,54 36 1,18 179 84 728 111 6,695 2,175 4,52 1,328 3,192 1,679 1,513 5,437 2,15 3,422 1,81 2,341 992 1,348 1,258 16 1,98 247 851 687 165 3,29 274 2,755 588 2,167 1,928 239 481 298 182 71 112 64 48 Women, 16 years and over. 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 37,516 814 36,72 4,421 32,28 28,288 3,992 36,871 767 36,14 4,312 31,792 27,859 3,932 645 47 598 19 488 429 6 13,669 2,21 11,46 1,797 9,662 7,489 2,174 11,776 2,52 9,724 1,469 8,255 6,287 1,968 1,893 158 1,736 328 1,47 1,22 26 2,71 187 1,884 446 1,439 1,313 126 778 359 418 115 32 252 5 White Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 49,397 941 48,456 4,824 43,634 37,331 6,33 48,472 912 47,56 4,677 42,884 36,679 6,25 925 29 896 147 75 652 98 5,722 1,93 3,819 1,12 2,7 1,349 1,35 4,725 1,771 2,954 98 2,47 84 1,27 997 132 865 212 653 59 143 2,252 221 2,31 38 1,652 1,452 2 369 245 124 52 72 43 29 Women, 16 years and over. 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 31,774 725 31,49 3,862 27,186 23,656 3,53 31,241 683 3,558 3,771 26,786 23,38 3,478 533 42 491 91 4 348 52 12,248 2, 1,248 1,546 8,74 6,766 1,938 1,721 1,852 8,87 1,3 7,571 5,79 1,781 1,527 148 1,378 246 1,133 976 157 1,375 133 1,242 27 972 873 99 62 277 344 94 249 23 46 Black Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 5,37 81 4,956 537 4,417 3,868 548 4,942 75 4,867 516 4,349 3,814 535 95 6 89 21 68 54 13 721 21 511 139 373 233 139 57 188 319 16 213 92 121 214 22 192 33 16 141 18 68 47 632 198 435 41 34 92 49 43 18 26 17 9 Women, 16 years and over. 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,544 66 4,479 445 4,33 3,663 37 4,45 61 4,39 429 3,96 3,598 362 94 5 89 16 73 65 8 1,92 159 933 191 742 547 195 76 15 61 111 499 347 152 332 9 323 8 243 2 43 636 53 583 163 42 399 21 14 72 67 2 47 41 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time. 18

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A1. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship (Numbers in thousands) April Civilian labor force Not in labor force Family relationship Total Percent of population Employed Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons Total, 16 years and over 1 97,53 6 92,322 5,28 5,96 22,82 8,895 2,287 16,94 Husbands With employed wife With unemployed wife With wife not in labor force 39,843 25,655 862 13,326 78.5 9 9.7 6.8 38,663 24,946 77 12,948 1,18 79 92 379 1.7 1,933 2,238 89 8,66 197 81 1 115 231 124 1 16 832 38 22 51 9,673 1,724 64 7,884 Wives With employed husband With unemployed husband With husband not in labor force 28,844 25,716 82 2,327 5 66.5 67.9 2 27,893 24,946 79 2,238 951 77 92 89 1 21,933 12,948 379 8,66 18,35 11,677 327 6,31 363 278 18 68 365 131 14 22 3,17 862 2 2,287 Relatives in marriedcouple families 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 12,952 4,888 4,739 3,324 61 5.6 7 65 11,598 4,236 4,366 2,996 1,353 652 373 328 1.4 1 7.9 9.9 8,241 4,781 1,676 1,784 71 74 116 511 5,92 4,494 1,3 126 47 26 53 328 1,213 186 27 82 Women who maintain families 6,552 6 6,2 55 8.4 4,18 2,63 246 234 98 Relatives in families maintained by women 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 5,338 1,325 1,525 2,487 57.4 4 7 58.9 4,516 1,1 1,262 2,244 821 315 263 243 1 2 17.3 9.8 3,956 1,654 567 1,735 828 8 146 62 1,7 1,41 219 71 323 11 29 283 1,14 154 174 776 Men who maintain families 2,231 77 2,72 16 7 658 5 22 58 528 Relatives in families maintained by men... 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 1,77 312 57 952 6.3 47 79.6 58 1,578 273 447 858 193 39 6 94 1.9 1 1 9.9 1,167 35 13 687 379 11 33 335 413 314 67 32 68 5 63 38 24 25 259 1 Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies. NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data. 19

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex Men Women Marital status, race, and age Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 4,185 1,759 528 1,899 3,51 1,35 494 1,711 8. 11 3 7.3 9.6 3,12 1,26 677 1,238 2,849 1,47 69 1,193 4 6.7 9 8.6 White, 16 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 3,19 1,448 46 1,336 2,622 1,7 329 1,223 7.4 9.3 8 2,234 98 485 768 1,996 846 415 735 7 Black, 16 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 828 221 18 499 772 19 146 436 1 7 11 2 1 1 18.9 787 165 183 438 775 164 181 43 1 7. 1.3 2.5 12 7. 1.3 18.7 Total, 25 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 2,71 1,628 487 585 2,279 1,27 467 65 4 7.7 7.5 4 7 7 1,911 976 571 364 1,741 866 557 318 6.5 3 White, 25 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 2,99 1,335 374 39 1,724 992 315 417 7 6 6 1,394 797 4 196 1,221 697 371 153 Black, 25 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 475 28 1 167 46 171 133 155 9.4 7. 1.5 1 8.8 1 1 443 125 164 155 468 134 173 163 8.8 9.5 1 8.9 6 1 1 2

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex Thousands of persons IJnemployment rates Occupation Total Total Men Women Total, 16 years and over 7,36 6,359 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty 596 335 261 511 278 233 2 2 2 Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical 1,547 118 696 733 1,31 94 586 62 4 3 Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective 1,234 57 1 1,76 1,32 56 64 911 7.6 8 O 5 9.5 6.5 O 7.9 7 7.3 9.8 Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 941 22 534 26 762 153 416 193 6.5 9.8 7.7 9.7 3 7.7 7.9 1 7.7 1 Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 1,855 817 366 672 24 468 1,621 678 283 659 28 451 9.8 9.4 7.3 1 2 1.9 8.6 7.9 1 2 1 9.5 8 7.6 1 2 11. 1 2 1 1.6 11 1 O 1.4 9.4 9.8 11 O 1.9 Farming, forestry, and fishing 242 23 6.5 6.7 9. No previous work experience 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 846 568 159 119 847 561 162 124 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 21

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Industry Total Total Men Women Total, 16 years and over 7,36 6,359 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 5,516 4,71 5 Mining Construction 14 778 76 712 1 1 9 1 1 1 1.3 1 9 7.6 Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Funiture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment Professional and photographic equipment Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Other nondurable goods industries 1,339 774 81 55 37 8 111 16 122 121 79 42 34 27 565 171 38 121 3 75 59 34 38 1,125 597 61 27 28 47 63 77 126 113 67 46 31 22 528 14 49 113 37 76 33 41 39 6 1 7.9 8.7 9. 6.5 9.3 9 9. 8.8 8 9.3 4 9.5 1 7.8 8.7 5 4 5/4 6.5 4 4 8.7 4 1. 7 7.9 1.6 1 1 9.9 6 9.6 8.8 1 7.9 1.9 1 9 7 7.6 11. 9 1 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services Other service industries 291 218 74 1,577 196 1,381 226 1,21 414 787 246 174 72 1,287 141 1,146 18 1,76 37 76 7.5 3 7.4 6.5 7. 6 6 4 3 7.9 8 7 Agricultural wage and salary workers Government, selfemployed, and unpaid family workers No previous work experience 155 789 846 184 628 847 8.8 9.8 9. 8.9 8. 1 22

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) Reason fdr unemplbyment Total unemployed Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years White Black NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants i 7,36 3,788 923 2,865 86 1,812 846 6,359 2,977 785 2,192 895 1,643 843 3,51 2,446 578 1,868 45 571 79 2,938 1,91 493 1,48 431 58 99 2,579 1,133 34 829 353 895 198 2,33 897 251 646 339 88 187 1,226 29 41 168 13 346 568 1,118 179 41 138 125 256 558 5,423 2,887 753 2,134 685 1,271 58 4,617 2,192 653 1,539 695 1,176 555 1,615 768 156 612 137 466 245 1,547 712 118 594 182 44 249 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1. 5 1 39 1 2 1 1. 4 1 3 14 2 1 1. 69.9 16.5 5 1 1 1. 6 1 47.9 1 17.3 1. 4 1 32 1 3 7.7 1. 39. 1.9 28 1 38 8 1. 17. 1 8.4 2 4 1. 1 1 11 2 49.9 1. 5 1 39.4 1 2 1.7 1. 47.4 14 3 1 2 1 1. 47.5 9.7 37.9 8.5 28.8 1 1. 4 7.6 38.4 1 26 16 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants.7.7.7.7.7.9 3.7.8.7.4.7.4 7.7 7.6.7 1.6 2.7 1.5 6 1 3 23

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment (Percent distribution) April Reason, sex, and age Total unemployed Thousands of persons Percent Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks Duration of unemployment Total 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Total, 16 years and over... 6,359 1. 4 27.5 28.7 15 1 Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 2,977 785 2,192 895 1,643 843 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 3 4 3.9 5 49.8 5 29. 26 3 28.7 2 24 36.5 29.6 39. 19.3 2 19.9 2.5 2 19 8 1.9 1 1 19.9 11 1 8 Men, 2 years and over 2,938 1. 3 28 3 19.5 17.3 Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1,91 493 1,48 431 58 99 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 29.5 35 27.5 47.8 4 4 28.9 27. 29.6 27.8 2 3.4 4 38. 4 2 3 2 2 3 19.9 9 1 15 18.4 5 23 1 1 7.5 Women, 2 years and over 2,33 1. 47.4 27 2 1 1 Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 897 251 646 339 88 187 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 41 6 3 5 5 48.6 29 21. 3 29 2 19.3 29.7 1 3 17.7 2 3 16.5 1.5 18.9 9.3 9.7 1 13 1 8.4 1 19.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 1,118 1. 59 26.7 1 8.9 Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 179 41 138 125 256 558 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 5 5 6 59. 6. 3 2 3.4 2 2 1 18.6 14 1 1 O 12 11. 5 8 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. A16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Total Fulltime workers Duration of unemployment Thousands of persons Percent distribution Thousands of persons Percent distribution Total, 16 years and over 7,36 6,359 1. 1. 5,89 5,11 1. 1. Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 5 to 1 weeks 11 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over 2,844 2,2 1,389 632 2,442 1,297 1,145 498 647 2,781 1,751 1,295 457 1,827 963 864 346 518 38.9 27.6 19. 8.7 3 17.8 1 8.9 4 27.5 2.4 7 28.7 15 1 8 2,28 1,653 1,11 551 2,21 1,168 1,42 448 594 2,13 1,447 1,64 383 1,641 86 781 318 463 3 28 18.7 9.4 37.5 19.8 17.7 7.6 1 39.5 28.4 2.9 7.5 3 1 1 9 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks 1 1 17.5 9.9 1 8. 24

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment Thousands of persons Weeks Percent of unemployed in group Sex, age, race, and marital status Total Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) duration Median duration Unemployed less than 5 weeks Unemployed 15 weeks and over April Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,359 1,118 1,22 1,795 1,136 627 394 69 3,51 572 659 1,4 647 341 252 35 2,849 547 561 79 489 286 142 34 2,781 661 651 71 388 222 116 41 1,322 294 323 328 181 1 7 25 1,458 366 328 373 27 122 47 16 1,751 298 281 541 339 174 19 1 1, 171 144 311 21 88 72 4 752 127 136 23 13 85 38 6 963 1 157 299 2 127 73 6 642 68 11 2 126 91 47 1 322 32 47 99 74 36 26 6 864 59 132 253 29 14 96 12 546 39 81 165 13 61 64 5 317 2 5 88 78 42 31 7 1 8 1 1 17.7 17.6 2 O 16 9 1 17.3 19.8 19. 21. 1 1.4 1 1 1 18.7 7.9 9. 1.3 1.6 8.4 9.5 1.5 11 11 8 9.7 38.9 5 4 37.8 31 3 2 O 3 5.4 3 3 2 27.6 2.8 O 4 59 48.9 4 37.3 3 4 59 5 39 3 3 29.5 37.7 5 49 3 28. 29.4 27.6 O 51 67. 5 47 4 4 3 O 3 1 27.7 3 42 4 4 38.5 18 3 4 4 49.9 55 2 1 2.9 29.4 3 3 3 O 28.7 1 2 3.8 3 3 4 O 3 18.7 29. 3 39.6 4 4 O 2 9.6 17.4 2 31 27.4 4.6 O White, 16 years and over Men Women 4,617 2,622 1,996 2,91 1,23 1,68 1,246 734 511 681 459 222 6 45 195 1 1 11 8 39.6 3 4 4 39. 5 3 37.8 2 27.7 3 2.9 Black, 16 years and over Men Women 1,547 772 775 619 27 348 433 218 215 252 156 96 243 128 116 1 17. 1 8. 9 3 3 4 4. 3 4 3 39.3 3 3 3 27.3 Men, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 1,35 494 1,711 47 193 722 378 141 481 289 74 279 231 87 229 18. 17 1 1 7.8 7.4 29. 2 4.5 31 39. 4 4 4 29.7 39.8 3 29.7 Women, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 1,47 69 1,193 496 263 7 33 162 286 133 92 97 115 92 111 12 1 1.8 4 36.7 5 47.4 4 58.7 28 3 2 2 3 17.4 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 25

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A18. Unemployed persons by occupation, Industry, and duration of unemployment Thousands of persons Weeks Percent of unemployed in group Occupation and industry Total Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) duration Median duration Unemployed less than 5 weeks Unemployed 15 weeks and over April OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Service occupations Precision production, craft, and repair... Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 511 1,31 1,32 762 1,621 23 215 68 467 275 612 12 136 367 281 221 468 57 84 177 12 158. 3 38 76 148 182 17 241 33 14 1 1 1 1 1 7.5 8.9 8.4 7.6 3 39. 4 3 34 4.3 42 4 4 3 37.8 4 38.8 3 3.6 3 39.5 3 3 2 27.5 3 3 3.7 INDUSTRY 1 Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Public administration 184 73 1,129 61 528 27 1,287 1,472 23 86 255 42 23 217 13 61 658 77 51 211 332 171 161 67 372 41 51 28 177 191 117 74 27 18 173 31 19 87 186 11 76 47 135 23 45 1 14 16.5 18.6 14 1 1 1 18.5 6 8.7 8.5 9.5 7.7 9 4 3 3 3.4 38.6 3 39.7 4 37. 4 3 37 3 41 48 46.7 4 37.8 3 39.9 38 4.7 3 39.5 28.7 3 41 2 36 3 37.9 2 27 2 27.4 37.3 No previous work experience 847 476 23 1 68 1.9 49.7 5 2. 19.8 Includes wage and salary workers only. 26

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used April Sex, age, and race Thousands of persons Total unemployed Total jobseekers Public employment agency Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers Private employment agency Employer directly Placed or answered ads Friends or relatives Other Average number of methods used Total, 16 years and over... 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,359 1,118 1,22 1,795 1,136 627 394 69 5,481 1,62 1,112 1,529 928 472 322 56 2. 11. 2.3 2 22 2 2 6.7 7.4 9.7 9.7 7 8.5 7.6 7 79.8 7 7 3 2 3 37 3 3.5 37.9 16 1 1 17 17.9 18 1 3 8 1.9 6 1 5 1 3 2 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,51 572 659 1,4 647 341 252 35 2,934 537 576 837 495 257 26 27 2 1 2.7 27.4 25 2 2 O 7.3 11 1 O 7 74 77.7 8.6 7. 7 3 1 28.5 4.6 3 3.7 4 O 17.6 1 18.9 17.6 19.6 2 11 7.9 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 9 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 2,849 547 561 79 489 286 142 34 2,547 526 536 692 433 215 116 28 1 2. 2.4 18.7 2.5 1 9 8 7.4 1.3 O 7 8.6 67. 7 79 79.5 77.6 O 33 24 39.6 3 37.9 3 26.7 O 1 9.9 1 16.5 1 11 2.7.9 19 2 5 1 2 3 White, 16 years and over... Men Women 4,617 2,622 1,996 3,883 2,115 1,767 18.9 2 1 6.7 6.5 7 77 7 3 3 3 16.7 18.6 1 4 8 5 Black, 16 years and over... Men Women 1,547 772 775 1,424 712 712 2 2 2.5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 1 1 8 9 7 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within 3 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The percent using each method will always total more than 1 because many jobseekers use more than one method. A2. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used April Sex and reason Thousands of persons Total unemployed Total jobseekers Public employment agency Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers Private employment agency Employer directly Placed or answered ads Friends or relatives Other Average number of methods used Total, 16 years and over... Job losers 1 Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 6,359 2,977 895 1,643 843 5,481 2,192 933 1,519 837 2. 2 21. 17 1.5 9.8 7. 7 7 77.3 7 77 3 3 41 3 19 16 17.3 17.3 1 1 6 5 9 2 17 Men, 16 years and over Job losers 1 Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,51 2,3 493 63 356 2,934 1,54 55 569 356 2 2 2 1 1.4 8 9.5 7 7 78 7 8 3 3 3 34 1 17.6 16.5 2. 2. 1 6.7 2 8 9 9 19 Women, 16 years and over Job losers 1 Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 2,849 947 43 1,13 487 2,547 688 428 951 481 1 18.6 1 18.5 1.6 7.8 1 7 7 7 7 7 33 3 47. 3 2 1 19 1 13 1.8 8 8 7 16 Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used exclude persons on layoff. NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within 3 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The percent using each method will always total more than 1 because many jobseekers use more than one method. 27

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex (In thousands) Total Men Women Industry and age All industries 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 111,41 6,115 2,425 3,69 13,282 77,298 32,926 26,988 17,383 11,399 6,925 4,474 2,948 113,95 6,239 2,454 3,785 13,28 79,956 33,59 28,93 18,354 11,45 6,875 4,575 3,233 61,236 3,77 1,234 1,843 6,949 42,745 18,345 14,721 9,679 6,669 4,53 2,616 1,795 62,719 3,215 1,279 1,936 6,89 44,178 18,633 15,313 1,233 6,625 3,944 2,681 1,892 49,85 3,38 1,191 1,847 6,332 34,553 14,582 12,267 7,74 4,73 2,872 1,857 1,153 51,186 3,24 1,175 1,848 6,219 35,776 14,877 12,779 8,121 4,825 2,932 1,894 1,341 Agriculture 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,223 269 125 144 398 1,81 767 558 485 443 244 198 34 3,193 276 119 157 375 1,825 817 573 435 439 231 28 278 2,638 241 118 123 36 1,418 62 432 366 352 183 169 267 2,54 225 89 135 298 1,395 633 443 319 338 169 17 248 586 29 7 22 38 391 147 125 119 91 61 3 37 688 52 3 22 78 429 184 13 115 11 63 38 29 Nonagricultural industries 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 17,817 5,845 2,3 3,545 12,884 75,488 32,159 26,431 16,898 1,956 6,681 4,275 2,644 11,712 5,962 2,335 3,627 12,652 78,131 32,692 27,52 17,919 11,11 6,644 4,367 2,955 58,598 2,836 1,116 1,72 6,59 41,326 17,725 14,289 9,313 6,317 3,87 2,448 1,529 6,215 2,99 1,19 1,81 6,511 42,784 18, 14,871 9,913 6,286 3,775 2,511 1,643 49,219 3,9 1,184 1,825 6,294 34,162 14,434 12,142 7,585 4,639 2,811 1,828 1,116 5,497 2,972 1,145 1,827 6,141 35,347 14,693 12,649 8,5 4,725 2,869 1,856 1,312 28

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age (In thousands) Total Men Women Occupation 16 years and over 16 years and over 2 years and over 16 years and over 2 years and over Total 111,41 113,95 61,236 62,719 58,159 59,54 49,85 51,186 46,767 48,162 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Officials and administrators, public administration Other executive, administrative, and managerial Managementrelated occupations Professional specialty Engineers Mathematical and computer scientists Natural scientists Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, college and university Teachers, except college and university Lawyers and judges Other professional specialty occupations 27,418 12,981 542 8,928 3,511 14,437 1,679 713 349 798 2,213 712 3,649 714 3,68 29,238 14,152 512 9,737 3,93 15,86 1,741 776 393 798 2,72 773 3,998 755 3,779 15,226 8,93 336 5,936 1,82 7,134 1,563 446 27 675 288 468 1, 562 1,862 16,136 8,581 34 6,347 1,931 7,555 1,586 537 311 668 323 469 1,118 59 1,954 15,135 8,45 336 5,892 1,817 7,89 1,563 445 27 675 288 468 992 562 1,827 16,16 8,519 31 6,299 1,918 7,497 1,585 536 31 668 323 467 1,16 59 1,912 12,192 4,888 26 2,992 1,691 7,33 116 267 8 123 1,925 244 2,649 153 1,746 13,12 5,571 28 3,39 1,973 7,531 155 239 82 131 1,749 34 2,881 165 1,825 12,82 4,842 26 2,964 1,672 7,24 116 265 8 123 1,923 241 2,625 15 1,717 12,98 5,525 28 3,357 1,96 7,455 155 239 82 131 1,745 33 2,845 165 1,79 Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Health technologists and technicians Engineering and science technicians Technicians, except health, engineering, and science Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors Sales representatives, finance and business services Sales representatives, commodities, except retail Sales workers, retail and personal services Salesrelated occupations Administrative support, including clerical Supervisors Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing Mail and message distributing Other administrative support, including clerical 34,498 3,186 1,54 1,89 1,42 13,164 3,479 2,238 1,563 5,839 46 18,148 685 923 5,63 2,51 955 8,12 35,41 3,476 1,168 1,17 1,138 13,617 3,637 2,415 1,538 5,975 51 18,38 88 838 4,934 2,443 935 8,351 12,117 1,654 168 858 627 6,969 2,376 1,353 1,328 1,898 13 3,495 294 32 78 234 632 1,955 12,499 1,786 223 873 69 7,96 2,473 1,42 1,276 1,99 17 3,618 333 328 74 27 615 2,62 11,562 1,637 166 85 62 6,618 2,368 1,339 1,38 1,589 13 3,37 292 294 71 223 61 1,826 11,896 1,765 218 862 684 6,692 2,426 1,44 1,275 1,57 16 3,439 33 317 71 197 589 1,934 22,381 1,532 886 231 414 6,196 1,13 885 235 3,941 33 14,653 392 621 4,985 2,276 323 6,57 22,92 1,69 945 297 448 6,521 1,165 995 262 4,66 34 14,691 475 51 4,86 2,236 321 6,289 2,754 1,526 886 23 41 5,24 1,83 851 234 3,4 32 13,988 39 588 4,784 2,237 313 5,676 21,261 1,674 939 291 444 5,56 1,134 968 253 3,173 33 14,27 474 499 4,653 2,196 35 5,91 Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Food service Health service Cleaning and building service Personal service 15,82 96 1,886 12,236 5,256 1,933 2,847 2,2 15,114 832 1,838 12,444 5,11 2,39 2,93 2,375 5,898 31 1,619 4,248 1,954 186 1,69 418 5,984 42 1,67 4,335 1,934 223 1,729 448 5,18 24 1,592 3,42 1,327 17 1,536 369 5,138 32 1,572 3,534 1,34 27 1,64 42 9,185 929 267 7,988 3,33 1,747 1,157 1,782 9,129 79 23 8,19 3,167 1,816 1,2 1,926 8,13 756 251 7,96 2,676 1,674 1,91 1,656 8,124 665 215 7,245 2,564 1,74 1,133 1,88 Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 13,469 4,381 4,894 4,193 13,552 4,522 4,972 4,58 12,278 4,222 4,8 3,256 12,37 4,357 4,892 3,121 11,988 4,118 4,657 3,214 12,119 4,284 4,776 3,59 1,191 159 95 937 1,182 166 79 937 1,161 158 94 98 1,163 165 74 924 Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Manufacturing industries Durable goods Nondurable goods Nonmanufacturing industries Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators Other transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 17,76 7,887 6,614 3,636 2,978 1,273 4,638 3,44 1,197 4,551 714 3,837 17,196 7,855 6,592 3,662 2,929 1,263 4,627 3,449 1,178 4,714 739 3,975 12,716 4,712 3,921 2,498 1,423 791 4,221 3,58 1,163 3,783 693 3,91 12,869 4,711 3,891 2,492 1,399 82 4,192 3,88 1,14 3,966 72 3,246 11,755 4,556 3,825 2,449 1,375 731 4,78 2,934 1,143 3,121 639 2,482 11,752 4,539 3,77 2,419 1,351 769 4,63 2,97 1,92 3,15 661 2,49 4,359 3,175 2,693 1,138 1,556 482 417 383 34 767 21 746 4,327 3,144 2,71 1,17 1,53 443 436 361 75 748 19 729 4,26 3,111 2,65 1,126 1,524 461 49 375 34 687 21 666 4,146 3,72 2,641 1,148 1,493 431 418 344 74 656 1 646 Farming, forestry, and fishing Farm operators and managers Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations 3,498 1,328 2,171 3,44 1,273 2,131 3,1 1,161 1,839 2,861 1,99 1,762 2,71 1,155 1,547 2,583 1,84 1,499 497 166 331 543 174 37 462 165 297 488 172 317 29

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex (Percent distribution) Total Men Women Occupation and race TOTAL Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent 111,41 1. 113,95 1. 61,236 1. 62,719 1. 49,85 1. 51,186 1. Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 2 1 1 31 1 1 1.9 11. 12 1 7 4 2 1 1 31 3 1 16 1.7 1.9 1 15 4 4 2 1 1 19.8 1 9.6 2 2.8 7.7 2 1 1 19.9 1 9.5 19.7 2.5 7.5 6.7 2 9.8 1 4 3 1 29.4 18.4.5 1 8.8.8 1. 2 1.9 1 4 1 28.7 17.8.4 1 8.5 6.9 1 White Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent 96,744 1. 99,141 1. 53,961 1. 55,119 1. 42,783 1. 44,21 1. Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 2 1 1 3 1 1 1.7 1. 1 1 26.7 13 1 3 1 1 1.6 9.9 1 1 6.5 3 2 1 12 2 12 8.6 O 6 2.6 19.7 7.3 5 2 1 1 2 1 8.4 2.4 19.5 7 2 1.3 1 4 3 1 29.9 17.4 1 8..8 1 26.7 1 1 4 1 29 16.5.4 1 7.7.8 1 Black Total, 16 years and over (thousands) Percent 11,24 1. 11,394 1. 5,532 1. 5,758 1. 5,492 1. 5,636 1. Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 1 8 27 2 18.4 2 2 18.5 9.5 2 1.8 1 6.5 9. 27.3 7 17.3 2 19. 9. 2 1.3 2 1 1 1. 18.4 1 16.7 3 11 11 1.6 1 7 1 8.9 19. 1 1 3 9.8 1.5 11. 16.5 1.8 38.4 8.7 27. 28.6 4 1 2 2 1 1.4.5 17 1.8 38 8.4 2 28 1 2 1 1.8 1.5 1 Less than.5 percent. 3

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker (In thousands) April Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Age and sex Total Wage and salary workers Private household workers Government Other Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Total, 16 years and over... 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 11,897 5,879 2,292 3,588 12,337 3,538 25,18 16,12 9,643 5,868 3,775 2,38 1,87 177 126 51 11 192 167 159 16 13 56 131 17,236 33 69 261 1,118 4,36 5,435 3,558 2,84 1,277 87 46 83,573 5,372 2,96 3,276 11,119 26,4 19,416 12,384 7,4 4,488 2,911 1,843 8,533 71 37 33 289 2,1 2,435 1,752 1,332 75 582 554 283 12 6 6 26 54 67 65 36 25 1 22 1,688 218 9 128 295 521 282 18 134 67 67 58 1,356 23 11 12 66 265 275 231 28 148 132 216 149 35 18 17 15 3 16 23 25 16 8 3 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 54,612 2,949 1,167 1,782 6,31 16,671 13,31 8,72 5,43 3,292 2,111 1,248 156 46 3 16 12 35 21 11 23 1 12 7 8,44 134 18 115 491 1,976 2,499 1,679 1,73 638 434 192 46,412 2,769 1,118 1,651 5,86 14,66 1,79 7,3 4,38 2,644 1,664 1,48 5,547 35 21 13 188 1,324 1,552 1,19 878 478 4 381 56 7 1 6 14 4 9 3 5 5 15 1,311 173 65 18 233 396 214 134 19 53 56 53 1,146 21 9 12 57 232 226 186 228 116 112 196 47 3 16 15 8 6 2 1 2 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 47,285 2,93 1,125 1,85 6,28 13,867 11,78 7,381 4,239 2,576 1,663 1,132 931 131 96 35 89 157 146 148 137 93 44 123 9,192 197 51 146 626 2,33 2,935 1,88 1,11 638 373 213 37,161 2,63 978 1,625 5,313 11,38 8,626 5,354 3,91 1,845 1,247 795 2,986 36 16 2 11 776 884 562 454 272 182 173 227 6 5 1 12 5 58 62 31 21 1 7 377 45 25 2 62 126 68 46 25 14 11 5 21 2 2 9 33 48 45 52 32 2 2 11 5 3 2 7 25 14 24 23 17 7 4 3i

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation (In thousands) Industry Total employed Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales Administrative support, including clerical April Service occupations Other service 1 Private household Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries. Professional services... Public administration 3,193 774 7,355 21,112 12,598 8,514 7,896 23,182 4,481 18,71 7,885 37,21 1,98 36,13 24,177 5,37 71 97 97 2,413 1,489 924 886 2,25 51 1,524 1,945 4,672 5 4,667 2,637 1,72 59 75 141 1,751 1,27 543 444 448 89 359 213 11,243 9 11,235 1,37 712 21 45 49 726 524 22 247 15 41 64 125 1,864 8 1,856 1,479 294 22 8 91 745 328 417 347 9,664 1,766 7,898 1,865 84 84 153 34 15 15 438 2,5 1,398 1,12 2,81 2,33 768 1,535 3,171 6,11 1 6,91 4,474 1,54 832 832 26 5 19 332 185 146 264 4,261 47 4,214 292 7,79 112 7,678 4,341 1,292 48 254 4,24 4,1 2,827 1,272 1,323 1,337 266 1,71 163 1,882 8 1,874 376 26 15 3 76 6,592 3,662 2,929 113 268 123 145 18 71 1 79 214 34 29 123 467 799 45 394 1,683 946 496 45 17 51 1 491 32 63 18 31 84 1,64 486 578 53 1,783 368 1,416 16 411 22 388 91 49 2,777 25 92 86 6 6 42 16 26 59 356 81 275 73 47 Includes protective service, not shown separately. A26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status (In thousands) All industries Nonagricultural industries Reason not working and sex Total Wage and salary workers 1 Paid absences Unpaid absences Total, 16 years and over... Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute All other reasons 6,218 3,787 1,252 96 8 1,75 4,369 1,76 1,384 91 17 1,117 6,126 3,75 1,225 86 8 1,57 4,286 1,737 1,355 89 17 1,89 3,352 2,593 535 224 1,993 1,199 55 244 2,191 97 586 697 1,796 398 675 722 Men, 16 years and over Vacation Illness All other reasons 3 2,822 1,658 647 517 2,21 873 765 573 2,759 1,634 628 497 2,148 859 738 551 1,592 1,25 35 82 1,51 661 286 15 836 295 273 267 86 14 373 294 Women, 16 years and over Vacation Illness All other reasons 3 3,395 2,129 65 662 2,159 888 619 652 3,367 2,116 597 654 2,138 878 616 644 1,758 1,388 23 141 941 538 264 139 1,355 613 312 43 99 259 32 429 ' Excludes private household workers. 2 Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons. 3 Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately. NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased because of high response variance; data should be used with caution. 32

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry April Hours of work Thousands of persons Percent distribution All industries Agriculture Nonagricultural industries All industries Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Total, 16 years and over 19,536 3,11 16,426 1. 1. 1. 1 to 34 hours 1 to 4 hours 5 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 3 to 34 hours 25,612 793 4,826 12,931 7,62 914 41 226 44 27 24,698 752 4,6 12,491 6,855 2.7 1 29.4 7.3 14 6.7 2.7 1 35 hours and over 35 to 39 hours 4 hours 41 hours and over 41 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 6 hours and over 83,925 7,85 43,812 33,28 11,817 11,774 9,437 2,197 9 631 1,476 23 392 854 81,728 6,995 43,181 31,552 11,587 11,382 8,583 7 6.5 4. 3 1.8 1.7 8.6 7.6 2.3 47.4 7.4 1 27.5 7 4.6 29.6 1.9 1.7 8 Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules 39.5 44 4 5 39.3 4 A28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status (Numbers in thousands) April Reason for working less than 35 hours Total All industries Usually work full time Usually work part time Total Nonagricultural industries Usually work full time Usually work part time Total, 16 years and over 25,612 6,379 19,233 24,698 6,143 18,554 Economic reasons Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during week Could find only parttime work 4,851 2,167 43 262 92 2,287 1,699 1,32 43 262 92 3,152 865 2,287 4,624 2,53 4 249 88 2,196 1,69 1,233 4 249 88 3,15 82 2,196 Other reasons Does not want, or unavailable for, fulltime work Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job All other reasons 2,762 13,555 1,283 1,539 394 1 63 1,753 2,174 4,68 1,283 1,371 394 1 63 1,568 16,82 13,555 168 1,753 66 2,75 13,114 1,281 1,57 314 1 63 1,714 2,79 4,535 1,281 1,347 314 1 63 1,527 15,54 13,114 16 1,714 552 Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 2 2.7 2 2 21 19 2 2.8 2 26 2 19.3 Worked 3 to 34 hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 1,656 5,46 831 2,446 825 2,96 1,589 5,266 788 2,383 81 2,883 33

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A29. Persons at work In nonagrlcultural Industries by class of worker and full or parttime status (Numbers in thousands) April Industry Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total On fulltime schedules 4 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules Total, 16 years and over 16,426 4,624 15,54 86,262 54,71 11,587 19,965 39.3 4 Wage and salary workers 98,56 3,968 14,67 8,21 52,45 1,996 16,98 39 4 Mining 696 11 16 669 356 12 193 4 4 Construction 5,769 395 32 5,72 3,468 542 1,62 4 4 Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods 19,996 11,989 8,7 54 199 35 663 293 37 18,829 1,497 7,332 11,882 7,123 4,758 3,47 2,155 1,252 3,54 2,219 1,322 4 4 4 4 4 4 Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 7,153 2,46 7,2 179 1,26 121 347 5,212 685 6,627 13,988 6,214 4,341 8,276 4,332 92 2,128 695 1,384 3,584 1,187 42 3 4. 4 4 4 Service industries Private households All other industries Public administration 31,87 1,43 3,827 5,93 1,416 176 1,24 81 6,57 53 6,67 273 23,884 364 23,52 4,739 15,822 227 15,595 3,57 2,71 43 2,667 491 5,352 94 5,258 678 37.5 2 37.9 4.6 4 48 4 4 Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers 8,87 283 648 7 1,376 97 6,63 179 2,582 84 577 14 2,94 81 4 38.8 49.3 48.5 34

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A3. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full or parttime status (Numbers in thousands) April Sex, age, race, and marital status Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total On fulltime schedules 4 hours or less 41 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules TOTAL Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 16,426 5,778 2,241 3,536 1,648 12,284 88,365 58,71 27,579 2,714 4,624 379 72 36 4,246 813 3,432 2,371 947 113 15,54 3,752 1,971 1,781 11,788 2,396 9,392 5,11 2,991 1,292 86,262 1,647 198 1,449 84,614 9,75 75,541 5,59 23,641 1,39 54,71 1,296 161 1,135 53,414 6,295 47,12 31,18 15,175 927 31,552 351 37 314 31,2 2,78 28,421 19,572 8,466 382 39.3 2 17.5 27.3 4 3 4.7 4 4.6 29.7 4 4 3 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 58,67 2,895 1,142 1,753 55,172 6,344 48,828 31,858 15,474 1,497 2,145 178 4 137 1,968 388 1,581 1,87 435 58 4,751 1,819 984 836 2,931 1,6 1,925 718 584 623 51,171 898 118 78 5,273 4,95 45,322 3,53 14,455 816 28,863 672 99 571 28,19 3,145 25,43 16,148 8,353 544 22,38 226 19 29 22,83 1,85 2,279 13,95 6,12 272 4 2 18.4 28.7 4 38.6 4 4 4 3 4 41 39.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years, 65 years and over 48,359 2,882 1,99 1,783 45,477 5,94 39,537 26,215 12,16 1,217 2,479 21 33 168 2,278 426 1,852 1,285 512 56 1,789 1,932 987 945 8,857 1,39 7,467 4,392 2,47 669 35,91 749 79 67 34,342 4,124 3,218 2,538 9,187 492 25,849 624 6 565 25,224 3,148 22,76 14,87 6,822 382 9,242 125 19 15 9,118 976 8,142 5,668 2,365 11 3 2 1 2 3 3 3 37.3 36.7 27.5 4 39 3 39.4 4 41 4 4 4 4 RACE White, 16 years and over Men Women 92,525 5,97 41,555 3,791 1,787 2,4 13,98 4,142 9,838 74,754 45,41 29,713 45,96 24,564 21,396 28,794 2,477 8,317 39.4 4 3 44 4 4 Black, 16 years and over Men Women 1,725 5,364 5,361 79 287 422 1,117 435 682 8,899 4,642 4,257 6,956 3,366 3,59 1,943 1,276 667 3 39.9 3 4 4 4.5 MARITAL STATUS Men, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated. Single (never married) 38,879 5,765 15,672 1,83 264 943 1,468 27 3,313 36,328 5,231 11,416 19,296 2,96 7,23 17,32 2,271 4,213 4 4 37 4 4 4 Women, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated. Single (never married) 27,64 9,166 12,129 1,288 529 661 6,253 1,197 3,339 19,523 7,44 8,129 14,657 5,252 5,941 4,866 2,188 2,188 3 38.4 3 4 4 4 35

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full or parttime status (Numbers in thousands) April Occupation and sex Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total On fulltime schedules 4 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules Total, 16 years and over 1 16,238 4,569 15,478 86,191 54,61 11,592 19,99 39.3 4 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 28,159 13,664 14,495 34,13 3,34 13,93 17,669 14,462 83 1,732 11,927 13,93 16,421 7,518 4,386 4,517 489 165 324 1,162 36 596 529 1,29 126 47 1,117 671 957 31 254 392 2,796 75 2,46 6,388 437 2,855 3,96 4,331 44 156 3,771 429 1,534 351 362 82 24,875 12,749 12,125 26,553 2,867 9,642 14,44 8,84 272 1,529 7,38 11,993 13,931 6,856 3,77 3,35 13,336 6,243 7,94 18,198 1,986 5,47 11,165 6,334 174 939 5,221 7,686 9,56 4,697 2,21 2,338 3,219 1,725 1,494 3,231 372 1,275 1,584 1,12 33 226 753 1,832 2,299 1,235 565 499 8,32 4,782 3,538 5,125 59 3,321 1,295 1,495 66 365 1,64 2,475 2,576 923 1,184 468 4 45 4.5 37.7 39.6 39 3 3 2 4 3 4 4. 4 36 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 4 47. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Men, 16 years and over 1 57,738 2,89 4,654 5,995 28,698 7,337 14,96 4 4 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 15,63 8,32 7,32 12,123 1,723 6,885 3,515 5,749 41 1,523 4,185 11,957 12,35 4,534 3,969 3,83 214 92 121 269 12 168 88 351 12 33 36 625 63 123 2 37 773 277 496 1,25 121 75 379 1,28 1 1 1,98 324 1,99 17 235 694 14,617 7,932 6,684 1,65 1,59 5,967 3,48 4,189 19 1,39 2,781 11,8 1,576 4,24 3,534 2,82 6,711 3,273 3,439 5,692 1,5 2,555 2,131 2,85 14 824 1,967 6,973 6,518 2,73 1,855 1,933 1,847 1,59 789 1,475 214 816 446 524 1 214 39 1,682 1,88 826 542 44 6,58 3,61 2,457 3,438 37 2,596 472 861 4 352 55 2,354 2,25 684 1,137 429 4 47.3 4 4 4 44 39.3 37.3 4 35 4 4.7 4 4 3 47.7 48.6 4 4 44 48. 4 44 4 43 4 4 4 4 42 Women, 16 years and over 1 48,51 2,48 1,824 35,197 25,911 4,255 5,3 3 4 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 12,556 5,363 7,193 21,98 1,617 6,29 14,154 8,713 762 29 7,741 1,136 4,116 2,984 418 715 275 72 23 894 24 428 441 939 114 13 811 46 327 187 54 85 2,23 473 1,55 5,138 316 2,15 2,717 3,123 394 56 2,673 15 435 181 127 127 1,258 4,817 5,441 15,948 1,277 3,676 1,995 4,651 254 14 4,258 985 3,355 2,616 236 53 6,625 2,97 3,655 12,56 98 2,491 9,34 3,529 16 115 3,254 714 2,538 1,967 166 45 1,371 666 75 1,755 158 459 1,138 488 31 12 444 151 49 49 23 59 2,262 1,181 1,81 1,687 139 725 823 634 63 13 559 121 326 24 47 4 38.9 4 3 35 36.7 3 3 3 2 3 3 38.8 38. 39 3 3 4 4 4 4.8 4.8 4 4 4 46.5 4 4 4 4 41 4 4.8 Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 36

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employment status and sex TOTAL May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Noninstitutional population 1 Labor force 1 Percent of population 2 Total employed 1 Employmentpopulation ratio 3 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate 4 Not in labor force 184,79 121,98 6 113,541 6 1,735 111,86 3,25 18,556 7,557 62,981 184,259 121,633 6 114,6 6 1,726 112,334 3,269 19,65 7,573 62,626 184,421 121,326 6 114,18 6 1,718 112,3 3,192 19,18 7,38 63,95 184,65 121,61 6 114,359 6 1,72 112,639 3,212 19,427 7,251 62,995 184,738 122,42 66 114,786 62 1,736 113,5 3,143 19,97 7,256 62,696 184,94 121,76 6 114,615 6 1,743 112,872 3,184 19,688 7,91 63,198 185,52 122,128 6 114,951 62 1,741 113,21 3,249 19,961 7,177 62,924 185,225 122,349 66 115,259 6 1,755 113,54 3,172 11,332 7,9 62,876 185,37 122,472 66 115,494 6 1,75 113,744 3,215 11,529 6,978 62,898 185,571 122,924 6 115,878 6 1,749 114,129 3,293 11,836 7,46 62,647 185,75 123,84 6 116,145 6 1,736 114,49 3,228 111,182 6,938 62,621 185,847 122,639 6 115,839 6 1,736 114,13 3,24 11,899 6,81 63,28 185,964 123,55 6 116,445 6 1,732 114,713 3,228 111,485 6,61 62,99 Men Noninstitutional population 1 Labor force 1 Percent of population 2 Total employed 1 Employmentpopulation ratio 3 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 4 Not in labor force 88,271 67,64 7 63,39 7 1,575 61,815 4,214 2,667 88,361 67,82 76.7 63,543 7 1,566 61,977 4,259 P.559 88,442 67,623 76.5 63,543 7 1,559 61,984 4,8 2,819 88,534 67,671 7 63,711 7 1,561 62,15 3,96 2,863 88,598 67,937 76.7 63,916 72 1,575 62,341 4,21 2,661 88,683 67,776 7 63,949 72 1,581 62,368 3,827 2,97 88,756 67,947 7 64,48 7 1,58 62,468 3,899 2,89 88,849 68,19 7 64,174 7 1,593 62,581 3,845 2,83 88,924 68,3 76.5 64,245 7 1,589 62,656 3,785 2,894 89,33 68,243 7 64,396 7 1,588 62,88 3,847 2,79 89,99 68,343 76.7 64,636 7 1,577 63,59 3,77 2,756 89,168 68,148 7 64,332 72 1,573 62,759 3,816 21,2 89,225 68,445 76.7 64,892 7 1,569 63,323 3,553 2,78 Women Noninstitutional population 1 Labor force 1 Percent of population 2 Total employed 1 Employmentpopulation ratio 3 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 4 Not in labor force 95,88 53,494 5 5,151 5 16 49,991 3,343 42,314 95,898 53,831 56 5,517 5 16 5,357 3,314 42,67 95,979 53,73 5 5,475 5 159 5,316 3,228 42,276 96,71 53,939 56 5,648 5 159 5,489 3,291 6 42,132 96,14 54,15 5 5,87 5 161 5,79 3,235 42,35 96,221 53,93 5 5,666 5 162 5,54 3,264 6 42,291 96,295 54,181 5 5,93 5 161 5,742 3,278 6 42,114 96,376 54,33 5 51,85 5 162 5,923 3,245 42,46 96,446 54,442 5 51,249 53 161 51,88 3,193 42,4 96,538 54,681 5 51,482 5 161 51,321 3,2 41,857 96,66 54,74 56.7 51,59 5 159 51,35 3,231 41,866 96,679 54,491 5 51,57 5 163 51,344 2,985 42,188 96,739 54,61 56.5 51,553 5 163 51,39 3,57 42,129 Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. 2 Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population. 3 Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population. 4 Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident Armed Forces). NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A32 through A41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 37

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, sex, and age TOTAL May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Civilian noninstitutional population 1. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Unemployed Unemployment rate 182,344 119,363 6 111,86 6 7,557 182,533 119,97 6 112,334 6 7,573 182,73 119,68 6 112,3 6 7,38 6 182,885 119,89 6 112,639 6 7,251 183,2 12,36 6 113,5 6 7,256 183,161 119,963 6 112,872 6 7,91 183,311 12,387 6 113,21 6 7,177 183,47 12,594 6 113,54 6 7,9 183,62 12,722 6 113,744 6 6,978 183,822 121,175 6 114,129 62 7,46 183,969 121,348 6 114,49 6 6,938 184,111 12,93 6 114,13 6 6,81 184,232 121,323 6 114,713 6 6,61 Men, 2 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 1. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 79,387 61,97 78 58,516 7 2,378 56,138 3,454 17,417 79,474 62,129 78 58,673 7 2,383 56,29 3,456 17,345 79,536 62,54 78. 58,632 7 2,316 56,316 3,422 17,482 79,625 62,16 78. 58,783 7 2,333 56,45 3,323 17,519 79,668 62,83 77.9 58,825 7 2,289 56,536 3,258 17,585 79,74 62,85 77.9 58,967 7 2,345 56,622 3,118 17,655 79,87 62,211 78. 59,37 7 2,343 56,694 3,174 5 17,596 79,885 62,299 78. 59,164 74 2,297 56,867 3,135 17,586 8,2 62,248 77.8 59,185 7 2,298 56,887 3,63 17,754 8,12 62,44 77.9 59,287 7 2,323 56,964 3,154 5 17,68 8,23 62,696 78 59,625 7 2,28 57,344 3,71 17,57 8,26 62,497 77.9 59,47 7 2,253 57,154 3,89 17,763 8,326 62,791 78 59,883 7 2,255 57,627 2,99 17,535 Women, 2 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 1. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 88,395 49,494 5 46,761 5 63 46,158 2,733 38,91 88,464 49,728 5 47,28 5 629 46,399 2,7 38,736 88,546 49,722 5 47,88 5 619 46,469 2,634 38,824 88,632 49,886 5 47,26 5 62 46,586 2,68 38,746 88,685 49,969 5 47,38 5 69 46,699 2,661 38,716 88,785 49,922 5 47,251 5 6 46,651 2,671 38,863 88,843 5,95 5 47,48 5 636 46,844 2,615 38,748 88,923 5,254 56.5 47,634 5 636 46,998 2,62 38,669 89,1 5,361 5 47,75 5 643 47,17 2,611 38,649 89,11 5,558 56.7 47,977 5 646 47,331 2,581 5 38,552 89,178 5,64 5 48,5 5 654 47,351 2,635 38,538 89,261 5,542 5 48,132 5 656 47,476 2,411 38,719 89,37 5,612 56.7 48,17 5 692 47,478 2,442 38,695 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 14,562 7,899 5 6,529 4 269 6,26 1,37 17.3 6,663 14,595 8,5 5 6,633 4 257 6,376 1,417 17.6 6,545 14,621 7,832 5 6,58 4 257 6,323 1,252 1 6,789 14,628 7,898 5 6,65 4 259 6,391 1,248 1 6,73 14,649 8,254 5 6,917 47 245 6,672 1,337 1 6,395 14,637 7,956 5 6,654 4 239 6,415 1,32 1 6,681 14,661 8,81 55 6,693 4 27 6,423 1,388 17 6,58 14,663 8,41 5 6,76 4 239 6,467 1,335 1 6,622 14,69 8,113 5 6,89 4 274 6,535 1,34 16 6,496 14,592 8,177 5 6,865 47. 323 6,542 1,312 1 6,415 14,588 8,11 5 6,779 46.5 293 6,486 1,232 1 6,577 14,591 7,865 5 6,564 4 295 6,269 1,31 16.5 6,726 14,598 7,919 5 6,66 4 28 6,38 1,259 1 6,679 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. 38

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A34. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin WHITE May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Apr, Civilian noninstitutional population 1. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Unemployed Unemployment rate 156,676 12,972 6 97,338 62 5,634 156,811 13,416 6 97,829 6 5,587 156,93 13,15 6 97,698 6 5,452 157,58 13,248 6 97,917 6 5,331 157,134 13,516 6 98,181 6 5,335 157,242 13,357 6 98,69 6 5,288 5 157,342 13,669 6 98,317 6 5,352 157,449 13,731 6 98,492 6 5,239 5 157,552 13,97 6 98,779 6 5,128 157,676 14,252 66 99,44 6 5,28 157,773 14,53 6 99,474 6 5,56 157,868 14,171 6 99,274 6 4,897 157,943 14,574 6 99,751 6 4,824 Men, 2 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Unemployed Unemployment rate 54,124 78.4 51,46 7 2,664 54,238 78.5 51,626 7 2,612 54,227 78.4 51,591 7 2,636 54,198 7 51,67 7 2,528 54,183 78 51,715 7 2,468 54,213 78 51,83 7 2,41 54,375 78.4 51,864 7 2,511 54,381 7 51,969 7 2,412 54,368 78 52,46 7 2,322 54,455 7 52,53 7 2,42 54,65 78.5 52,389 7 2,26 4 54,522 78 52,245 7 2,277 54,699 78.5 52,538 7 2,161 Women, 2 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Unemployed Unemployment rate 41,984 5 4,32 5 1,952 42,182 5 4,268 53 1,914 42,137 5 4,265 53 1,872 42,241 5 4,343 5 1,898 42,332 5 4,449 5 1,883 42,38 5 4,49 5 1,899 42,379 5 4,538 5 1,841 42,464 5 4,66 5 1,858 42,569 5 4,712 5 1,857 42,71 56 4,896 5 1,813 42,915 5 4,985 5 1,93 42,841 5 41,183 5 1,658 42,986 5 41,297 54 1,689 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.., Unemployed Unemployment rate Men Women 6,864 57.5 5,846 48.9 1,18 1 1 1 6,996 58.5 5,935 49.7 1,61 1 17. 1 6,786 56.7 5,842 48.8 944 1 1 1 6,89 5 5,94 49.3 95 1 1 13 7,1 58.5 6,17 5.3 984 14 1 1 6,836 57 5,857 49. 979 1 15 1 6,915 57.9 5,915 49.5 1, 1 15 1 6,886 57.7 5,917 49.6 969 14 1 1 6,97 58.6 6,21 5.6 949 1 1 1 7,87 59.6 6,95 51 992 1 1 1 6,965 58.6 6,1 5 865 1 1 1 6,87 57 5,845 49 962 14 1 1 6,889 58. 5,916 49.8 973 14 1 1 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population 1.. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2... Unemployed Unemployment rate 2,279 12,778 6 11,114 5 1,664 1 2,312 12,889 6 11,129 5 1,76 1 2,341 12,892 6 11,238 5 1,654 1 2,373 13,39 6 11,381 5 1,658 1 2,396 13,15 6 11,513 5 1,637 1 2,426 13,28 6 11,421 5 1,67 1 2,453 13,152 6 11,556 56.5 1,596 12 2,482 13,193 6 11,589 5 1,64 1 2,58 13,215 6 11,65 5 1,61 1 2,539 13,222 6 11,68 /56.5 1^614 1 2,569 13,168 6 11,54 5 1,663 1 2,596 13,98 6 11,42 5 1,678 1 2,622 13,78 6 11,482 5 1,597 1 Men, 2 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2... Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,98 7 5,322 6 658 11. 6,37 7 5,296 6 741 1 6,3 7 5,319 6 684 1 6,61 75 5,384 66.7 677 11 6,54 7 5,47 6 647 1.7 6,32 7 5,421 67. 611 1 6,23 7 5,431 67. 592 9.8 6,45 7 5,43 6 615 1 6,43 7 5,43 6 613 1 6,115 7 5,497 67.5 618 1 6,166 7 5,472 67 694 1 6,127 7 5,429 6 699 1 6,163 7 5,511 67.3 652 1.6 Women, 2 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2... Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,943 58.9 5,254 52 689 1 5,987 59.3 5,292 5 695 1 6,33 59.6 5,349 5 684 1 6,116 6.4 5,417 5 699 1 6,122 6.3 5,43 5 692 1 6,67 59.7 5,357 5 71 1 6,177 6.7 5,495 5 682 11. 6,27 5,537 5 67 1.8 6,224 61. 5,544 5 68 1.9 6,244 61 5,55 5 694 11 6,131 59.9 5,495 5 636 1.4 6,136 59.9 5,465 5 671 1.9 6,93 59.4 5,47 5 686 1 See footnotes at end of table. 39

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted Continued (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin BLACK Continued Both sexes, 16 to 19 years May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Unemployed Unemployment rate Men Women 855 39.6 538 2 317 37 37.8 3 865 4. 541 2 324 37.5 3 3 856 39.5 57 2 286 3 3 3 862 39.8 58 2 282 3 3 33 974 4 676 31 298 3.6 3 27 929 4 643 29.6 286 3.8 3 3. 952 4 63 29. 322 3 3 3 941 4 622 28.6 319 3 3 3 948 4 631 29 317 3 3 3 863 39.8 561 2 32 3 35 3 87 4. 537 2 333 3 4 3 834 3 526 2 38 3 39. 3 822 37.7 564 2 258 3 27.6 3 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population 1. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employmentpopulation ratio 2.. Unemployed Unemployment rate 12,77 8,468 6 7,686 6 782 9 12,89 8,549 66.7 7,797 752 8.8 12,848 8,468 6 7,738 6 73 8.6 12,887 8,447 6 7,762 6 685 8 12,925 8,549 66 7,856 6.8 693 8 12,965 8,581 6 7,877 6.8 74 8 13,3 8,654 6 7,935 61. 719 13,43 8,763 67 7,978 61 785 9. 13,82 8,772 67 8,58 6 714 8 13,115 8,879 67.7 8,238 6 642 7 13,153 9,17 68.6 8,268 6 749 13,192 8,83 66.7 8,79 61 724 8 13,23 8,828 66.7 8,1 6.5 818 9.3 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanicorigin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. A35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Category May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. CHARACTERISTIC Total Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 111,86 112,334 4,21 4,75 28,13 28,314 5,971 5,963 112,3 4,12 28,282 6,11 112,639 4,262 28,283 6,33 113,5 4,38 28,189 6,17 112,872 4,44 28,69 6,151 113,21 4,556 28,99 6,178 113,54 4,645 28,175 6,237 113,744 4,711 28,249 6,227 114,129 4,44 28,441 6,168 114,49 4,475 28,77 6,157 114,13 4,481 28,85 6,16 114,713 4,459 28,859 6,55 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers 1,599 1,488 17 1,16 16,518 83,588 1,234 82,354 8,139 268 1,672 1,429 165 1,634 16,78 83,926 1,24 82,686 8,157 276 1,622 1,43 162 1,51 16,92 83,59 1,163 82,427 8,293 274 1,625 1,424 153 1,825 16,876 83,949 1,212 82,737 8,216 266 1,591 1,393 155 11,241 16,794 84,447 1,175 83,272 8,214 248 1,624 1,415 139 11,282 16,928 84,354 1,1 83,254 8,24 297 1,75 1,43 14 11,522 17,33 84,489 1,222 83,267 8,274 242 1,595 1,47 155 11,943 17,118 84,825 1,286 83,539 8,222 235 1,599 1,45 156 11,997 17,64 84,933 1,2 83,733 8,28 248 1,666 1,454 138 12,57 17,197 85,31 1,147 84,163 8,15 237 1,677 1,414 114 12,683 16,948 85,735 1,17 84,565 8,312 228 1,648 1,423 142 12,279 16,98 85,371 1,175 84,196 8,366 248 1,678 1,385 155 12,538 17,15 85,523 1,92 84,431 8,637 281 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1 All industries: Part time for economic reasons. Slack work Could only find parttime work.. Voluntary part time Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons. Slack work Could only find parttime work.. Voluntary part time 5,394 2,345 2,725 13,94 5,14 2,163 2,648 13,544 5,333 2,29; 2,677 14,498 5,58 2,126 2,63 13,995 5,254 2,345 2,62: 14,836 4,979 2,176 2,53 14,334 5,428 2,429 2,683 14,437 5,154 2,261 2,599 13,953 5,283 2,468 2,526 14,573 5,16 2,265 2,463 14,99 5,261 2,213 2,683 14,415 4,986 2,34 2,63 13,987 5,353 2,377 2,655 14,488 5,67 2,196 2,557 14,11 5,534 2,48 2,696 14,523 5,241 2,29 2,597 14,64 5,26; 2,284 2,638 14,711 5,4 2,111 2,55; 14,22; 5,367 2,396 2,64 14,571 5,145 2,26 2,566 14,96 5,566 2,478 2,598 14,57; 5,254 2,327 2,457 14,123 5,343 2,52 2,535 14,63 5,16 2,325 2,47! 14,141 5,194 2,236 2,52 15,16 4,924 2,121 2,397 14,592 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. 4

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Sex and age May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Total, 16 years and over... 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 111,86 112,334 112,3 112,639 113,5 112,872 113,21 113,54 113,744 114,129 114,49 114,13 114,713 2,19 6,529 2,655 3,872 13,58 91,675 77,294 14,373 2,28 6,633 2,72 3,93 13,575 92,87 77,621 14,452 2,69 6,58 2,694 3,871 13,489 92,234 77,726 14,537 2,184 6,65 2,76 3,875 13,534 92,551 78,15 14,497 2,475 6,917 2,849 3,996 13,558 92,66 78,22 14,498 2,116 6,654 2,754 3,911 13,462 92,735 78,37 14,491 2,96 6,693 2,768 3,936 13,43 93,71 78,477 14,641 2,65 6,76 2,734 3,985 13,359 93,424 78,731 14,663 2,112 6,89 2,826 3,994 13,33 93,625 78,916 14,716 2,312 6,865 2,776 4,61 13,447 93,778 79,17 14,581 2,271 6,779 2,752 4,45 13,491 94,118 79,351 14,673 19,916 6,564 2,657 3,96 13,353 94,239 79,588 14,566 19,99 6,66 2,682 3,967 13,33 94,686 79,946 14,712 Men, 16 years and over 61,815 61,977 61,984 62,15 62,341 62,368 62,468 62,581 62,656 62,88 63,59 62,759 63,323 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1,423 3,299 1,353 1,948 7,124 51,385 42,94 8,48 1,392 3,34 1,362 1,94 7,88 51,554 43,2 8,544 1,366 3,352 1,373 1,96 7,14 51,61 43,71 8,561 1,441 3,367 1,417 1,938 7,74 51,733 43,23 8,524 1,586 3,516 1,41 2,46 7,7 51,781 43,289 8,53 1,448 3,41 1,391 2,21 7,47 51,9 43,48 8,514 1,43 3,431 1,49 2,34 6,972 52,47 43,488 8,58 1,37 3,417 1,39 2,4 6,953 52,21 43,592 8,65 1,369 3,471 1,451 2,35 6,898 52,299 43,69 8,629 1,456 3,521 1,444 2,53 6,935 52,338 43,848 8,47 1,444 3,434 1,46 2,46 7,1 52,623 43,992 8,567 1,349 3,352 1,376 1,982 6,998 52,469 43,975 8,467 1,427 3,44 1,397 2,42 6,987 52,862 44,336 8,53 Women, 16 years and over 49,991 5,357 5,316 5,489 5,79 5,54 5,742 5,923 51,88 51,321 51,35 51,344 51,39 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 9,686 3,23 1,32 1,924 6,456 4,29 34,39 5,893 9,816 3,329 1,34 1,99 6,487 4,533 34,619 5,98 9,73 3,228 1,321 1,911 6,475 4,633 34,655 5,976 9,743 3,283 1,343 1,937 6,46 4,818 34,812 5,973 9,889 3,41 1,439 1,95 6,488 4,825 34,913 5,995 9,668 3,253 1,363 1,89 6,415 4,835 34,899 5,977 9,693 3,262 1,359 1,92 6,431 41,24 34,989 6,61 9,695 3,289 1,344 1,945 6,46 41,214 35,139 6,58 9,743 3,338 1,375 1,959 6,45 41,326 35,226 6,87 9,857 3,344 1,332 2,8 6,513 41,44 35,322 6,111 9,826 3,345 1,346 1,999 6,481 41,495 35,359 6,16 9,567 3,212 1,281 1,924 6,355 41,77 35,613 6,99 9,563 3,22 1,285 1,925 6,343 41,824 35,61 6,182 A37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Sex and age May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Total, 16 years and over... 7,557 7,573 7,38 7,251 7,256 7,91 7,177 7,9 6,978 7,46 6,938 6,81 6,61 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 2,92 1,37 62 733 1,532 4,667 4,143 55 2,895 1,417 717 72 1,478 4,657 4,134 532 2,756 1,252 623 657 1,54 4,52 4,42 475 2,71 1,248 586 624 1,453 4,538 4,78 462 2,736 1,337 638 688 1,399 4,544 4,5 483 2,692 1,32 618 71 1,39 4,445 3,931 499 2,689 1,388 71 679 1,31 4,482 3,993 474 2,641 1,335 649 691 1,36 4,442 3,99 513 2,547 1,34 613 688 1,243 4,412 3,939 488 2,659 1,312 638 689 1,347 4,393 3,896 527 2,525 1,232 58 655 1,293 4,416 3,926 499 2,637 1,31 568 732 1,336 4,161 3,73 441 2,532 1,259 58 658 1,273 4,82 3,625 446 Men, 16 years and over... 4,214 4,259 4,8 3,96 4,21 3,827 3,899 3,845 3,785 3,847 3,77 3,816 3,553 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1,576 76 36 41 816 2,651 2,34 327 1,586 83 41 42 783 2,648 2,31 348 1,474 658 325 357 816 2,585 2,271 31 1,415 637 292 37 778 2,535 2,238 3 1,518 763 363 387 755 2,528 2,215 32 1,435 79 341 382 726 2,427 2,139 283 1,432 725 372 354 77 2,462 2,182 277 1,414 71 356 355 74 2,419 2,19 313 1,378 722 347 367 656 2,39 2,112 282 1,456 693 348 36 763 2,391 2,7 351 1,333 636 285 354 697 2,39 2,95 35 1,423 727 313 414 696 2,385 2,89 299 1,315 644 291 352 671 2,243 1,951 276 Women, 16 years and over 3,343 3,314 3,228 3,291 3,235 3,264 3,278 3,245 3,193 3,2 3,231 2,985 3,57 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1,326 61 26 332 716 2,16 1,839 178 1,39 614 316 3 695 2,9 1,824 184 1,282 594 298 3 688 1,917 1,771 174 1,286 611 294 317 675 2,3 1,84 162 1,218 574 275 31 644 2,16 1,835 181 1,257 593 277 319 664 2,18 1,792 216 1,257 663 338 325 594 2,2 1,811 197 1,227 625 293 336 62 2,23 1,8 2 1,169 582 266 321 587 2,22 1,827 26 1,23 619 29 329 584 2,2 1,826 175 1,192 596 295 31 596 2,26 1,831 194 1,214 574 255 318 64 1,776 1,641 142 1,217 615 289 36 62 1,838 1,674 17 41

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Civilian workers) Sex and age Total, 16 years and over... May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 6 Jan. 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1 17.3 18.9 1 1 5 1 17.6 21. 1 9.8 5 12 1 18.8 1 1. 1 1 17.5 1 9.7 3 1 1 1 1 9.4 1 1 1 1 9.4 1 17 2.4 1 8.8 3 1 1 19 1 8.9 11 16 17.8 1 8.5 1 1 18.7 1 9 11 1 17.4 1 8.7 1 16.5 17.6 1 9 11 1 17.8 1 8.7 4 Men, 16 years and over... 6 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 13 18.7 21. 17 1.3 5 1 19.6 2 17 9.9 5 1 1 19 1 1.4 1 1 17 1 9.9 1 17.8 2.5 1 9.6 12 17.3 19.7 1 9.3 12 17.4 2.9 1 9 3 1 17 2.4 1 9 1 17 19.3 1 8.7 1 1 19.4 1 9.9 1 1 1 1 9. 12 17.8 18.5 17.3 9 11 1 17 1 8.8 4 3 Women, 16 years and over 6 6 6 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1 1 1 1 1. 5 1 1 19 13 9.7 1 1 18.4 1 9.6 1 1 18. 14 9.5 11. 1 1 1 9. 1 1 1 1 9.4 1 1 19.9 1 8.5 3 11 1 17.9 1 8.6 1.7 1 1 14 8.4 1.9 1 17.9 14 8 1.8 15 18. 13 8.4 3 1 1 1 1 9 4 1 1 18.4 1 8.7 A39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted (Unemployment rates) Category CHARACTERISTIC May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec, Jan. Total (all civilian workers) Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 17.3 17.6 6 1 1 1 1 5 17 1 16 5 5 1 1 16.5 1 White Black and other Black Hispanic origin 1 1 9 12 1 8.8 1 1 8.6 1 1 8 1 1 8 5 1.9 1 8 1.8 12 5 11. 1 9. 1.9 1 8 1.9 1 7 1 1 1 1 8 1.7 1 9.3 Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.3 9. 8.8 8.9 8.5 8.4 8.9 4 7.5 8.7 Fulltime workers Parttime workers Unemployed 15 weeks and over 1 Labor force time lost 2 8.6 7.3 8.7 7.3 7 7 8 8 8.4 8 8. 7.9 7.7 6.5 5 7.4 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goodsproducing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Serviceproducing industries Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 7.7 11 1 7 9.5 7.7 1 12 6.5 7. 9.4 6 7 9.5 1 6 7 9.3 6 7 7.9 1.8 5 1.9 8.6 1 7. 1.6 7. 7.4 1 4 8.6 7. 11 6.5 6.5 1.6 6.5 7. 1.6 11 8. 1.6 5 1.9 7 7.7 1 6 1 7.8 11. 5 1 6.5 7.9 1.7 11. 6.5 8.4 1.6 4 1.6 42 1 2 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A4. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Weeks of unemployment DURATION May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 3,195 2,256 2,6 984 1,76 3,38 2,165 2,67 974 1,93 3,138 2,151 2,29 973 1,56 3,186 2,144 1,92 945 975 3,23 2,142 1,896 834 1,62 3,22 1,949 1,94 917 987 3,223 2,93 1,81 844 957 3,218 2,29 1,834 899 935 3,229 1,968 1,791 892 899 3,89 2,263 1,733 839 894 3,84 2,145 1,74 841 899 3,9 2,11 1,722 887 835 3,125 1,956 1,54 725 816 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 1. 4 3. 27.4 13 1 1. 4 28.7 27.4 1 1 1. 4 29.4 27.7 1 1 1. 4 29.6 26.5 1 1 1. 4 29.6 2 1 1 1. 4 27.6 2 1 1 1. 4 29.4 2 1 1 1. 4 28.7 2 1 1 1. 4 28 2 1 1 1. 4 3 2 1 1 1. 4 3.8 2 12 1 1. 4 3.8 2 1 1 1. 47 29.5 2 1.9 1 A41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Reasons for unemployment NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,75 963 2,742 955 1,965 918 3,612 924 2,688 931 1,995 999 3,554 919 2,635 959 1,98 854 3,529 916 2,613 989 1,93 844 3,389 874 2,515 992 1,969 855 3,313 82 2,493 981 1,98 882 3,388 944 2,444 96 1,845 914 3,37 878 2,429 926 1,974 855 3,2 856 2,344 946 1,945 99 3,29 888 2,32 1,82 1,917 885 3,27 884 2,323 961 1,951 864 3,139 899 2,24 1,75 1,756 887 2,916 821 2,95 993 1,784 915 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1. 49 1 3 1 26 1 1. 47.9 1 3 1 26.5 1 1. 48.4 1 3 13 2 1 1. 48.4 1 3 1 26.5 1 1. 47. 12 3 1 27.3 1 1. 4 1 3 1 2 1 1. 47.7 1 3 1 2 1 1. 4 1 3 13 28. 12 1. 4 1 3 1 27.8 1 1. 4 1 3 1 27. 1 1. 4 1 3 1 27.9 1 1. 4 13 3 1 2 1 1. 44 1 3 1 27. 1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3.8.8.8.8.8.7.8.7.8.7.8.7.8.8.8.7.8.8.9.7.8.7.9.7.8.8 43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT B1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date (In thousands) Goodsproducing Serviceproducing Year and month Total Total private Total Mining Total Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and Services real estate Government Federal State Local 1936 1937 1938 1939 29,68 31,11 29,194 3,63 25,4 27,255 25,311 26,68 11,933 12,936 11,41 12,297 946 1,15 891 854 1,16 1,127 1,7 1,165 9,827 1,794 9,44 1,278 17,135 18,75 17,793 18,36 Annual averages 2,973 3,134 2,863 2,936 1,762 4,664 1,373 1,417 1,41 1,447 3,312 3,53 3,458 3,52 95 O 194 1941 1942 1943 ^1944 1945 1946, 1947 1948 1949 32,361 36,539 4,16 42,434 41,864 4,374 41,652 43,857 44,866 43,754 28,159 31,877 34,624 36,356 35,822 34,431 36,56 38,382 39,216 37,897 13,221 15,963 18,47 2,114 19,328 17,57 17,248 18,59 18,774 17,565 925 957 992 925 892 836 862 955 994 93 1,311 1,814 2,198 1,587 1,18 1,147 1,683 2,9 2,198 2,194 1,985 13,192 15,28 17,62 17,328 15,524 14,73 15,545 15,582 14,441 19,14 2,574 21,636 22,32 22,536 22,867 24,44 25,348 26,92 26,189 3,38 3,274 3,46 3,647 3,829 3,96 4,61 4,166 4,189 4,1 1,835 1,96 1,96 1,822 1,845 1,949 2,291 2,471 2,65 2,62 4,914 5,251 5,212 5,16 5,214 5,365 6,84 6,485 6,667 6,662 1,485 1,525 1,59 1,481 1,461 1,481 1,675 1,728 1,8 1,828 3,665 3,95 4,66 4,13 4,145 4,222 4,697 5,25 5,181 5,24 996 1,34 2,213 2,95 2,928 2,88 2,254 1,892 1,863 1,98 O O () O O o 195 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 2 45,197 47,819 48,793 5,22 48,99 5,641 52,369 52,853 51,324 53,268 39,17 41,43 42,185 43,556 42,238 43,727 45,91 45,239 43,483 45,186 18,56 19,959 2,198 21,74 19,751 2,513 21,14 2,964 19,513 2,411 91 929 898 866 791 792 822 828 751 732 2,364 2,637 2,668 2,659 2,646 2,839 3,39 2,962 2,817 3,4 15,241 16,393 16,632 17,549 16,314 16,882 17,243 17,174 15,945 16,675 26,691 27,86 28,595 29,128 29,239 3,128 31,266 31,889 31,811 32,857 4,34 4,226 4,248 4,29 4,84 4,141 4,244 4,241 3,976 4,11 2,635 2,727 2,812 2,854 2,867 2,926 3,18 3,28 2,98 3,82 6,751 7,15 7,192 7,393 7,368 7,61 7,84 7,858 7,77 8,45 1,888 1,956 2,35 2,111 2,2 2,298 2,389 2,438 2,481 2,549 5,357 5,547 5,699 5,835 5,969 6,24 6,497 6,78 6,765 7,87 1,928 2,32 2,42 2,35 2,188 2,187 2,29 2,217 2,191 2,233 1,168 1,25 1,328 1,415 1,484 o o 3,558 3,819 4,71 4,232 4,366 196 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 54,189 53,999 55,549 56,653 58,283 6,765 63,91 65,83 67,897 7,384 45,836 45,44 46,66 47,429 48,686 5,689 53,116 54,413 56,58 58,189 2,434 19,857 2,451 2,64 21,5 21,926 23,158 23,38 23,737 24,361 712 672 65 635 634 632 627 613 66 619 2,926 2,859 2,948 3,1 3,97 3,232 3,317 3,248 3,35 3,575 16,796 16,326 16,853 16,995 17,274 18,62 19,214 19,447 19,781 2,167 33,755 34,142 35,98 36,13 37,278 38,839 4,743 42,495 44,16 46,23 4,4 3,93 3,96 3,93 3,951 4,36 4,158 4,268 4,318 4,442 3,143 3,133 3,198 3,248 3,337 3,466 3,597 3,689 3,779 3,97 8,248 8,24 8,368 8,53 8,823 9,25 9,648 9,917 1,32 1,798 2,629 2,688 2,754 2,83 2,911 2,977 3,58 3,185 3,337 3,512 7,378 7,62 7,982 8,277 8,66 9,36 9,498 1,45 1,567 11,169 2,27 2,279 2,34 2,358 2,348 2,378 2,564 2,719 2,737 2,758 1,536 1,67 1,668 1,747 1,856 1,996 2,141 2,32 2,442 2,533 4,547 4,78 4,881 5,121 5,392 5,7 6,8 6,371 6,66 6,94 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 7,88 71,214 73,675 76,79 78,265 76,945 79,382 82,471 86,697 89,823 58,325 58,331 6,341 63,58 64,95 62,259 64,511 67,344 71,26 73,876 23,578 22,935 23,668 24,893 24,794 22,6 23,352 24,346 25,585 26,461 623 69 628 642 697 752 779 813 851 958 3,588 3,74 3,889 4,97 4,2 3,525 3,576 3,851 4,229 4,463 19,367 18,623 19,151 2,154 2,77 18,323 18,997 19,682 2,55 21,4 47,32 48,278 5,7 51,897 53,471 54,345 56,3 58,125 61,113 63,363 4,515 4,476 4,541 4,656 4,725 4,542 4,582 4,713 4,923 5,136 3,993 4,1 4,113 4,277 4,433 4,415 4,546 4,78 4,969 5,24 11,47 11,351 11,836 12,329 12,554 12,645 13,29 13,88 14,573 14,989 3,645 3,772 3,98 4,46 4,148 4,165 4,271 4,467 4,724 4,975 11,548 11,797 12,276 12,857 13,441 13,892 14,551 15,33 16,252 17,112 2,731 2,696 2,684 2,663 2,724 2,748 2,733 2,727 2,753 2,773 2,664 2,747 2,859 2,923 3,39 3,179 3,273 3,377 3,474 3,541 7,158 7,437 7,79 8,146 8,47 8,758 8,865 9,23 9,446 9,633 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 9,46 91,156 89,566 9,2 94,496 97,519 99,61 12,112 74,166 75,126 73,729 74,33 78,472 81,125 82,9 85,49 25,658 25,497 23,813 23,334 24,727 24,859 24,681 24,884 1,27 1,139 1,128 952 966 927 783 741 4,346 4,188 3,95 3,948 4,383 4,673 4,94 5,31 2,285 2,17 18,781 18,434 19,378 19,26 18,994 19,112 64,748 65,659 65,753 66J366 69,769 72,66 74,93 77,228 5,146 5,165 5,82 4,954 5,159 5,238 5,244 5,378 5,275 5,358 5,278 5,268 5,555 5,717 5,735 5,797 15,35 15,189 15,179 15,613 16,545 17,356 17,845 18,264 5,16 5,298 5,341 5,468 5,689 5,955 6,297 6,589 17,89 18,619 19,36 19,694 2,797 22, 23,99 24,137 2,866 2,772 2,739 2,774 2,87 2,875 2,899 2,943 3,61 3,64 3,64 3,662 3,734 3,832 3,888 3,952 9,765 9,619 9,458 9,434 9,482 9,687 9,923 1,167 : April May June July August September October November December : January February MarchP April? 11,598 11,78 11,818 12,126 12,275 12,434 12,983 13,285 13,612 13,827 14,365 14,661 14,835 84,56 84,677 84,787 85,16 85,229 85,386 85,795 86,72 86,341 86,56 87,63 87,29 87,461 24,759 24,752 24,761 24,85 24,886 24,917 25,64 25,169 25,259 25,25 25,354 25,449 25,56 729 735 738 744 751 759 764 759 756 746 748 751 767 5,19 4,999 5,8 5,2 5,6 4,989 5,53 5,74 5,121 5,58 5,185 5,265 5,262 19,11 19,18 19,15 19,14 19,129 19,169 19,247 19,336 19,382 19,41 19,421 19,433 19,477 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 76,839 76,956 77,57 77,276 77,389 77,517 77,919 78,116 78,353 78,622 79,11 79,212 79,329 5,348 5,344 5,35 5,363 5,377 5,416 5,436 5,459 5,473 5,485 5,57 5,533 5,545 5,772 5,775 5,781 5,797 5,87 5,815 5,831 5,851 5,871 5,884 5,95 5,93 5,945 18,197 18,25 18,226 18,274 18,256 18,314 18,48 18,443 18,458 18,619 18,76 18,687 18,73 6,558 6,576 6,586 6,68 6,624 6,629 6,65 6,657 6,668 6,684 6,689 6,71 6,718 23,926 24,25 24,83 24,214 24,279 24,295 24,46 24,493 24,612 24,683 24,92 24,99 25,44 2,933 2,935 2,935 2,936 2,94 2,962 2,965 2,977 2,981 2,977 2,976 2,969 2,962 3,943 3,947 3,932 3,952 3,964 3,957 3,973 3,978 3,996 3,996 4,2 4,19 4,35 1,162 1,149 1,164 1,132 1,142 1,129 1,25 1,258 1,294 1,294 1,324 1,383 1,377 1 Not available. 2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an increase of 212, (.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1986) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1983) are subject to revision. 45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Total 1,462 11,381 12,969 13,754 14,68 Total private 83,152 84,3 85,396 86,45 86,914 67,12 67,918 68,85 69,45 7,179 Mining 718 722 742 746 759 56 511 533 536 545 Metal mining Iron ores Copper ores 1 11 12 4 8.9 1 4 9 1 4 9.6 1 47. 1 1 3 9.9 3 7. 3 7.4 1.7 36 8. 1.7 Coal mining Bituminous coal and lignite mining 11,12 12 16 1 161 158.8 159.4 157.3 15 15 13 131. 13 129.6 129.9 128 12 12 Oil and gas extraction 13 Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids... 131,2 Oil and gas field services 138 48.5 2 2 49. 2 2 435 2.6 23 437 2 23 44 26 1 16 26 1 16 29 99.7 19 29 1. 19 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel Chemical and fertilizer minerals 14 142 144 147 1 3 3.5 17.7 19.7 4 3 17.8 1 36 28.7 18 16.5 38.5 3.6 18 78.8 29 8 3 7 27.3 29.6 Construction 4,599 4,843 4,641 4,812 5,78 3,522 3,75 3,532 3,689 3,936 General building contractors Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction 15 152 153 154 1,19 61 5 527.6 1,22 637.6 5 53 1,197.9 62 5 519.5 1,227.4 647.3 5 53. 1,27 858.5 427 27.3 44 88 446 27 48.5 85 43 2 39 879. 45 2 4 Heavy construction contractors Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 16 161 162 676 22 45 75 27 479 658.8 218.4 44.4 77.8 24 46 55 177.8 37 627. 22 4.6 53 169.6 36 58.5 19 38 Special trade contractors Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, and decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 2,72 62 15 518.8 44 169 19 2,86 629.4 16 52 47.3 177.3 2 2,78 649. 147. 55.7 44 15 18 2,87 65 15 55 46. 157.9 198.8 2,111. 456 12 39 37 129 149.4 2,24 46.7 135 4.7 398.5 13 161 2,14 47 119.6 42 37 118.9 14 2,229.6 477 12 428.6 391. 12. 154 Manufacturing 18,897 18,926 19,288 19,334 19,391 12,846 12,874 13,16 13,196 13,241 Durable goods 11,145 11,155 11,356 11,391 11,441 7,382 7,396 7,56 7,589 7,63 Lumber and wood products Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wood containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 71 7 196.5 159.3 3 25 97.8 69.4 2 38 4 68.5 4 8. 72 7 197.9 16.4 3 259 99.9 7.6 2 38.6 4.8 71 48 72 79. 2 16 3 25 99 69.4 2 38.8 67.5 4 8 73.9 7 2 16 3 258. 99.4 69.7 2 38.8 4 69.3 4 8 738.6 59 6 17 14.7 3 29 79 5 21. 3 3 51 3 66 6 6 17 14 3.3 21 81 5 2 35 3 5 38.9 66 6 6 178.6 14 3 21.6 79 5 2 3 3 49.7 36.7 6 68. 63 179.6 14 3 21 79.6 5 2 3 3 51 37. 67. 61 See footnotes at end of table. 46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC PnHe OUUc All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Durable goods Continued Furniture and fixtures Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Readymixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products Mineral wool Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries Fabricated metal products Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work See footnotes at end of table. 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 32 321 322 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 3296 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 343 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 5 3 13 9 28.4 3 6 27.9 7 3 569.9 15 87.9 4 4 5.5 2 37.4 3 199 19.4 67. 9 19 2.5 9 2 74 267. 21. 2 129.9 8.9 8.7 2 39.6 22 178. 2 27.6 7 8 5 1,41 5 4 13 4 7 2 2 427.5 76 89.7 9 18.5 28.8 5 3 13 9 28.5 3 6 28 7 3 58 1 87.7 4 4 5.7 2 37.9 3 29 2 68.6 11. 19.5 2.5 9 2 747.9 27 27.5 2 13 8 8.5 2 39.6 22 177 2 27.7 7 86 53 1,41 56.5 4 13 4 7 6.5 2 2 429.6 7 9 9 18.7 28.9 53 32 14 1 3.7 3 68.7 29.5 75 37.5 56 1 8 4 4 5 2.6 38 36.5 19 19 6 87.4 11.5 2.6 9 2 77 28 21 2 136.5 8 8.9 29 4 2 177.5 2 27.3 7 87.5 5 1,448.5 5 44 13 49.6 7 6 2 2 43 77.3 9 9 11.7 29. 53 32 143 1 3.3 3 68 29.5 75 37.5 57 1 86 4 4 5 2.7 38.6 37. 199.5 2. 67.4 9 11.3 2.7 9 2 77 28 217 2 138.6 8 9. 29.4 4 2 177.5 2 27.3 7 87.6 5 1,453 5 4 13 49.7 7 6 2 2 43 7 93 94 111 28.9 53 586 77 28 1,459 4 25 117.8 8.5 2 2 5. 2 51. 2 438 1 7 39.3 3 3 16.7 29.3 28.9 15 1 5.5 7 78. 1 7 55 199.8 151 1 1 6 19.7 27.5 1 127.4 17.8 2 5 69 4 1,47.4 48 39.7 98.7 34 57 4 18. 17 299.5 5 6 57.4 8.9 21. 4 256.5 118 8.8 2 2 5 2 51 2 449 1 7 39.5 3 3 1 29.8 28.8 16 1 52 8 78.7 1 7. 56 2 157.7 16.5 1 6 19.5 27.8 1 126.5 17.9 2.4 5 69 4 1,49.5 48.4 39.7 9 3 5 4 17.8 17 3 5 67.7 57.4 8.7 21. 42 27 12 87 2 2 5 2 54 2 433 11 7 38 3 38. 1 29.8 29 14 1 49.7 67.7 8.8 14 7. 587 219. 167.6 1 18.8 68.4 6.7 2 3.5 17.4 12 18. 19 5 7 4 1,7 47 38. 99.8 36.5 5 4 18.9 17.7 31 5 67.5 61 8 2 42 27 12 87 25 2 51 2 5 2 44 11 7 38 3 38 1 3 29.4 15 1 5.5 7 81. 1 59 22.4 168.7 1 11.8 69.9 6.7 2 3.7 17.5 127. 18 19 5 7.4 4 1,81 4 37.6 1.3 3 56 4 18.8 17.4 311. 5 67.6 62 8 2 42 45 59 22.6 1,8 47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC OUUc All employees P P Production workers P P Durable goods Continued Fabricated metal products Continued Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, except for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 9 4 49 24.6 31 1 9 11 7 4.4 79.3 46.5 29. 7 51 9 4 49.4 239.8 3.9 1 9 11 7 4.3 79.8 46.7 21.5 7 5 97.5 47.6 49.9 23 3.5 9 9 12 78.4 4 82 46.7 223 8 5 98 48 5. 236.7 3.3 9 98.7 12 78.4 4 8 4 22 8 5 7 36.7 3 19 2 87.6 7 91 59.3 3 5.4 28.7 15 5.7 38.7 72 3 3 19 2 87. 7 91. 59.4 3 5.7 28.5 15 5.9 39. 75 39.4 3 187.3 2 8 7 98.4 6 3 5.7 2 16 5 7 4. 3 189 2 8 75 9 6 3 51 2 16 5 Machinery, except electrical Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors and conveying equipment... Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves.. Machinery, except electrical, nee 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3573 358 3585 359 3592 3599 2,25 99 3.6 68.6 99.9 7 21 78.8 19.5 4.3 29.3 2 299. 4 19 14 5 21 157.5 37.6 19.7 2 25 4 43 2 3 19.5 1 45 399.7 17 12 27 3 237 2,2 98.8 3 68.7 11 7 21 7 19.5 4.3 29.3 2 298.6 4 19 14 5 21 157.6 37.4 19.9 26.7 252 4 43 2 3.5 2 1 45 398.5 17 12 27 3 237.8 2,16.5 98.5 2 7 11 8.8 23.9 8 21. 4 3. 26.5 3 4 19 14 5 21 16 39.5 21 27.8 26 45 4 2 3 2.5 17.3 47.3 41 179. 129 28 3 249 2,12 99.8 27. 7 11 8 23 8 2.9 4 3 26.7 3 4 19 14 56 21. 167 39.9 2 28. 26 4 4 2 3 2.6 17.4 47.9 413 18 13.5 28 3 25 2,128.4 1,2.8 62 1 4 6 4 126.5 4 1 2 1 17.8 21 29 1 19 37 1 9 2 1 1 16.5 2 3 1 19.3 1 1.6 147.7 12 124 9.8 2 29 177.8 1,2 62 1 4 67.3 4 12 4 1 2 1 17.7 21 28.7 1 19 37.5 1 9 2 1 1 1 2 3 12 19.6 1 1.9 147.5 12 12 91 26.7 28.8 177.9 1,268 6 1 5 8. 5 14.7 5 1 28 1 1 217.4 29. 1 11.6 39.8 1 99.3 2 1 16.5 168.5 26 3 1 2.4 14 1 15 127 128.4 9 21 28.4 187.5 1,28.9 66.5 1 51 8 5 14 52 1 28.7 1 18.5 218.6 28.9 1 11 4 1 1.6 2 1 1 169.4 26.5 3 1 2.4 1 1 15 127 129.3 9 218 28.5 189.6 1,287.3 Electrical and electronic equipment Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 2,9 1 5 5 18 9.8 59 13 28.6 2 33 2,8 1 49.9 5 18 89.6 58.8 13 28.5 2 3 2,12 17.4 51 5 18 9 59 13 28.8 2 3 2,127 17.4 51 5 187 9 59. 13 28.5 2 3 2,12 1,217 7 37.4 39.4 127.6 69 34 17 2 1 25 1,21 7 37. 39.6 12 6 3 1 2 17.8 2 1,248.4 77.9 37.4 4.5 129.6 7.7 3 18 2 17.6 28.6 1,25.7 77.4 37 4 13 71 3 17.7 23 17.7 28.9 1,25.3 See footnotes at end of table. 48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Durable goods Continued Electrical and electronic equipment Continued Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Noncurrentcarrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. ^electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 36713 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 19 27 74 16.7 27.9 79.4 6.7 617.4 118.4 499. 625 38.7 26 25 15 29 6 19 27. 7 1 27. 78.4 61 11 497.9 62 3 26 25 15.6 29. 6 19 27 7 1 27.5 77.8 59.9 69.5 11 49 662 38 279 269.8 152 3 6 19 27 7 1 27.4 77.6 59.5 69.7 114 49 666 38 28.8 27 15 3 6 139 2 4 1 2 5 4. 258.5 6 19 349.7 24 1 17.4 1 2 5. 138.7 2 48.6 1 2.5 5 39.8 257.5 67.4 19 35.4 2 1 171 1 2 49.7 1 2 49.6 12 2.5 5 39.7 256.7 67 189.6 37 2 19.3 18 17.7 2 49.8 14 2 49.8 12 2.4 5 39.3 257.4 67.3 19 37 2 11.5 18 17 2 49.7 Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts. Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 379 3792 2,2 857 38 4 38 28.8 689.3 349.9 15 18 18 128 58. 2 2 156 5 2.5 2,1 847 37 4 38 29 687.4 349.4 15 182 18 12 59.9 2 27 15 5 21 2,6.7 819.8 34 45 38 3 69 37.4 15 17 19 13.6 6 23 21 1 49.6 2.3 2,1 82 34 4 38 3 68 369.4 14 17 19 129.8 6 2 21 16 49.6 2.4 2,1 829.6 1,28 668.4 29 33 38.7 22 34 157.4 8 1 139 9 47. 1 69.9 5 3 1 1,269.7 659 28 3 3 2 34 15 8 17. 137.9 89 48.7 1 7 5.9 3 16.7 1,257.4 641 2 3 37.3 2 34 166 77.3 99.8 148.6 97.4 51 1 6 47.9 33 1 1,248. 643 26.7 3 38.5 25 33 16 68 99.3 147.6 9 5 1 6 48 33 1 1,25 648.8 Instruments and related products Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies.. Watches, clocks, and watchcases 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 69 83 239.5 41 5 1 3 179 8 79.4 18. 1 693 8 238 4.8 5 1.8 3 179.4 86 79.3 4 17.8 11 7 8 23 4 51 98.8 3 186.7 87.9 8 4 18.6 11 7 8 23 4 51. 99 3 187.8 8 8 4 17.8 1.9 7 377 37.3 134 2 2 51 1 17.4 49.3 5 27.5 47 8 37 37.4 13 2 26.7 5.6 1 17.4 49.3 5 28. 4 8. 38 38.6 13 2 27.7 48.9 1 11 5.8 5 3.4 4 8 387.6 38.6 13 2 27.7 49.7 1 11 5 5 3.5 46 8. 387 Miscellaneous manufacturing Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles. Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays 39 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 36 5 3 1 96.7 4 5 33 42 2 12 5 36 5 37 1 96.5 4 5 33 4 2 126 5 37 5 37 1 1 49.4 5 3 39.9 2 12 5 376.7 5 37.4 1 18 5.9 57.3 3 39.8 2 127.4 5 379.4 26 36.7 2 1 7 3 4.4 2 3 2 9 38.4 26 37 2 1 72 3 4.7 2 3 19.8 89.8 38 27.3 37.4 2 1.8 79. 3 4 2 29.9 17. 89.4 38.7 27 37.6 2 1.6 81 37. 4 2 29.8 1 9 38 277 See footnotes at end of table. 49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC PnHo All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. food and kindred products 2 21 211 213 216 22 222 226 23 232 233 237 24 241 248 25 251 252 26 2613 265 27 28 282 286 29 7,752 1,57 37 13 7 14 16 38 85 21 2 66.5 4 118.6 2 4 28.5 16 4 9 22 5 3 2 4. 12 16 7,771 1,579.3 37 13 7 14 164 38.8 8 21 24 6 4 118.8 2 4 29 16 4 9 2 49.8 3 28.6 4 124 167.9 7,932 1,6 388. 142 7 15 16 39.5 8 213 2 6 37.9 12 2 4 21 164 4 97.5 2 5 3 2 38.5 12 17.6 7,943 1,599. 387.6 14 7 15 16 4. 8 211 2 6 37 123 2 4 21. 16 4 9 2 5 3 2 38.7 12 17.7 7,95 1,59 5,464 1,98.7 31 11 5 13.6 98 29.8 4 172 17.5 5 3 81. 1 2 12 89 3 71 1 4 24 89. 2 4. 12 5,478 1,1.5 317 11 5 131 99. 29.5 4 171 16.7 5 3 8.7 1 2 12 89.8 3 68.4 1 4.3 2 89.7 2 4.5 12 5,6 1,122 329.5 119.4 5 137.8 97.7 3 42 169.5 17 5 3 8 16 27 127. 91 3 7 19.3 4 2 8 2 39.5 12 5,67 1,116.7 329. 118.7 5 138.4 99.3 3.8 4 167 17 5 3 8 1 2 12 91. 3 7 17.6 4 2 8 2 39.8 126.5 5,611 1,11 Tobacco manufactures Cigarettes 21 211 5 4.5 53 4. 5 39 5 39.5 51 4 3 39.7 3 4 28.9 39.4 29 3 Textile mill products Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 722 1 86 17.9 2 28.9 3 3 7 2 2 6.3 2 2 57.9 18 78.7 1 5 72 1 8 17.9 2 29.7 3 3 7 2 25 6.4 2 2 58 18 78.8 16 5 73 19.8 9.7 19 2 2 3 36.7 67.5 2 2 6 2 2 59.9 19.6 81 1 5 73 19.6 9.6 19.3 2 2 34 3 66.7 23 2 59.8 2 2 59.6 19.4 8.8 1 56.5 73.9 627 9 76.7 1 19.7 183 3 3 6 19.6 2 5.7 2 1 47 97 7 1 4 628.7 9 7 1 19.8 184 3 3 6 19.6 2 5.6 19.9 1 47 96.7 7 1 4 63 99 8.7 1 21. 18.5 3.5 3 6.5 19.6 2 5 19.7 17.8 48.6 98.4 7 1 44 637 99 8.7 1 21 179.7 3.7 33 59.6 19.6 2 49.7 19.8 17.8 4 9 7 1 4 63 Apparel and other textile products Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 1,1 57.4 37.6 8 5 9 36 51. 88.4 4.7 18 1,17.4 56.7 311 8 5 9 358.9 5 87.5 4.6 18.6 1,11 57.9 32.4 8 5 98.5 35 48.9 8 4 179.5 1,117 57.9 32.4 8 5 97.8 35 48.5 84 43 181 1,116 92 49 26 73 47.5 8.8 31 4 74 3 15 93 48.5 269 74 47.5 8 299.6 4 7 3 15 939. 5 211A 73 48 86.5 29 4.6 68.7 3 15 94 5 27 7 48 8 298 4 69.3 35 15 94.5 See footnotes at end of table. 5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Nondurable goods Continued Apparel and other textile products Continued Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 7 57.7 1 5 2 4 19.4 2 5.9 4 7 6. 1 5 23 4 19.4 2 5 39.8 7 58.7 1 57.5 2 41 19 2 5 38.8 7 5 1 5 2 41 19 2 5 39. 59. 48.9 1 47.6 2.6 3 156 2 4 3 5.9 1. 4 2 3 15 2 4 3 59.4 5.3 9 48 2.9 34 161 2 4 3 59 49.9 9 4 19.7 3 16.7 22 4 3 Paper and allied products Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers 26 261,2,6 262 263 264 2641 2642 2643 265 2651 2653 2654 67 19 169.3 5 23 58. 27. 5 197.4 4 1 2 67 19 168 5 23 57.8 2 5 196.7 4 1 2 677.8 19 168.6 5 23 58. 27.4 5 2. 4 16 2 678 19 168.7 5 23 57.9 27.5 5 2.3 4 1 24 677.9 51 147 128 39.7 17 37 21 4 15 3 79.6 19.7 51 14 127.4 39.4 17 37. 21. 4 15 3 7 2 51 146 127.3 4 17 37 2 4 15 3 2.4 51 14 127.4 4 17 3 2 4 15 3 8 2.5 51 Printing and publishing Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services 21 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 1,486.5 457. 12. 11 8 29.4 7 52 16 329.3 49. 73 5 1,49 457.5 119.7 11 8 29.7 77 527.7 167 33 48.6 7 5 1,53 46 127.6 11 85 29.9 81 54 17 34 49.6 7 5 1,54 46 127.9 116.5 8 3 8 548. 17 34 49.7 7 5 1,55.7. 83 16 4 6 39.3 2 41 377.5 119.7 23 3 58.8 39.3 836.5 16 4 6 39.3 2 4 38.6 12.3 237.7 3 59.3 39 86 17.7 4 6 38 2 4 398 12 25.9 3 6. 4.5 868.7 17.3 46.5 6 39. 2 4 4.6 12 25 3 61. 4.7 87 Chemicals and allied products 28 Industrial inorganic chemicals 281 Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee 2819 Plastics materials and synthetics 282 Plastics materials and resins 2821 Organic fibers, noncellulosic 2824 Drugs 283 Pharmaceutical preparations 2834 Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods 284 Soap and other detergents 2841 Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations 2842,3 Toilet preparations 2844 Paints and allied products 285 Industrial organic chemicals 286 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 2865 Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee... 2861,9 Agricultural chemicals 287 Miscellaneous chemical products 289 1,1 13 88 16 75 28.7 16 148.9 4 39.8 67.3 6 15 28.9 12 5 9 1,1 13 87.7 16 75 61. 29.7 167.6 147.3 41 4 6 6 15 29 12 5 9 1,4 13 9.4 168 77.8 6.5 219 17 15 4 4 7 6 155 3.4 12 5 94 1,52 13 91 168.5 78 6.5 22.4 176.7 158.5 4 4 7 6 15 3.5 12 5 9 1,56.7 569.6 68 49.4 11 4 4 9 7 94 2 2 46.5 3.5 8 19 6 3 5 569. 68. 48.9 19.8 4 4 9 7 9 2 2 4 3.6 8 19 6 3 5 58 67.5 48 11 4 4 11 79.9 99 2 2 49.3 3. 89.5 19.3 7 3 5 59 68 48.7 11.5 4 4 1 1 2 2 5.9 3.3 9 19.3 7.8 37.6 5 59 Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 29 291 295 16 12 2 16 12 27.5 16 12 2 16 12 2 16 1 78 19.3 1 78.5 21. 1 79.7 1 15 79.5 19. 1 See footnotes at end of table. 51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrohs by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code Ail employees P P Production workers 1 P P Nondurable goods Continued Rubber and misc. plastics products Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 3 31 32 33,4 36 37 87.6 86.5 1.3 2 1 585 811 8 1.4 2 1 588.8 848.6 86 1 2 17.6 62.6 85 8 1 2 18.5 62 85 628. 6 8.4 1 8. 46.8 63.7 6 8.5 1 79.8 46 66 6 9.6 1 8 49.5 66 6 9.7 1 8 49 668.4 Leather and leather products Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 14 1 8 37.5 31. 1.6 18.9 148. 14 8 37.7 3 11 1 15 1 9 4 3 1 17.9 15 1 91. 4 31 1 18 15 12 1 7 3 27 7.6 1 12 1 74 3.5 27.8 7.9 15 12 11. 7 3 28. 8.5 1 12 1.9 77.4 3 27.5 8.4 1 12 Transportation and public utilities 5,275 5,314 5,441 5,473 5,51 4,366 4,397 4,58 4,537 4,572 Transportation 3,65 3,99 3,26 3,233 3,262 Railroad transportation Class I railroads 2 4 411 3.5 26 38.5 27 289.3 25 29 25 Local and interurban passenger transit Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation School buses 41 411 412 413 415 291. 99.8 3 3.9 1.8 288.7 99.9 3 31. 99 29 1 3 3 98.7 29 1 3 31 1 269.7 91 27.9 267.3 91 28 27. 93 28.5 27 9 28 Trucking and warehousing Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing 42 421,3 422 1,399.3 1,298.4 1.9 1,41 1,31 1.9 1,57. 1,39 11 1,518.5 1,4 11 1,21 1,129. 8 1,229.3 1,145 8 1,31 1,21 9 1,32.9 1,227.3 9 Water transportation Local water transportation Water transportation services 44 445 446 16 2 9 17 26 9 17 2 9 17.6 2 91. Transportation by air Air transportation Air transportation services 45 451,2 458 59 527.7 68 597.4 529. 68.4 61 54.7 7 621 54 7 Pipe lines, except natural gas 46 17.6 17.5 1 1 1 1 1.8 1.8 Transportation services Freight forwarding 47 471 29 69.4 298.6 69.8 31 77 319.3 77.5 Communication and public utilities Communication Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting Radio broadcasting Television broadcasting 48 481 483 4832 4833 2,21 1,28 88 23 11 12 2,215 1,289.9 889.3 23 11 12 2,235 1,37 88 241 11 128 2,24 1,31. 888 24 11 128.6 2,248 977.8 65 19 978.7 656.7 19 994 657.7 197.9 99 65 198.9 Electric, gas, and sanitary services Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 49 491 492 493 495 92 45 165 2 7 92 45 16 2 7 927.4 45 165 199.6 8 93. 45 16 199. 8 73 347 13.8 168. 6 73 34 13.9 167.7 6 729.4 34 13. 16 71 73 34 129.7 162 7 Wholesale trade 5,725 5,748 5,855 5,888 5,921 4,575 4,594 4,68 4,713 4,743 Durable goods Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Automobiles and other motor vehicles Automotive parts and supplies 5 51 512 513 3,38 431 111. 289.3 3,39 432 111 289.7 3,474 43 11 29.3 3,495 437.3 11 292 3,51 2,672 34 2,68 34 2,747 348.4 2,768 35.7 See footnotes at end of table. 52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Wholesale trade Continued Durable goods Continued Furniture and home furnishings Furniture Home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Lumber, plywood, and millwork Construction materials, nee Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Electrical apparatus and equipment Electrical appliances, TV and radios Electronic parts and equipment Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment Hardware Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies Machinery, equipment, and supplies Commercial machines and equipment Construction and mining machinery Farm machinery and equipment Industrial machinery and equipment Industrial supplies Professional equipment and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods Scrap and waste materials 52 521 523 53 531 539 54 55 56 563 564 565 57 572 574 58 581 582 583 584 585 586 59 593 13 6. 7 22 1 12 79 13 48 268.7 7 14 259.9 9 18 1,438.7 53 8 116.7 294 128.9 17 19 87.5 13 59.8 76.5 22 1 12 79.3 13 488.9 268 7 147 26.3 9.3 18 1,44 53 8.7 119.5 29 129. 174 19 87.4 14 6 7 22 1 119.5 8 139.6 5 279.8 7 149.7 264 9 19.9 1,487.8 554 8 119.9 3 13 181. 2 9 139.4 6 77.5 22 1 119.7 8 139.8 5 28.8 7 15 26 9 19.8 1,499.3 55 8 12 3 13 18 2 9 19 18 6 1 37 28.6 1,13 15 19 18 6 1 37 29.4 1,13 15 11 181 67. 19.7 38 21 1,17.6 16 112 182 68.5 11.4 38 21 1,18 165 Nondurable goods Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Groceries, general line Meats and meat products Fresh fruits and vegetables Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Petroleum bulk stations and terminals. Petroleum products, nee Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Beer and ale Wines and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods Farm supplies 51 511 512 513 514 5141 5147 5148 516 517 5171 5172 518 5181 5182 519 5191 2,345 19 17 19 75 24 6 8 13.9 19 77.9 11 15.4 9 5 43 14 2,358 19 17 192 75 247 6 86 13 19 78 11 15 9 5 44 15.5 2,381 19 18 192 759.3 251. 6 8 13 197.4 8.8 11 15 9 57.3 44 144 2,393 19 18 19 759.3 25 63 8 13 198 8 116.7 15 9 57 451 15.8 2,411 1,93 15 143 14 63 9 149.8 12 35 1,914 156 14 144 63 96 15.6 12 358.9 1,933 157 15 14 6 1 15 12 35 1,945 15 15 14 64. 11 155 12 36 Retail trade. 17,737 17,997 18,21 18,276 18,497 15,745 15,995 16,115 16,163 16,359 Building materials and garden supplies. Lumber and other building materials.. Hardware stores 52 521 525 69 37 15 72 384 158.6 697 38.4 16 717. 38 16 57 31 129.4 599.6 32 13 57 318 13 59.4 32 13 General merchandise stores Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores Food stores Grocery stores Meat markets and freezer provisioners. Dairy products stores Retail bakeries 53 531 533 539 54 541 542 545 546 2,278.5 1,9 237 138.5 2,9 2,55 58.7 3 16 2,297 1,916.5 2 139.7 2,92.7 2,56.7 59.7 3 16 2,43 2,39.4 24 147.6 3, 2,651 58.9 3 16 2,38 1,99 24 14 3, 2,65 59.4 3 16 2,38 3, 2,139. 1,8 21 119.4 2,678.9 2,36 147 2,15 1,81 219. 12.7 2,689.5 2,36 149.4 2,26 1,91 22 127.9 2,76 2,448.4 149.3 2,2 1,861 219.9 125 2,76.3 2,447.8 15.5 Automotive dealers and service stations. New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 55 551,2 553 554 1,958.8 959 3 61 1,97.3 96.8 39.4 6 2,12 1, 39 61 2,3 1,1 311 61 2,4 1,64 1,65 1,68 797.5 798.5 828.9 24 249.7 249 52 52 53 1,698.4 838.6 25.9 535 See footnotes at end of table. 53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC All employees P P Production workers P P Retail trade Continued Apparel and accessory stores Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings.. Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 56 561 562 565 566 1,81 1 38 238.6 2 1,9 1 388.7 24.4 21 1,6 1 379.8 23 29.9 1,57.4 1 379 23 21 91 87. 329.3 25 165 92 8 33.3 27.4 17 897 8 318.9 2 17 89. 8 317.5 2 17 Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture stores Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores Radio and television stores Music stores 57 571 5712 572 573 5732 5733 78 44 279.8 87.5 25 19 6 784 44 28 8 257. 189.7 67.3 828.7 46 29 88.4 276.5 2 7.5 82 465 29 87.4 273 2 7 65.5 36 7 21 649.5 36 7.7 21 68 38. 76 22 679.5 38 7 22 Eating and drinking places 58 5,789.3 5,956.5 5,823 5,94 6,12 5,26 5,43.6 5,288.6 5,399 Miscellaneous retail Drug stores and proprietary stores Liquor stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Sporting goods and bicycle shops Book stores Stationery stores Jewelry stores Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops Sewing, needlework, and piece goods... Nonstore retailers Mail order houses Merchandising machine operators Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee 59 591 592 594 5941 5942 5943 5944 5947 5949 596 5961 5962 598 599 2,243 58 12 729.6 127.4 78.5 7 1 134 6 25 118.6 115 35 2,25 5 125 73 12 77.9 7 14 137.9 6 254 118.8 81. 11 36 2,338.4 61.4 121 767. 13 81 77.7 149.5 139 6 258.6 12 8 119. 37 2,31 61.3 12.8 75 132 78. 77.8 14 13 6 258.4 12. 8 117.8 36 1,885 49 69.7 229.5 9 289 1,89 49 61 228.7 9 299. 1,96 519.4 641 231 99.5 3 1,939.4 518 628.7 23.8 98.4 29 Finance, insurance, and real estate 3 6,478 6,53 6,625 6,651 6,689 4,775 4,811 4,817 4,828 4,861 Finance 3,246 3,259 3,287 3,287 3,288 Banking Commercial and stock savings banks State banks, Federal Reserve State banks, not Federal Reserve Mutual savings banks 6 62 622 623,4 63 1,73 1,55 34 373 8 1,73 1,55 34 37 8 1,728.6 1,55 34 37 86.5 1,729.8 1,55 34 37 8 1,248.4 1,11 1,248.8 1,11 1,23 1,1 1,23 1,1 Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Federal savings and loan associations. State associations, insured Personal credit institutions Business credit institutions Mortgage bankers and brokers 61 612 6122 6123 614 615 616 88 39 219 168 23 5 177.7 889.4 39 22. 168.5 233 5 18.7 89 4 22 17.6 241 59.9 169.3 89 4.5 22 168.6 24 167.8 66 3 178.8 667 3 179.8 66 3 18 662 3 18 Security, commodity brokers, and services Security brokers and dealers 62 621 42 339.4 428.8 34 449 356.7 447.5 35 Holding and other investment offices 67 2 27.5 213 21 Insurance 2,2 2,28 2,89 2,97 2,15 Insurance carriers Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance Title insurance 63 631 632 633 636 1,4 581 19 524 6 1,4 58 19 52 6 1,43.8 596.5 199.6 54.4 5 1,43 596.7 2. 54 5 95 36 15 35 95 36 15 35 95 357.8 16 364 95 359 16 36 Insurance agents, brokers, and service 64 618.8 62 658.6 66 See footnotes at end of table. 54

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Finance, insurance, and real estate Continued Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc, 1,212 1,243 1,249 1,267 1,296 Real estate Real estate operators and lessors Real estate agents and managers Subdividers and developers 65 651 653 655 1,199.4 59.4 5 15.7 1,23.6 52. 51 16 1,23 5 539.7 16 1,25 51.8 54 16 Combined real estate, insurance, etc 66 1 1 1 12 Services 23,723 23,95 24,63 24,865 25,69 2,767 2,986 21,55 21,743 21,922 Hotels and other lodging places Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 7 71 1,37 1,339.9 1,46.5 1,372 1,422 1,391 1,44 1,41 1,19 1,222 1,237.4 1,258 Personal services Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Photographic studios, portrait Beauty shops Funeral service and crematories 72 721 722 723 726 1,16. 39 58.8 35.9 78.4 1,167.7 4 57.6 35 78.8 1,25 41 6 35 78.8 1,268.6 41 6 35 79. 35 316 357. 317.8 36 31 368.6 316.7 Business services Advertising Advertising agencies Credit reporting and collection Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic Services to buildings Personnel supply services Employment agencies Temporary help supply services Computer and data processing services Computer programming and software Data processing services 73 731 7311 732 733 734 736 7361 7362 737 7372 7374 4,96 2.6 148.5 1 2 68.6 1,11.4 176.5 879.6 62 228.6 29 4,998.4 199.6 146.7 15 2 68 1,13.9 178.5 896.7 62 231 29 5,28.7 199.8 14 1.5 221 678.8 1,23 19 97.9 686 257.4 319.4 5,26 2.4 148.6 1.9 22 679.4 1,27 2.4 1,7.4 69 2 322 5,29 4,247.5 148.5 61 489.6 4,28 147.6 62 49 4,458 149.4 61 53 4,51 15.6 617.5 5 Miscellaneous business services Research development laboratories, nee Management and public relations Detective and protective services Equipment rental and leasing Photofinishing laboratories 739 7391 7392 7393 7394 7395 2,3 19 568 449.7 21 7 2,37 19 56 45.8 21 7 2,77.3 2.8 577.7 448 219.8 7 2,8 2.9 58 45 221. 7 Auto repair, services, and garages Automotive rentals, without drivers Automotive repair shops 75 751 753 78 17 46.7 779.9 169.7 4 81.8 17 48 82 17 487.7 653 379.3 65 379.8 67 397. 68 4.5 Miscellaneous repair services Electrical repair shops 76 762 319.4 1 316.7 1 331 1 33 1 26 26 27 27 Motion pictures Motion picture production and services Motion picture theaters 78 781 783 229 116.5 1.3 23 11 1 23 12 9 239.5 127 97.4 19 9 196.7 9 19 99.9 199.4 1.9 Amusement and recreation services 79 88 9 846.7 88.4 759.8 83 727.5 759 Health services Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Skilled nursing care facilities Nursing and personal care, nee Hospitals General medical and surgical hospitals Psychiatric hospitals Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric Medical and dental laboratories Outpatient care facilities 8 81 82 85 851 859 86 862 863 869 87 88 6,762 1,45 47 1,28 857 427. 3,11 2,9 6 13 13 26 6,78 1,5. 47 1,28 857.3 428.5 3,19 2,91.9 6 13 138 26 7,11.6 1,139 49 1,31 87 437.3 3,253 3,4 7.8 139 148.4 279.3 7,15 1,147.3 49 1,318.9 878.8 44 3,27 3,6 7 139.9 149.5 28.5 7,19 6,9.4 86. 41 1,159.8 2,828 6,3.7 86 418 1,16.8 6,38.6 93.8 43 1,18 6,35 937.7 43 1,189.6 2,83 2,969.5 2,99 See footnotes at end of table. 55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued (In thousands) Industry 1972 SIC Code All employees P P Production workers 1 P P Services Continued Legal services 81 778.7 779.8 81 8 65 65 67.3 672 Educational services Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities Correspondence and vocational schools 82 821 822 824 1,53 375 1, 7 1,52 37 998 7 1,52 377. 989 7 1,529.5 378. 99 7 Social services Individual and family services Job training and related services Residential care 83 832 833 836 1,52 36 26.7 33 1,53 37 26 33 1,65 325 26 34 1,62.7 332 26 347.9 Museums, botanical and zoological gardens 84 47.7 49.3 49.9 5.8 Membership organizations Business associations Labor organizations Civic and social associations 86 861 863 864 1,53.4 9 133 347. 1,528.8 9 13.9 347 1,52 9 13.7 34 1,53 9 13 35 Miscellaneous services Engineering and architectural services Noncommercial research organizations Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping 89 891 892 893 1,299.6 679 129. 465 1,3 68 129.5 46 1,36.3 71 13 486 1,37 719. 13 49 1,61. 57 36 1,6 576 36 1,1 599.4 378 1,11 6 38 Government 17,31 17,351 17,573 17,79 17,694 Federal Government 4 2,916 2,93 2,955 2,963 2,959 Executive, by agency 4 Department of Defense Postal Service 5 Other executive agencies Legislative Judicial 2,859.9 97 81 1,7 37 19 2,87 97 81 1,8 37 19.3 2,896.7 976 82 1,98 37.9 2. Federal government, by industry: Manufacturing activities Shipbuilding and repairing Transportation and public utilities, except Postal Service Services Hospitals 3731 86 12 7 39.9 4 247 12 7 4 48 249.3 124 76 49.6 25 12 7 4 48.8 25 State government Hospitals Education General administration, including executive, legislative, and judicial functions 86 82 4,36 446.7 1,7 1,32 4,46 448 1,71 1,33 4,98 45 1,718.8 1,35 4,124 459.6 1,73 1,358 4,14 Local government Transportation and public utilities Hospitals Education General administration, including executive, legislative, and judicial functions 86 82 1,358 488 61 5,95 1,375 489.4 61 5,94 1,52 49 64 6,2 1,622 49 64 6,88 2,9 3,. 3,3 3,58.8 1,595 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $5,, or more. 3 Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the nonsupervisory count for all series in this division. 4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency. 5 Includes rural mail carriers. Data not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to revision. 56

B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Industry Jan. Dec. Jan. Total 46,216 46,415 48,777 47,96 48,185 Total private 37,523 37,578 39,699 38,969 39,65 Goodsproducing 6,769 6,784 7,24 6,964 6,975 Mining 97 97 99 98 98 Construction 51 51 54 532 532 Manufacturing 6,162 6,177 6,385 6,334 6,345 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products.. Miscellaneous manufacturing 2,966 112 157 112 99 319 441 878 387 3 161 2,971 113 157 112 1 319 443 873 392 299 164 3,6 12 167 115 14 329 459 89 397 35 174 3,44 119 167 114 13 328 461 887 392 35 169 3,47 119 166 114 14 328 464 885 388 37 173 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 3,196 489 2 347 876 162 631 287 24 276 86 3,26 486 19 348 882 162 634 289 24 278 86 3,325 517 2 355 892 168 661 33 24 294 92 3,29 53 2 351 882 166 66 32 24 293 91 3,298 51 18 351 889 166 663 33 23 294 9 Serviceproducing 39,447 39,631 41,753 4,942 41,21 Transportation and public utilities... 1,54 1,55 1,564 1,551 1,56 Wholesale trade 1,672 1,68 1,752 1,741 1,748 Retail trade 9,46 9,299 1,27 9,748 9,629 Finance, insurance, and real estate 4,16 4,29 4,157 4,149 4,146 Services 14,156 14,281 14,932 14,816 15,7 Government Federal State Local 8,693 1,27 1,874 5,792 8,837 1,3 1,925 5,882 9,78 1,57 1,979 6,42 8,937 1,51 1,927 5,959 9,12 1,53 1,991 6,76 NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to revision. 57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B4. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Industry May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. P " Total 11,598 11,78 11,818 12,126 12,275 12,434 12,983 13,285 13,612 13,827 14,365 14,661 14,835 Total private 84,56 84,677 84,787 85,16 85,229 85,386 85,795 86,72 86,341 86,56 87,63 87,29 87,461 Goodsproducing 24,759 24,752 24,761 24,85 24,886 24,917 25,64 25,169 25,259 25,25 25,354 25,449 25,56 Mining Oil and gas extraction 729 416 735 42 738 425 744 43 751 434 759 439 764 443 759 439 756 436 746 43 748 431 751 436 767 45 Construction General building contractors Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 5,19 1,272 19,11 11,175 736 54 586 743 272 1,423 2,22 2,92 2,11 847 694 364 7,836 1,642 56 724 1,14 677 1,493 1,18 164 89 149 4,999 1,267 19,18 11,175 738 59 584 742 272 1,42 2,25 2,87 2,11 843 693 366 7,843 1,633 57 727 1,17 677 1,497 1,22 164 89 15 5,8 1,266 19,15 11,176 735 51 582 746 275 1,424 2,28 2,8 2,1 842 693 368 7,839 1,634 57 729 1,18 676 1,498 1,14 164 81 149 5,2 1,261 19,14 11,195 74 518 582 75 277 1,424 2,33 2,88 1,995 814 695 37 7,99 1,644 57 736 1,13 678 1,54 1,26 164 815 155 5,6 1,262 19,129 11,248 736 518 582 754 278 1,425 2,44 2,95 2,28 848 695 371 7,881 1,632 56 732 1,11 677 1,58 1,31 164 819 152 4,989 1,26 19,169 11,268 74 52 581 764 283 1,429 2,53 2,96 2,18 837 695 372 7,91 1,631 55 735 1,117 681 1,59 1,31 166 824 152 5,53 1,279 19,247 11,319 741 524 583 768 286 1,438 2,64 2,111 2,19 838 697 374 7,928 1,635 55 736 1,123 678 1,514 1,35 167 833 152 5,74 1,28 19,336 11,367 75 526 588 771 287 1,446 2,74 2,118 2,16 835 71 377 7,969 1,645 56 738 1,128 68 1,522 1,41 167 84 152 5,121 1,29 19,382 11,43 753 53 59 771 285 1,451 2,85 2,128 2,18 832 71 376 7,979 1,645 56 739 1,121 681 1,525 1,47 167 845 153 5,58 1,33 19,41 11,43 753 533 585 768 284 1,452 2,97 2,13 2,5 82 72 378 7,998 1,661 57 736 1,117 681 1,53 1,48 167 847 154 5,185 1,324 19,421 11,415 754 532 588 77 285 1,456 2,12 2,128 2,1 819 74 38 8,6 1,662 56 738 1,114 683 1,536 1,49 165 849 154 5,265 1,328 19,433 11,422 752 531 588 771 285 1,457 2,11 2,134 1,997 82 73 379 8,11 1,659 55 736 1,115 682 1,541 1,53 164 852 154 5,262 1,326 19,477 11,462 752 531 591 771 284 1,464 2,126 2,133 2,1 83 74 38 8,15 1,658 54 73 1,113 681 1,549 1,59 164 855 152 Serviceproducing 76,839 76,956 77,57 77,276 77,389 77,517 77,919 78,116 78,353 78,622 79,11 79,212 79,329 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communication and public utilities 5,348 3,124 2,224 5,344 3,12 2,224 5,35 3,128 2,222 5,363 3,133 2,23 5,377 3,147 2,23 5,416 3,183 2,233 5,436 3,198 2,238 5,459 3,218 2,241 5,473 3,233 2,24 5,485 3,244 2,241 5,57 3,261 2,246 5,533 3,282 2,251 5,545 3,288 2,257 Wholesale trade Durable goods Nondurable goods 5,772 3,397 2,375 5,775 3,41 2,374 5,781 3,45 2,376 5,797 3,418 2,379 5,87 3,422 2,385 5,815 3,431 2,384 5,831 3,444 2,387 5,851 3,456 2,395 5,871 3,473 2,398 5,884 3,481 2,43 5,95 3,495 2,41 5,93 3,513 2,417 5,945 3,517 2,428 Retail trade General merchandise stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Eating and drinking places 18,197 2,385 2,953 1,978 5,962 18,25 2,39 2,956 1,978 5,976 18,226 2,387 2,96 1,983 5,982 18,274 2,47 2,959 1,985 5,985 18,256 2,411 2,962 1,985 5,992 18,314 2,415 2,958 1,988 6,18 18,48 2,459 2,969 2, 6,32 18,443 2,454 2,982 2,3 6,47 18,458 2,453 2,996 2,13 6,64 18,619 2,49 3,19 2,23 6,83 18,76 2,521 3,32 2,41 6,97 18,687 2,474 3,42 2,53 6,114 18,73 2,475 3,37 2,5 6,129 Finance, insurance, and real estate Finance Insurance Real estate 6,558 3,272 2,32 1,254 6,576 3,276 2,37 1,263 6,586 3,28 2,37 1,269 6,68 3,291 2,43 1,274 6,624 3,293 2,5 1,281 6,629 3,292 2,54 1,283 6,65 3,296 2,68 1,286 6,657 3,31 2,69 1,287 6,668 3,31 2,82 1,285 6,684 3,39 2,86 1,289 6,689 3,34 2,91 1,294 6,71 3,297 2,99 1,35 6,718 3,31 2,19 1,38 Services Business services Health services 23,926 5,44 6,8 24,25 5,83 6,822 24,83 5,86 6,853 24,214 5,15 6,887 24,279 5,133 6,923 24,295 5,152 6,943 24,46 5,194 6,987 24,493 5,195 7,23 24,612 5,217 7,63 24,683 5,228 7,85 24,92 5,34 7,132 24,99 5,324 7,165 25,44 5,34 7,26 Government Federal State Local 17,38 2,933 3,943 1,162 17,31 2,935 3,947 1,149 17,31 2,935 3,932 1,164 17,2 2,936 3,952 1,132 17,46 2,94 3,964 1,142 17,48 2,962 3,957 1,129 17,188 2,965 3,973 1,25 17,213 2,977 3,978 1,258 17,271 2,981 3,996 1,294 17,267 2,977 3,996 1,294 17,32 2,976 4,2 1,324 17,371 2,969 4,19 1,383 17,374 2,962 4,35 1,377 p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 58

B5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Industry May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Total 46,654 46,766 46,937 46,999 47,142 47,372 47,461 47,59 47,811 47,91 48,77 48,225 48,43 Total private 38,57 38,133 38,271 38,337 38,445 38,649 38,754 38,783 38,992 39,99 39,219 39,374 39,558 Goodsproducing 6,843 6,846 6,863 6,869 6,876 6,923 6,915 6,936 6,976 7,1 7,24 7,36 7,34 Mining 97 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 98 99 98 98 Construction 524 526 53 533 534 536 536 537 54 543 544 545 547 Manufacturing 6,222 6,224 6,236 6,239 6,244 6,289 6,281 6,3 6,337 6,369 6,381 6,393 6,389 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products... Miscellaneous manufacturing 2,983 117 156 113 1 32 441 876 392 3 168 2,978 117 157 113 1 32 441 87 392 299 169 2,98 117 157 114 1 322 444 868 391 299 168 2,98 118 159 114 99 322 444 866 39 299 169 2,983 118 16 114 1 323 444 864 39 299 171 2,99 119 163 113 1 323 446 869 385 31 171 3,5 118 162 114 12 324 45 872 391 3 172 3,18 119 163 113 13 325 453 876 392 32 172 3,36 12 165 114 13 327 455 881 393 34 174 3,45 12 165 115 14 328 456 883 394 34 176 3,54 121 166 116 14 328 459 887 395 34 174 3,58 122 166 116 14 329 461 887 393 35 175 3,58 122 165 116 14 33 461 887 388 37 178 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 3,239 514 19 35 878 165 634 29 24 278 87 3,246 517 19 352 878 165 636 29 24 278 87 3,256 518 18 351 88 165 64 291 24 281 88 3,259 515 19 351 883 165 641 292 24 28 89 3,261 515 18 352 883 165 643 292 24 28 89 3,299 521 17 355 92 165 644 295 24 282 94 3,276 513 17 354 884 165 647 298 24 283 91 3,282 513 17 353 89 166 647 297 24 284 91 3,31 518 17 354 894 165 65 299 24 288 92 3,324 521 18 355 899 168 655 32 24 291 91 3,327 52 19 354 894 169 657 34 24 294 92 3,335 529 19 352 889 169 662 34 24 295 92 3,331 53 18 354 885 169 663 34 23 294 91 Serviceproducing 39,811 39,92 4,74 4,13 4,266 4,449 4,546 4,573 4,835 4,9 41,53 41,189 41,396 Transportation and public utilities... 1,51 1,517 1,52 1,524 1,531 1,531 1,539 1,544 1,554 1,555 1,555 1,554 1,565 Wholesale trade 1,691 1,695 1,695 1,693 1,73 1,712 1,721 1,718 1,724 1,733 1,742 1,752 1,759 Retail trade 9,67 9,63 9,636 9,629 9,642 9,679 9,712 9,72 9,762 9,78 9,79 9,896 9,947 Finance, insurance, and real estate 4,53 4,64 4,87 4,1 4,19 4,126 4,132 4,135 4,148 4,153 4,161 4,17 4,171 Services 14,353 14,48 14,47 14,522 14,584 14,678 14,735 14,73 14,828 14,868 14,947 14,966 15,82 Government Federal State Local 8,597 1,38 1,871 5,688 8,633 1,41 1,883 5,79 8,666 1,43 1,89 5,733 8,662 1,45 1,897 5,72 8,697 1,44 1,896 5,757 8,723 1,44 1,913 5,766 8,77 1,48 1,916 5,743 8,726 1,56 1,98 5,762 8,819 1,57 1,921 5,841 8,811 1,61 1,923 5,827 8,858 1,63 1,935 5,86 8,851 1,61 1,931 5,859 8,872 1,61 1,935 5,876 NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Industry May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. p Total private 68,419 68,488 68,598 68,843 68,951 69,28 69,351 69,554 69,835 69,949 7,43 7,599 7,694 Goodsproducing 17,375 17,36 17,377 17,441 17,476 17,498 17,62 17,698 17,787 17,7 17,872 17,945 17,97 Mining 518 525 528 534 539 545 551 548 545 536 538 541 553 Construction 3,918 3,889 3,891 3,887 3,899 3,881 3,94 3,953 4,1 3,914 4,6 4,136 4,113 Manufacturing 12,939 12,946 12,958 13,2 13,38 13,72 13,129 13,197 13,241 13,25 13,274 13,268 13,34 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 7,46 617 43 453 559 25 1,53 1,198 1,216 1,265 657 376 266 7,49 618 47 452 557 25 1,5 1,23 1,215 1,265 655 375 267 7,421 615 48 451 561 27 1,54 1,21 1,212 1,265 655 376 269 7,425 619 416 449 565 29 1,55 1,212 1,221 1,241 629 378 269 7,475 615 415 45 569 211 1,57 1,222 1,226 1,275 664 377 269 7,494 618 416 451 578 214 1,61 1,23 1,226 1,265 652 379 27 7,53 618 42 453 582 217 1,67 1,238 1,238 1,262 653 381 271 7,568 627 422 456 586 219 1,75 1,245 1,241 1,259 65 383 274 7,597 63 425 459 586 218 1,8 1,251 1,252 1,258 648 383 273 7,588 628 426 454 583 218 1,8 1,259 1,248 1,25 639 385 275 7,66 63 425 455 587 22 1,84 1,262 1,248 1,25 64 387 278 7,61 628 424 456 587 22 1,84 1,269 1,252 1,239 638 386 276 7,638 63 423 459 588 219 1,89 1,282 1,253 1,249 647 387 278 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 5,533 1,158 43 628 929 514 832 569 16 629 125 5,537 1,153 44 631 927 513 836 572 17 629 125 5,537 1,15 42 633 93 513 839 568 18 629 125 5,595 1,159 43 64 95 515 841 576 17 633 131 5,563 1,146 42 636 93 514 845 579 18 636 127 5,578 1,144 41 638 938 517 846 579 18 639 128 5,599 1,15 4 639 943 515 849 58 19 647 127 5,629 1,159 41 641 948 516 853 584 18 652 127 5,644 1,16 42 641 943 517 856 589 11 658 128 5,662 1,174 43 639 941 517 862 589 19 66 128 5,668 1,177 42 642 937 519 866 588 18 661 128 5,667 1,173 41 64 937 517 869 593 17 663 127 5,666 1,172 4 634 938 517 871 595 17 666 126 Serviceproducing 51,44 51,128 51,221 51,42 51,475 51,53 51,731 51,856 52,48 52,249 52,558 52,654 52,724 Transportation and public utilities 4,428 4,429 4,439 4,449 4,465 4,497 4,514 4,532 4,533 4,548 4,567 4,587 4,64 Wholesale trade 4,622 4,623 4,632 4,641 4,642 4,644 4,653 4,673 4,69 4,79 4,727 4,756 4,772 Retail trade 16,189 16,193 16,195 16,246 16,242 16,257 16,346 16,36 16,384 16,519 16,596 16,56 16,558 Finance, insurance, and real estate 4,84 4,844 4,851 4,853 4,861 4,861 4,862 4,858 4,878 4,879 4,88 4,877 4,89 Services 2,965 21,39 21,14 21,213 21,265 21,271 21,356 21,433 21,563 21,594 21,788 21,874 21,9 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA INDEXES OF DIFFUSION SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted Time span Year Jan. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Over 1 month span 1986 5 5 6. 48 5 6 48 58.6 P 58 5 58.4 P 56.5 5 58.6 4 5 5 68.6 5 5 55 6 5 6 59.7 7 59.7 6 Over 3month span 1986 49.7 58.6 67. 4 59.5 P 6 4 61 P 6 48.4 6 47.6 6 4 67.3 48.4 6 55 75 5 69.7 58 77.8 58.6 7 6.3 7.5 Over 6month span 1986 47.6 6 p 7.3 47.6 6 4 58.9 4 67.3 4 67.6 48.4 71 47.3 7 5 78.6 59 58.9 7 57.8 7 58.9 P 7 Over 12month span 1986 4 6 44 6 4 67.3 4 68.9 47.8 7 49.5 7 49.5 7 5 77. 5 P 76.5 5 P 77.6 55 56.5 Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12month span are unadjusted. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry (In thousands) Total Mining Constructor1 State and area P P P Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 1,47 38 119.6 159.4 12 57 1,51 39 12 16 126.7 59 1,51 397.7 12 16 12 59.4 11.5 1.5 1.5 7.7 2 9.6 7.6 7 2 9 7.8 7 24 9.3 7.8 Alaska 2.8 199 21. 7.9 8.5 8.6 8.8 7.4 7.7 Arizona Phoenix Tucson 1,378.5 97.9 244 1,417.8 93 25 1,42 93 25 11.6 1.6 1.6 1 7.3 19.3 9 6 18.7 9 6 18.8 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 81 4 7 22 3 84 49.4 76.7 231 3 85 49.9 77 23 3.9.4.9.4 4 ).9.4 31 1 31 1.4 3 1.9 California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland.'. OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 11,5 1,69.4 15 199.3 3,98 99.9 8 2 59 53 85. 92 77 14 121. 138 12.5 11,88 1,1.8 159.3 2 4,7.4 1 82.5 28.8 63 56 887.4 937.3 793 14 12 141 12 11,96 1,1 159.7 27.9 4,9 16.7 82 21. 63 568 892 94 796.7 14 127.7 14 12 4. 1.6 9.4 1.8.8 1. 1.7.3 4.6 1.7 9.4 1.7.8.9 CVl 1.7.3 4.8 1.7 9.5.7.8.9 1.7.3 548. 59.8 9 12 14 6.7 4 1 4 3.4 5 3 3.4 6 7.3 7.5 7.8 58 62 8.8 1 15 6.7 48. 1 5 3 56.5 3 31. 7.9 7.7 8.6 59 6 8.7 1 15 6.5 48.6 1 5 3 57 3 3 8 7.8 8.8 Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver 1,398.4 1 788.9 1,393 1 788.6 1,39 1 788.8 2.3 14 21..3 1 2.7.3 1 66.5 36 58 3 58 3 34 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 1,617.4 19 467.3 24 123 8 1,64 197.5 479.6 249.9 12 86.5 1,657.9 198.8 48 25 127.3 87.3 CVJ.6 CVl.5.3.5 69 7.8 17.8 1 7 8.4 18.4 1 5 7 8.7 19.3 1 Delaware Wilmington 37.9 26 32 27 326.5 278 CVJ CVl 18.5 1 18.7 1 2 1 District of Columbia Washington 64 2,3 65 2,97.4 66 2,115 1 1 1 1 12 1 127. 1 13 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Fort MyersCape Coral Jacksonville MelboumeTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 4,82 112 468.4 19.6 389. 14.4 82 469 12 1 17.8 79 327 5,6 11 48 116.5 4 147.4 839. 489.5 12 19.4 11.8 81 348. 5,99.9 118 487.7 117.9 48.5 148. 8 49 125 11.5 11 818.4 348.4 8.6.4.4 ).9 (1) (1) ).3.7 8.7.4.4 (1) (1).9.3.6 8.8.4.4.9 (1) (1).3.6 33 7.9 3 12 27.5 4 3 8.9 1.7 57.9 2 34 8.4 3 1 27 3 9. 1.8 59.3 28.6 346.5 3 13 27 8 4.8 3 9 1.8 59.7 28 See footnotes at end of table. 62

B8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED State and area Manufacturing P Transportation and public utilities * Wholesale and retail trade " Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 356 5 3.5 2 18.6 9 37 5 31 26 19.4 9.8 37 5 31 2 19.4 9.8 7 27.4 9.4 7 27.6 9.4 7 27.6 9 32 9 2 4 27.6 1 33 98.9 2 43 28.4 1 33 99.3 2 43 28.5 1 Alaska 1 1 12 1 1 16.7 38.4 38.5 38.6 Arizona Phoenix Tucson 186 13 3.8 187 13 3.6 187.3 136.7 3.6 69.9 4 9.3 7 5.7 9.8 7 5.7 9.8 338.5 231 5 34 23 57.3 347.8 23 57.4 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 21 11. 2 31. 22 12 26.5 3 22 1 2 3 6.5 49.3 1 5 1 51 1 18 1.6 1 5 6.7 189.8 11 1 55 6.7 19 1 1 5 6.7 California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 2,8 24 1.5 2.3 9 2.8 1 28.4 79. 39 12 79 258.5 2 18 2 11 2,121. 25 11. 2 91 2 1 3.5 8 4 12 79.8 26 2 18.7 2 1 2,129 25 11 2 91 2 1 3.4 8 4 12 8 26 2 18.8 2 1 57 3 7.8 1.6 2 5 1.6 3 2 3 77.3 21 8 57 3 7.9 11. 28 5 1. 3 2 3 7 2 8 57 3 7.9 11 28 5 1. 3 2 3 76 2 8. 2,68 263 37 51. 899.6 2 196.7 49. 146.7 12 199.7 27.4 147.9 3 3.7 3 28 2,82.6 277.7 38 5 918.5 28 2 5 159.4 13 21 21.8 15 3 3 33 3.3 2,83 27 38 53 92 28 2 5 16 137.7 21 21.3 15 3 3 33 3.5 Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver '. 18 28. 9 18 28.5 9 18 28 9 8 6 83 6.4 8 6 347 2 197 35.4 2 199.5 35 2 198.7 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 387 57.9 91 46.5 2 25 38 58. 9 4 2 2 3 57.6 9 46.5 2 2 7.9 8.5 17.8 17.5 5 7 9.3 17.9 18 7 9.4 18. 18 36 4 99.4 5 3. 17. 37 4 1 5 3.7 17.5 37 4 1 57.5 3.8 17.5 Delaware Wilmington 69.3 59.7 68 57.4 68.4 57.6 1 1 14 15 14 1 6 5 7.3 58.4 7.9 58 District of Columbia Washington 1 8 1 87.3 16.5 87.6 2 98.8 2 1 2 1 6 4 6 419.6 6 42 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Fort MyersCape Coral Jacksonville MelbourneTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 527.8 1 45 38.4 27.6 9 5 1 8.6 9 3 54 12 4 39.4 29 97 5 1 9 9 3 54 1 4 39 29.4 97.4 5 1 9 9 3 25 2 27.5 69 24 3 38 1 259 2 28 68 2 3 38.6 1 259.9 23 28 67.8 2 3 38.8 1 1,31 3 141 3 1 3 219 12 3 31. 2 22 89 1,38 3 14 3 18.9 3 22 129.3 3 3 23 228.8 9 1,397.4 3 14 3 19. 3 22 13.4 3 3 23 23. 9 See footnotes at end of table. 63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate P Services? Government? Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 69.9 29. 8. 7.3 69.6 29 7.9 7.6 2 69.6 29 7.9 7.6 2 27.5 9 2 3 2 8. 278.4 9 28.4 36.7 2 8.4 28.6 9 28.4 3 2 8.4 3.9 59.8 28.9 27.8 31 19 3 6 3. 28.5 32 19.6 3 6 29.6 28.7 32 19.6 Alaska 1 1.6 1.6 4.8 39.4 39.8 6 6 6 Arizona Phoenix Tucson 9 7 1 9 7 1 9 7 1 339 228.5 6 358.8 24 68 36 24 68.4 238. 12 51 249.4 13.7 5 25.6 131 5 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 37.4 1 37.4 1 37.5 1 15 1 51. 156 7 16.5 5 157.8 7.4 1 5 148. 1.6 7.5 4 7.4 15.9 1.7 8 4 7.8 15 1.7 8 4 7.8 California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 79 9.8 1 28 5 1.3 2 3 59.9 11 3 8.6 8.8 81 9 6 1 289.3 55 1.7 2 3 6 11 3 8.7 8.4 8.7 817.9 89.6 1 29 5 1.6 27. 34 6 11 3 8.7 8.4 8.7 2,87 256.7 3 46 1,4 2.7 18 4 14 11 22 277. 19 39.7 27.3 29.5 2 2,97 26 3 48. 1,7 2 189.5 49.9 149.5 12 23 286.7 2 4.5 28.4 3.3 29. 2,999.8 267 3 4 1,78.6 2 191. 5.3 151. 12 23 289.3 2 4.6 28.7 3.4 29. 1,9 117 4.7 4 5 17.3 16.7 4.8 121. 16 157.7 13 88. 27.7 2 3.8 37 1,95 118.9 46.7 59 18. 16 127.5 169.4 161 136 87.6 28. 2 3 37.8 1,97 119.4 41 47.5 51 18 16 41 127. 17.6 163 137.6 88.8 28 2 3 37.7 Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver 98.9 4 6 97.4 4 6 97.5 4 6 333 21 19 33.9 2 19 33 2 19 26 2 12 268.6 2 12 269.5 2 127.3 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 147.4 11. 7 1 1 15.3 12 78.4 1 1 15.5 12 78.4 1 1 37 4 1 66.5 3 19.4 389 4 17.8 68.7 3 2.8 39 4 18.7 69.6 37.4 21 2 19.3 6 3 1.7 1 26.7 2 6 3 1.7 1 28.4 2.3 6 3 1.7 1 Delaware Wilmington 2 2 27 2 27.5 2 69.5 6 76.5 67 1 77.3 67.5 4 36.7 47.5 37.4 48. 3 District of Columbia Washington 37. 122 37.5 127 37.6 127.5 22 644 23 677.3 239.4 68 26 55 26 55 26 559.4 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Fort MyersCape Coral Jacksonville MelboumeTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 35 38.7 8. 37 6 3 6 28 368.4 8.5 38.6 68 3 8.7 66 29.5 369.6 6.7 41 8.6 39. 68 3 8.8 6 29.6 1,296.5 31. 128 3 98. 4. 22 149 29.4 3.4 2 22.6 9 1,38. 32 133 3 1 42 226 15 3.6 3 2 22 1 1,39 3 134 3 1 4 227.6 15 3.7 3 2 22 1 737 18 58 1 57.3 2.5 1 5 28.5 12 4 1.8 39 77 19.4 6.3 16 58.7 2 11 5 29 1 46.7 1 4 779.6 19.5 61. 1 59 2 11 57 29 1 47.3 1 4 See footnotes at end of table. 64

B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Total Mining ( construction State and area P P P Georgia Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah 2,72 6 1,35. 154 9.8 11 1 2,777.3 63 1,37 157 9 118.6 1 2,78 6 1,38 157.7 9 118.8 1 8.4.5 8.4.5 8.4.5 147 7 8.9 7.3 146 69.5 9.5 5 6.7 147.7 7 9.6 Hawaii Honolulu 45 36 46 37 467.9 373 O 2.8 16.5 2 1 2 1 Idaho Boise City 32 8 33 87. 33 87.3 1 1.5 11 Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul... Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Deca"tur Joliet Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield 4,84 13.3 5 8 2,97 15 49.9 9 177.8 13 12 96.7 4,91 13 5 86.5 3,3.3 15 49.9 9 18 13 12 97.7 4,94 137. 5 87 3,48.7 15 49.9 9 187.9 13 12 97.9 2 O O ) 23 2 O 17 16.7 7. 168.6 2 11 7.8 17 114 8 Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute 2,239.5 47.9 5. 9 122 179.8 21.7 58 6 5 18.6 5 2,32 47.6 5 99 12 188. 22.7 6 6 5 11 5 2,34.5 47.9 5 1.4 12 19. 22 61.8 6 5 113 5 2.8.4 7.7 2.7.3 7.9.8.3 86.5 1 8. 1.3 26.7 9 1 8.9 1.4 2 9 1 9.3 1.9 29.6 Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls 1,8 8 2 4.5 4 59.8 1,117. 8 21.5 4 51. 6 1,12 89.4 212 4 5 6 O 28.6 6 1. 2 1 2 7 1 Kansas Topeka Wichita 99 8 22 1, 87 227.7 1,11 88.5 229. 11. 2 1 O 1 4 8.7 3 7.9 38.9 8.7 Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro 1,29.6 17.9 42 3 1,33 17 44 3 1,337.7 177. 44 3 38.4.7.6.8 37.5.4.7 3.5.3.7 5 9 19.5 57.6 8.8 23 2 59. 8.9 2 Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Monroe New Orleans Shreveport 1,46 4 29.7 5.5 8.8 5 57. 13 1,489.7 4 21 52 8 53 59.8 13 1,49 4 21 5 8 5 51 13 5.9 1.3 1 5.8 1.4.3 1 5.8 1.4.3 1 78.9 19.6 3 2 7 19.7 2 78.9 19.9 2 Maine LewistonAuburn Portland 479.7 38.5 117. 57 39.8 12 57. 39.9 12 O 2 7.4 28.4 8.8 28.4 2 8.5 See footnotes at end of table. 65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing 56 1 187.4 3 2 18 16.5 2 1 5 1.4 927.9 3 8. 549.6 3 1 19 41 3.8 4 6 17.6 8.4 5 3.7 49.7 5 1 1 11. 2 1 27 2 2 12 6 1 17 9. 5 25 27.6 86 159.5 18 7.3 41 18 1 1. 1 57 1 19 3 2 18. 17. 2 1 5 1 938. 36.7 7.8 55.5 3 13 19.5 4 33 4 62 1 9. 5 3.3 51 5 1 1 1.7 2 9.8 22.8 2 2 1 1. 1 178.7 8.8 59.9 267 29.7 86.5 16 18.7 4 7 43 17 1 1.5 1 I " 57 1 189.8 3 2. 18 17. 2 1 5 1 939.7 37 8. 55 3 13 19.5 4 3 4 62 1 9. 5 3.4 5 5 1 1 1.7 2 9.9 22 2 2 1 1. 1 178.9 9 59.6 267.6 3 87.3 167 18.7 7 4 17. 1 1.5 16.5 Transportation and public utilities 171 11 5 9.5 36 29.6 17 291. 189.3 8 8 6.7 6.7 114 1 1 3 5 1 61. 6.7 1.5 67.3 7.7 2 2 1 2 1.4 43 19.9 17 11 9 3 3 17.7 5 31 19 8 7. 6.7 12 1 1 3 5 1 3 6.4 6.5 1.6 67.7 7.9 28.9 2 1 1.4 4 8. 2 " 17 117.3 9.3 3 3.4 17.8 5 3 3 19 8 7 12 12 1 37 5 1 6.3 6.5 1.6 67.4 7.8 28.9 2 1 1.4 4 8. 2.3 Wholesale and retail trade 681. 1 37 3 19.9 26 2 12 9 8 2 1,196.7 3 1 19 74 42 11. 2 48.5 3 28.9 2 52 1.7 11. 17.3 3 4 49.9 148.4 1 1 28 1 27 2 5 9 1 1 24 19. 5 3 4 1 35 1.8 49.9 1 2 1 13 3 11 9.3 3 687.6 1 37 3 19.8 2 2 12 98. 83 2 1,228.6 37.6 1 19 764 4 1 2 5.9 3 28.9 2 54 11 1 18. 33 4 5 156.7 1 1 29.5 1 28.7 2 5 9.6 1 1 25 2 5 319.4 4 11.7 36 1.9 5.3 1 2 14 13 3 12 9.6 3 P 688.6 1 37 3 19.7 2 2 125 9 8 2 1,229.8 37.9 1 19 767.7 4 1 2 5 3 29. 2 548.7 11 1 18 3 47.3 5 158 1 1 29.7 1 28 2 5 9.6 1 1 25 2.5 5 321 4 111. 8.4 362 11. 5.5 1 2 14 13 32 12 9.5 3 Georgia Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah Hawaii Honolulu Idaho Boise City Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul... Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Decatur Joliet Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls Kansas Topeka Wichita Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Monroe New Orleans Shreveport Maine LewistonAuburn Portland See footnotes at end of table. 66 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 15 9 6 7 3 28 19. 7.6 35 9.3 25 8. 7. 7.9 112 1 8. 4 6 6 2 5 6 11 6 9. 28 84 1 3 7.5 24 2 1 15 98.4 7.6 3 28.7 18.9 7.4 36 9.5 259.6 8 7. 7.9 11 1 46.7 3 2 6 28 5 11 61. 9 28.9 8 1 3 7.3 2 1 P 15 98.7 6 6 7.7 3 28.7 18.9 7.4 36 9.6 26.4 8 7. 7.9 117. 1 8.4 4 3 2 6 28.6 56.7 6.5 1 61 9 29. 8 1 3 7.3 2 1 52 9 31 3 1 2 2 12 96.5 6 18.8 1,14 28.5 1 1 766 31 1.4 19.9 38 3 2 2 43 9.6 7.7 1 27.8 36.5 4 13.9 1.8 9.8 29.9 1.8 24 18.4 5.7 1 1 1 198.4 2 5 268.5 1 7.6 31 1.8 42 8.5 1 1 13 3. 1 9.9 2 Services 546 9.7 324 3 1 2 2 129.5 99.4 69.6 18.8 1,16 3.4 1 1 787.9 3 1.6 19.9 39.7 3 2 2 457.8 9.9 8 1 29. 39. 48. 138.6 11 1.5 3 11. 249. 19 5 1 14 1 2 2.8 5 277.9 4 13 7.8 32 11 4 8.8 1 1 13 3 19. 1 28.9? 54 9.7 32 3 16.5 2 2 13 99.9 7 19. 1,17 3.7 1 1 79 3 1.6 19.9 4. 3 27. 2 46 1. 8 1 29.6 39.6 48.7 14 1 1.6 3 11 25.6 19.6 5 1 1 1 2 21. 5 279.8 4 1 7.8 32 11 4 8.8 1 1 13 3 19.4 1 29 47 19. 19 3 2.5 3 1 97.3 8 7 17 73 1 1 3 36 27.7 1 28.9 1 1 3 35 17.7 12 17.9 3.9 9.9 2.7 1 1 1.8 21 1.4 3 1 2 2 27.4 24 3 59.9 5 31 1 5 1.7 13 1.6 8 2 9.3 1 Government 487 19 2 3 2.7 3 1 98.8 83 7 17.4 731 1 1 3 36 27.6 17. 29.7 1 1 3 35 18.4 1 18 3 9 2 1 1 1.9 219 1.5 29.8 1 2 2 27.5 24 3 6 31 1 5 1.6 1 1.6 8 25 93 1 P 489.7 19.3 2 3 2.7 3 1 1. 8 7 17.4 73 1 1 3 36 27.6 17. 3 1 1 3 357.3 18 12 1 3 92 2.9 1 1 11. 22.5 1.8 29.9 1 2 2 27.6 24 36.7 62 31 1 5 1.5 1 1.6 8 2 9 1 Georgia Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah Hawaii Honolulu Idaho Boise City Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoui... Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Decatur Joliet Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls Kansas Topeka Wichita Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Monroe New Orleans Shreveport Maine LewistonAubum,. Portland See footnotes at end of table. 67 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area p Mar Feb Mar P P Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C 1,98 1,66.5 45 7 2,1 1,77 45 71 2,2 1,8 458.6 72.5.3.5.3.5.3.6 14.7 68. 1 59.7 14 68.5 18. 59.7 149.3 7.8 18.4 6 Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield Worcester 2,996.7 1,693 7 54 39.4 159.4 1 6 23 19 3,39. 1,719 7 5 39.4 16 1 6 239.3 22 3,67.8 1,73 7 5 39.7 16 1 67.9 24 2.8 V).9 (1) (1) (1).9 119 2 7.5 8.4 8 129.4 6 7.4 8.8 8.6 13 67.3 2 7.5 9. 8.9 Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland 3,678 16 56.7 6 1,8 17 37.9 1 2 5 147.8 3,68 168.7 5 6 1,83.6 16 31 1 2 5 15 3,69 17 5 6 1,84 16 31 1 2.6 5 15 (]) ) 9.8 (1) (1) 9.4.7 9.5 (1).8 1 1 5 1 1 1. 51. 1 19. 1 5 1 Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul Rochester St. Cloud 1,9 8 1,25 5 67.5 1,955 87 1,288 5 7 1,96 87.4 1,29 5 71. ( 1 ) (2) (2) (2) 6 4 6 4 6 4 Mississippi Jackson 85. 17 877.3 178.6 88.4 179.3.9 1 1 3 7.7 3 3 8 Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield 2,15 729 1,17.3 1 2,17 728.9 1,11 11. 2,2. 73 1,12 11.5.5.5 9 3 5 89.7 34 5.6 9 3 5 Montana 267.5 26 269.9 5 Nebraska Lincoln Omaha 65 11. 296.5 658.5 11.5 3. 66 11 32 o o (1) 2 11. 2.4 1.3 2 1.6 Nevada Las Vegas Reno 48 27 127.5 51 29 13 51 29 13 7.3.8 9.3.9 9.5.3.9 27.6 17.4 6.5 29 18.4 6.7 3 18.8 7. New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester, NHME 497.8 9.3 14 51 9 18.9 519 9 19.3.5.6.6 3 3 5 3 New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton 3,519 15 65 41 23 5 39. 94 19 3,577 15 67 42 24 519.8 31 95 19 3,61.4 15 678 431 24 52 32.6 96 197.3 (1).5.7 (1).6.7 (1) (,.6.7 149.4 9.4 2 21. 2.6 19.3 3 158 9.4 29 2 7. 2 2.5 3 16 9.9 3.6 2 7.4 2 2 38.7 See footnotes at end of table. 68

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing 27. 131 4 3 6 28 1 17 1 51 3 19.9 5.4 4 978.9 4 1 2 477.6 6 9 29.7 36.5 17.3 4 366.5 7 249.9 1.3 1 22 19.8 417.9 11 219.3 19.3 19.5 8 1 3 2 8.4 117.4 3 2.5 679.8 8.4 16 7 48.6 113 3 18 31 2 13 4 3 58 275 11 1 1 5.5 3 19. 51. 4 92 38.5 1 2 44 48.4 9 29.6 3 17 42 377.7 7.6 257.4 1.7 1 233 2.5 42. 11 218. 21. 2.4 9 1 3 2 8.9 8 12 3 21. 66 8.5 16 7.9 47 115 3. 18. 31 P 2 131 4 3 58 27 1 16.5 1 5 3 19 5 4 92 38.5 15 2 445 4 9 29.9 28.5 17 378.7 7.7 257.8 1.8 1 23 2.7 421. 11 218.7 21 2 9.8 1 35 2 8.8 8 12 37 2.9 66 8.4 1 7 47.7 115 3 179.8 3.7 Transportation and public utilities 9.7 5 27.5 26 12 7 6.7 9.7 149.4 4 8 11. 3 99. 68.8 41 12 14.3 5 7 19.3 4 2 27 1 8.9 1 2 23 28.8 1 3.6 4 1 6.5 91 5 27.5 26.7 129 7 5 9.9 8.5 148 8 11 1.4 71 4 1 14 5 7 7. 19. 4 2 27.6 1 9 17.3 2 24.8 2 18.7 29.8 4 1 8 6.7 P 91 5 27.5 2 129.5 7 5 6.7 1. 8.5 148.9 8 11 1.3 7.5 4 1 14 55 7 7 18.9 4 2 28. 1 9 17.4 24 28.7 18.7 3.4 4 16.5 8 Wholesale and retail trade 5 26 97.7 188.6 7 38 2 1 1. 3 2 1 5 4 82 2 11 1 42 4 77.5 2 4.8 1 3 47 21 37. 1 2.6 18. 41 52 187.5 267.6 3. 69.8 167.9 2 7 97.3 57.8 28 12 2.9 2 83 29 186.5 11 57.9 121 8 19 3.4 51 26 98. 19 77. 38.9 2 1 9.8 3 2 16.5 5 47.3 849.5 28.4 1 1 437 4 8.6 2 4 12 3 48.5 2 31 11 2 18 42 531 188.7 27.5 3.7 7 168.4 2 7 1 6 3. 128.8 2 27.8 85 29.6 193 11 6.5 12 8 19 3 P 51 26 98.9 19 71 38 2 1 9.9 3 2 1 56.7 47.4 85 28.5 1 1 439 4 81 23 4 1 3 48 2 31 11 2 18 4 53 189.9 27 3.9 71. 169.7 2 76.7 1 6 3 129. 2 27.8 856.7 3.7 19 117.4 6.7 12 8 19 3 Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield Worcester Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul Rochester St. Cloud Mississippi Jackson Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield Montana Nebraska Lincoln Omaha Nevada Las Vegas Reno New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester.NHME New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton See footnotes at end of table. 69 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 12 7 4 4 21 146 3 1 13 17 1 1 11 118. 9 38 14 13 57.9 7 13 47.7 8. 28.8 2 1 3.5 22.7 6.7 36 2 1 3 17.3 7 9 12 7 4 4 22 15 3 16.5 1 18 17. 1 1 6 12 3 9 38.8 1 13 57.9 7 1 47.7 8.4 28.6 2 1 6.7 3 4 231 7. 38.8 2 13 3 18 78.5 9.5 P 12 7 4 4 22 15 3 1 1 18 17 1 12 6 12 3 9 38.8 1 13 58 7 1 48. 8.5 28.8 2 1 33 23 7 39. 2 13 3 17.9 79. 9.5 52.3 27 13 2 837. 548 1 1. 7.3 3 2. 1 57 48.8 89.5 3 1 14 45 3.4 6 2 3 11 31. 46.4 2. 31 2 1 13 38. 49 166 277.4 2 6 15 2 21 13.8 5 19.6 1 18 848.5 67. 147.4 9 4 11. 8 239.4 5 Services 537.4 28 139.6 29 86. 559.9 1 1 7.9 3 19.8 1 58 51. 82.8 3 12 1 46 31. 67.3 2 37.7 1 3 47 2.4 32 2 1 14.3 39.4 499.9 168.8 28 27.7 64 148.7 2 8 22 139 55 11 17.3 19.6 87 67. 15 99 4 16 8 248.4 5 P 54.5 28 14.6 21.4 87 56 1 1.3 8. 3 2 13 59.3 5 82 3 1 1 46 31 67.7 2 37.7 1 3 48 2.5 32 2 1 14 39.7 511. 169.9 287. 28 6 15.8 2 82 228.7 139.9 5 11 17.3 19.6 88 68 156.5 1.4 43 17.8 86 25.4 57.7 39 2 8 15 396.7 199.8 1 6.7 2.9 1 9.9 38 2 627 5 1 8.6 24 2 3 17.5 68 9. 2.8 32. 22 17 6 1 19 39 35.3 11 141 1 7 137 3.6 4 6 3 1 6 6.7 2 547.7 2 67.4 71 4 71 6 13 5 Government 39 2 8 149.6 4 28.5 1 2 1 1.4 38.4 2 64 5 1 8.7 247.7 2 3 18 69.7 9 2 327.8 2 1 6 1 198.9 4. 35 11 14 14 69.8 139.5 31. 4 6 3 17. 6 7 2 55 2 67.6 7 41 7.9 6 13 5 P 39 2 8 151. 47,6 29 1 2 1 1.6 38.7 2 64 54 1 8.7 25.5 26 3 18 7. 9.3 2 32 2 18.4 13 199.4 4 35 11 14 14 7 139.5 31 4 67.5 3 1 6 7 2 557. 2 68.4 7 4 7 6 13 5 Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield Worcester Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul Rochester St. Cloud Mississippi Jackson Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield Montana Nebraska Lincoln Omaha Nevada Las Vegas Reno New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester.NHME New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton See footnotes at end of table. 7 Digitized for FRASER

B8. Employees on nonagrlcuftural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Total Mining ( Construction State and area " "? New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe 52 229.9 4.5 5 53.8 23 4.8 5 53 23 5 14 1 1 3.5 1 2 28 1 28.8 1 New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 7,932 39 118.4 426 3 1,19.9 4,78.8 3,56 77.6 99 11 45 9 29 117.6 4 8,5 4 12.9 43 39.3 1,127.7 4,11 3,589.7 79.7 12 117.5 46 97.8 3.7 121 4 8,1 48 121 437.7 39.7 1,138.7 4,138 3,612 1 11 46 98.5 299. 12 48.9.3.3.7 O.6.3.4.7 V).7.3.4.7.6.3 29.3 15 13 1 5 14 11 1 1 2 3 17. 1 1 56.7 147.8 117.4 17 1 2 31 17 1 1 6.4 15 12.7 17 1 3 2 North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham 2,817. 7 567.4 458.9 377.3 2,9 77. 59 468.7 387.7 2,92.5 78. 59 471 389.4.3.3.4.3.4.4.3.4 15 3 2 2.6 16. 3 2 2 164 37 2 2 North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks 24 3 69.3 29.5 248.9 3 7 29.7 25.4 3 7 3. ) 4 7.6 1 1 7.3 1 1. 7.5 1 1. Ohio Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren 4,48 26 65 87 647 42 27 18 4,568.8 26 679.4 889.6 66 42 28 187.9 4,59 267.5 678.9 89 667.6 43.5 28 189.7 2.7.5.3 1..9.4.7 19.7.5.5 1..9.3.6 19.3.5.5 1..9.4.6 15.4 7.5 26 2 2 14 8.8 158.9 7.7 28. 25 2 1 1 16 7.8 29 2 2 1 1.5 Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa 1,1 2 3 399.3 287.6 1,88.5 2 3 39 28 1,9 2 3 39 28 4 1 1 1 4 1. 1.9 1 4 1. 11 15 3.6 1 1 1 3.5.6 1 1 8.8 3.6 1 1 9. Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem 1,67 1 54 9 1,1 1 56 9 1,11 1 565 9.5.5.4 29.9 1 3 18.4 3 18.8 Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Philadelphia City Pittsburgh 4,81 267. 49.4 5.4 17.8 286 76 17 2,1 76 837.3 4,911 269.9 5.3 5 11.4 29 77. 179.5 2,159.6 779.5 846.5 4,94 272 5.9 5.8 11.6 29 77.7 181 2,17 78 85 3.5.6 (*).3.3 1. 29.5.3.3 1. 29.5.5.3.3 1 196 1 1 9.5 9 16.5 38. 197.5 1 1 2 1 98.5 1 3 27.3 13 1 1.5 1 1 3 See footnotes at end of table. 71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing 3 2 1,225 49.3 37.5 7 7 179.5 467 384 2 1 3.3 13 1 5 2 6 84 19 15 15 57.5 1 1,8 6 14 199.3 1 1 6 49.6 15 46.7 47 19 18.8 9 1 1,3.9 78. 11. 9.6 3 5.5 1 59.3 37 9 12 39 2 1,21 48.4 38.4 76.7 8.6 17 45 37 2 1 29.7 132 1 5 2 6 86 19.3 15 153 58 1 1,9 6 14 2 1 1 6 49 15 46.7 47.3 2 19.3 9 1 1,4 7 11 9.5 3 5 1 59.4 37 9 12 P 39.5 2.5 1,219.4 48.7 3 77 8.6 17 46 377. 2 1 29.7 13 1 5 2 6 86 19 15 15 58. 16 1,88.6 67. 137.9 2 1 1 6 49.7 15 4 47.4 2 19.5 96 1 1,4 7 11 9.6 3 5 1 59.4 37 9 12 Transportation and public utilities 28.5 1 1 4.8 1 21. 47.6 239. 21 1 17.6 2.9 137.8 47.5 26.5 17 1 2 1 3 4.6 27.4 1 13 7.5 6 19.8 23 57 4 3 24 1 5 17.9 5 7 97 4 4 28.7 1 1 4 1 21. 48.8 239.7 21 1 4 17.8 21 14 48.5 27.6 1 1 2 1 35 39.5 27.8 1 1 7.5 61 2 1 19. 2 58.7 3 24 1 5 17.9 5 6.7 97.4 4 4 P 28.7 1 1 4 1 21 49 241 21 1 4 17.6 21 14 48.8 27.9 16.7 1 2 1 3 39.9 27.9 1 1 7.5 6 2 1 19 2 58.6 3 24 1 5 18 5 97.4 4 4 Wholesale and retail trade 12 57.9 7.6 1. 1,65 8 2 1 1 29 75.3 628.4 17.5 26 2.9 9 2 67.6 25 9 62 17.8 13 1.9 79.7 6 9.4 2 8. 1,6 64 165 28.7 16 9 66.5 46.5 26 8.6 99.4 69 26 2 14.4 2.6 1,88.4 59 1 1.9 2 6 1 4 48 14 28.9 127. 59.9 8.5 1.5 1,66 87. 2 18.5 1.4 298.6 75.4 627. 18.5 27.5 2 99.7 2 71. 2 9 648.7 18.4 14 1 8 6 9.6 2.6 8 1,88.8 6 169.8 214 169 96.5 69.8 4 259.8 8.4 97.8 68.6 279 2 146.5 2 1,11 59.9 1 1.7 2 6 1 4 5.8 148 29.9 P 128 6.4 8.6 1.6 1,67 87.3 2 19.3 1.5 31 75 629 18.7 27.7 2 1. 2 71. 2 9 65 18.4 14 1 8 6 9.6 2.7 8 1,95 6 17.6 21 169.9 97 7.3 48.8 261. 8 98 69 28.8 2 14 2 1,11 6 1 1.8 2 67 1 4 5 148.6 21 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Philadelphia City Pittsburgh See footnotes at end of table. 72 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 2 1 778.4 2 2 7 57 54 4 21 19. 6.5 27. 12 3 2 2 1 1 238.5 1.4 39.3 5 5 17.5 11 8. 59.6 1. 2 17 7.7 4 287.3 11 1 6.5 161 7 5 27. 1 79 2 2 76.7 58 548. 2 19.3 27.7 129 3 2 2 1 1 24 1.5 41 5 58.4 17.8 11 8 57. 1. 2 1 7 47 29.6 1 162 7 5 P 27 1 79 2 27 77. 578.8 54 2 19.3 28. 129.8 3 2 2 1 1 247 1.6 4 5 58.4 17.9 11 8 57 1. 2 1 7 47.5 29 1 17.4 7. 16 7 5 12 6 1 2,16 97.9 21 19. 9. 277.5 1,24 1,1 1 2 2 19 2 7 2 11.8 47 1 12 79.8 9 59.7 1.5 18.6 6.5 1,2 5 1 227.5 15 1 68.8 4 229.6 88 69.6 239. 2 13 18.6 1,24 6 1.4 1.9 25 59.4 19.3 3 597 249 259.3 Services 12 6 6.7 1 2,23 1 2 11 1. 28 1,26 1,12 1 2 2 11 2 75 26.7 11 49 17.3 17.9 8 9 6 1.6 19.5 1,56.5 57.9 171 23 157.8 16.5 7 4 23.8 89 68.9 246.5 2 138.8 19.7 1,297.3 6 1.9 1 2 2 37.3 62 259.3 27.8 P 12 6 6.7 1 2,247.4 1 22 11 1 287.8 1,27 1,13 16.7 22 2 11 2 7 2 11 5 17.8 11 8 97 6 1.8 19.7 1,6 58.6 17 23 159.4 17.4 7 4 23 88.5 69.4 249.9 2 14.5 19.7 1,39.3 6 1.9 1 27. 6 2 37.7 627.8 259.5 273 14 4 17.7 2 1,411. 11 2 7 6.5 18 66 58 1 2 2 6 21. 5.7 29.5 5 45 1 6 5 88.4 6 8.5 1 9.5 7 4 88.6 11 12.9 75 43 2 25 1 97.7 3 28.5 23 78.4 29.7 69 29.8 7 7.9 1 6 1 1 3.7 1 1 Government 14 4 16.7 2 1,43 11 2 7 18 668. 58 1 2 2 67. 2 5 29.6 57.5 45 1 6 5 88.7 6 8.5 1 9.4 7 4 89 117.7 12 7 4 2 25.9 1 9 3 211 2 79 29.9 69 3 7 8 1 66.7 1 1 3 14 15 P 14 47 1 22 1,447.5 11 2 7 6.5 187.5 67 592 1 2 2 67.3 2 5 29.7 57.5 459.8 12 64 5 89. 6 8.5 1 9.6 79 4 9. 118. 12 7 4 2 25 1 97. 36 21 2 79.9 3. 7 3.3 7.3 8 1 67 1 1 3 14 1 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Philadelphia City Pittsburgh See footnotes at end of table. 73 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area P P P PennsylvaniaContinued Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre... Williamsport York 14 28 48. 16 148.6 288.8 5 17 15.9 29.8 5 17.7.4 (*).6 (*).3 (*).6 (*).4 9.6 8.9 9.4 9.6 1. 1 Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro. Providence 441 13.3 31 44 13 31 449.4 13 318 16.7 1 17. 1 17.9 1 South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg. 1,36 18 22 3 1,49. 189.6 23. 31.3 1,42 191 23 31 O O 8 1 1 2. 8 1 1 21. 8 1 1 2 South Dakota. Rapid City Sioux Falls... 249 3 6 25.5 3 6 25 3 6 7.5 2 7.5 7.8 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol. Knoxville Memphis Nashville 1,967 187 157.3 245 41 47 2,29.4 19.6 16 24 429.4 46 2,4 19 16 24 43 46.7.3.6.7.5.8.5 8 7.5 1 1 27.4 9 8.4 1.6 2. 25 9 8.6 1.7 21. 2 Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas... El Paso Ft. WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission. Midland San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Waco Wichita Falls 6,468 49. 77 35 128 56.7 6 47.6 124 1,32 18 511. 7.9 1,369. 68.8 35 6 9.8 88.9 4 3 499.3 37.3 4 77 49.4 6,52 48.9 77.6 351 12 57.4 6 47.8 12 1,323 18 51 7 1,38 69.9 3 6 9 9. 4 36.5 5 37.9 4 7 5. 6,53 49 77.7 35 126.5 57.9 67 47.8 12 1,32 187 51 7 1,39 7.4 3 6 9 9.8 4 36.5 57.5 38 4 78.5 5 179.3.8.6 19.4.5 6.4.8 9.5.4 182 2.8.6 18.6 6.4.9 9.9.4 18 2 1.8.6 18.6 6.4.9 9.9.4 34 17.4 8 6 9.7 2 8 1 29.6 318 1 7.4 5 9.3 2 8 3 3 1. 2 2 317.9 1 7.5 6 5 9 2.4 8.5 1. 28. 2 Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden., 63 73 44 637. 78 446.7 64 78.8 449.5 7.6 8 8 2 17.9 2 1 2.9 1 Vermont BarreMontpelier. Burlington 239.7 3 72 249.5 3 7 249.4 3 7.5.4.6 1 16.5 16.5 See footnotes at end of table. 74

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing 47.7 71. 1 57.4 11 5 7 367.3 19.3 28.7 98.5 28. 3 8 491. 4 5 5.4 5 89.4 917.7 9.8 39.6 2 1 9.7 1 22.3 3 11 8.6 14 8 1 7.3 12 4 11. 7 1 8.4 89.9 1. 61 48.8 1 48.7 7.9 16.5 6.7 115 5 7 377.8 19.4 29.4 1.8 29.4 3 8 499. 4 5 5.6 5 87 938.8 9.9 39 2 1 1. 1 22 37.4 117 8.8 149 8. 1 7.3 1 4 11 7.4 15 8 9 1 6 48.9 16.7 P 48.9 7.8 16.7 6 11 53 7 37 19.9 29 1.6 29.8 3 8 498 4 5 5.3 5 87 939.9 9.9 39.3 2 1 1 11 22 37.4 117.5 8.7 149.5 8. 1 7.4 1 4 11 7.3 1 8 9 1 6 49 1 Transportation and 1 7. 1 1 57 9.4 1 11. 1 1.9 8.7 9.5 38. 2 378. 11. 9.7 7. 87.7 1. 28.7 97.3 3 3 2 18.4 2 37.4 28.7 9.8.8 Dublic utilities 1 7.4 1 1 59.3 1. 1.4 1 1 1 9.9 39.7 24 38 1.8 9.6 3 9. 1.3 3.7 97.4 3 2 3 17.9 38. 29 1.4.9 P 1 7.5 1 12 6 9.9 1.5 1 1 1 9.9 39.9 24 38 1.9 9.6 9.8 1.3 3.7 98.6 3 3 18. 37.9 29 1.5.9 Wholesale and retail trade 3 64 1.8 39.6 99.8 31 6 29 4 48.4 6 6 9 17.3 46.7 4 3 11 11 1,628.7 1 22 78.6 31 1.9 17.5 1 3 34 4 13 1 34 1 1.3 1 2 2 9.9 9.5 127.9 8 1.7 18.9 1 15 15 11.5 5 16.7 3 6 1 4.7 1 3 69 31 46.7 5 71 65 9.5 17.3 47 44 3 6 119 11 1,63.9 1 2 77.7 3.8 1.9 17 9.5 32 34 4 13 1 349 1 1.3 1 27. 27 1. 9.6 131 8 1.6 19 1 148 1 11 57. 7.3 17.5 P 3 67 1 41 1 3 69.7 319.5 4 5.4 7 6 9.6 17.5 47 4 3 6 121 11 1,628 1 2 77.4 3.8 11. 17.6 9 3 34 4 134 1 35. 1 1 1 27 27 1 9.5 13.9 8 1.6 19 1 149.3 1 11 57. 7.3 17.6 PennsylvaniaContinued Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Williamsport York Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Waco Wichita Falls Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden Vermont BarreMontpelier Burlington See footnotes at end of table. 75 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 7.5 12 2 21 6 8 18. 1 1 99.7 1 9 2 3 44 2 2 13 9.4 27.8 1 39.6 3 27.5 1 7.6 1 2 2 64 18 1 14 6 1 1 9.4 2 3 437.4 2 7. 128 9.4 27 4 9 39.9 3 27.7 1 P 7.7 1 5 2 2 6 18 1 14 1 1 9.5 2 3 437.6 2 129. 9.4 27 4 9 4. 3 28 1 29 68. 9.5 29.5 11.4 2 8 234 38.5 4 5.4 6.3 8.4 17.8 39 37. 27.7 5.4 9 117. 1,41 13 1 8 27.7 7.5 1 8. 28 3 3 11 1 34 1 11 21 1 8.6 7.4 119.5 7.5 8.9 19.8 1 14 27 97.9 61 7.4 17.4 Services 3. 71 1 3.7 11 24 8 24 4.5 4 5 6 8.8 17.8 41 37. 31. 49.8 98.6 11 1,457 13 1 8 27.4 7.9 1 29.3 31 3 11 1 36 1 1 2 1 8.7 7.8 12 8.7 9.3 2 1 152 28.5 1 6 18.7 P 3.7 7 1.4 3.8 11 2 8 249. 41 4 5 8.9 18 418.4 37.4 31 5.3 1. 11 1,46 13 1 8 27.7 7.9 1 8.5 29 31 3 11 1 367.6 1 1 2 1 8.7 7.7 12 8.8 9.5 2.6 1 15 28.7 1 6 18.6 1 42 6.7 18 58 1.3 4 26 49.5 61 42 59.8 6.7 7.4 324 3 2 5 7.8 67.6 1,157 14 99.4 2 11. 1 2.6 27.4 15 39.4 6 2.9 187 2.6 8.4 2 2 11 5 1 1 9.6 14 1 9 4 8 1 Government 1 4 7.3 18 59 1 4 26 51 6 39.5 59.5 7.3 337.5 34 2 52 7 67.8 1,17 8.7 1 99. 2.4 11 1 21. 28 15.4 39.3 68 2.7 188.6 2 8.4 8.5 2 2 7 117 1 1 9.7 14 1 9 4.6 8.4 1 P 17.6 4 7.3 18 59. 1 4 26 5 6 39.8 59.8 7.3 338.9 3 2 5 7 68.6 1,177.7 8.8 1 99 2.4 11 1 21 28 151 39.4 6 2.6 189 2 8.4 8.5 2 2 7. 117.3 1 1 9.7 14 14 9 1 PennsylvaniaContinued Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Williamsport York Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Waco Wichita Falls Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden Vermont BarreMontpelier Burlington See footnotes at end of table. 76 Digitized for FRASER

B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Total Mining Constructori State and area P P? Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 2,62 3.7 6 39 71 539.5 69.5 43 118 2,79.9 3 67.3 39.9 7 55 72 44 117.4 2,737.4 3 67.5 4 7 558 73 447.7 118.4 1.5.5 1.5.5 1.5.5 17.8 3 38.4 48.9 26.7 17.8 3 5 28.4 181..8 37.8 5 29 7.3 Washington Seattle 1,79 97.4 1,858 95 1,87 9.5 3.6.6 8 4 8 47.5 8 48.7 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 588 15 1.9 57.9 5 591 1 1 58.8 57.6 59 1 1 59 57.6 3 1.6 3.6 3.6 19.9 18.5 3 2. Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Wausau 2,27.3 139.3 5 9 5 39.3 5. 19 68 68.8 4 2,8 14 56 9 5 4 5 199 7 7 4 2,9 146 5 9 5 41 5 2 7 7.5 4 ) ) 58.6 1 1 2. 6. 1.6 1 7 19.6 1 6 1..7 1 7.3 2.5 1 Wyoming 17 17 17 16.5 17 17. 8.8 7 7 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan 74 4 54 48.7 458.7 766.5 5.6 5 49.6 47 769.3 5.3 5 5. 47.9.5.8.5.8.4 3 2 3 26.7 3 O 26.7 Virgin Islands 39.4 4.6 4.8 See footnotes at end of table. 77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing? Transportation and public utilities P Wholesale and retail trade P Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 42 1.4 8 1 2 6 3 6 2 42 1.7 8.7 1 2 68.6 3 6 19 42 1.8 8.5 1 2 68.5 3 6 19.3 139 1 1. 2 4 2 8.9 143 1 1. 2 5.5 2 8.6 144 1 1. 2 5 2 8.5 589.7 7.5 1 7.9 1 13.6 15 1 3 62 8 1 8.4 1 13 16 17. 3 628. 8 1 8.7 1 13 16 17.9 3 Washington Seattle 36 177.9 32 189.9 32 19.9 9 56.7 99 58.9 99.6 59 43 22.6 449.3 23.3 45 23 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 8 1 18.9 1 8 1.8 19 1 7. 8 1.8 18.9 1 7. 36 8.4 7.7 2 3 3 8.5 7.6 2 36 8.5 7.6 2 13 27.5 2 1 1 139 27.7 26 1 1 14.5 27.7 2 1 1 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Wausau 51 48.7 1 2 1 1 1.6 2 168. 2 1 53 5.8 1 2 17.7 15 11. 2 17 2 1 53 5 1.3 2 17.8 1 11. 2 17 2 1 9 5 6 3 9 6 7 3 9 7 35 47 3. 1 2 1 8.6 1 43 15 1 1.7 49. 3.5 16 2 1 8.7 1 4 159.6 1 11 491 3.6 1 2 1 8 1 4 158.9 17 11 Wyoming 7.6 7.8 7.7 1 1 1 38.9 38.7 38.5 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan 149 1 19.9 9.7 6 15 1 19. 8.9 6 15 1 2 9.3 6 1 O 1 1 V) 1 15 12 13 9. 7.5 7.6 9.9 137.5 9.4 7.9 7.7 97. 137.3 9.3 7.8 7.6 97 Virgin Islands 9.3 9.6 9.7 See footnotes at end of table. 78

B8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate P Services P Government P Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 14. 1 1 2 4 3 8. 14 1 27. 47.8 36 14 1 27. 48 3 8.4 68.6 11 1 12 21 89.8 27. 641 1 14 13 231 9 27.3 65 1 1 13 23 9 27.6 531 5 23 5 9 127.8 139.6 9.5 15 543 5 2 9.7 128 14 9 1 546.7 5 2 1. 128.7 14 9 1 Washington Seattle 1 67.3 1 67. 17 67.5 47.5 29.8 43 22 43 23 359 13.8 36 13 36 13 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 2 2 2 12 2 19.7 1 1 123 25 21 1 1 12 25 21 1 1 13 21 19.9 9.8 9.3 13.5 21 18.9 9.9 9.5 13 21 18.9 1 9.5 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Wausau 11.4 7. 1 17 47.7 11 7.3 17.7 48.9 11 7.4 17.7 48.7 444 26.5 1 2 1 8 1 4 177. 1 7.8 458.5 27.6 1 2 1 8.4 1 43 18 1 8 459. 28 12 2 1 8.4 1 4 18 1 8.4 33 1 1.9 1.9 7.7 57. 8 8 33 17. 11 11 6.5 7.6 56.7 8 8.4 33 17 11 1 7.6 57.3 8 Wyoming 7.5 7 7 3.7 3.8 3.8 5 5 5 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan Virgin Islands 3 28. 3 29 3 V) O 29.3 19 9.3 78.8 9.3 11 ) 9.5 81 9.6 11 O 9.5 8 9.7 268.4 1 18. 1 158 1 27 1 18.5 1 16 1 27 1 18.5 1 16 1 Not available. Combined with construction. = preliminary. NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March benchmarks except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks. 79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date Year and month Weekly hours Total private 1 Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Mining Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Construction Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Annual averages 1964.. 1965.. 1966.. 1967.. 1968.. 1969.. 38.7 38.8 38.6 38. 37.8 37.7 $6 6 6 8 5 4 $93 95 98.82 14 17.73 111 4 4 4 4 4 4 $1 2 5 39 5 $117.74 122 134 139 141 15 37 37.4 37.6 37.7 37.3 37.9 $5 9 41 1 9 $136 138 146 155 169 184 197.. 1971... 1972.. 1973.. 1974.. 1975.. 1976.. 1977.. 1978... 1979... 37 3 37. 3 36.5 36 36 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 6 5 9 66 119.83 127.31 13 149 156 163 175 189. 2 219.91 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 4 5 3 5 6 4 7.67 8.49 16 1724 1894 2 2194 249.31 27 31 338 367 37.3 37 36.5 3 3 3 3 36.5 3 37. 4 9 6 1 1 7.31 7.71 8 8.66 97 195 217 2219 239 2495 268 283 295 318.69 349 198... 1981... 1982... 1983... 1984... 1985... 1986...... 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 75 7.68 8.2 2 8.57 8.76 8.98 235 25 2676 28.7 296 299.9 35 31 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 97 1.4 1.77 118 13 18 14 15 397.6 438.75 459.88 479.4 58 519.93 527 524 37. 3 36.7 37 37.8 37.7 37.4 37.7 9.94 1.82 13 14 123 12 17 16 367.78 3996 422 447 458.51 466 468 4778 Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted : April May June July August September October November. December. : January February... March p ApriP 3 3 3 35 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 $8.91 8.93 8.92 8.91 8.94 9.6 9.9 94 93 98 98 99 92 $389 31.76 31 314 318 318 3174 318.7 318.64 319 316.71 317.6 32.86 4 4 4 42 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 $13 12 14 11 12 13 14 17 1 19 11 1 14 $519.57 521 527.46 5185 527 52 522 527.48 53 531 524 52. 529.94 37.4 38.5 38 38.6 38.6 3 38.8 37 37.6 3 3 37.5 38. $15 1 11 17 17 17 19 1 18 13 17 13 13 $469.37 485 48.44 48 489.6 463 495 478 48.53 468 467 4813 487.54 See footnotes at end of table. 81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date Continued Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Year and month Weekly hours Hourly earnings Hourly earnings, excluding overtime Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Annual averages 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 4.7 41 4 4.6 4.7 4.6 $3 1 1 2 1 39 $3 9 1 8 5 $17 17.53 1129 119 121 129.51 41 4 41 4.5 4.6 4.7 $9 3 31 3 2 3 $118.78 1254 1283 13.82 138.85 147.74 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.3 4 4 $2 1 3 8 5 3 $16 19 1111 116 121 129.85 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 39.8 39.9 4.5 4.7 4. 39.5 4 4.3 4.4 4 5 7 2 9 2 3 2 8 67 6.7 3 5 6 1 5 7 2 4 1 3 133 144 151 166 17 19.79 29.32 228.9 2497 269.34 4.5 4 4.4 4.5 4 39.7 39.8 39.9 4. 39.9 5 1 5 2 1 8 5 9 7.57 86 153 168.82 187.86 21 217.48 234 256.71 278.9 3 328 39.9 39.5 39.4 39.3 38.8 38.7 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.8 4 5 5 8 9 3 3 9 8 9 1376 1448 159 16.34 17.33 185 196 293 2284 247.93 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 39.7 39.8 38.9 4 4.7 4.5 4.7 77 7.99 8.49 8.83 99 9.54 9.73 9.91 7.2 7.72 85 8.52 8.82 96 9.34 9.48 288.62 318. 336 358 373 387 391 41 39.6 39.4 39. 39. 39.4 39.5 39 39 8.87 9.7 1.32 1.79 112 1 1 11 3515 3828 48 42.81 4383 45.3 458.64 469.59 38.5 38.5 3 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.4 38 6 7.56 8.9 8.55 8.89 96 9.35 9.61 267.96 291.6 39.85 3298 347 354 359.4 367 Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted : April May June July August September October November. December. : January February... March p April p 4.4 41 4.6 4.8 4 4 4 4.7 $9.87 9.87 9.87 9.87 9.86 1. 9.95 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 12 $9.48 9.45 9.44 9.46 9.42 9.53 9.49 9.54 9.6 9.63 9.63 9.64 9.67 $398.75 48 46 4.72 47 48. 4 411 424 417 49.44 417 412 38.8 39. 39 39.4 39.6 39 39.3 39 39 38.9 38.9 38.7 38.9 $14 15 11 1 14 19 19 127 127 121 128 122 19 $467 465 468 47 476.78 473 4754 477.6 477.6 471.8 47 469.4 47.3 38 3 38.4 3 38.4 38 38.4 3 3 38. 38. 38. 3 $9.53 9.57 9.57 9.57 9.62 9.67 9.67 9.74 9.74 9.79 9.8 9.78 9.88 $369 366.53 367.49 366.53 369.41 368.43 373 374 374 372 37 374 378.4 See footnotes at end of table. 82

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date Continued Year and month Weekly hours Retail trade Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Finance, insurance, and real estate Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Services Hourly earnings Weekly earnings 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 37. 3 3 3 3 3 $5 2 1 1 26 $65 61 68.57 7.95 75 78.66 37.3 37 37.3 37 37. 37 Annual averages $ 9 7 8 5 3 $89 88.91 923 92 15 18.7 36 3 3 35 3 3 $4 5 27 9 2 1 $7.3 7 77.4 8 87 9.57 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 3 3 3 33 3 3 32 3 31. 3.6 4 5 1 34 6 7 5 3 87 87.62 95 92 18 18.86 11 126 13 138.62 36.7 3 3 3 36.5 36.5 3 3 3 3 7 2 6 3 7 6 7 4 9 7 117 117.85 128 129 137.61 1489 153 166 178. 19.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 4 7 7 5 2 1 5 9 6 96 16 11.85 1179 12 137 142 155 167 177 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 3 3 29.9 29.8 29.8 29.4 29 29.3 8 5 8 4 5 4 3 62 147.38 15 165 171.5 173 174 178 179.32 3 3 3 3 36.5 3 3 3 9 1 6.78 79 7.63 7.94 5 8.76 29.6 229.5 244 26 278.5 289.2 34 3171 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 1 2 7.31 7.59 7.9 86 8.47 19.71 28.97 229 239.4 247.43 256.75 26 278 Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted : April May June July August September October November. December. : January February... March p ApriP 29 29.3 29.6 3. 3.3 29.6 29 29. 29.3 28.4 28.6 28.7 29. $9 9 8 7 6 66 69 69 5 4 5 7 $177.83 178.44 179.97 182 182 182 179.87 179.51 187 177.5 178.46 179.38 183 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 $8.71 8.72 8.68 8.69 8.81 8.79 8.81 8.94 8.87 9. 9.6 9.1 9.3 $3167 316.54 315 318 32.68 314 318.92 322 319.32 326.7 329.78 326 329 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 $8.4 8 5 3 8.4 8.55 8.61 8.71 8.73 8.79 8.79 8.79 8.81 $272 271 271 272 276 277.2 279.83 288 285 28 287.43 282 2871 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to revision. 83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Total private 3 3 3 3 3 Mining 4 4 4 4 4 Metal mining Iron ores Copper ores 1 11 12 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Coal mining Bituminous coal and lignite mining 11,12 12 4 42 4 4 4 4 Oil and gas extraction Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services 13 131,2 138 39.9 4 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4.7 4.3 4.8 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels Crushed and broken stone Construction General building contractors Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction Heavy construction contractors Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 14 142 15 152 153 154 16 161 162 4 4 37.4 37.4 3 37 38 4 4 4 4 37.4 37.3 3 38 37.8 4.7 4.3 4 4 3 3 3 37.5 37. 39 38. 39.8 44 4 37.5 37.4 3 3 38 4.5 4 38. Special trade contractors Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, and decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 36.5 37.8 3 38.5 3 3 32 36.5 37.7 3 38 3 3 3 3 3 3 37.6 3 3 3.9 3 37.8 35 38.8 35 3 3 Manufacturing 4.4 4.7 Durable goods 4 41 4 4 4 Lumber and wood products Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and* planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wood containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 4.7 4 4 4 4 4 4. 41 4 38.6 37.9 37.6 4.5 4.6 4. 4 4 4.4 41 4.3 4.8 4 38. 38.4 37.9 4. 39.8 4 4 4 4. 39.4 38.9 37.3 41 4 38 3 3 39.9 39.9 39.4 4 4 4. 39.4 39. 38 4 38.4 37.7 37. 4.4 4.3 3 3 4 5 2 4 1.8 4 2 3 Furniture and fixtures Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 39.8 39.9 4.3 39 4 38.7 4 39.3 39.4 4. 38.8 38.8 39 37.9 4.8 37.4 39. 39.3 39. 38.4 39. 39 39.6 37.9 4 38 39.9 39.5 38.9 37. 39 39. 39.3 37.6 4 38.7 39.7 4 39 37.6 39. 2 2 2 Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 32 321 322 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6.5 7.8 See footnotes at end of table. 34

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Total private. $8.9; $8.91 $98 $99 $92 $38.63 $389 $316.71 $317.6 $32.86 Mining. 11 13 11 1 14 522 519.57 524 52. 529.94 Metal mining... Iron ores Copper ores. 1 11 12 14 15 16 136 15 19 133 13 11 134 14 15 547 616 484 548.77 613 497.52 568 6.43 513 559.76 594 519.35 Coal mining Bituminous coal and lignite mining. 11,12 12 19 15 12 18 12 16 17 12 658 658.87 637 638.78 667 663 6599 666 Oil and gas extraction Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services 13 131,2 138 19 11 1.1 17 13 1. 14 14 13 17 17 1.4 471.9 559. 418.42 471 567 418. 47 589.54 417 463 578 49.63 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels... Crushed and broken stone 14 142 1.48 9.78 1.52 9.83 1.82 1.3 1.77 15 4612 446 4699 448 43 4288 476 46.81 Construction... 19 15 17 13 13 47.87 469.37 467 4813 487.54 General building contractors Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction. 15 152 153 154 17 1.91 1.7 14 18 1.92 12 18 11 16 11.5 15 16 1 1.99 11 432 399.31 37 475 433 46 387 467.96 436 47.98 418 468.5 451.4 42.9 42.92 482 Heavy construction contractors Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway... 16 161 162 1 113 17 15 12 13 14 17 17 19 13 17 48 455 499.7 48 466 493 4643 4476 473 487.49 477 496 Special trade contractors Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning... Painting, paper hanging, and decorating. Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 15 16 12 17 11 13 18 136 14 1 18 18 18 18 14 17 12 11 14 16 19 12 11 15 1 18 19 13 483 58.79 41 56 457.86 446 36 44 59 448 556 453 431 376 47.9 497.4 438 548 442 434 361 4917 516 442 57.36 4735 4515 399.85 Manufacturing. 9.85 9.87 1.6 1.7 12 47 398.75 49.44 417 412 Durable goods. 1.39 1.39 1.6 1.61 1.66 432 427.3 437.78 448 442 Lumber and wood products Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wood containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 88 1.47 8.4 8.76 8 8.66 7.56 1 9.6 2 7.89 7.95 74 4 1.74 8.54 8.91 6.74 8.57 7.65 6.79 9.7 7 7.87 7.96 76 8.54 1.7 8.66 9.2 6 8.61 8.97 7.75 5 1.1 8 7.93 7.91 79 8.46 1.51 8.61 8.96 4 8.59 8.93 111 4 1.9 2 7.98 72 8.48 337. 42.89 3512 3667 2792 34.3 358.52 3 28.57 47.4 237 299.3 298.92 292 338.6 429.6 356 372 27 34.3 353 3 277.3 412 23.66 31 38 29.4 339.89 434 359.39 377.94 278.4 3393 348.93 289.8 285 434 239.9 281 277 29.87 337.55 419 359 374 277.6 338.45 3487 294 285 419.74 238.85 3.85 2971 299 344 Furniture and fixtures Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture. Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures. 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 7.58 7.3 6.52 7.75 2 7.54 8.55 7.94 9.5 7.96 7.58 9 6.51 7.68 5 7.43 8.64 8.2 9 8.2 7.75 77 6.73 7.85 6 7.58 8.91 8.8 91 84 7.78 79 6.75 7.92 5 7.5 8.95 8.4 96 86 7.81 38 28.5 266 33 291 29 341 314 356.57 318.4 294 2711 2559 291.7 279.48 277.88 336 3159 35 37.97 35 25 266.51 297.52 289 289.56 351 3196 3587 38 3 28.41 268 297.79 289.76 295 352 32 369 31.58 39 Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown. 32 321 322 13 11 113 13 14 14 1.35 14 19 1.37 15 11 1.4 426 6511 461 43.68 654 477 427.46 69.34 474 434 6685 478.82 444 See footnotes at end of table. 85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Durable goods Continued Stone, clay, and glass products Continued Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Readymixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 42 4 4 4 4.7 4 4 4 39.9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 37.8 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4.6 42 4 4 4.6 4 43 4 7.7 4 8.4 5 5 7 4 Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 45 43 42 4 4 4 4 7. 4 3 5 7 5 5 7.3 Fabricated metal products Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, except for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 343 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 4 4 4 4 41 41 4.6 41 39.4 4.8 4 39.3 4 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4.8 39.5 4.7 4 4 4 4.7 39.7 39.6 4.3 38.5 4 41 39 39.3 4 4 4.8 4 4 4 4 4.3 4.4 4 39.9 4.4 4.6 4 4 4 43 4 4 41 4.4 39.5 39.7 4.7 37.6 4 39.4 39.7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 4 39.3 4 4 38 42 4 39.7 4 4 4 4 43 4 4 41 4 41 4 4 41 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 Machinery, except electrical Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 4 4 39.3 4 42 4 4 4 39. 44 4.8 4 4 4 4 4 43 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 See footnotes at end of table. 86

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Durable goods Continued Stone, clay, and glass products Continued Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Readymixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 $15 1.66 9.1 18 8.44 8.84 9.82 8.74 8.68 1.75 1.33 9.7 18 $1 1.8 9.5 1 8.49 8.91 9.9 8.83 8.72 1.76 1.33 9.73 1.36 $1 11.7 8.89 19 8.83 93 9.98 96 8.98 1.87 1.48 9.91 1.49 $12 11.8 8.87 19 8.84 92 1.9 96 9.1 1.98 1.55 1.1 1.43 $485 4399 372 558 357.86 358 413 395 37.64 443 439 45 447 $5 439.56 377 565 356.58 351 428.67 468 377 4555 43.76 397 449.62 $487.9 464 369 587 369.9 378.43 41 388.92 377 9 445 4227 457.36 $491 466 374 568.81 368.63 373 429 47 383 449 448 433 448.49 Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3361 12 16 1 1.97 1.68 11 19 1.7 19 139 115 1.49 11 117 9.58 9.91 16 14 15 11.5 1.71 115 1 1 1 13 13 1.55 17 11 9.61 9.95 18 19 11 115 1.79 115 13 13 13 134 1 1.72 17 17 9.59 9.81 12 18 1 11.8 1.83 16 15 15 135 16 19 1.68 14 12 9.59 9.85 $1 14 5 582 61.56 47 454 477 485 42.93 559 582 4885 452 67 484 42 4199 5 594 62 474 45.89 467 488 4195 559.86 587 486 449.43 68 474 395 49.94 526 6146 655 4772 4671 4873 496 447 565 573 489.6 468.46 62 483 48 413 5254 61.93 64 4732 477 49 484 448.63 578.6 597.62 498.67 468.85 6248 496.51 44 42.6 $532 62.4 Fabricated metal products 34 Metal cans and shipping containers 341 Metal cans 3411 Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware 342 Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.. 3423,5 Hardware, nee 3429 Plumbing and heating, except electric 343 Plumbing fittings and brass goods 3432 Heating equipment, except electric 3433 Fabricated structural metal products 344 Fabricated structural metal 3441 Metal doors, sash, and trim 3442 Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) 3443 Sheet metal work 3444 Architectural metal work 3446 Screw machine products, bolts, etc 345 Screw machine products 3451 Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers 3452 Metal forgings and stampings 346 Iron and steel forgings 3462 Automotive stampings 3465 Metal stampings, nee 3469 Metal services, nee 347 Plating and polishing 3471 Metal coating and allied services 3479 Ordnance and accessories, nee 348 Ammunition, except for small arms, nee 3483 Misc. fabricated metal products 349 Valves and pipe fittings 3494 Misc. fabricated wire products 3496 9.99 12 14 9.9 9.2 1.36 95 8.62 9.7 96 9.73 7.75 17 9.53 8.71 9.69 8.99 1.36 18 19 19 95 7.95 7.92 1.87 1.41 97 9.86 9 9.98 134 11 9.91 95 1.3 94 8.65 96 92 9.7 7.68 15 9.54 8.8 9.61 8.88 1.31 14 15 15 97 8.4 7.96 88 1.86 1.46 95 9.83 8.4 18 11 15 1.3 92 1.45 97 8.99 9. 9.49 12 8.7 19 9.71 8.75 9.95 95 1.67 128 18 12 9.43 83 81 7.97 114 1.85 9.49 1 8.52 19 15 16 1.5 97 1.52 9.3 9.4 8.93 9.5 18 1.3 9.75 8.79 9.92 94 1.64 13 13 1 9.34 84 8 8.2 113 1.89 9.44 16 8 17 419 567 597.69 48.87 37.72 423 379 3554 357.36 377.81 46.71 38 438 3831 358 419.58 378 46 58.46 529.58 69.52 388 325 323 33.81 44 411 38.7 46 347 488 573 696 398 371 48.91 364 348.6 356 369.72 399.64 31.6 425 372 356 44 36 45.55 4978 51.45 65 367.72 321 328 328.84 4447 417.35 37 399 337.68 42.43 579 6148 4175 38 429.5 371 368.59 35 376.75 418 33 4328 387 347.38 427 38 469.48 51 542 62.6 395 333 331 327 473 445 398 434 341 429 581.4 629 421 387 433 377.58 376 35.95 38 42.43 34 433 39.98 348.96 427 383 479 524 5578 636.55 388 334 338 33.42 471 448.67 395 429.77 346 4286 Machinery, except electrical Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 1.72 12 12 17 1.2 1.94 1.7 11 16 14 12 11.2 1.88 17 16 19 1 1.94 1.89 16 13 18 1.5 1.84 1.96 458 579.74 497 62 424 467 4452 5783 497.64 63 412 449.62 46 5888 588 59.8 439.35 471 46 597.62 598 598.9 4388 472 46 See footnotes at end of table. 87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Durable goods Continued Machinery, except electrical Continued Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves... Machinery, except electrical, nee 353 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3573 358 3585 359 3592 3599 4 4 4 4 43 4. 4 4 41 4 41 42 4 4 4.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 39.7 4 4 4.4 4 4.7 39.9 41 4 39 4 41 4 4 39.8 4 4 42 4.8 41 4 4 45 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 39.9 4 43 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 3 3 2 3 5 6.7 6 5 5 3 4 3 3 Electrical and electronic equipment Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus... Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Noncurrentcarrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories... Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies... Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 36713 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 4.3 39.8 41 4 4.3 4.3 4 41 39.5 4.4 4. 4.6 41 39.3 4 4 4 4 4.7 4 4.6 39.5 42 4.3 39.8 4.4 39.3 4.5 4.4 39.9 4 4.5 4.5 39.5 4 39.3 4.8 37.6 4.3 4.6 41 4.3 4 4.3 4 39.9 38.9 4.7 4.7 4 4 4 42 41 4 39.8 4.8 4. 4 39.7 4 38.9 39 38.6 4 4.3 4.4 42 4 4.6 41 4.7 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 39.8 41 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4 4 38.4 39.8 39.5 4 4.4 4.7 4 4 41 4 4 4 3 3 2.9 4 3 3 See footnotes at end of table. 88

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Durable goods Continued Machinery, except electrical Continued Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves... Machinery, except electrical, nee 353 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3551 3552 3555 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3573 358 3585 359 3592 3599 $113 15 19 12 9.82 9.71 114 11.5 1 11 9.99 8.49 1.6 1.71 8.72 11 1.37 11.3 11.5 19 93 12 1.61 14 17 1.31 1.51 1.39 1 1.1 $112 13 11 14 9.7 9.66 11.8 1.93 19 16 9.94 8.5 1.54 1.59 8.6 114 1.3 11.2 1.88 1 94 1.2 1.54 18 19 16 1.44 1.37 19 1. $115 17 15 1.63 9.79 9.78 13 114 13 123 1.8 8.79 1.93 1.89 9.4 12 1.5 11.8 11.2 1.32 9.38 19 1.55 1.46 1.45 1.47 1.67 1.58 14 11 $118 19 15 1.66 9.75 9.75 14 13 13 124 1.8 8.78 1.99 11. 91 19 1.47 1.97 11.3 1.31 9.31 18 1.56 1.43 1.42 1.49 1.67 1.6 13 14 $467.46 529.82 479 474 424 388.4 475 467.42 469.68 518.9 49.59 349.79 446 448.75 381 4599 438.65 469.88 479.57 4375 372 448.66 448 438 436 428.9 4387 436 538.48 412 $462 529.52 464 485 46 38 465 451 466 58.79 46 3395 435 4333 364 439.48 428.48 452 477 428 367 43.86 4324 429.6 429. 419.63 425 421 5213 41. $483 561 4987 456 415 49 489.46 475 528 532 426 367.42 464 463 39.53 471 447.3 477.55 488 43 377.8 452 441 4368 433 4282 439.6 44 559 426.78 $487.45 57.33 517 46.51 4188 398.78 492 4879 511 536.59 427.39 378 468 46 395 477.98 447.7 477 482 4417 3762 459.52 443 437.2 431 434 447 446 5483 43.8 Electrical and electronic equipment Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus... Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Noncurrentcarrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories... Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies... Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3622 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 3662 367 36713 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 9.84 91 8.98 93 9.71 9.64 9.59 9.77 11. 12 7.44 9.7 1.6 8.61 9.35 6.54 9.34 9.76 12 112 11 8.89 117 1.6 1.47 1.77 113 9.82 91 8.95 97 9.72 9.62 9.57 9.67 11.1 11 7.34 9 11 8.64 9.36 5 9.32 9.62 14 113 12 8.87 11.8 1.51 1.45 1.96 11.5 1.4 9.45 98 9.6 9.84 9.85 9.62 1. 14 11 7.35 95 1.72 8.67 9.31 2 99 9.71 16 17 128 92 11.8 11.2 86 1.66 13 112 1.5 9.4 94 9.54 9.97 1.5 9.71 1.1 16 17 7.37 96 1.76 8.59 97 4 9.52 9.94 18 118 15 9 116 11. 86 1.64 119 117 $1 46 3673 3678 367.35 4.5 3983 388 393 457.6 47.5 298 363 4 349.57 389 257.2 381 49 482 463 496 362 461 43.36 328.41 4297 422 468.57 395 368 368 361 396 388.65 384 387.77 451 4621 2977 359.45 41 339.55 389 25.4 37 39.57 4774 458.56 484 357.46 472 425 321 416 424 449.74 48.63 396 388 4 416 44 47.89 398. 467.9 491 299.88 37. 429.87 34 3883 2699 3647 371 49.36 484 49.85 368.45 467 44 33 4383 4613 463 415 397.62 39 49 423 4231 41 398.4 484 479.55 298.49 374 433 346 3922 266 378.9 393 4918 488 49 37.37 4738 44 338 449 468.86 471 $419 See footnotes at end of table. 89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Durable goods Continued Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad^equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.. Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 379 3792 4 4 43 4 4 4.5 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 39. 4 4 42 4 4 4.7 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.4 4.7 39.9 4 4 4 38 4 4 4 4 4 39.3 4 4 4 4 4 4.3 39.8 42 4 4 38. 3 4 43 4 4 4 39.6 4 42 4 4 4.5 4.7 4 4 43 43 39.7 38. 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 2 2.9 2 Instruments and related products Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 4 4 4 4.6 4 4 4 4 4.3 4.6 4 39.8 4.8 4.8 39.6 4 39.8 4.8 4.3 39.6 4 4 39.3 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 4 4.4 4.5 4 39.6 4 37.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.8 4.8 4 4 38.9 4 3 2 3 3 4 Miscellaneous manufacturing Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays 39 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 39.3 38 37 4 39 38.6 39.5 4.7 37.7 36 39.8 39.7 38.8 37.9 3 4.5 38.8 3 39 4. 3 3 39.8 39.6 38.8 37.3 36.5 4.3 39. 38. 39.9 4.5 37 3 39.3 38.9 39 37.7 36.7 41 39.5 3 4.4 41 37 3 39.3 38.9 38.8 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers 2 21 211 213 216 22 222 226 23 232 233 237 24 241 248 25 251 252 4. 39.5 38.4 39.3 3 39.4 4 39. 38 38.5 38.6 4 46.5 4 39.7 3 4 39.5 39.3 38.5 4.7 39.9 3 4 38.9 4 37.9 37 37.7 36.5 4 4 4 4. 39 4 39.9 39.7 38.7 4.6,39 37 39.6 4 38.9 38.5 39.4 38 4 4 4 39.4 38 4 4. 39.5 38.7 4.6 39 37 41 39.4 4 38.5 38 38.9 37.5 4 4 4 39 38 4 4. 39.7 2 3 3 3 4 5 See footnotes at end of table. 9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Durable goods Continued Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.. Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 379 3792 $16 19 156 12 14 9.35 13 $19 19 1.31 12 7.93 15 $1.74 8.95 $1 1 16 16 11 9.37 12 $15 121 19 12 7.94 127 f) $1.65 8.79 $138 18 11 15 13 9.3 14 $1 18 1.33 1 8.7 1 $13 6 $1 14 12 11 13 9.8 13 $17 16 1.32 1 81 16 $1.1 9 $16 17 $547.84 587 65 487 549.84 378.68 558 558.94 522 428 4717 324 495 $434 349.5 $532 562 633 47.3 538.45 386 544 549 519 41 467 3236 488 $427.7 33 $556 588.51 672 497.46 559 358 574 572 548 417 465 3219 524 $384 3.96 $562 6.81 688.86 516 561 359.57 5722 577 54 417.96 468.5 321 526 $397.4 318.82 $578 619.8 Instruments and related products Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 383 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 9.67 1.53 9.56 9.1 9.53 9.77 1.5 8.68 8.76 8.6 7.33 15 7.8 9.67 1.55 9.48 9.6 9.41 9.6 1.6 8.66 8.76 8.55 79 132 76 9.95 1.86 9.8 9.33 9.56 1.1 1.51 8.92 9.9 8.76 7.43 14 74 9.87 1.92 9.73 98 9.5 9.96 1.71 8.91 9.7 8.75 7.47 15 77 9.85 41 438.5 399.61 361 41 4 438.9 358 3667 346.58 297.6 557 288 394 43 386.78 358.78 398.4 388 438 349. 3596 338.58 293 5646 289 4 456 44 377 419 41 464 36.37 3685 3525 293 59 272 418 457.55 47.69 381 419.9 46 46 362 37.6 357. 39 55 28 48.78 Miscellaneous manufacturing Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays 39 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 7.66 88 5 7.39 7.8 5 78 7.7 6 2 8.45 8.85 7.67 2 8.46 7.35 7.6 5 74 7.69 5 5 8.47 8.76 7.88 8.45 8.6 7.83 77 7 7.41 7.61 4 8 8.73 9.8 7.89 8.5 8.64 7.98 78 7.5 7.46 7.57 6.52 61 8.71 9.4 7.9 31.4 31 39.79 39 273 2687 281 319 229.97 1997 331 355 297.6 313 3127 297.68 273 2669 2797 37.6 219.1 187 3371 34 34 3159 31 315 283 269.8 296 381 238.92 22.7 349 351 38.5 32.45 317.9 327.98 287.56 27.2 38 3113 244 219.35 34 356 36.52 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers 2 21 211 213 216 22 222 226 23 232 233 237 24 241 248 25 251 252 9.9 8.93 7.4 6 8.74 3 9.56 8.82 1.3 8.46 1.31 8 7.84 1.65 1.34 1 9.93 9.81 18 94 8.95 7.4 88 8.85 7 9.62 8.94 14 8.52 18 8.54 7.96 1.48 17 5 1.2 9.9 17 99 9.5 7.51 6 8.88 7 9.82 9.7 15 8.57 1.52 8.6 7.91 1.9 1.81 8.5 13 16 1.7 9.31 9.5 7.47 2 8.92 1 9.75 9.5 13 8.62 1.5 8.58 1.86 1.83 8.56 14 17 1.9 9.34 9 36 354 2846 342 348 217.8 396 347.51 4216 329.94 391 323 32 461 48.81 3538 392 372 439.78 361.3 354 28 337. 3532 22.95 397.31 347.77 436 321 382 326 29.54 45.64 477 359.5 4.8 387.9 438 37.67 3599 29.64 339.42 348 232 42 3597 429.48 337 42 338.84 37 477.42 49.77 3615 3992 3881 427 37 357.48 289.9 337.79 348.77 23.39 4.73 356.57 421 337 4.5 336 3.38 472 476.52 366 397 387.48 419.74 37 3617 See footnotes at end of table. 91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Nondurable goods Continued Food and kindred products Continued Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. food and kindred products 26 2613 265 27 28 282 286 29 4 4 38.8 4.7 4 4 4 38 39 4 38. 41 4 42 4. 37.9 44 39 4 39.7 4 38.9 38 4 4 38 4 4 42 39.4 3 5 2 3 Tobacco manufactures Cigarettes 21 211 38 38.5 37.6 38 38.7 39 39.8 4 38 Textile mill products Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 4 4 42 4 4 4 39.6 4 38.6 4.3 4 42 4 4 4 43 44 38.5 4 4 4 39.5 39. 37.9 37.3 38 39.4 4 41 4 4.6 4 4 4 38.5 4 4 4 4 41 4.3 39.4 4 39.4 38 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 38.4 4 41 41 4 4 4 4 39. 4.6 39.6 38.4 41 4 4 4 4 4.8 41 39.8 4 41 6 3 3 5 3 4.4 2 4 4 3 3 3 4 Apparel and other textile products Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 37. 3 37. 37.5 3 3 3 3 36 3 36 3 37 3 3 35 38.9 39.7 38.6 39 4 3 3 3 36.5 3 35 3 3 34 3 35 3 36 3 3 3 37.9 38 3 37.7 4.4 36.7 3 3 3 36.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 37.7 38. 3 37.6 36.5 37 38 3 37.3 4 37 3 37. 37.3 36.7 36.5 3 3 36 3 36.5 37.7 37.9 3 3 3 3 3 3 38 4 3 1. 1 1. 1. 1 6.5.6 1..8 1..9 1.6.5 1.9.7 2.7.6.6.9.6 2 1 2.7 Paper and allied products Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers 26 261,2,6 262 263 264 2641 2642 2643 265 2651 2653 2654 4 4 45 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.7 4 4 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 43 4 4 6.5 7 4 6.5 6 3 4 See footnotes at end of table. 92

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Nondurable goods Continued Food and kindred products Continued Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. food and kindred products 26 2613 265 27 28 282 286 29 $91 1.67 7.87 94 13 16.57 9.44 88 $9.31 11.8 8.2 99 19 15 9.5 82 $9.42 1.73 82 9.4 19 13 9.32 7 $9.42 1.77 84 9.9 19 12 9.49 8.4 $362 454 36 37 478 693 379.49 31 $362 458.71 36 378.63 476.79 7.97 38. 314 $382 4739 32 385 473 696.76 365 319.73 $378.68 469.57 317 381 48.8 713 371 322 Tobacco manufactures Cigarettes 21 211 1 13 18 14 11 17.2 1 16.78 $14 528 626 533 625 532 6678 5656 678 $569 Textile mill products Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yam mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 72 7.44 7.62 7.58 6.71 9 7 64 6 63 72 7.41 7.4 7.66 7.57 9 6.71 86 72 7.45 7.64 7.62 6.76 7 3 62 8 1 71 7.43 7.4 7.69 7.54 6.71 6.73 6 84 7.31 7.67 7.9 7.76 6.75 3 6.55 6 4 3 7.36 7.59 7.61 7.9 7.55 9 6 73 3 7.33 7.65 7.91 7.98 5 6.54 4 5 7.42 7.66 7.67 7.91 7.58 5 4 7.5 3 7.36 299.4 3225 32.8 316 2772 2 255 241 249.36 247.4 39.1 316 31 328 324 284 291 254 3544 2911 3126 322 312 267.2 253 2362 2288 249 236.79 31 37 31.8 311 31 282 288.4 251 342 37 327 331.1 3186 278 2679 258.7 267 254 2417 34 318.2 326 327.85 329 288.69 292 279 39 3 312 329.6 336 28.84 267 256 257.4 252 246 36 318.66 327 329.85 3258 286 283 28.59 362 33 Apparel and other textile products Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 23 231 232 2321 2327 2328 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 3 7 3 1 5 2 6 6 6 8 2 5 1 2 2 6 7.31 3 3 18 4 5 7 7 4 9 1 2 1 6.51 9 1 3 3 1 76 4 7 119 3 5 4 7 8 2 56 68 8 9 5 5 6.79 4 4 6 75 6 64 1 5 8 5 6 8 6 5 52 61 6.58 6 8 9 6.77 5 5 8 76 4 69 13 6 219.41 236.79 2.91 198 198 2.91 25 1815 218.77 221 24 199.46 198 227 191.5 17 227 291 2218 238 485 215 233 193 196 188.5 191 197.57 179 24 217.43 196.56 197.9 199 221 1873 175 214 277.33 219 228.84 458 22 254 27 2.74 191 198.9 29.52 186.79 218.77 234 272 211 27 24 24 198.56 217.99 273 28. 229.2 468.95 226 257 25 26 197.45 24 214 186 22.57 24.83 214 2144 28.7 243 2.56 1892 22 278.6 27.9 234 473 221 Paper and allied products Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers 26 261,2,6 262 263 264 2641 2642 2643 265 2651 2653 2654 117 17 15 143 9.77 1.93 9.4 9.2 9.59 1.6 9.77 96 17 18 15 18 9.87 11.6 9.3 98 9.62 1 9.75 9.3 19 17 146 19 1.4 114 9.5 9.3 9.77 14 9.88 9.65 1 142 148 148 1.2 116 9.53 9.32 9.78 13 9.92 9.42 17 488 619.65 624 617.48 4 479.83 377 377.4 4.86 423 419 381 484 632 638.91 629 47.63 4811 369.33 373 49 426 413 372 497 637.37 646 612 42.68 486 388.55 388 49 428 418.91 392 49 6382 645 611 419.84 483 39.73 387.71 41.76 427 429 43 498.67 See footnotes at end of table. 93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Nondurable goods Continued Printing and publishing Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade, services 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 38. 3 39 38.7 38 39.4 3 39.6 39.4 39.5 38 38.4 37.6 3 38.5 38.6 38 39.6 36.5 39 38.8 39 4.3 37.4 37.6 37.8 3 3 4 39.6 36.5 39 38.8 39. 41 38.5 3 38 3 38.5 4 39 4 3 39.4 38.8 39.5 4 39.3 38.9 37.9 3 1 2 3 4 4 Chemicals and allied products 28 Industrial inorganic chemicals 281 Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee 2819 Plastics materials and synthetics 282 Plastics materials and resins 2821 Organic fibers, noncellulosic 2824 Drugs 283 Pharmaceutical preparations 2834 Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods 284 Soap and other detergents 2841 Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations 2842,3 Toilet preparations 2844 Paints and allied products 285 Industrial organic chemicals 286 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 2865 Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee. 2861,9 Agricultural chemicals 287 Miscellaneous chemical products 289 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4.8 39.9 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 43 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 39.3 4 4 4 44 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 41 4 4 39.6 4 4 4 4 43 4 4 43 4 4 4 4 41 41 4 44 4 39.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 3 3 Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 29 291 295 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 5 6.7 7 7. Rubber and misc. plastics products Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 3 31 32 33,4 36 37 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 38.6 4 4 41 4 2 4 4 Leather and leather products Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 37.5 4 3 37.7 3 38.9 37 36.7 4 3 3 3 39.4 3 3 4.8 3 3 3 39.6* 3 37.5 4.8 37. 37.9 3 4. 36.7 36.7 1. 2 Transportation and public utilities 38.9 38.8 38.9 38.7 38.9 Railroad transportation: Class I railroads 3 411 4 4 4 4 Local and interurban passenger transit Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation 41 411 413 3 38.7 38 3 38.6 4.6 3 38.4 4.6 34 37.8 4.3 Trucking and warehousing Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing 42 421,3 422 38 38 38. 38 38 37.9 37.7 37.7 38.7 37.9 37.8 38.7 Pipe lines, except natural gas 46 4.7 41 4 4 See footnotes at end of table. 94

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Nondurable goods Continued Printing and publishing Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2751 2752 276 278 279 $17 1.2 1.67 98 8.73 9.92 9 1.52 1 1.71 1.5 8 19 $14 1.8 1.7 93 8.7 9.82 93 1.45 1.8 1.61 1.59 8. 14 $1.41 1.32 1.7 9.41 9.3 9.99 9.77 1.71 1.35 1.85 1.8 87 19 $1.44 1.31 1.78 99 8.9 9.88 9.77 1.79 1.4 1.95 1.84 88 19 $1.4 $386 337 4186 357 339 39.85 338 416.59 397.94 425 429.45 39.42 479.62 $3816 338.69 415 352 337 388.87 335 48.6 391 415 426.78 299 467.74 $39 346 49.81 377.34 357.59 48.59 351 418.76 48 4235 448 318.4 499 $398.81 342 413 373 347.99 41 359.54 4253 42 433 45 32 52 $3946 Chemicals and allied products 28 Industrial inorganic chemicals 281 Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee 2819 Plastics materials and synthetics 282 Plastics materials and resins 2821 Organic fibers, noncellulosic 2824 Drugs 283 Pharmaceutical preparations 2834 Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods 284 Soap and other detergents 2841 Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations 2842,3 Toilet preparations 2844 Paints and allied products 285 Industrial organic chemicals 286 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 2865 Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee. 2861,9 Agricultural chemicals 287 Miscellaneous chemical products 289 14 12 12 17 11 1 11 112 1.89 16 1 9.31 1.74 12 13 11 14 112 1 11 19 17 19 1 14 116 1.88 14 9.99 9.36 1.79 12 14 1 14 12 15 18 15 15 16 1 15 19 11.9 15 1.2 9.61 111 19 11 19 12 16 15 14 11 14 17 17 16 19 111 14 12 9.56 112 11 15 17 129 14 12 51 562 5 529.44 585 497.42 477.67 463 447.58 612 418 377 446.78 64.32 612 647 5.52 466 519.6 572 585 537.46 59.86 54 478.91 464 44.64 599 48.59 367.85 446.71 658 635 657.9 5.84 468 538 59 598 55.8 594 528 494 477.51 451 633 42.84 38.56 46 65 62.54 665 521 479 533 596.5 597.97 554 598.75 5256 495 477.51 458.84 642 42.99 378.58 471 655 62.73 665 537 4789 53.85 Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 29 291 295 1 12 111 1 19 119 11 14 19 12 1 12 15 636.55 69.4 488.76 635 688.79 53 6413 69 486.78 65.51 697.6 524 661 Rubber and misc. plastics products Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear. Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products 3 31 32 33,4 36 37 8.8 17 7 8.85 8.47 89 8.82 15 4 8.88 8.52 82 8.97 17 66 8.96 8.69 4 8.97 146 64 8.97 8.66 6 9. 36 589.48 241 361 355 3385 36.74 589.88 245 358.75 346 335 376 64.72 257.49 39.66 358.9 3411 3735 638 237. 388.4 366 343 37 Leather and leather products Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 6 8 5 69 6 2 1 62 82 2 6 1 9 6 64 8 6 8 5 69 7 5 1 6 5 7 2275 338.58 21 236 189.74 245 2163 22 338 26 221 189.35 247.83 21 226.57 336 2147 23.37 197.68 248.69 27. 2323 34 225 2395 26 25 216 231 Transportation and public utilities 1 14 128 122 19 461 467 47 469.4 47.3 Railroad transportation: Class I railroads 3 411 143 13 1 15 616 68 6 59.9 Local and interurban passenger transit Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation 41 411 413 86 8.8 15 84 8.85 12 8.43 9.5 14 8 8.99 115 272 34.56 4411 276 341 477 288 347.52 46.4 286 339.82 458 Trucking and warehousing Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing 42 421,3 422 1.77 1.95 87 1.83 11.1 5 1.9 11.9 8.55 1.9 11.7 8.63 411 4189 316 412 419.48 317 3 418.9 33.89 4131 418.45 338 Pipe lines, except natural gas 46 15 14 13 18 625 627.89 665 669.54 See footnotes at end of table. 95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Transportation and public utilities Continued Communication Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting 48 481 483 39.5 4.6 3 39.8 3 39.9 41 3 39.6 41 3 Electric, gas, and sanitary services Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 49 491 492 493 495 4.6 4.4 4 4 41 4.6 42 4 4 4 41 4 41 41 4 4. 42 41 Wholesale trade 37.9 38 38. 38. 3 Durable goods Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment... Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods... 5 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 38.5 38. 37 38.8 3 4.5 38 38. 38.9 38. 38.5 38 3 39 3 4 3 38 38.9 37.7 38.6 38 38.4 38.7 3 4.8 3 38.4 39. 37.7 38.5 37.8 38 39.3 36 38. 38 38.8 37.9 Nondurable goods Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods 51 511 512 513 514 516 517 518 519 37 3 37.3 3 37.5 39 38.8 3 36.7 37.4 36.7 37 3 37.9 38.9 38.8 3 37 37 36.7 3 37. 37.5 39.5 39. 35 36.7 37 3 37.3 37.3 37.5 39.3 38 3 36.7 Retail trade 28.9 29 28.6 28.7 29. Building materials and garden supplies Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores 52 521 525 3 38 3 36.5 38 33 3 37.7 3 3 38.5 3 General merchandise stores Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores 53 531 533 539 27.7 27.5 28.4 29 28.4 28 29.3 29.9 2 25 27.9 28.4 2 2 28.5 28.7 Food stores Grocery stores Retail bakeries 54 541 546 29.4 29.6 27 3 3.4 27.4 29.7 29.7 28.7 29.5 29.6 28 Automotive dealers and service stations New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 55 551,2 553 554 3 37.3 38.8 3 36.5 37.3 39 3 36.5 37.6 38 34 3 37.4 38 3 Apparel and accessory stores Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 56 561 562 565 566 26 29 2 2 2 27. 3 2 27 28.4 2 28.8 2 2 27 26.7 28.5 2 2 27.9 Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores 57 571 572 573 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 Eating and drinking places 4 58 2 2 2 2 See footnotes at end of table. 96

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Transportation and public utilities Continued Communication Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting 48 481 483 $17 15 1.66 $18 13 1.8 $18 14 118 $17 1 15 $487 529.83 388.2 $488.74 533 394 $54 549.61 44 $497.77 543 43 Electric, gas, and sanitary services Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 49 491 492 493 495 16 17 18 164 9.96 15 13 15 14 9.99 12 145 18 18 1.51 17 19 18 19 1.58 5646 559.6 529 677.88 413 568 563 527 666 417.58 583 5873 537.59 6965 431 5788 598 52 681 434 Wholesale trade 9.53 9.53 9.8 9.78 $9.88 3619 369 37 374 $378.4 Durable goods Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment... Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods 5 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 9.64 8.58 8.83 9 9.8 1.34 9.91 96 1.3 7.73 9.65 8.59 8.92 95 9.81 18 9.91 97 1.3 7.67 9.96 8.99 9.6 9.36 9.54 1.52 1.35 9.36 1.64 7.9 9.96 8.99 9.2 9.38 9.38 1.53 1.34 9.4 1.67 7.8 3714 324 327.59 358 358.68 418.77 378.56 348.8 4.67 294 373 3278 3286 357.77 3552 416 379.55 359 4.67 2896 386 342 347.9 363 343 4292 391 359.42 416 297.83 386 339.82 346 368.63 338.62 43.68 392 3584 41 292 Nondurable goods Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods 51 511 512 513 514 516 517 518 519 9.37 1.2 1.73 97 9.48 17 9.73 1.97 7.67 9.37 1.1 1.77 93 9.48 12 9.63 1.97 7.66 9.57 1.35 1.92 9.35 9.69 128 9.79 1.84 7.84 9.52 1.39 1.78 98 9.7 123 9.66 1.94 7.75 348.56 368.74 43 337 35 4692 377.52 393 289 35.44 367.37 399.57 338 3599 47.69 374 392 285 35 379.85 45 345 368 4811 381 38.48 287.73 3544 387 49 3464 365 476.71 368.5 387 283 Retail trade 8 9 4 5 7 171 177.83 178.46 179.38 183 Building materials and garden supplies Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores 52 521 525 2 75 8 4 79 3 73 7.6 64 73 7.6 69 251 273 198 251 278.48 198 268 286.52 198.94 265 29 199.32 General merchandise stores Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores 53 531 533 539 3 6.73 1 7 5 6.75 1 3 8 6.78 6 3 8 6.79 1 5 1781 188 13 148.4 1838 19.35 13 15.4 169 178 139 148.53 171.7 176.54 137.9 15.68 Food stores Grocery stores Retail bakeries 54 541 546 5 7 3 7 72 6 8 71 1 7.1 74 2 23 216 149.86 29.8 215 154 27.31 2117 166.75 2 214 1642 Automotive dealers and service stations New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations 55 551,2 553 554 7.67 9.31 6.58 5 7.73 9.41 2 7 7.93 9.52 1 6 8.6 9.75 7. 3 278.42 3476 25 187 2825 35.99 259.5 188 289.45 357.95 266 191 298 365 267.4 199 Apparel and accessory stores Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 56 561 562 565 566 8 57 9 5 3 3 2 3 6 7 6.78 4 9 3 6.77 9 6 3 143 183 138 149 146 149.31 199.56 13 147.7 157.9 147.42 196 1293 144 158.58 1529 195 135 144 165 Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores 57 571 572 573 7.33 7.49 74 7.9 7.47 7.56 7.35 7.35 7.65 7.78 7.64 7.42 7.67 7.77 7.63 7.51 2416 2447 242 238 247 246 249 28 256 257.52 255 236 25.4 257.96 256 236.57 Eating and drinking places 4 58 9 8 118 117 115 11 See footnotes at end of table. 97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed Industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average weekly hours P P Average overtime hours P P Retail trade Continued Miscellaneous retail Drug stores and proprietary stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores... Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee 59 591 594 596 598 599 29.8 27.7 28 3 38.6 31 3 28. 28.5 3 37.6 3 29.9 27.4 28 3 39.8 3 29.5 27 28 3 38.5 31 Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 3 3 3 3 3 Banking Commercial and stock savings banks 6 62 3 3 3 3 36 3 3 3 Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions 61 612 614 3 3 3 3 36 36.5 3 36 3 36 3 3 Insurance carriers Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 63 631 632 633 37.6 37. 38 37.5 37.4 37. 38 37 37.7 37.3 38.9 37.4 37.3 3 3 37. Services 3 3 3 3 3 Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 5 71 3.6 3 3 3.4 Personal services: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops 4 721 723 3 29.8 3 29.7 3 29.4 3 29.4 Business services Advertising Services to buildings Computer and data processing services 73 731 734 737 3 3 28.6 37 3 3 28.6 37.3 3 37 29 37.9 3 36.5 29. 37.4 Auto repair, services, and garages Automotive repair shops Miscellaneous repair services Motion pictures 75 753 76 78 781 3 38 37.5 28.6 3 3 38.4 37.7 28. 3 3 37.8 37.6 3 37.8 36 37.9 37.3 29.4 37 Motion picture production and services.. 79 28 2 28.4 27.9 Amusement and recreation services Health services Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals Legal services Miscellaneous services Engineering and architectural services... Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping.. 8 81 82 85 86 81 89 891 893 3 3.7 28 31 34 3 39. 39.5 39 3 3.7 28 31 3 3 39 39.4 39.9 3 3 28.5 3 3 3 39 39.3 39.8 3 31 2 31 3 3 39. 39.4 39.5 See footnotes at end of table. 98

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry Continued Industry 1972 SIC Code Average hourly earnings P P Average weekly earnings P P Retail trade Continued Miscellaneous retail Drug stores and proprietary stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores... Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee 59 591 594 596 598 599 $1 4 7 7.9 9 6 $1 5 7 79 8.98 6 $6.5 6 61 76 9.43 7 $9 5 61 77 91 6.52 $188.4 167 165 236 3516 25 $189.93 16 167.3 238.71 337.65 29.95 $195 164 17 239 371 211 $196 166 17 231 359 22 Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 8.72 8.71 9.6 9.1 $9.3 316.54 3167 329.78 326 $329 Banking Commercial and stock savings banks 6 62 7.5 75 7.46 7 7.75 7.52 7.72 7.46 27. 261. 268.56 259 279.78 27.72 276 268 Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions 61 612 614 7.9 7.31 7.44 7.87 7.32 7.36 82 7.62 7.61 8 7.62 7.63 2894 2636 269.33 289.62 265 268.64 298.82 278 28.81 291 27.51 277.73 Insurance carriers Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 63 631 632 633 9.53 9.8 9.44 9.83 9.54 91 9.34 9.86 1.7 9.72 9.67 1.51 1.6 9.72 9.69 1.43 353 336 359.66 368.63 35 337.7 355 366.79 379.64 366 3766 397 374 357.7 3713 381 Services 8.41 8.4 8.79 8.79 8.81 278 272 287.43 282 2871 Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 5 71 7 6 8 1 184 182 199.69 192 Personal services: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops 4 721 723 8 69 8 8 3 8 3 2 186 295 189.49 29.95 19.51 212 199.92 Business services Advertising Services to buildings Computer and data processing services 73 731 734 737 8.61 19 19 8.62 13 6.71 15 9.2 18 6.71 18 8.98 16 6.77 15 287.57 42.84 188.76 443 287.5 423 191 444 37 452 196 479 33 447.49 193 469 Auto repair, services, and garages Automotive repair shops Miscellaneous repair services Motion pictures 75 753 76 78 781 7.72 4 8.98 125 164 7.76 7 8.98 1 16 8.6 8.68 9.39 11 14 8.6 8.71 9.41 13 1 284 318.59 336.75 347.49 587.5 284 321 338.55 33 569 298 328 356 376.55 617.65 29.97 331 35.99 377 628 Motion picture production and services.. 79 7.4 7.34 7.62 7.6 28.68 27.72 211 214 Amusement and recreation services Health services Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals Legal services Miscellaneous services Engineering and architectural services... Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping.. 8 81 82 85 86 81 89 891 893 8.57 1 8.44 9.66 12 13 18 1.6 8.6 89 8.45 3 9.72 19 11 18 9.93 9.1 8.65 8.75 15 19 18 18 1.36 9.4 8.65 8.79 18 11 13 15 18 275 2552 2376 188 329.41 47.66 467 511 395 272 25 2389 182 33.48 41 465 57.47 391 293 271 249.38 196.54 35.55 439.65 488 52 413 291.9 269.2 248.76 192 348.49 42 477 525 46 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 See table C2a for average hourly earnings in the aircraft industry (SIC 3721). 3 Publication of data for SIC 3761, and thus the 376 aggregate, has been temporarily suspended, as the series may have been inflated by the incorrect incorporation of lumpsum payments. Estimates for October 1983 forward are under review. 4 Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $5,, or more. 5 Money payments only; tips, not included. 6 Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this division. Data not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to revision. 99

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings in Aircraft Manufacturing For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721) has been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aircraft companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition takes account of traditional wage rate changes, it does not capture "lumpsum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases" which were negotiated in aircraft manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983. As a service to aircraft companies and other interested parties, BLS has calculated an average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 which includes lumpsum payments. This series is presented in table C2a along with the average hourly earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. The series begins in October 1983, the effective date of the first aircraft bargaining agreement using lumpsum payments. The general practice in the industry has been to make this payment at the beginning of the contract year "in lieu of a wage increase" and to base the amount of the payment on the workers' earnings during the preceding year. As a result, the Bureau considered three approaches to the method for calculating an average hourly earnings series which includes lumpsum payments: 1. The entire payment could be included in the month in which the payment was made. 2. The payments could be prorated backward to payroll periods used to determine the amount of the lumpsum payment. 3. The payments could be prorated forward as an advance payment for payroll periods in the year following the payment. The first approach, attractive because it includes the payment in the month in which it is received by the worker, creates 1month "spikes" and a series which would not be useful for escalation purposes. The second approach, which prorates the payments backward, places emphasis on the determination of the amount of the payment from workers' earnings in the previous year. This approach generally relates the payments to the workers who receive them. However, the Bureau has received statements from both union and company officials who negotiated the agreements covering a majority of the workers in the industry. These statements make clear that the intent of the bargainers was to make an advance payment for the upcoming contract year in lieu of an increase in wage rates for that following year. Because BLS has a longstanding policy of leaving the interpretation of collective bargaining agreements to the parties involved, the Bureau calculated the inclusion of lumpsum payments using the third method, prorating the payments forward through the years covered by the contract. Because the payments prorated forward under this approach may include payments to workers no longer on the payroll, data provided by the aircraft companies have been used to adjust for this difference. Lumpsum payments are but one of several recent changes in the way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the Bureau plans to conduct a broadbased review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the proper treatment of lumpsum payments and other new compensation practices. C2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) Year Annual average Jan. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Average hourly earnings, excluding lumpsum payments 1983 1984 1985 1986 $11 138 18 14 $12 11 18 11 16 $18 132 14 11 16 $15 131 16 16 p 19 $11 14 15 13 $18 16 18 13 $17 131 12 12 $19 15 11 18 $17 136 14 16 $17 16 18 16 $16 14 15 12 1 $13 15 17 17 14 $13 133 18 15 19 Average hourly earnings, including lumpsum payments 1983 1984 1985 1986 $131 1 1 12 $15 16 18 11 18 $12 16 14 15 19 $12 13 16 19 p 12 $18 16 18 16 $17 17 1 12 $16 13 14 19 $131 19 11 17 $19 19 13 13 $139 18 17 19 $13 16 14 149 143 $12 18 17 11 16 $13 17 18 16 11 p = preliminary. 1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, 1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls Industry P P Manufacturing $9.44 $9.48 $9.63 $9.64 $9.67 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products.. Miscellaneous manufacturing 9.95 7.92 7.34 9.59 111 9.56 15 9.51 13 9.34 7.44 9.98 7.99 7.37 9.67 17 9.6 17 9.52 12 9.38 7.46 14 81 7.52 9.82 11 9.73 1.37 9.68 15 9.59 7.66 14 83 7.55 9.81 13 9.74 1.37 9.69 16 9.5 7.66 18 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 8.72 8.56 15 6.76 9 1.68 9.79 1 11 8.41 2 8.79 8.58 16 4 1.77 9.79 17 12 8.46 9 8.91 8.66 11 8 9 1.89 1.2 19 145 8.55 1 8.93 8.67 15 7. 1.9 1.3 17 145 8.55 4 $8.96 1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf. 2 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to revision. 11

ESTABLISHMENT DATA EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars. Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry P P P P Total private: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars $8.92 $8.91 7 $98 8 $99 6 $92 $38.63 169.48 $389 1688 $316.71 1689 $317.6 167.76 $32.86 Mining: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 11 7 13 6.79 11 6.7 1 1 $14 522 2876 519.57 286 524 2796 52. 2753 $529.94 Construction: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 19 2 15 5 17 6.78 13 6.79 $13 47.87 258.58 469.37 255 467 24 4813 257 $487.54 Manufacturing: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 9.85 1 9.87 9 1.6 4 1.7 3 $12 47 2214 398.75 217.78 49.44 217.44 417 218.45 $412 Transportation and public utilities: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 1 6.53 14 6.52 128 7 122 1 $19 461 251 467 251 47 252 469.4 2487 $47.3 Wholesale trade: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 9.53 3 9.53 1 9.8 9.78 57 $9.88 3619 195 369 19 37 197.77 374 193 $378.4 Retail trade: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 8 4 9 3 4 1 5 1 $7 171 99 177.83 972 178.46 97 179.38 91 $183 Finance, insurance, and real estate: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 8.72 9 8.71 6 9.6 1 9.1 7 $9.3 316.54 173 3167 178 329.78 1754 326 17.67 $329 Services: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 8.41 2 8.4 9 8.79 7 8.79 5 $8.81 278 149.63 272 1488 287.43 154 282 152 $2871 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to revision. 12

C5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Industry May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec, Jan. p " Total private 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Mining Construction Manufacturing Overtime hours Durable goods Overtime hours Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 4.6 41 4.6 39 4 4 4 41 4 4.6 4 42 4 39.9 4 43 4 4 4 4.8 4 4 4 4 4.6 4. 4 43 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4.6 4. 4 4 44 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4.4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.6 39.4 39.3 4 4 4 4.8 4 4.4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4.4 4. 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 42 41 4 4.8 4. 4 4 4 42 4 4 43 4 4 4.4 39.8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 39.4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 4 4.4 39.7 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 39.3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4.3 39.3 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 4 Nondurable goods Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 39.7 39.8 4 36 4 37.7 4 4 4 4 4 37 4 37.9 42 4 4 4 42 37 4 38 4 4 4.3 39.9 4 37.3 4 38 4 4 4.3 4.3 42 37.4 4 37.9 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 38 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 37.4 4 38. 4 4 4.4 4.6 4 37 4 38. 4 4 4.3 4.6 4 37 4 37.9 4 4 4.4 4.8 4 3 4 38. 4 4 4.3 4.4 4 37. 4 38 4 4 4 4. 4 37 43 38 4 4 4 4 4 37 4 38. 4 4 Transportation and public utilities 39. 39 38.8 39 39.3 39 39.3 39 39. 39.4 39 38.7 39 Wholesale trade 38 3 38 38 3 38. 38.4 3 38 38 3 38 38.4 Retail trade 29.5 29.4 29 29.3 29.6 29.6 29.3 29 28.8 29. 29 29. 29.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate Services 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal components are small relative to the trendcycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 13

ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (1977 = 1) Industry May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. p Total private Goodsproducing Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Serviceproducing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services 119.6 98. 8 13 92 89.6 1 1 8 62 49.6 88.4 8 99. 9 8 11. 79.9 9 99.3 77.3 8 8 99.5 128.7 9 8 11 57.4 13 17.9 117.4 12 14 15.3 12 99 8 13 93 9.5 1 19. 8 63 5.7 89. 8 99.4 97.3 86 1 81. 97. 99.6 8 8 8 1.5 13. 9 8 11 59.5 13 18.5 117.7 121 14 151 12. 98.9 8 13 93 9.5 1 19.5 86 6 5 89 86.5 99.9 9 85 1 8 97. 99.3 7 8 8 1. 131 9 8 11 59.7 13 17.6 117.6 12.4 14 15 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. p = preliminary. 12.6 99.5 8 13 9 9.6 1 11 86 6 5 89. 87. 1.6 9 8 1 8 98 99.6 73 8 88 1.8 13 9 8 11 6 13 19. 117.5 121 14 15 121 99.7 8 13 9 91 11 11 86 6 5 89.4 87.4 1.8 97.4 86 1 8 97.7 99.5 71. 8 8 1.4 13 9 8 11 6 133 19.7 118 12 14 15 12.4 97.7 8 12 93 9 99 19.7 8 6 5 88 86.7 99.3 9 8 12 8.7 97.4 99 7 8 8 1 13 9 8 11 6. 13 19.9 117.3 12 14 15 12 1 87.7 13 9 9 1 11 87.7 6 5 9 89.3 1 97.8 8 15 8 98.7 1.3 7 8 87.8 1 13 9 8 118.4 61 13 11.9 118.8 12 14 15 12 1 8 136 9 9 1 11 88 67.3 5 9 9 1 97.3 86.7 1 8 99. 1 7 8 87.6 11. 13 97. 8 119.3 6 13 11.7 119. 12 14 15 12 1 8 138.5 9 9 1 11 88.7 67 55 9 9 1 9 8 1 8 99 1 78.5 8 87.3 1.5 133 97.8 8 119.8 6 13 11.5 118.8 12 141 15 12 1.6 8 13.5 9 9 1 11 86.7 6 5 9 9 13 9 8 1 8 99.6 1 78.9 8 8 1 13 97.8 8 12 6 13 11 119.6 12 143 15 12 1 8 137.6 9 9 1 11 87.7 6 5 9 91 1 9 8 1 8 99.4 1 77.7 84 8 11 13 97.4 8 119.8 59.7 13 11 12.3 12 14 158.6 123 1 8 14 9 9 1 11 88 6 5 9 9 1 9 8 1 83 99. 11 7 8 86.5 1.3 13 98. 8 12 59.7 13 11.9 12.8 12 141 15 12 1 88.5 14 96 9 1 11 88.5 67 5 9 9 1 97.9 87.7 1 8 99.3 1 7 8 8 1.8 13 98 8 12 57.8 13 11 12 12 143 158.4 NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 14

C7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted ESTABLISHMENT DATA EARNINGS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Industry May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. p 1 Hourly Earnings lndex 2 (1977 = 1) Total private (in current dollars) 17 17 17 17 174 17 17 17 17 17 176.5 17 177.6 Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services 15 17 17 159.8 179.4 154 17 17 ( 3 ) 16 179.9 15 17 17 ( 3 ) 16.3 179.9 15 17 17 1 ( 3 ) 18.5 ( 3 ) 15 17 177. ( 3 ) 16 ( 3 ) 18 15 176.7 17 ( 3 ) 16 ( 3 ) 18 15 17 17 ( 3 ) 16 18 15 17 177 ( 3 ) 16 ( 3 ) 18 15 17 177.4 ( 3 ) 16 ( 3 ) 185 157 17 17 ( 3 ) 163 ( 3 ) 18 15 177.3 177.8 ( 3 ) 16 18 15 177.5 177.8 ( 3 ) 16 187 ( 3 ) 157.3 178. 177.7 ( 3 ) 16 ( 3 ) 188.4 Total private (in constant dollars) 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Total private Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities.. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services $8.91 $11 9.86 16 9.52 8 8.69 9 $8.95 $15 9.88 15 9.59 9 8.74 8.41 $8.94 ( 3 ) $12 9.88 17 9.58 6 8.68 8.4 $8.96 ( 3 ) $17 9.87 14 9.59 61 8.74 8.44 $9.2 ( 3 ) $11 9.93 18 9.68 63 8.88 8.54 Average hourly earnings $9.2 ( 3 ) $17 1.2 14 9.65 69 8.79 8.53 $9.8 f) $18 1. 19 9.72 66 8.85 8.6 $92 ( 3 ) $14 1.1 19 9.75 67 8.97 8.67 $91 ( 3 ) $15 1.2 12 9.69 1 8.84 8.65 $95 ( 3 ) $17 1.2 17 9.77 1 8.99 8.72 $93 ( 3 ) $14 1.3 123 9.75 69 8.97 8.7 $97 ( 3 ) $16 1.4 123 9.78 2 8.95 8.75 $92 $19 11 121 9.87 6 9.1 8.8 Average weekly earnings Total private: In current dollars Inconstant (1977) dollars 4. 398 168.67 316 169.85 3111 168.71 311 168.64 31 169.43 319 167.61 319 169.55 3189 169.94 311 168.2 318.42 169 318.64 168.95 3178 167.61 328 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing and interindustry employment shifts. 3 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal components are small relative to the trendcycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 4 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW) is used to deflate these series. 5 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision. 15

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls In States and selected areas Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings State and area P? Alabama Birmingham. Mobile Alaska. Arizona. Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock. Pine Bluff 4.8 4 4 4.3 4.7 4 41 4 4.8 4 38.9 4.7 4 4 4.3 4 4 4.7 4 4.7 41 4.4 4.8 4 $8.71 8.83 14 123 9.92 7.81 71 6 8.55 1.81 $8.98 95 1.6 17 9.74 75 8.58 8.63 1.61 $8.98 9 1.54 19 9.89 8.4 7.32 8.56 8.7 1.52 $354 366 424 52.38 399.78 317.87 2851 346 356 448.62 $368 377.9 434 456 397 321 3 355 347.79 448.8 $3688 3819 428.98 498.88 49 3273 3.85 342 356 444 California. 4.4 1.7 438 ) ) Colorado. Denver... 4.6 38.4 39.7 39.3 39.9 39.6 1.5 1.77 19 1.55 17 1.61 4 417 48.51 412 49.77 426 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New HavenMeriden. Stamford Waterbury 42 4 4 4.3 4 4 4 4 4.3 4 4 4 42 4 4.4 4.7 4 1.31 1.87 1.64 9.88 117 9.2 1.72 112 1.99 16 1 98 1.76 114 11.4 19 18 92 435 455 45 49 455 389.66 445 473 4687 49.45 476 392 45.84 47 471 418 496 387.6 Delaware Wilmington. 4 4 4 4.8 38.8 4.6 1.79 19 1.65 12 1.75 1 452 555 4283 5274 417 527.8 District of Columbia: Washington 39.3 39.5 38.7 1.75 1.77 11.8 428 422 428.8 Florida Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach.. Jacksonville MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach. 4.7 4 4 39 4.7 4 4 4 4.7 4 41 39.5 41 39.9 4.5 4 4.5 41 4.3 39.3 4.3 4 42 8 7.89 8.84 7 8.48 1.5 7.49 95 85 1 8.94 72 8.64 1.87 7.84 9.4 88 8.41 8.99 76 8.76 1.88 7.91 98 329.67 3361 368.63 273 3454 438.9 31 394 338 346.53 363 2814 357 431 317.52 4 334 349 36 289 353 45.43 322 39.69 Georgia Atlanta Savannah. 4 4 4 47.6 4 4 47.4 8.43 1. 1.69 8.55 1.5 116 8.6 17 13 343 41. 47.36 358 421 5312 354 4251 537.4 Hawaii Honolulu... 39.3 39.5 4.7 4. 4.5 4 98 9.38 9.65 9.77 9.72 9.8 36.77 37.51 396 39.8 396 398 Idaho. 37.8 37 37.5 9.56 9.74 9.55 367 365 3583 Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline., Decatur Joliet Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield 4 4 39.3 39.5 4 4.7 4 4.8 39.5 4 4 4 4 42 4. 4 4. 4 4 4.8 4 4 4 4 4 4 39.8 4 4 4 4 4.7 4 4 4 1.85 1.37 1.56 9.44 1.58 1 17 18 1.67 17 1.68 16 11.6 1.58 111 94 1.7 15 146 1 114 15 13 13 11 1.63 114 97 1.71 12 142 19 111 1 18 15 458 43 411 378 444 523 5815 468 427 547.33 4425 487.5 461 442 44 377.92 458 5 62 496 451 628 52 479 469 447 46.8 368.95 454 5 5978 492 455 597.64 51 481 Indiana.. 4 4.8 4 11.3 119 11 459.95 43 47.5 See footnotes at end of table. 16

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings State and area P P Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City 4 4 4 39.4 4 4.3 4 4.7 3 4 39.8 4 39.9 3 $1.53 11 11 15 9. $1.61 17 14 17 87 $1.54 14 1 12 8 $43.68 458.68 487 535 35 $44.32 473 52.58 4878 287 $437.41 471 56 479.6 297.49 Kansas Topeka Wichita 41 4 39. 4.4 4 4.6 4.8 4 41 1.7 1.99 1.85 1.5 12 1.39 1.2 14 1.35 418 468 4235 42 512 423 48.82 499 422 Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville 4. 4 41 39.8 4 41 4.3 39.3 4 9.92 1.41 119 1.8 19 15 1.4 17 14 39 417.44 461.3 418 48.62 478.82 41 399.68 486 Louisiana Baton Rouge New Orleans Shreveport 4 4 4.4 4 4 4 4.3 4.5 4 4 4 1.95 123 1.68 17 1.83 19 1.51 16 1.78 1 19 14 457.71 5196 437 481 458 54.82 425 4643 459 529.48 42.86 48.73 Maine LewistonAuburn Portland 4 4 39.9 4. 39. 39.9 4 4 8.71 77 99 8.9 7.82 9.47 8.81 7.75 9.41 361 293 368 35 38 377.85 3611 32.85 399.93 Maryland Baltimore 4.8 4 4.6 4 4.6 4 1.8 1.74 15 11.5 19 11.7 4116 448.93 4165 46.79 417.77 464 Massachusetts Boston Springfield Worcester 4.6 4 4.4 41 42 39.8 4 4 4 4.7 9.58 1.48 91 1.6 1.84 9.51 12 1.8 1.85 9.5 16 392 429 385 391 42 441 4.37 46.76 417.31 455 45 417.58 Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland... 4 45 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 41 4.3 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 39.9 4 19 14 18 1 12 11.9 12 146 15 18 16 14 11 149 16.55 113 19 17 18 1 18 18 15 147 18 19 12 12 12 153 557 63 59.42 68.58 665 442 522 68.88 478 624 5585 623 581 6176 686 457 521 586 4894 63 567.6 632 61 617.81 7 465 518.67 632 479.6 65.59 Minnesota, Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul St. Cloud 4.7 38. 4.8 39.5 4.5 38.7 4.8 39.7 4.3 39 4.7 39.3 1.41 1.94 116 9.9 1.45 113 111 9.53 1.39 114 11 9.7 429 412 453 359.6 423 43.73 459 374 418.72 439 457 3811 Mississippi Jackson 39.9 39.6 39.5 4.5 4. 4.5 7.59 8.57 7.76 8.72 7.76 8.85 34 339.37 36.52 3536 31.4 358.43 Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield 4 4 41 39.5 4. 39.4 39. 4.5 4.8 4 39.6 1.2 1 13 8.7 1 14 15 8.53 11 13 1 8.5 4 46 474 345 4 45.74 477.65 337 49.46 47 488 33 Montana 37.4 39.7 38.9 1.69 1.58 1.43 399.81 42.3 43 Nebraska Lincoln Omaha 4. 4.4 39.8 4. 4.8 41 4. 41 41 9.3 9.81 9.85 9.44 12 1 9.46 9.93 13 37 392 393 377.6 41 4192 378.4 492 428 Nevada Las Vegas 4.7 39.8 39.9 39.7 39.8 9.59 1 9.91 1 1.6 19 393 4722 392 49.77 399.38 56 New Hampshire Nashua 41 4 39 39 4.3 4 9.9 11.1 9.49 19 9.52 18 37 462 371.6 457.8 386 488 See footnotes at end of table. 17

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly hours P Average hourly earnings P Average weekly earnings New Jersey 4 4 $14 $1.77 $1.77 $426 $445 $44 New Mexico Albuquerque 4 39.5 41 4.8 4 8.49 8.89 8.79 96 95 34 3516 3617 377.81 3549 383 New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 4. 4. 4 4 37.9 37.6 4 39.4 4 4 4.8 4 4 39 39.6 4 4.6 4 4 39.3 37.3 37 4 38. 4.8 4 37.3 4 39 39.8 4 4 4 4 39.9 37 3 4 39 4.8 4 38 4 41 39.8 1.3 1.46 94 17 9.7 1.37 9.36 91 16 7.89 94 11 9.99 111 9.68 1.41 13 1.95 9.51 18 9.63 1.86 9.65 9.48 11 8. 9.75 11 1.47 18 9.62 1.75 1.3 1.92 9.46 127 9.69 11.4 9.66 9.5 12 9.8 13 1.35 14 9.68 1.71 41 418.4 366.51 52 397.7 4243 354 34 538 31.87 388.45 495 47.59 462 46.56 47.3 451 439 3861 51 46 42 359.95 351 552 3 397.8 517.2 39.53 483 392 42.33 49.94 438.98 394 52.88 417 44.5 359.35 35.55 566 318 399.84 529 394 487 397.85 426 North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham 4 4 4 4 4 4.7 4 4.8 4 4.3 4.7 4 4 7.76 7.83 7.99 8.58 8.85 7.99 8.5 82 8.84 9.7 81 89 8.76 9.9 3216 328 337.98 351 374 3259 338 337.2 37 3782 32 33 337.4 3518 3784 North Dakota FargoMoorhead 39.4 36.7 38.6 38. 38 37.9 8.43 1 87 3 2 3324 38 3192 316.54 317.82 317 Ohio Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 13 1 1.88 11 15 15 1 19 16 15 11.8 16 15 129 15 17 12 19 1.79 15 13 18 134 1 498.53 484 46 498.7 477.47 4945 546 579.79 56 488.5 467 51 477.47 516 526.58 556 518 497 4538 59.95 477.34 534 562 557.44 Oklahoma Oklahoma City Tulsa 41 4.5 4.7 4.8 4 4.4 4. 41 9.99 11.9 1.51 11 14 1.82 17 1 1.8 419 4495 427.76 417.59 467 447 411 46. 448 Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem 39 4.3 38.9 37.7 39.9 4 39.6 38 39 4.4 39.7 38.4 1.53 1.53 1.85 9.51 1.72 1.59 1.91 9.54 1.73 1.63 1.96 9.5 412 426 427 358.53 427.73 448 434 363 419.54 429.45 4351 36 See footnotes at end of table. 18

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings State and area "? Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Pittsburgh Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Williamsport York 4.5 39.5 38.6 4 4 39.5 38.8 39.9 4 4.8 39 4.5 4 4.8 39.5 4.7 4 4 39.5 39.8 4 4.3 4 4.7 38. 4.5 4 4.8 4.3 4.5 4 4 39.7 39.6 4. 4.3 4 4.6 38.8 4 4 $9.84 1.43 8.8 1.98 15 9.33 2 9.59 1.66 11.6 9.98 8.62 8.52 9.31 $15 1.31 8.56 1.78 1.36 9.44 8.54 9.85 11.1 119 1.49 8.8 8.69 9.68 $13 19 8.74 1.74 1.37 9.42 8.43 9.88 1.99 112 1.56 8.77 8.75 9.66 $398.52 419 339.68 457 42 368.54 322 384 437.6 461 478 337.4 346 398 $4142 475 349 46.31 444 378 339.89 397 44 474 424 33 355 417 $41 41.66 357 453 444 377 333 39 44 463 428.74 348 368 48.62 Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence 39.9 4.8 39.7 39.8 4.5 39.5 39.9 4.7 39.7 7.62 82 6 7.91 5 9 7.94 7 32.4 31.9 326 333 32.36 329.83 336 3236 339 South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 8.6 96 7.89 7.97 85 9.8 81 81 86 9 86 83 33 384 329 334 34 378 339.7 342 344 3819 339.49 3439 South Dakota Sioux Falls 4 4 4 4 4 8. 84 8.7 5 8. 86 337.6 372 34.55 375 328. 353 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville 4 4 4 39.8 4 4 43 4 39.8 39.8 42 4 4 4.5 4 41 8.67 7.85 9.6 8.95 8.8 9.99 8.82 7.73 9.36 93 9.2 18 8.86 7.91 9.64 9.6 8.98 1.31 358.7 336 48 351 378.4 428.57 362 3336 48 367 368.92 494 371 333 42 363 392 424 Texas Dallas Ft. WorthArlington Houston San Antonio 41 4 4.5 4 4 4.6 4 39.9 4 41 4 4 39.8 9.82 9.66 9.79 115 7.63 9.89 9.72 1.89 111 7.72 9.9 9.65 1.91 117 7.7 4 4.89 396.5 48 317 49.45 398.52 4423 489 3 412 397.58 457 495 36 Utah Salt Lake CityOgden 39 39.6 4. 4.8 39.3 39.9 9.82 9.75 9.82 9.89 9.87 9.9 386 386 39 41 387.89 391 Vermont Burlington 4.6 4 4 4.5 4.5 41 8.92 9.96 94 9.62 99 9.51 3625 413 37.52 389.61 374 39.86 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 4.8 4 4. 4 4 39 4.5 4 4.4 4 4.4 4 39.8 4 4 4 4 39.7 4 4.8 4 4.3 9.7 7.85 7.33 8. 8.73 9.79 17 8.82 9.31 7.88 7.57 8.58 8.52 12 15 8.95 9.39 7.92 7.65 8.65 8.64 1.37 17 9.34 37.6 33 29 339 369 389 46.49 361 3762 341 33 351 339 41 518 3741 385 334 31 36.71 351 414 478.47 37 Washington 4 39.8 4 16 19 19 478 4694 468.77 See footnotes at end of table. 19

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings State and area P p P West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland... ParkersburgMarietta. Wheeling 4.4 4 39.7 4 4.4 41 4 4 4 41 41 4 4 4 $1.36 1 14 125 1.79 $1.63 13 1 14 13 $1.76 18 15 15 18 $418.54 54 468 57.87 432 $437.96 559.63 497.42 5285 488 $444 575 493 519.4 472 Wisconsin AppletonOshkosh Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Wausau Wyoming Puerto Rico Virgin Islands 41 4 4 4.8 38.6 4.5 39.5 4.3 4 4 4 38.4 39. 4 1 Not available. P = preliminary. NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this 4 4 39.8 4 4 4 3 4.4 4 4 3 39 4.4 4 4 39.7 41 39.5 4 38.6 4.8 4 4.8 4 3 39. 4 1.59 1.77 1.64 119 18 18 91 9.93 16 11.2 9.84 9.7 4 96 1.68 119 1.86 15 13 13 99 11 1 11.3 14 9.5 3 9.41 1.64 117 1.83 12 19 16 98 16 15 11.6 1.3 9.73 5 9.44 431 455 427.73 43 483 4894 36 48 4892 44 49.34 378 2126 386 449 4817 433 479.76 4894 567.57 358 48.44 484 4513 427.1 347.7 211 386 446 486 429.95 472 477.56 538 355 418.61 484 4515 414 328 215 378.54 publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks. 11

PRODUCTIVITY DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted Millions of hours (annual rate) 1 Percent change Industry r r P to P to r to P Total 194,773 194,515 195,93.7 Private sector 16,152 159,68 16,96.3 Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services 1,633 1,116 41,331 24,547 16,784 11,231 11,789 28,498 12,68 42,874 1,642 1,385 41,34 24,55 16,754 11,24 11,762 28,292 12,471 42,619 1,77 1,412 41,443 24,7 16,743 11,315 11,888 28,59 12,643 43,42 7 6.5 2 2.6..7.6.3.3.6 1. 1.8 1. Government 34,621 34,834 34,943 Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multiplied by 52. p = preliminary. =revised. NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 21341, chapter 13, Productivity Measures: Business Economy and Major Sectors. SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (22 523 9261). 112

PRODUCTIVITY DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C1. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted (1977 = 1) Annual average Quarterly index Item 1986 r 1985 IV 1986 IV IV r Business sector Output per hour of all persons Output Hours 7. Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator 19.5 128. 11 18 11 16 16 16 11.5 13 119.7 188 1.4 17.3 169.4 17. 18 12 11 177. 99.5 16 16 16 17.9 12 116 179.3 99.7 166 16 16 19.5 127.3 11 18.7 1 16 163 16 19.7 127.5 11 18 1 16 16 16 19.6 128 11 18 1 167.5 16 16 19.6 129. 117.8 18 1 169. 16 166.7 19.7 13 118.7 18 1.7 169.4 16 168 11 131 119 187.3 1.3 17 168.6 169.6 11 133 119.6 189 1.3 169.8 17 17.7 11.9 13 121 19.6 1 17 17.8 17 111 13 12 19 1 17 17 17 Nonfarm business sector Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator 17.5 127.5 118.6 18 1.6 169.3 16 167.8 18.4 13 12 187 99.8 17 17.4 17 1 12 11 17 99. 16 16 16 1 12 117.9 17 99 16 16.8 16 17.7 12 117.9 18. 99.8 167 16 16 17.7 127 118. 18 1.8 168.4 16 167.3 17.5 127.6 118.7 18 1.9 169.8 167. 168.8 17.5 128.5 119.6 18 11 17 16 168.8 17.6 129.7 12.6 18 1 17 167.4 17.3 18. 13.7 121 18 99.7 17 169 17 19 13 12 187.9 99.7 17 17 17 18.8 134 12 189.5 99.6 174 17 17 19 13 12 191 99.7 17 17 17 Manufacturing Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 128.8 12 97.8 18 11. 14 133 13 98.7 185 98.7 139 12 12 9 178. 1. 142 126 124 98.4 18 1.3 14 127.6 12 98 181. 1.3 14 128.4 12 97.5 182 1 14 129.3 12 97.5 183 11 14 129.8 127 97.9 18 11 14 13.8 128.4 98 18 99.6 14.5 13 129.9 97.7 18 98.9 139. 134 13 98.7 18 9 138 13 13 1.3 18 97.9 138.7 13 136 1.6 188 98 139. Durable goods Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Realcompensation per hour Unit labor costs 13 134 98. 18 1.3 13 142 139.6 98 18 97.8 129. 13 13.8 99.4 17 99 13 133 13 99.4 179.4 99.8 13 13 13 98.8 179.9 99.7 13 13 13 98. 18.8 1.5 13 137.5 134 97.5 18 1.4 132 138.4 13 97.8 183 1.5 13 139.9 13 97.8 18 98.7 13 14 137.8 97 18 98. 129 14 14 98. 18 97.3 12 14 14 99.8 18 97. 12 14 14 1. 186.7 97.3 129. Nondurable goods Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 11 11 97.4 18 1 15 119.7 119. 99.4 188.4 1.5 157.4 11 11 9 18. 11 15 11 112 97 181 1.8 157. 11 11 97 18 11 157.5 117. 11 9 18 1 157.5 117. 11 97.3 18 1 158.8 117 11 98 186.5 1 159.3 117.4 11 98.6 18 1 159 119.9 118 98.5 188 1.8 15 121 12.6 99.6 189. 1.3 156 12.4 12 1.9 189.8 99.8 157.6 12 12 1 19.9 99.5 157 Nonfinancial corporations Output per allemployee hour Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Total unit costs Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor costs Unit profits Implicit price deflator 19.9 129.4 117.7 178.9 98.9 167.7 16 18 129.3 163 11 13 12.5 18 97.5 171. 16 186.5 136 16 19 127.4 11 17 97.6 16 159 177.5 14 161 18.9 127.7 117.3 17 97.8 16 16 179.4 128.7 16 19.8 129 117.6 177 98 16 16 18.7 129.7 16 19.7 128.8 117.4 178.4 99 167 16 18.6 129.5 16 19.9 129.3 117.6 179.5 99 168.5 16 18 13.6 16 11.5 13.4 118. 181. 99.4 168.7 16 18 127.7 16 19.7 13.9 119.3 18.8 98. 169.7 16 184 13 16 19.9 13 119.8 18 97.5 17.9 16 18 13 16 11.8 13 12.6 18 97 171. 16 187.3 142 167.5 11.5 13 12 18 97 17 167 188. 137. 168 O O O O O p Not available. = preliminary. = revised. SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (22 523 9261). 113

PRODUCTIVITY DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year In productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates Percent change from Item Previous quarter Same quarter, previous year IV 1986 II III IV I r P IV 1986 I II III IV r P Business sector Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator 3.8 7.7.5.5.9 9...9 8.8.5.8 1 2.6.4 1. 1 5.5 2 Nonfarm business sector Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator. 7..4 1 4.8 8.8.3.6 9.3 1..9. 1 2.4.3 1 1 3 4.5 2 Manufacturing Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs.9.8 1. 6 4 7.6.7 7.5 6.7 2.5 1..5 1..6..7 1. 1 1 1 Durable goods Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs 1.7. 6 3 7. 1 1 7.7 3.4 2.7.9 1. 2.7 1.5 1. 6 2.7 3.9 Nondurable goods Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour, Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs.4 1 1 1 3.7.5 8.7 8.5 8.8 2 6.5 1. 1. 1. 4 2.4 1. Nonfinancial corporations Output per allemployee hour Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Total unit costs Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor costs Unit profits Implicit price deflator 2.7.3 8.5.5.5 1.7 2 2.9.4 3.7 1..4 1 O O OO O O O O O O 2.6 2.8. 2.8 2 8.8 2. 2 2 7.3 O O O OO O o o 1 p Not available. = preliminary. =revised. SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (22 523 9261). 114

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED D1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force P P P Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 1,86 439 127.3 29 13 68.8 1,87 44 13.3 28.4 136.5 69.7 1,85 437.9 129 2 13 69 167.6 3 7.6 2.6 8.9 14 28.5 19.5 8.7 4 137 27 19.6 8.5 9. 7.4 9.9 6.7 7.7 9.3 7.4 5 9.5 Alaska 24 239.6 24 3 26.5 2 1 11 1.8 Arizona Phoenix Tucson 1,61 997.7 37 1,637.7 1,1 31 1,6 1,15 31 1 5 1 9 47.8 1 9.6 4 1 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 1,7 56 89.5 25 3 1,19.9 6.3 9 26 37 1,12 6 94 26 37.5 99.4 19.6 97. 18.5 9 1 9 7.7 1.6 8.7 6.7 7. 9. 8 8.7 California 1 AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach 1 Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 13,59 1,288.8 22 28 4,187. 146 1,2 33 89 66 1,4 86 87.8 176.7 18 18 17 13,97 1,33 227. 288.9 4,4 15 1,3 34.8 938. 68 1,8.7 866 88.5 17 188.4 18 18 13,957.6 1,3 228 287 4,379. 15.9 1,31. 341 94 688 1,8. 866.5 87.3 17 189.6 18 18 858 4 29.4 4.4 261. 2 55 18.5 48.6 39.7 47 3 4 9.4 1. 2 1 81 2 3 249. 2.8 49.7 17 5 39.3 47.8 3 3 8.8 9.5 21 11. 739.9 38 27. 3 19 2.5 47.5 1 49.6 37 4 29.9 3 8.5 9. 2 1.6 1 14 1 1 3 1.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.8 Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver 1,78 13. 892 1,71 13 89 1,7 13.9 887.7 151. 8.5 7 138.9 7.8 6 13.3 7.3 61 8.8 8. 8 7 7.7 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 1,73 22 42 268 116.5 1 1,689.3 22 41 26 11 98.5 1,691 22 41 262 11 98.6 6 11. 1 9.4 3 9.9 1 8.9 5 8.7 1 7.6 4 3 2 Delaware Wilmington 321. 28 33 29 337.4 29 11 1 1 1 12 1 District of Columbia Washington 327. 2,9.3 32 2,13 33.3 2,157. 2 69.7 19. 6 17.6 6 7. 3 Florida 1 Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Fort MyersCape Coral Jacksonville MelboumeTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 5,81 14 61 13 43 171. 97. 54 14 11 12 95.6 39 5,959.3 149.7 63 14. 449.9 17 91 56 14 12 123 96 411. 6,4 153 642 14 45 178.9 92 57 149.5 12 125 977.5 41 31 2 2 11 5 2 1.9 47.9 18.7 298 28 2 49 2 9. 4 17.8 28 6.5 2 2 47. 2 9. 4 17.7 4 6.5 7.5 6 5 See footnotes at end of table. 116

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED D1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force 3,1 7 1,42 177 99. 12 19.5 57.3 379.4 4 1 5,68.9 167 6 87.6 3,7 18.8 57.7 19 25.6 15 14 1 2,687 59 57 89 139.3 188.9 25.8 63 6 59.4 12 5 1,44 9 217.5 4 58.5 69.6 1,25 9 247.4 1,67 179. 489.4 4 1,96 6.8 26 7 13 7.3 6 169 56 4.8 118 3,57 7 1,44 178 99.6 128.4 111. 52 39 45 1 5,738.9 17 6 89 3,15 181 58 19 26 152 147 18.9 2,71 57.9 5 9 138.9 19 24 643 6 59.5 12 5 1,45.7 9 22 4 59.5 69.3 1,27. 9 25 1,7 18 57 4 1,91.3 6.5 26 7 97.8 68 59 16 58 4 12 P 3,6 72 1,455 178.9 99.3 12 11 528.9 39 458.4 1 5,677.4 17 6 8 3,129.4 179. 57. 19 26 15.6 14 17 2,7 57.4 5 9 139 19 24 64 6 59.3 12 58.4 1,448.8 9 22 4 59.4 69. 1,28 94 25 1,699.4 18 57.6 4 1,9.4 6 259.7 69.6 97. 67.9 587.8 16 58 4 12 Unemployed 179.4 69 1 6.7 19.3 1 4 45 12 219. 1 17.6 1 1 1 19 1 1.4 3 3 7.4 1 6 1 7.5 7 1 171 1 37.5 27 7. 29.5 1 1 8 67.7 2 3.8 Number 18 7 1 7 7.6 7.8 17.5 1 4 469 1 22 1 18.7 1 1 1 7 17. 1 9.8 19.4 3 6.7 96 11 7.3 5 1 16 9.8 3 23 27 9.7 11 8. 59 19.5 3.7 P 178.7 72 11 7 7 7.9 16.7 11 38.5 5 44.5 1.7 21 1 17 1 1 1 6.5 15 2 9.6 9.3 18.4 29.3 2 8 9.8 6 1 16 9.8 3 22 6.5 2 9 1.6 7.6 57.3 18.5 3.5 5 1 6.7 8 7.3 7 8.8 1 9 9 1.9 7 7.4 > 8 1 7.4 " 7.7 7.3 6.7 8 8 1.8 1 7.7 1 1 1 11 2.9 1 1 11 1 Percent of labor force 5 7 7 9 8 7 8.8 1.4 9.5 8 9. 7.7 7.3 5 7.9 7 7 7.6 8.4 9.7 1 1 11 1.4 1 1 1 1. 1 P 7 7 8.4 7.8 6.7 8 9.8 8.9 7.7 8.6 4 7.5 7 6.7 7 5 9.4 9.8 1 1.7 9.8 1 1.9 11 9.8 1 Georgia Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah Hawaii Honolulu Idaho Boise City Illinois 1 AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul... Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Decatur Joliet Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls Kansas Topeka Wichita Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Monroe New Orleans Shreveport Maine LewistonAuburn Portland See footnotes at end of table. 117 Digitized for FRASER

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED D1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force 2,38 1,158 3,57.9 1,52 9 76.7 47. 18 148.8 85 249.9 21 4,46 15 6 7 2,16 198. 341 11 237.9 67.3 18.6 2,217.4 16.5 1,32 5 9 1,15 197 2,558 83 1,257.7 12. 397 8 12.6 32 54 317.3 13 567 9 12 3,96 166.7 724 269.5 55 46 97 17 681. 26 5 6 2,398.9 1,158 3,1 1,54 97.4 7 4 18 149. 8 25 218.9 4,469 159.9 6 7 2,15 197. 34 11 237. 66 18 2,24 1 1,34 57. 9 1,168.9 2 2,522 827.5 1,249 12 399.5 779.4 117. 31 566.5 33.7 139.3 58 97.5 128.8 3,97 16 72 269 559 46 96 17 681 261. 5 6 2,45 1,1 3,168.6 1,57 99.9 77 46 188. 15 88 259.8 22 4,448.8 159.9 6 7 2,1 196 34 11 23 6 18 2,26 1 1,35 57.7 9 1,159.6 2 2,541 83 1,25 12 4 784 117.9 31 567.9 33 139.3 59.8 1 13 3,97 16 72 271. 559.4 467 96 17 69.4 26 55 6 Unemployed 11.9 59. 136.5 5 9.3 6.7 1 8.7 37 6.5 5 17 19.5 21. 1 7.5 17.8 149.8 1 67 137.8 1 17 4 9 38.5 47.8 19 37.9 2 9. 1 169.7 1 27.7 18.4 1 16.5 4 67.3 17 4 Number 12 6 11 47.3 8.5 9.5 7.5 39 7 189 3 2.9 17 17.5 12 9 57.6 11 1 15 4 8 3 37.9 1 37.6 2 8.8 18.4 1 1 2 17.3 1 17.6 3 58.4 1 P 11 58.9 11 46.7 7.9 9.3 7.5 38 178. 29.8 19.9 17 1 19 7.9 5.5 1 1 137.3 39.7 78 3 3 1 3 21 8. 1 3 173 1 27. 19.5 1 18 4 59.7 1 5 8.4 5 7.9 4 8.4 8. 7.8 8. 9.9 11 9.8 1 5 7.6 1 7.4 9.7 7. 9.9 6.5 7.7 Percent of labor force 5 3 4 7 6.7 8.9 8.7 7.5 8.8 1 7 9.8 9.5 8.8 6.5 9.8 6 9 3 7. 8.6 6 7.4 P 5 6.7 8.6 9. 7.4 1 5 7.3 9.7 9.3 7.6 8.6 9 7 7 8.6 7.8 Maryland Baltimore Massachusetts 1 Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield Worcester Michigan 1 Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt.Paul Rochester St. Cloud Mississippi Jackson Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield Montana Nebraska Lincoln Omaha Nevada las Vegas Reno New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester... New Jersey 1 Atlantic City BergenPassaic Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe See footnotes at end of table. 118 Digitized for FRASER

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED D1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force 8,43 41. 12 439.3 39.4 1,4 3,94 3,281. 128.4 12 488. 31 13 3,218.8 8 617.5 51.4 39.8 32 44 8 37 5,16 31 73.3 99 68 45 3 217.9 1,57 3.5 49.8 51 35 1,36.5 13 62 12 5,45.3 39 56.5 123 298.7 9.9 2 2,319.7 919.4 16 33 5 2.8 51 16 33 1,6 21 22 318.9 34 38 7.5 8,42 41 12 442 4 1,41 3,87 3,2 13.8 12 49 32. 13 3,28 8 64.4 519 4.8 32.7 4 85 3 5,278.9 32 75 93.3 73 46 31 219.9 1,52 29.7 49.3 49 339 1, 14.8 647.8 13 5,65 31 58.5 6 127.3 31 9 21.5 2,41 94 17.7 34 59.7 21 518.5 16 339.9 1,63 22.9 227.6 318.7 34 38.9 7? 8,42 41 12 4 4 1,41 3,89.6 3,22 13.6 126 489.6 31 13 3,26 8 637.6 517.3 397.9 318.9 4 8 3 5,29 32 75 93 7 46 31 22 1,52 29.8 5. 49 339 1,418.4 141 65 13.4 5,617.5 315 58.6 6 12 311 9 21. 2,389.5 938.9 17 34 59.3 21.6 52.5 168 34 1,639.7 22 23.9 32.5 348. 39.4 7 Unemployed Number 449.4 18.9 2 49.9 21 191. 2 2 9 158.8 24 2.5 1 2 4 25 51 6 39.4 27.8 2 2 13 3 3 1 9 38.5 9.7 339.8 1 6 1 1 8.8 7.8 1 69. 9 2 9.8 2 9.3 1 98 1.9 8.6 1 17. 37 17 2 46.5 15 13 2 2.7 7.9 137.5 21 17 11 2.6 37 2 4 57.5 37.8 28.6 2.9 19 1 28.5 2 1.7 9 3 1 334 1 6.5 9.4 1 8.8 7.5 1 6 8. 2 4 9.4 2 1 9.8 1.3 7.6 1 1? 362 15 2 4 16 147. 19.9 19.4 7.4 129 3 2. 16.5 1.9 17.8 3 41 26.5 47.3 68. 4 3.6 2 2.9 1 27.6 2 9 8.4 3 9 31 1 9. 1 8. 7 1 61. 8.5 23 9 21 7.9 1 8 9.8 8 1 1 Percent of labor force 3 5 3 7. 7.9 8. 7. 7. 6 8. 1.3 8.6 8.5 9.5 7.6 6.7 7.9 8 1. 9.6 7.5 7.8 6 4 4 4 6.5 7 7 7.6 6 6.7 8.7 6 7.6 7 6.5 7.7 8 1.5 7.4 9.4 7 7. * 4 3 6 7.9 8 7.3 6 7.3 9.5 6.7 7.5 6.7 7. 7.5 1 7 8.7 6.5 6.7 6 4 5 New York 1 AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira NassauSuffolk New York New York City 1 Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Syracuse UticaRome North Carolina 1 Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks Ohio 1 Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem Pennsylvania 1 AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Williamsport York Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls See footnotes at end of table. 119 Digitized for FRASER

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED D1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis LMA Nashville 2,3 24 21 277.4 428 52 2,38 211 222 28 45 52.6 2,37 21 221 28 45 518.9 171 1 16 2 26.5 24 157 1 1 18.7 2 2 139. 1 1 1 2 2 7.4 7.6 7.9 Texas 1 Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Waco Wichita Falls 8,8 5 9 42 157.8 78 9 5 158.5 1,4 22 65 1 1,558 89.4 4 7 19.4 14 49. 4 59.3 47.4 5 89.5 5 8,21 54 99.8 42 159.8 81 98. 5 1 1,44 23 67 16.7 1,58 9 47 79 11 15 49.6 45 61 49.8 58.5 9 57.5 8,167 5 98.6 42 157.7 8.8 97 5 16 1,43.4 23 669.3 1 1,58 9 46.5 78.5 11 151 49. 4 612 49.3 5 9 57. 66.3 2 18.9 7.3 1 18.4 8.5 2 41 1.5 14.5 6.5 7.3 7.9 2 4 6.7 717.7 7. 3.4 2.4 7.9 16 3 18.7 96.5 29.3 49.5 1 13 8 8.5 8.6 7 3 5 8 674 4 29 18.4 7.5 1 17 91. 2 4 1.9 12 7.7 7.9 7.8 6.7 29.8 5.5 7.4 8 8.5 6 6 1 9.4 1 1 1 9.9 9. 7.3 1 1.4 18. 9.5 7.5 7.7 8.6 7.5 7.8 8.7 7.9 7. 7 1 9.8 1 1 6.7 1 7.4 1.6 8.6 17.9 1.9 2.6 7.7 8.8 8 8.9 8.7 7.6 6.5 1 9.3 1 1.8 1 7. 1.3 7.8 1 1. 19.7 7 7.4 8.5 8. 7.6 Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOdgen 75 99. 498.6 757.7 99.4 5 757.8 99 5 55 8.4 3 48. 6 29.3 4 27.6 7.3 8.5 6 Vermont Burlington 289 7 3.9 7 298 7 1 1 2 11. Virginia Char lottesvi lie Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 2,951 6 5.3 7 58 42 117.6 3,7.7 67.6 5.5 7.6 59 43 11 3,38.4 68.6 5.6 7 6 439.9 118 13 29. 15 12 26.5 1 11 2 1 7.9 4 4 7.3 6.7 4 Washington Seattle 2,2 977.5 2,277.8 1,2 2,298 1,3 18 6 178 59 167 57.8 8.5 6.5 7.8 7.3 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 75 117.4 128.7 7 7 75 117. 128. 7 7 748 11 12 7 72 98.4 1 1 7.9 7.7 99.5 1 1 7. 7.8 8 1 1 8 13 1.5 1 11. 1.8 1 11 1 9.8 1.8 1 9.8 1.7 9.4 11 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Wausau 2,445 16 7.5 1 71 5 5 21.3 73 8 57.5 2,45 16 71 1 69.9 5 5 21 73 8 58.6 2,46 16 7 1 7.5 5 5 21 73 8 59 19.7 1 7.4 9.5 4 7. 16 1.3 7 8.8 4 15 9 7.6 3 7.8 7.7 7.7 7 9.6 8.8 8 9.3 7. 8.4 6 6 7.4 Wyoming 239. 228.4 227 29. 19.8 18. 12 8.7 7.9 1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data. 2 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for have been benchmarked to Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the 11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. 12

Annual Averages States and Areas

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry (In thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area 1985 1986 1985 1986 1985 1986 Alabama Birmingham.. Huntsville Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa.. 1,427 369.4 11 15 11 5 1,46 38 117 15 12 56 1,5 39 12 16.7 12 58. 1 7.5.9 1.7 1.5 7 21 1 7.6 7 2 1.6 8.8 7 2 9.5 7.8 23.7 22.7 21.3 9.5 9 8.5 18.6 1 1.6 Arizona... Phoenix. Tucson... 1,278.6 84 23 1,337.8 88 239.6 1,38 91 24 1.6 11..5 1.6 112 79. 21. 113 78.7 2 1 69 19.5 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock. Pine Bluff 797 4 69.6 221 31 81 4 7 22 3 83 47.5 7 229 32.4 1..4 V) 3 1 3 1 3 11. California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc.. Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 1,979 999 15 19 3,825 9 767 18 52 49 1 78 917.4 78 138.6 11 13 11 11,258 1,4 15 19 3,98 98. 786.5 19 56 52. 1 819.7 919.6 768 14 11 13 119.9 11,657.7 1,8 157 23 4,1 1 811 2 6 548.6 1 86 931 78 14 12 14 12 3 1 1. 1 2.9.5.8.6.4 4 2 1.7 1.5 1.6.3 4.4 1.6 9.4 O 1.8.4.8 1. 1.7.3 49 5.5 9.4 1 12.9 4 9.4 38.4 27.3 47.5 3 3 7 7.3 7. 531. 5 9.9 1 13.7 4 1.7 4 3.8 4 5.9 3 3 6.5 7.9 8. 7.9 58 6 9.3 1 147 7. 47.6 1 5.9 3 5 3 3 8 8.8 Colorado BoulderLongmont. Denver Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New Britain New HavenMeriden. Stamford Waterbury 1,418.7 1 817.5 1,56 189.4 442 6 237.5 12.8 8 1,4 1 8 1,6 19 459 6 24 12 8 1,4 1 79 1,639.3 19 47 6 249.6 126 86.5 3.3 2 2.3 16.7.3 2 14 8 48.6 6 7.3 1 3 1.8 77.6 4 4 7 7.8 18 1 68.5 37.7 76.5 8.7 19.8 1 Delaware Wilmington. 29 25 3 261 319.5 27 17.6 18.8 18.9 17 19.9 16.5 District of Columbia. Washington 629. 1,9 64 1,988. 65 2,75 1 1 11.9 14 12 1 13.4 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach... Fort MyersCape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville LakelandWinter Haven MelbourneTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach. 4,41. 11. 42 9 8 359 13 13 78 41 117 9 97.9 73 28 4,599.4 1 44 99.6 89.8 37 13 138.9 798.8 44 12 97.6 13 761 3 4,85 11 46 17.8 9 39 14.7 14 826 47 12 1 18.5 797. 32 O O 1 ) 1.5 4 O 8.7 334.! 7.4 3 11 2 8.7 9.5 39 3 9.5 1 27 339.5 7.7 36.7 1 27.6 9 4 3 1.3 1 27.6 34.8 3 12 27.6 8.6 8.5 4 3 9 1.6 58.9 28. See footnotes at end of table. 122

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES State and area 1985 Manufacturing 1986 1985 Transportation and public utilities 1986 Wholesale and retail trade 1985 1986 Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 358 5 3.9 2 1 358.6 5 3.8 26 17.9 8.7 367.6 5 31. 2 18.9 9.5 7 29 9.7 7 27.4 9.3 7 27.7 9 3 9 2 41 2 11. 319.6 9 2 4 27 1 33 98 2 4 28 12 Alaska 12 1 1 18.7 17.9 17.7 4 4 4 Arizona Phoenix Tucson 18 131 3 18 13 3 187 13 31. 6 9.4 6 4 9 7 49. 9.5 311 21 5 32 22 5 339.5 23.9 5 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 29.6 9.6 2 3 21 1 2 ' 3 219.5 1 26.5 32 47 1 48.4 15 51. 16.5 18.7 1.5 1 5 18 1.6 1 5 6.7 189 1.9 1 5 California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 2,76 24 1.3 21 887 2.4 1 29.8 69.8 35 9. 12 8.5 28 2 18 2 11 2,69.7 24 1 21. 89 2 1 29 7 38 9.4 12 7 26 2 18 2 1 2,1 24 1.9 2 96.5 2 1 29.4 81. 4.7 1 12 79.4 2 2 18.5 2 1 568.7 33 8 1. 2.9 5.4 7.9 29.4 2 3 8 2 8.7 57 3 8 1.3 2 5 9 3. 2 3 79.7 2 8.5 58 3 7.9 1.9 26.5 5 1.4 3.9 2 3 77.3 2 5 8.5 2,626 249.9 39. 49.4 89 2 19 47.5 13 12 27.5 18 21 149.4 3 29.5 3.6 27 2,68 259 38.6 51 91 2 197 48 141 127. 27.5 19 21 148.6 3 3.7 3 28.6 2,75 27.5 37.7 5 91 26.7 21. 5.3 15 13 28 26 211 151. 3 32 3 29.6 Colorado...: BoulderLongmont Denver 19 29.4 1 18 28 9 18 2 9 88.5 6 87. 6 8 352 2 2 348.5 2 21 35 2 199.5 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New Britain New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 4 6 9 2 47.9 2 28 39 59.8 9 2 47 2 2 38 58 9 2.8 46.5 2 2 68.4 7.4 1 17.6 3 69. 7.7 17 3 17.4 3 7 8.7 17.8 3 18. 3 347.4 4 9 12 5 28.8 1 36 4 98.7 1 5 29 1 369 4 11 1 57.6 3.6 17.4 Delaware Wilmington 7 62 68.7 58.6 69.5 59.4 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 67.3 5 7.6 57.6 District of Columbia Washington 1 8 1 8 16 8 2 88.7 2 9 2 11. 6 379.5 6 4.3 6 414 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach. Fort MyersCape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville LakelandWinter Haven MelbourneTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 51 12 4 37 2 27.4 9 48 1 7.6 9 37.6 517 1 4 5 37.4 2 27.6 9 5 1 8. 9.4 3 529.9 1 4 38.5 2 27.9 9 5 1 8.8 9 3 24 21. 2 68 2 3 1.6 247.4 21. 2 68.6 2 6 37.5 1.9 25 2 27.8 68.8 2 6 3 3 1 1,18 28.9 12 2 18.8 97. 3 3.3 28 18.8 29 27.8 21. 2 7 1,238.8 3.8 13.9 29.5 2 1 37. 3 21 11 3 29. 2 29.9 79.3 1,317.7 3 139.4 3 2.9 1 38.8 3 221 12 3 3.7 2 22 87.6 See footnotes at end of table. 123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area 1985 Finance, insurance, and real estate 1986 1985 Services 1986 1985 Sovernment 1986 Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile.... Montgomery Tuscaloosa 65 8 2 78 7. 69 28.5 7.8 7.3 7.5 29 8 7.5 2 243 8 21 3 2 7.3 259. 87.4 2 3 2 7.5 27 9 27.4 3 2 8 29 57.8 28 27. 31. 18 298. 59 28 27 31 18.7 299.6 6.4 29 27.8 3 18.9 Alaska.... 1 1 11 4 4 4 6 68. 6 Arizona Phoenix Tucson. 81. 63 5 1 88.9 7.4 12 9 7 1 299.9 2 5 32 218. 6 34 23 6 218 11 4 22 11 48.6 23 12.9 49.6 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith.. Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 36.5 1 37.4 1 37.7 1 139.3 1 47.3 14 1 5.3 15 7. 1 5 6 14 1.4 7. 4 7 145 1.3 7 4 7 14 1 7.3 4 7.3 California. AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno. Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland........... OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 72 7 1 2 4 1.3 2 28 6 5 11 32 7.4 7.6 78 76 8 1 27 5.6 1 2 3 8 5 11 3 8 8. 82 8 91. 1 28 54 4 1.4 2 33 3 11 34 7 8.7 8.4 87 2,64 237. 28.9 4 97.7 19.7 17 39.3 12 1 2 197.9 26 18 3 2 27 1 2 2,75 25.4 3.4 4 1, 2 17 4 13.7 1 2 211 26 18 38 26 28.5 2 2,899.5 26 3 47.4 1,4 21 186.7 47.8 14 117 2 227.6 28.8 196.5 39.6 28 29.8 27.8 1,79 17.8 3 4 477 1 15 39 19.8 15 2 14 134 8.7 2 2.8 28.5 3 1,838.8 11 38.7 4 487.4 1 15 39.7 11 16.4 26 149.9 13 8 26.5 2 29.6 3 1,889.4 11 4. 4 49 17.3 158.6 4.3 12. 16 2 15 13 86.5 27. 22 3.4 3 Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver 9 6 98.7 6 98.8 4 6 32 2.8 19 329.4 2.9 19 33 2 19 248.9 2.4 118.7 25 2.8 12 26 2 12 Connecticut...... BridgeportMilford Hartford New Britain New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 13 4 9.7 6 32 1 1 14 6 1.6 7 37 1 1 4 149 6 1 77 4 1 15 1 35 97. 1 6 3 19.5 369.9 4 1 1 6 3 19.5 38 4 16.5 1 67.9 3 2.4 188.8 18. 56 29.8 9 1.5 19 1 57.7 6.5 3. 1. 1 2 19.3 6.4 6.5 3 1.7 1 Delaware Wilmington... 195 18 22 9 2.8 26 5 2 6 5 6 59.3 7 6 4 3 46 3 4 36.7 District of Columbia... Washington 3 17. 3 11 37 12 21 58 219 61 23. 659.6 26 55 26 55 269 558 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Fort MyersCape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville LakelandWinter Haven..... MelbourneTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 319 6 3 3 7.5 6 27.9 5 7.6 44 57. 2 339.7 36.7 7.6 3 8 5 6 29.8 8 6 26 36 6.5 39.6 8 37.5 67.5 3 8.5 6 28.6 1,129.8 2 11 2 19 8 29.9 38.9 27.8 12 28. 25 18.9 191 78.5 1,2 28.6 119 26.5 2. 9.9 31 39.8 21 139.8 28.6 27.3 2.6 2 8 1,3 3.9 12 3. 2 99.7 3 41 224 151. 3.4 3 2 219.6 9 67 1 52 1 3 5 18. 19 99.6 4 2 11 4 9 3 7 17 5 1 3 5 18.4 2. 1 5.7 27.9 1 4 9 3 734 17.9 57.5 1 3 5 19 2.8 17 5 28.5 1 45 1.5 38.9 See footnotes at end of table. 124

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES Total Mining Constructiorl State and area 1985 1986 1985 1986 1985 1986 Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWamer Robins Savannah 2,569.8 49.4 58.7 1,26 14 88.9 11 9 2,67 48.6 1,32 151. 89.8 115 99.3 2,76 48.9 6 1,367.6 15 92 117.9 1 8 1.5 8.5 8.4.5 14 7 8.7 15 7 9. 7 15 7 9.4 7 Hawaii Honolulu 42 34 438.6 35 458.9 366 ) 17 14 18.6 15 21. 16.5 Idaho Boise City 33 8 328 86 33 8 15 1 1 Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul. Chicago DavenportRock IslandMolim Decatur Joliet Kankakee Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield 4,75 127.4 5 77.7 2,93 15 49.8 9 3 17 13.5 121 9 4,79.7 13.3 5 8 2,95 15 5.6 9 3 17 13 12 9 4,89 13 5 8 3,15 15 5 9 3 18 13 124 97.9 27.6 ) 2 O ) 2 ) O 17 1 18.8 1 18 111. 19.6 118.5 1 8.4 5 Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute 2,168.6 48. 47.3 87.5 12 166.7 21 55 4 59.5 47.6 1 5 2,22 48.5 48.9 9 12 176 29.9 577.9 4 48.8 1 52 2,3 48.4 5.7 97.6 12 18 218.8 6 4 6 5.3 111 5 1.9.5 8.9.8.5 8.6 ft' 2,2.8.3 87. 7. 7.3 1 25 1 9 8. 8.6 1.7 27.9 1 99.8 2 7.3 9.3 1 3 1 Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Iowa City Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls 1,7 8.8 19 4 48.5 48.4 6.4 1,7 8 196.5 39.6 49.4 48.4 57.7 1,17 86 2 4 5.8 49.6 6.4 2 3 7.4 1 3 7.4 1 3 7.6 Kansas Lawrence Topeka Wichita 967.9 29.3 8 2 98 3.8 8 217.5 999.6 3 8 226 16.7 1 1 4.9 9.4 4 1 9.7 4 9.7 Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro 1,25.3 16 3 1,274 167.8 421 3 1,31 17 43 3 4.9.6 1 4.9.7.9 38.6.7.5.8 5 9. 19 5 9.4 2.6 58.5 1. 2 Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport 1,591 4 216.5 6 98.8 59. 56 53 14 1,518.5 45 21 5 87.9 57.8 5 519.9 13 1,48 4 211 5 81 57.8 5 59. 13 81 1 8.4 1 2.6 19.3 6 1. 1.4 1 5.8 1.3.9.4 1 1 22 27.8 8.6 9.5 2. 2 7.5 19.6 3 4 2 Maine LewistonAuburn Portland 458.4 3 18.8 477.4 37.9 116.5 51. 39 12 O 2 2 7.4 3.9 9 See footnotes at end of table. 125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing 1985 557 1.6 1 18 3 2.9 19.4 1 2 1 5 1.6 97.7 37.4 7 57 3 1 19.4 5 4 3 4 69.8 19 7.6 47 3 46.7 6.4 18. 2.8 1 11 2 1.5 2 2 2 1 9.8 1 17 9.5 5 25 29.9 87. 6 178. 2.7 9 7.3 4 2 1 1.5 1 1986 56 9 1 191 36 2 18.7 1 2 1 52 1.3 92 3 7.5 55 3 1 19.5 4.6 3 4 6 18.7 8. 48.8 3.7 48.5 5 17.4 19.6 1 1.9 2 1.6 2 2 22 1.9 9.8 1 17 9 57.8 25 28 86 16 18.9 8.9 7.4 4 18.6 1 1 1 569.4 1 187.9 3 2 18.4 17. 22 1.54 1.9 93 36 5 7.9 55.6 3 1 19.4 4 3 42 61 17.3 8.7 5 3.6 5.5 5 17. 18.7 1 1.7 2 1.4 21 2 2 1 4 8.8 1 17 8.9 59.4 26 27.9 8 16 18.4 1.6 7 4 17.8 1 1 1 Transportation and public utilities 1985 16 1 9.9 3 27 19 28.9 18 8. 8.9 6 6.5 19.3 1 6.5 1.9 1 3 5 1 1 6 7 9.8 6 7.6 25 11 1.4 7.6 7.3 4 8.9 19.3 1986 16 19.4 9.7 3 28. 1 28 187.5 8 8.7 11 6.5 1 1 3 5 1 1 3 6 1.5 6 7.7 2 17. 1.4 4 8.4 19.4 17 11 9.3 3 3 17.9 29 19 8 6.7 119 6.5 1 1 3 5 1 1 3 6 6.7 1.7 67.6 7.7 27.7 2 1 1 43 2.4 Wholesale and retail trade 1985 64 12 1 35.7 31. 19.3 2 2 11 9 8 2 1,16 3 1 19. 72 41 1.8 2 8 4 33 27 18.8 5 1.3 1.7 1 3.3 41 49. 142 9. 1 1 27 1 27 2.3 5 9. 9.3 1 1 24 6.5 18.8 49.5 297. 38.5 1 38 1.7 5 1 2 1 1 139 3 18. 8.5 3 1986 667.7 1 1 36 3 19.5 2 2 118. 9 8 22 1,18 36 1 19. 73 4 11 2 8. 4 3 28.5 2 52 1.6 1 17.4 31. 4 5. 148 9.3 1 12 27.8 14 27 2.5 5 9 9.4 1 14 247.8 18.7 5 3 39.8 1 8.6 37.3 1.7 5 1 2 14 1 137 3 116 8.9 3 69 1 1 378.4 3 2.4 2 2 12 9 8 2 1,22 37.9 1 19 758.5 4 1 2 5. 33 28.9 22 546.7 11 1 18 3 4 5 15 9.5 1 1 29.4 1 28 2.9 54 9.6 9.9 1 1 25 7 19.4 5 31 4 17.9 8.5 36 11. 5.8 1 22 1 1 13 3 124 9.6 3 Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah Hawaii Honolulu Idaho Boise City Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul... Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Decatur Joliet Kankakee Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Iowa City Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls Kansas Lawrence Topeka Wichita : Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville..., Owensboro Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport Maine LewistonAubum Portland See footnotes at end of table. 126 Digitized for FRASER

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES State and area 1985 Finance, insurance, and real estate 1986 1985 Services 1986 1985 3overnment 1986 Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta........ Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah. 13 1 8 88.6 68 146 9 7 155 98 6 7.4 469.3 7.5 8 28 26.5 1 19.5 2. 5 7.7 9. 3 29.7 15 2.5 2 536 8 9.5 319.8 32 1 22 2 448.7 1 17.4 178. 3 2. 3 1 46 1 18. 18 3 2 3 1 47 1 18.4 194 3 2.6 3 1 Hawaii Honolulu 31 9 27. 3 28. 3 28.5 11 87.3 118.7 9 12 97.6 9 79. 9 79 9 8.4 Idaho Boise City 23 6 8 18.9 8. 19 7.6 6 17.5 6 18.8 68 19 7 1 7.9 16.5 7 1 Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChamDaianUrbanaRantoul Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline. Decatur.... Joliet Kankakee Lake County. Peoria Rockford.. Springfield 339 6.7 8.8 24 7.5 68 7.7 348 6.7 9 25 7.8 6.7 7.8 357.8 9.4 257 8. 7. 7.9 1,1.8 26.7 1.8 1 74 28.9 9.8 19. 8. 37.9 31. 2 2 1,129.8 28. 1 1 758.6 3.7 1.4 19.4 39.5 3 25 2 1,155 29.8 1 1 78 3 1.5 2 8.6 41 3 26.7 24 697.8 1 1.6 3.9 351 27 1 6.7 29.8 1 1 31 71 1 11 3 35 27.4 1 28.8 1 1 3 719 1 1 3 355 27.7 1 29 16 1 3 Indiana.. Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville. Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute 1 23 1.8 7.8 5 1 11.4 1 8. 4 11 5 12 4 48 8.8 7 1 27.3 3 4 119.6 1.4 9.5 27.6 1.5 42 9 7.6 1 28. 3 4 128 6 1.9 9.9 29. 1.6 45 9.7 7.9 1 28.8 37.8 47.3 13 11 1.3 3.4 1.9 33 1 5 1 1 3. 8 19 1 1.7 1 339.7 1 1 1 29.9 88 19.3 1.4 11. 1 348 17 1 17.4 3.8 9 19.7 1.7 11 1.3 Iowa. Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque... Iowa City Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls 62 8 2 3 63 3 2 3 64 6 2 23 17.3 46.7 1 7.4 1 1 238.5 17.9 48.9 1 7.7 1 1 24 18.9 5 12 7.7 1 14 2 9.8 28.8 2 1 27.3 1. 29. 2 1 211 1 29.4 2 1 Kansas... Lawrence Topeka Wichita........ 52 8.9 15 5 1. 11 2 5 1 11 4 18 18 4 19 18.8 47.9 2.8 2.5 5 188.7 1.4 2.6 2 194 1.7 2.9 2 197.8 1.8 2.6 26.7 Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro 5 8 2 1 59 8.7 27.5 9 28.7 24 3 9 259.6 38.9 97. 7.3 27 41 1 7.6 23. 3 5 23 3 59 238.8 3 6.3 Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux..... Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe... New Orleans Shreveport 85 4 1 43 3 7.9 8 1 4 3 7.8 8 1 34 7.4 32. 1. 41 9 2 11. 11. 13 3.7 317.3 1.7 4 8.8 18.6 1.8 1 13 31 32.3 11 4 8.6 17.7 11 1 13 3 32 1 5 11 13 1.8 1.9 89.5 2 319.3 1 5 11. 13 1.7 1.7 87.5 2 31 1 5 1.6 1 1.3 1.7 8 2 Maine LewistonAuburn Portland 2.9 9.6 2 1.9 2 1 9 9 2 1 9.7 26.7 18.4 9.9 28.4 8 1 86.7 1 88.6 15 See footnotes at end of table. 127

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area 1985 1986 1985 1986 1985 1986 Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C. 1,887.8 1,2 45 66 1,95 1,5 45.9 689 2,17.6 1,8 456.5 71.5.3.3 128.8 6 18.7 5 139.5 6 18 59.7 15 7 19 6 Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster... LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 2,92 1,64 68.4 5 39 157. 1 6 22 18 2,98 1,675 7 5 39.3 159.6 14 6 4 229.5 19 3,4 1,71 72 5 39.7 16 15 6 4 237 198.5 O O.7.9 19.4 57.4 9.9 7.5 7.4 12 6 2 9.4 8.4 8.5 136.7 68.7 8 3 9.8 9.4 Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland. 3,56 15 5 6.3 1,79 17 29 48 97.6 19 5 147.9 3,657.3 158 5 6 1,83 17 3 5 11 198.6 5 149.8 3,71 16 57 6 1,857. 173 31 5.7 1 2 5 15 () 1 () ) () o () V) 9.6 () o o 9.8 17.8 5 1 1 11 5 57.6 1 1 121 59.3 1 1 3 2 6 Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul Rochester St. Cloud 1,86 83 1,211. 55 6 1,89 8 1,23 55 6 1,959.5 88.4 1,281 56.7 68.9 6.5 7 46.7 7 49.3 8 5 Mississippi. Jackson... 838.9 16 848 17 86 17 8.9 6.7 1 1. 36.7 8 3 8.4 3 8.4 Missouri Kansas City.. St. Joseph... St. Louis Springfield... 2,9 7 36 1,68.9 99 2,14 72 3 1,1 1 2,18 73 3 1,12 17.6 ).6 ) O.5 9 3 5 4 98 3 5 99.5 3 5 Montana... 279 27 274 1 1 8.8 Nebraska.. Lincoln... Omaha... 65.5 1 289.6 65 17.7 293 659.4 11.4 299.3.3 ) I 26 1 2 1 2 4 1 Nevada Las Vegas. Reno 44 24 12 468 26 12 499. 28 13 6.7.3.8 7.9.3.9 2 1 27.7 1 29.6 18.4 7. New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester, NHME. 46 8 9 49 87.6 1 51 9 19.4.6.6 3.9 3 37 5 New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon. MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton VinelandMillvilleBridgeton See footnotes at end of table. 3,414 15.5 63 395 232 478.7 29 936.7 179.5 5 3,49.5 15 647.4 48.6 236.5 49 37 94 187.9 5 3,589 16 668.6 42 24.8 515 32 95 194 56 ) ).6 ).7 2 ) ).6 ).7 ).3 ) >.6 ).7 ).3 1 7.7 2 18.5 2 1 3 15 9 29 2.4 2 18.9 3 2 167.6 1 31 2 2 21 3 128

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Manufacturing 1985 217 14.6 5 35 65 31.8 12 1 1 5 39.6 2 1 5 47.5 1, 37.9 1 2.9 49 6 95 1 29. 38.8 18.8 47 37 7. 257.5 11 1.8 22 2 43.3 12.9 9 22 19.4 2 88.4 1 3 2 7.8 12 37.3 2.9 71 167 7 5 11 3 199.4 3 1 1986 21 13 47 3 61 286.5 1 17.4 1 5 37.3 2.6 1 5.8 47.5 1,.4 39.7 1 2 49.7 6 9 1 29.6 38 17.7 4 369 7 25 1.8 1 22 2 42 118 8.9 22 2.6 21 8 1 3 2 8 8 118 3 2.7 69.5 16 7 5 11 3.7 18 3 1 27 13 4 3 597. 28.9 1 17. 1 51. 3 19.4 1 5.9 4 96 39.5 1 2 468.4 57.6 9 1 29.6 3 17.5 4 37 7.5 25 1.6 1 228. 2.4 419.7 111. 8 218.8 2 2.8 88 1 3 2 8.6 11 3 2.5 67 8.4 16.5 7 49 11 3.6 18 31 1 Transportation and public utilities 1985 9.5 57 31 21. 12 7 1. 8.7 8 14 8.9 1.9 7 9 6 67 39.7 1.9 139 5 2 7 2.7 4 2 2 1 7.9 1 2 22 29.4 16.7 29.7 3 1 79.3 2 1986 91 5 27.6 2 12 7 1 9 8 149. 4 84 1.9 3 7. 98. 67.3 39.7 11 14 5 2 7 2.4 4 2 26.5 1 8.6 16.5 231 28.4 17.3 3.9 4. 1 6 2 9 5 27.9 27. 129.3 7 5 1 9.6 8.6 15.3 4 8 11 4 1.4 69.9 4 1 14 56 7 19.5 4 2 27.7 1 9 17. 2 23 28.7 1 31. 4 1 81 6.5 22 Wholesale and retail trade 1985 47 246.7 97. 175 68 36 19.9 1 9 32 2 15 1.4 5 4 79 2 1 1 4 7 1.8 2 37.5 1 3 46 2 297 11,3 1 177.5 4. 5 181. 8.8 25 27.4 7 169. 2 7 9.9 5 27.4 11 17.3 2 81 3 179.9 1 5 11 81. 19.7 29 1.6 1986 497.4 259 9 184 79.7 38.6 2.7 14 9.9 3 2 15 9.6 5 46.7 819.7 26.5 1.7 1 41 4 7 1 2 39.7 1 3 471 2 33 11 19.9 182 4 519.6 18 9. 26 28.4 7 169 2 7 9 5 2 12 19.6 27.3 83 3 184 19 5 12 8 19 3 1.8 516.7 267.3 98. 19 719. 38 2 1 1. 3 2 1 9.7 5 47.5 855 2 1 1 437.7 4 8.4 1 23 4 1 3 488 2 31 1 21 18 4 538 19 9 27 3.3 7 17 2 76.5 1 59.7 29.5 129.8 21 28.8 86 3 19 11 59 12 88 196.7 3 11 Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul Rochester St. Cloud Mississippi Jackson Missouri Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield Montana Nebraska Lincoln Omaha Nevada Las Vegas Reno New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester, NHME New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton VinelandMillvilleBridgeton See footnotes at end of table. 129 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) State and area 1985 Finance, insurance, and real estate 1986 1985 Services 1986 1985 3overnment 1986 Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C. 19.7 66.7 4 3 117.6 7 4 38.4 12 7 4 47 248.5 12 18 5 26 131. 19 53 283 138.5 27 39 23 87 15 39 2 87.5 149.7 389 2 8 148. Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster. LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 188 128.5 2 1 1 2 139.8 3 1 1 217 149.8 3 2 16 1 78 51 1 1 29.5 17.3 1 8.9 5 4 818.4 53 1 1 7 3.7 19 1 9.7 5 4 847.3 549.7 1 1 7.7 3 2 1 1 56.7 48.9 38 19 1 18.7 1 9.4 36 2 389. 19 1 19.6 1 9.4 3 23 397.5 2 1 2.3 1 9.8 37.9 2 MichlQan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland. 16 9 1 4 1.4 171. 1.3 1 1.7 179 1 1 1 759.5 29 11 1 427.8 29.9 59.3 9.4 2 3 1.9 29.3 79 3. 1 1 44 3 6 9.4 2 3 1 3.5 817.5 3 1 14 46 3.8 6 9.3 2 3 1 3 58.7 47 11 8.5 228.9 2 29.4 8.4 1 6 8.4 19.4 598.6 48 11 23 2 3.4 9.3 1 6 8.7 2 614 49.4 1 8.4 239.8 25 31 9.8 16.7 66 8.9 21 Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul. Rochester St. Cloud 11.3 3 8 11 3 88.9 119.8 3 9 43 19.5 29 2 1 449.7 19.9 36 2 1 47 2.5 32 2 1 31 18 16 1 37.9 2 166 1 31 2 17 1 Jackson. 3 1 37.3 1 38.5 1 13.6 3 13 3 138.4 38.4 188.5 37 189.5 37.9 19 38.7 Missouri Kansas City.. St. Joseph... St. Louis Springfield... 12 5 6 129.7 56.5 7.8 13 58. 7 46 15 7. 256.7 2 48 16 7 272 2 5 168.4 7. 28 2 334 1 13 1 338.5 17.6 138.8 1 342 19.8 138.9 13 Montana... 1 13 1 62 64 69.9 7 69.4 Nebraska. Lincoln... Omaha... 4 7.6 27. 4 7.7 28.4 47.8 8 28.8 142 2 7 146.7 2 78 149.5 2 8 13 29.9 4 13 3.3 4 13 3.3 4 Nevada Las Vegas. Reno 2 1 2 1 2 1 19 11 4 2 12 51 22 13 54 6.5 29.3 16.7 6 3.8 1 64 3 16 New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester, NHME. 2 5 2 3 6.5 99.3 1 16.5 18. 1 18 11 17.4 19.9 6. 24 6 2 6 2 New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon, MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton VinelandMillvilleBridgeton 19 3 2 9.3 29. 1 7. 8.7 21.8 6.7 3 2 11. 3 1 7 8.9 22 7 37.7 2 1 3 17.8 7 9.4 79 64 13 89.6 37.9 9 77 229.4 49. 9.3 832 67 14 9 39.6 96 8.8 238.6 5 1. 87 7.8 151. 98.5 4 1 87.6 24 5 1.3 531 2 6 68.8 4.7 69. 58.5 13 51 11 53 2 6 7.4 4.3 7 59.5 13 53 1 54 2 67. 7.4 4.4 7.3 6.4 13 5 1 See footnotes at end of table. 13

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES Total Mining Construction State and area 1985 1986 1985 1986 1985 1986 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe 52.7 22.3 3 5.7 528 227.7 4 5 529.5 23 4.3 5 21. 1 1 37.5 17.7 35 17. 3 1 New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Glens Falls NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 7,75.8 38 11 41 3 4 1,68. 3,99 3,488 7 9 11 451 9 287.8 117. 39 7,9 39 118 42 3 4 1,1 4,5 3,539. 78.6 9 11 45 9 29 118.9 4 8,5 4 12.5 43 38 4 1,13. 4,1 3,58 8.4 1 116.5 46 97 298.9 12.9 41.3.5.3 1.7.3.3.3.4.8.8.3.3.4 O.7.7.3 28 1 1 1 5.6 13 1 15 4 1 2 38.9 17 1 5 14 11 1 1 26 329.5 19.3 5 1 6. 15 118.7 18.6 1 2 North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham 2,651 7 52 438.5 35 2,744 7 54 45.3 36 2,85 77 57 46 38.3.3.3.4.3.4.4.3.4 149 29.5 2 2 15 3 2 2 159 4 34 2 2 North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks 25 3 67. 28. 249.9 36 6 28.7 25 36.7 7.6 29.7 4 1 1.8 1.8 Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren 4,37 257.6 15 628 868.7 6 48.9 26 18 4,47 26.7 15 65.8 879 63.7 419.4 27 187 4,578.9 26 15 677 89 657.7 427.9 279.4 188 26.8 1.4 1 1..4.7 2.7 1..4 1.9.4.6 2.9.5 1..4 1 1..4.7 15 8 2 27.5 2 1 8.5 16.7 8.6 26 2 2 1 9.5 6.7 177. 8.9 6 29.6 28 27 1 1.6 7.3 Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa 1,16 2 3 42 3 1,12 2 3 49.7 297.3 1,1 2 3 41 288.7 6.3 1 2. 5 1 1 4 1. 1 1 45.9 1 1 38..8 13 1 3.6 1 1 1 Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem 1,3. 9 518.9 88.7 1,58.5 99 53 91. 1,9 1 555 9.6.5.5 33 17.8 3 18.8 3 19.4 3 Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Philadelphia City Pittsburgh 4,73.3 26 48.8 5 19.6 27 7 16 2,4 75 844 4,79.9 26 49.5 5 19 28 76 17 2,89.5 76.3 84 4,91 271. 5.9 5.7 11 29 77.8 178.9 2,14 77 85 3.5.3.4.3 1 3.5.3.4.4 1 3.9.6.3.4 1 187 9.7 3 1.3 8 17.5 38.7 2 1.9 11 9 9 17.8 4.7 222 13 1 1.5 1 17.7 4 See footnotes at end of table. 131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area 1985 Manufacturing 1986 1985 Transportation and public utilities 1986 Wholesale and retail trade 1985 1986 New Mexico... Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe 37 3 19 1 5 37.4 19.7 38.4 2. 4 1 7 3. 12 1 2 29.4 1 1 28.7 1 1 12 5 7.4 9.4 12 58 7.6 1 128. 59.6 8 1.5 New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo.... Elmira Glens Falls NassauSuffolk New York P.... New York City Niagara Falls Orange County.. Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 1,293 5 4 7 7 1. 179 5 49 47.7 2 151 3 147.7 1 57.7 2 69.4 1,25 5.4 38. 76.5 1. 18 47 391 2 1 32 138.6 1 5 2 67 1,22 49 37.8 7 7.8 1.4 177. 461 378.8 24 1 3 13 1 5 24 6 416 1 2 4 257.4 23 1 1 2.6 4 1 2 4 24 217.3 1 4 16.7 2.4 4 1 2 48 24 21 1 17.9 21. 1,631 81 2 1 9.6 9.5 287.7 758.9 638 17.7 2 2. 9 2 6 2 9 1,67 8 2 16 1 1.4 298 76 638.5 17.8 2 21. 9 2 69. 2 97.3 1,699. 8 26.5 18.8 1.5 11 3 762; 1 637. 18.6 27. 2 99.8 23 7.5 26.7 97.7 North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham 828.6 21 148.6 15 6. 83 2 148 15 58.9 85 19 15 15 57.9 13.5 4 2 17 13 4 25 17.5 14 48.4 27 17 579.5 1 12 9 7 61 17.6 13 99.6 7 64 18.4 138.5 1 8 North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead.... Grand Forks 1 1 9 1 1 9 1 1 9 16.5 16 4 1 67.6 9.6 2. 8. 67. 9.7 2 8. 67.4 9.8 2.9 Ohio Akron Canton........... Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren 1,12 68 1 46 2 147 211 2 16 1 65 7 5 1,19.8 67 2 43 7 147.7 24 9 1 1 63 4 5 1,9 66.5 4 14 2.8 13 1 62 48.8 2 1 3 41 2 1 1 7.6 2 1 3 4 2 1 1 7.5 2 1 3 41 27.9 1 1 7.6 1,3 6 36.7 159.3 29 15.8 9 6 4 1,6 6 38 16 21 157.4 9 6 4 1,96.5 6 39.3 17. 21 167,2 9 69. 48 Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa 172 2 33 5 53 1 16 4 1 6 35 48.7 5 1 154 4 34 47. 47 6 1 4 2 2 64 1 4 2.6 2 6 19.7 2 286.5 9. 18.5 7 27 6.7 8.8 1 7 268.9 8.5 1.8 7 Oregon... EugeneSpringfield Portland.. Salem 199 3 18.6 92 9 134 198 4 18. 9 135 2 19.6 9 1 57.3 3 57 4 3 5 3 258.6 2 138. 2 267.3 2 14 2.6 27 26.5 14 2 Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona... Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown......... Lancaster Philadelphia P Philadelphia City... Pittsburgh 1,89.5 87.5 11 1 1 3 5 122 57.9 39 1 138.8 1,48.9 79.6 11 11. 3 5.4 1 58.5 38 99.8 128.9 1,42 77 1 9.8 3 5 1 6. 37 9 12 24.6 1 18 9 4 4 239.5 1 5 4 17.8 7. 9 4 4 24 1 18 5 7. 98.4 4 4 1,67.4 5 1 11. 2 6 1 39.9 47 14 21 1,9 58. 1 11. 2 6 16 4 48 147.4 21 1,12 59.8 1 11 2 66.5 1 4 497.7 148.6 21 See footnotes at end of table. 132

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry Continued (In thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 1985 2 1 72 19.6 2 1 6 53 57.6 19.7 18.6 2 19.4 29 2.6 18.8 1 1 219.3 9.6 6 3 49.5 49.4 1 1 7.5 6 27. 17.5 6 4 263 1 15 14 6 5. 1986 2 1 758. 2 2 1 71 559.4 529.3 2.8 19. 2 117.9 3 2 2 1 1 23 1 38 5 5 17 11. 8. 6 1 2 17.7 69.5 4 27 1.5 5 1 6.5 15 69.5 5 27 1 79 2 2 7 582 548.9 2 19 6.7 27.4 12 3 2 2 1 1 243 1.5 6.5 4.3 5 57 17.8 1 8 59 1. 2 17.4 7 47 29 1 17 6.7 16 7 5 1985 11 57.6 1 2,4 9 21 1 9 26 1,173 1,38.5 1 19.6 2 1 2 6 2 17.6 428.7 1 9 7 8. 57.9 9.9 17.3 949.5 5 3 147 21 13 9 6 41 22 5 8 7 21 2.5 119.8 1 1,166 57.8 9.6 1.4 2 5 18. 3 561 23 24 Services 1986 118.9 6 1 2,121. 9 2 1 8.8 1. 27 1,21 1,7 1 2.6 2 1 2 68.4 2 11 45 1 96.7 7 8 59 1 18. 1,1. 5 3 15 22 14 1 6 4 22 86.7 69.5 23 22 129. 17.8 1,21 61. 1 1.9 2 59. 18.5 34 58 24 25 12 6 1 2,21. 1.4 2 11 9.4 1.6 28 1,25.7 1,17 16 2 2 111 2 7 26 11 48 17.5 1 8.9 9 6.7 1.5 18.7 1,51 57.6 3 168.8 23 15 1 7.9 4 23 88.9 7. 24 2 136.7 19. 1,27 6 1.7 11 2 6 19.5 3 69 25.8 26 1985 13 4 1 2.5 1,35 1 2.3 7 8.6 17 63 55 1 21 2 6 21 48 28.6 5 42.5 1 56.7 48.8 8 6 8 1 8.6 66 4 17.6 81 11 11 72 39.6 2 24 11 96.5 3 197.7 21 7 28. 68 28.6 7 7.4 1 6 1 1 29 14 17 Government 1986 13 4 17.9 2 1,38 18 2.7 7 8.8 177.4 65 57 1 2 2 6 21 49 28.8 5 43.9 1 59.6 5.6 8 6 8 1 8.8 678.9 4 18 8 11 11 7 2 24 1 97.8 36.5 2 2 7 28 679.8 29.3 7 7.8 1 6 1 1 29 138.9 1 138 4 1 2 1,399.8 19.7 2.8 7 9. 178.7 656 57 1 2 2 6 2.9 5.6 29. 56.7 441 1 6 51 8 6 8.4 1 8.9 688 4 18.5 87.3 117.5 119.4 7 4 2 248.4 1 9 3 2 2 77.4 29.4 68 29.5 7.3 7.7 1 6 1 1 299 14 1 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Glens Falls NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Philadelphia City Pittsburgh See footnotes at end of table. 133 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area 1985 1986 1985 1986 1985 1986 PennsylvaniaContinued Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre... Sharon State College Williamsport York 14 276 4. 49.3 4 1 14 28 39.9 5.8 47 16 147 288.7 4.4 5 5 169.9.3.4.8.4.7.4 1.8 1. 7.9 11 1 8 1 1 9.7 Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro. Providence 429 12 3 44 13. 39.7 45 13 317.9 1 11 17.4 1 19 1 South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg. 1,29 174 28. 28 1,338. 179.3 21 29 1,39 18 22 37. O O 8 1 1 2 87.8 1 1 21 8 1 1 21 South Dakota. Rapid City Sioux Falls... 249.4 33 6 25 3 6 25 3 6.3.3 ).3 9.5 9.6 1. Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol. Knoxville Memphis Nashville 1,867.8 17 151 23 388.7 434 1,929.8 179.7 15 24 4 456 2,8.5 187.7 159.4 248.8 421 47.6 7.7.9.7 7.9.7 6.7.8.3.7 8 7.5 11 18 2 9. 7.5 1 18.5 28 9 8 6.5 1 19.6 27.9 Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission. Midland Odessa San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls 6,663 5 81. 357.5 136 59.4 6 48.6 13 1,32 178.5 5 7 1,479. 6 3 68 5 91. 8 49.9 5 37.5 48 37.6 4 6 29.9 78 5 6,56 5.6 78.4 36 13.3 57.3 6 48.4 129. 1,337.5 18 51 7.9 1, 6 3 6 9.6 8 4 45 3 49 37.8 4 6 28 77.6 5.4 6,497.8 48.6 77.5 35 128.6 5 6 47. 12 1,33.3 18 51 71. 1,38 69.3 3 6 9.9 88 4 42 3 51 37.6 4 61 27 77.3 49.9 259 1 7.7 2.3.7 88.4 5 1 9.9.3 3 2 1..8 2.6 7.3 1 9.9 6.5.6 2 18 2.8.6 18.7.6 6.4.8 9.6.4 44 27.3 9.4 1 87 9.3 3 17. 4 37.8 4 2 7.8 8 1. 3.4 9 4 3 2 34 2 17. 7.6 6 9.7 2 84 1 2 29.9 Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden.. 62 7 43 634 7 44 639.4 7 445 9.7 7.8 8. ) 3 2 3 2 26.7 18.8 Vermont BarreMontpelier. Burlington 22 68.5 23 3 7.9 24 3 7 ).5.5 ) 1 1 1 2 See footnotes at end of table. 134

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES State and area 1985 Manufacturing 1986 1985 Transportation and public utilities 1986 Wholesale and retail trade 1985 1986 PennsylvaniaContinued Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre..... Sharon State College Williamsport..... York 5.6 7 1 7.7 1 58.7 48. 7 9.6 7.4 15 57.9 48. 7 9.6 7.3 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 7.3 29.8 6.3 9.9 9. 1. 37.8 3 6 1.3 9.5 1.5 39.3 3 6 1.5 1 1 Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence 1192 5 7 118.9 5 7 116.5 5 7 1 1.7 1 11 1 1 9 28.9 6 99.3 3.6 67.3 1 32 69.9 South Carolina Charleston... Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg 36 19.8 28. 97.9 36 19.5 28. 98. 37 19.5 28.9 1 5 9 9.5 1 5 9 9.9 1.6 58.7 9.7 1 11 277.4 4 4 6 29.9 4 47.9 6 31.4 4 49.5 7.6 South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls 27.5 7.9 28 8.5 28.7 1 1 1 6 9.7 1 6 9.7 1 6 9.9 17.4 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol. Knoxville Memphis Nashville... 49 43 7 5 5.9 52 2 89.4 49.5 4 5 51. 5 9.5 49 4 5 5.3 5 89.7 9 8.8 3 2 97.6 8.7 6 9. 3 2 1 8.6 9.8 38.7 23 43 4 3 57.5 18 1 452 41 3 6.7 111 11 47 4 3 6 11 11 Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria... BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland Odessa... San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison... Texarkana... Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls 998 6 9.9 4 27 6 17 9.8 1 23 36.7 11 1.3 17 8.7 1 82 1 5 51 4 12 7.5 1 3 1 1 85 951 9.8 4.8 25 5 1 9.5 1 22 3 11 9 15 8.6 1 75 1 4 48 6 11 5 7.3 1 3 1 8 928 9.8 39.6 2 1 9.9 1 22 3 11 8.6 14 8. 1 72 12 46 5 11. 7.3 1.8 1 38.8 1.6 1.3 7.6 8 9.9 26 1.5 19 374 6 11 1. 7 8 9.9 27.4 9 2 18.7 38 1.8 9.9 3 7. 89 1 29.6 97.6 2 3 18 1,699. 1 2 8.6 3 11 1 1.8 3 35 44 13 1 38.6 1 1.4 17.5 2 2 1 1 9.5 12 8 1.8 1 19 1 1,678 1 23 81. 3 1 17.9 1.7 3 357. 4 137.4 1 361 1 1.3 17.3 27 2 1.6 1 9.4 128 11. 16.5 8. 18.8 1 1,64 1 2 79 3 11 17.4 9.8 3 34 4 137.3 14 35 16 1.3 1 2 2 1 1 9.5 13.3 8.4 1.6 1 7.9 19 1 Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden 9 11 5 6 9 1.9 6 92 1.6 6 37. 28.9 37.6 29. 37.9 28.9 147.9 1 18.6 15 1 11 15 1 11 Vermont BarreMontpelier Burlington 49 8 1 49 5 16.7 49 3 1 94 9.7.8 1..9 5. 1 5 16 5 7 17 See footnotes at end of table. 135

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area 1985 Finance, insurance, and real estate 1986 1985 Services 1986 1985 Government 1986 PennsylvaniaContinued Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Sharon State College Williamsport York.. 7. 11 4 7 1 7.5 1 27 6 1 8 8.9 27 28.5 66.5 1.4 9. 9 29. 29.4 69.7 11. 9.4 9.7 29.8 16 19.8 17.6 1 41 5 2. 6.5 17.8 16.5 5 2.7 6.7 17.9 Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence 2 197 2 2.9 2 2 1 22 7 19.3 2 79. 113 2 8 57.7 9.8 4 58. 9.7 4 58 1 4 South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg 57 8 1 166 11 6 83 17.4 1 6 8.4 18 1 29.9 33 37.5 4 223 3 39.6 47.8 24 39.5 43 5 24 47.9 57.5 3 25 48 5 39.4 25 49.5 6 39.6 South Dakota Rapid^City..... Sioux Falls 14 1 6 1 6 59.3 8 1 6.5 8.5 17.3 6 8.9 17.9 57.9 7 58.8 6.5 7.3 58.8 6.7 7.3 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville... Memphis Nashville 89.4 1.5 8.8 2 29. 9 11 9. 2 3 1 1 9.5 2 3 36 3 2 48.8 8 99 38 3 27. 5 9 17. 47 3 28.4 5 97.9 11 3 3.5 2 47 6 6 31 31 2 48.4 69 6 32 3 2 5.8 7 6 Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin..... BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KiHeenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland Odessa...... San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco... Wichita Falls 44 44 2 2 128 3 9 27.8 1 1 6 32 3 1 4 39 47 449.6 2 2 7. 133 9.3 28.5 1 3 1 6 38.5 1 6 44 25 2 13 9.6 28. 11 1 6 39.7 1,346.7 1 1 8.5 27.9 8. 1 7.4 27.5 278.9 3 12 1 34 1 1 19.6 1 9 8 7.5 11 7 8.5 1 18 1 1,38 1 1 8 27.5 7.8 1 8. 27.4 29.6 3 18 1 3 1 11 2.3 1 8.9 7.3 7.6 11 7.4 8.9 1 19 11. 1,43. 1 1 8 27.9 7.7 1 28 31 3 11 1 35 1 1 2 1 8.5 7.7 119.9 8 9.3 1 19.6 1 1,88.9 8 1 91 19.7 1.3 1 19. 27 13 3 6.4 2.7 18.5 19. 7.8 8 21. 21 7 1 1 1 1. 1,118.8 8 1 94 19.7 1.6 1 19.8 27 14 38.6 6 2.5 18 19.8 8 8 21. 2 6 7.4 6.5 18.9 5 12 8.8 1 9.5 1,14 1 9 19.9 1.8 1 19.9 27.5 148 38.7 6 2.6 18 21. 8 2 24 7.4 6.5 114 1 8.9 1 9.5 Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden 31 1 2 2 32 9 27 3 27.8 13 2 9.7 138. 2 9 147.4 2 1.7 137.8 13 9.6 141 1 9 141 1 9 Vermont BarreMontpelier Burlington 1 11. 1 5 1 57.3 6.7 1 6.3 7.4 18. 37.4 1.7 38 7.9 1.8 39 8 11 See footnotes at end of table. 136

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES Total Mining Construction State and area 1985 1986 1985 1986 1985 1986 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 2,45 28.8 6.7 38.9 69.7 51.8 61 4 11 2,557.7 3 6 38.9 7.4 53 658.8 41 117.4 2,678 31 65 4 7 55 77.3 436.5 12 17.3.6.3 16.5.5.4 1.5.5 15 1 3 4 2 6.5 169.5.9 3 37.7 48. 2 18.9 39.5 5 28.7 7.5 Washington Seattle 1,71.4 849. 1,769.9 89 1,839.3 93.5.5.6.6 8.6 4 8 4 87.3 46.7 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 597 17 1.5 58 57.5 597.5 17.6 1.5 58.4 57. 597.8 16 1 59 57.9 4 1 1 4.5 1.8 3.6 2 2 2 4 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Sheboygan Wausau 1,983 13 5.8 88.4 5 38.8 48. 187.3 66 6 44 4 2,2 139.9 5 9 5 3 49.4 19 678 68. 45 4 2,79.7 14 5 94 5 4.7 51 198 69 69.6 46.7 4 9 (1) ( ) (1) (1) (1) V) (1) 6 19.6 68. 1 6.7 2 67.4 6 1 7 2 Wyoming 2 19 179.6 25 19.4 ' 17.4 18 1 1 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan Virgin Islands 69 4 5 43 429.8 3 728. 4 53 4 44 37.7 757. 49.4 5 49.5 467.3 39.7.4.7.4 o.8.4 (1) 2 2.8 28.6 9 2 34 ( ) 2 See footnotes at end of table. 137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES 1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) State and area 1985 ManufacturingJ 1986 1985 Transportation and public utilities 1986 Wholesale and retail trade 1985 1986 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 42 9.3 9.3 1 2 68 3 6 2.9 42 9.7 8.6 16.5 2 68.8 3 6 2.6 429 1.3 8.7 1 2 67.6 3 6 19.8 13 1 2.9 2 4 2 9 137 1 2 1. 2 4 2 9 14 1 1. 2 49.5 2 8.9 547. 7.5 1 8 1 12 14 9 29.4 579. 7.8 1 8 1 13. 15 1 3 61.4 7.8 1 8.4 1 13 159.9 1 3 Washington Seattle 29 16 3 17 31 18 9 5 9 57.9 98.4 58.8 42.6 211 436.5 219.8 453 227.8 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 89.5 1 2. 1 7.9 8 1 19.4 1 7. 8 11 19 1 38 8.7 8 3 3 8.4 7.6 2 3 3 8.4 7.8 2 13 27.7 2 1 1 136.7 28 2 14 1 139.3 28. 2 1 1 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Sheboygan Wausau 51 48 9.4 2 1 1 1.4 2.9 17 2 18.7 1 51 49 1 2 17 1.7 1.5 2 168.5 2 19 1 52 5 1 2 17.4 1 1.9 2 169 2 19.4 1 9 2 6.5 3 9 2 6.5 3 94 7. 3 465 29 1 2 1 8 1 4.5 151. 1 8 1.6 477 29.9 1 2 1 8.4 1 4 153 1 8.6 1.9 49 31 1 25 1 8.9 1 4 16.5 16.5 9. 11 Wyoming 8. 7.9 8. 1 1 1 4 4 4 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan 147.5 1 19.7 8.5 6 148.8 1 2 9 6 15.6 1 19.7 9.5 6 1 O 1 1 O ) 1 1 1 12.8 8 7 8 128.7 8.5 7 7.5 88 13 9 7.7 7.8 9 Virgin Islands 2 8. 8.6 9 See footnotes at end of table. 138

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (In thousands) ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL AVERAGES State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 1985 1986 Services 1985 1986 Government 1985 1986 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News, Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 12 1. 1 2 36.5 3 7. 13 1. 3 1 2 4.5 3 7.6 14 1 1 2 46 3 8 54 1 13 114 184 7 2 579.3 1.9 1 12. 2. 84 26.5 62 1 14 129.7 22 9 27.5 51 2 9.3 12 13 86.5 1 519.9 5 2 9.5 12 136 87 1 528.4 22 9.4 126.5 141 89.4 1 Washington. Seattle 99.6 6 1 66.5 17. 67.8 375 189.8 391. 2.6 41 21 34 12 348.9 127.4 35 129 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland... ParkersburgMarietta. Wheeling 2 2 2 4 24 11 2 18.4 12 1 12 2 19.7 1 1 12 2 2 1 1 127.5 2 19 9.4 9 128.9 2 19. 9.5 9.4 128 21. 19.5 9.7 9.4 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah. Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Sheboygan Wausau Wyoming. Puerto Rico. Caguas Mayaguez... Ponce San Juan... 1 1. 1 4 2 8 31 25 18 1 1 46.7 2 8. 3 27 11 7 17.6 48.7 7.5 3 ) V) 28.5 419. 24 1.5 18.5 1 8 1 39.5 16 13 7. 7.6 3 95 7.5 7. 43 26 11 19. 1.9 8 1 4.4 17 1 7 7.7 3 1 ) 8.8 7 45 27.3 1 2.6 1 1 4 18 14 7.7 8. 3 19.6 9.4 78.4 32.6 1 1 1.3 7 58 79.4 8. 5 25 1 1 15 15 32 1 1.4 1.5 7 57.8 81 8 6 53 267.7 1 17.6 1 157.4 327.3 1 9.9 1.7 6.5 7 56.7 81 8 6 51 27 1 18.5 1 16 Virgin Islands. 9 1 13 1 1 Not available. 2 Combined with construction. NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March benchmarks except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks. 139

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas State and area Average weekly hours 1985 1986 Average hourly earnings 1985 1986 Average weekly earnings 1985 1986 Alabama Birmingham Mobile 4.8 4.4 4 41 41 41 4 41 4 $8.48 8.79 1.1 $8.64 8.74 15 $8.76 8.99 18 $348 3552 427.43 $355 3 4188 $366 369.49 427 Alaska 4.7 41 4 129 12 19 4963 477.58 53 Arizona 4.6 9.48 9.88 9.94 387.73 48 46 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 4 39.6 39.8 4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.7 4 4.7 4 43 7.57 5 8. 86 9.49 7.76 1 83 5 1 7.88 7 8.47 8.55 1.69 31 264 318.4 336 398 31 279.86 327.64 339.85 438.6 328 291 343 357 46.74 California 4 4.3 12 1.37 42 417.91 Colorado Denver 4 4.4 39.9 4 4 39.5 9.52 18 9.82 1.78 11 1.55 38 4117 392 436 41 416.73 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New Britain New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 4 41 42 4 41 4 4 4 4 4 41 4.4 4 42 4 42 4 4.7 4 9.57 1.5 9.96 9.78 9 9.57 8.7 1.7 1.34 1.31 1.48 9.63 1.74 8.51 1.46 1.86 1.68 1.75 1.8 12 8.99 4..98 416 419.32 41.76 371 45 349 42.93 424 439 4391 399 43 363 44.37 455 449.63 468 416 469 387 Delaware Wilmington 41 41 4 38 4.7 4 9.86 12 1.5 15 1.69 18 45 472 417 4411 438 522 District of Columbia: Washington 38 38.5 39 1.48 1.4 1.74 4.34 4.4 419.93 Florida Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Jacksonville LakelandWinter Haven MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 4 4 4 41 38.8 4 4.5 4 4.8 4 4 39.5 39 4 4 4 41 4.8 4 41 38.9 4.7 4 4 4 7.86 7.71 86 7.77 6.73 5 9.54 7.51 7.9 8.2 7.83 8.59 7.67 7.2 6 9.89 7.52 8.62 86 8.8 8.7 7.6 8.58 1.6 7.6 93 322 318.42 337.82 319.35 2612 349 387 376 337.33 3272 3246 359 37 2758 347.78 421 3 358 333 339.67 366 33.87 273 3491 449.44 36 379.81 Georgia Atlanta Savannah 4.6 4.8 4 4.7 4 4 4 4 8 9.5 15 5 12 1.55 8.51 1.5 1.91 328.86 387.6 449.65 342 418 468.42 357 418.8 497.5 Hawaii Honolulu Idaho Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Decatur Joliet Kankakee Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield 37.4 37.8 37.8 4.6 39.6 39.5 39.7 4 4 4.8 4.5 38.7 4.3 4 4 4 38.9 38.9 38 4.4 4.7 4 4 4.5 4.8 4 39.9 4 4 4 39.4 39 38 4 42 4.6 4.5 4 4.4 4 4 39.5 4. 4 4 4 8.65 8.75 9.41 1.37 9.97 1.66 92 17 16 1 15 9.89 11 15 1.7 18 8.86 9. 9.66 1.67 9.97 1.81 99 1.46 18 12 18 12 1.5 18 112 15 9.3 9.49 9.7 1.85 1.49 1.79 9.32 1.6 16 12 12 9.92 1.97 13 118 12 321 33.75 35 421.2 391 421.7 363 421.4 493 546.72 463 384 416 518 445 48 345 35 369.1 43 49 439.97 369.44 4373 54 55 479.41 49 429.45 5461 472 4884 362 371 37.54 456 443 438.7 377.46 44 51 583 484 394 438.8 577 467.32 498 See footnotes at end of table. 14

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly hours 1985 1986 Average hourly earnings 1985 1986 Average weekly earnings 1985 1986 Indiana 4 4 $1.71 $1.81 $11.6 $438.4 $448.62 $461 Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City 4 4.5 4. 4. 39 4.6 4.3 4 39.7 4.4 4 4 4 4 39.4 1.32 115 12 16 84 1.35 16 12 113 8.5 1.61 15 17 13 8.46 416 453 468.8 47.4 321 421 457.81 457.94 443 34 4389 477 494 518.55 335 Kansas Topeka Wichita 39.5 4.8 38.8 4.3 4.6 38.9 4.8 4 39.9 9.45 1.57 16 9.76 11.5 11 9.97 14 1.81 378 4316 398.9 393 448.63 3977 46.78 478.55 432 Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville 38.9 39. 4.5 39 37.4 4.5 39.7 4 9.53 11 1.66 9.86 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.41 15 37.72 399 433 386.51 382 441 42 418 478.61 Louisiana Baton Rouge New Orleans Shreveport 4 4 4. 4 4 4.5 4 43 4 4.4 1.43 18 1.52 1.57 1.6 16 1.67 112 1.9 128 1.64 17 433 5443 432 42 448 529 4324 458.9 452 526 427.73 477 Maine LewistonAuburn Portland 4. 38.7 3 4.6 38.6 38.9 4 4 4.6 8.4 6.78 8.9 8.65 79 97 8.77 7.4 93 33 269 34.87 3519 277.53 356.71 366 297.48 37.68 Maryland Baltimore 4.3 41 4.5 4 4.8 4 9.73 14 9.91 1.39 1.8 1.9 3922 42.86 46 4319 4116 456.71 Massachusetts Boston Springfield Worcester 4.7 4.4 4 4 4.5 4 4.4 4.6 4 4.7 9. 9.64 8.89 9.3 94 12 8.98 9.42 9.77 1.66 91 9.86 36 389.46 37 373 381 49.86 38.75 38.57 4.57 43 389.58 4 Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland... 43 4 4 4 4 4 43 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.7 4 43 4 4.4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 14 15 135 1 12 1.61 9.99 15 17 113 18 1 13 15 14 17 1.7 19 11 15 11 13 17 12 1 17 16 11.6 9.95 12 16 15 18 548 596.74 549.67 5886 667 431 416.58 51.73 62.76 459 6181 548 68.52 561 599.6 636.71 439 428 512 63 46 611 547.33 628 594 66 637.87 441 412 52.3 579.35 486 61 Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul St. Cloud 4.3 38 4.8 4.8 4.6 37.4 39.4 38 4.8 39. 1.5 1.7 1.79 9.54 1 1.77 1.99 9.4 1.37 1.83 115 9.43 42 48.74 443 3893 4142 4 449.49 37.36 4243 412 452 367.77 Mississippi Jackson 4.6 41 4 4 4.3 4 72 87 7.46 7.59 8.55 2933 339 299.89 336 38 341 Missouri Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield 4 41 4. 4 4. 4.5 4.6 39.9 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.6 4 39.8 9.57 113 8.85 111 8.82 9.83 115 9.32 12 8.84 9.99 116 9.94 13 8.58 381 458.56 35 442 35 3982 459 377 466 366 49 45.86 46 42 348 Montana 39 39.4 38.6 1.95 1.94 1.61 4285 431.4 49.55 Nebraska Lincoln Omaha 4.3 39 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5 9.2 9.61 9.64 96 9.72 9.82 9.34 9.9 1. 361 375 389.46 374 392 396.73 3787 43 4 Nevada Las Vegas 4.4 39.9 4 39.4 4.3 4 95 11.7 9.36 12 9.76 126 369.66 449 377 441 393 488.83 See footnotes at end of table. 141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly hours 1985 1986 Average hourly earnings 1985 1986 Average weekly earnings 1985 1986 N w Hampshire Nashua New Jersey New Mexico Albuquerque New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Glens Falls NassauSuffolk New York P New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 4.7 4.8 39.8 39.8 39.8 4 4 42 4 4 4.4 37.4 37. 4 38 4 4 4 4 39.5 41 4 41 39.5 39.7 39.9 4.6 4.3 4 41 4.4 37.4 37. 4 38.9 4 4 4 39 4 41 39.7 4. 39.9 39.9 4.4 4 41 4 37.4 37 41 38.6 4 4 39.5 4 4 39.6 $9 9.89 9.86 8.41 7 9.67 9.66 8.56 12 9.8 9.55 9.46 8.83 8.67 17 74 8.67 14 9.32 1.9 8.65 1.2 $8.77 1.52 12 8.75 8.84 9.92 13 8.97 13 9.43 9.61 1.4 97 9.1 17 7.9 9.3 18 9.59 11 9.31 18 $9.3 116 1.42 8.74 9.5 1.9 1.56 92 18 9.54 1.69 9.51 9.36 18 7.97 9.4 17 1.31 112 9.56 1.4 $347 4 49 332 3333 387 387.37 346 59.41 362 381 3828 334 32.79 537 274 366.74 493 388.64 441 3575 399 $362 433 414 343 35.95 391 414 369 51.7 387.57 395 42 346 337 524 37.31 387 497 393 459 387 45 $38 4666 429.3 348 36 49 424 379 499.57 395 429.74 357 3476 53.66 37.64 392 5.35 475 469 399.61 414 North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham 39.6 41 39.7 39 41 4.7 4 4 4 4 41 4 42 4.7 4 79 7.35 7.41 7.99 88 7.54 7.61 7.74 2 8.58 7.83 7.9 8.7 8.65 8.92 288.68 39 2948 311 3414 38 315 3211 336 357 32 33 339.75 356 375 North Dakota FargoMoorhead 38.6 38. 38 37.5 38.6 37.6 8.5 3 89 8.47 8.43 8.52 31.73 316.54 316 317.63 32 32.35 Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren 4 4 39.8 4 4 4 4 43 42 4 4.3 42 42 41 4 4 4 4 43 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 18 11. 1.95 1.67 119 1.83 17 19 14 16 112 111 1.76 14 112 13 13 1 13 1 14 1.95 17 11 19 12 1 477.96 47 431 444 467.74 445 517 525 57.64 488 48 456 45 482 4614 518 527.3 558 499.7 487.3 4755 467.57 495 472 499.38 54.6 567.91 Oklahoma Oklahoma City Tulsa 4 4 39.8 4 4.3 39.8 41 4.5 4 9.86 1.68 1.42 9.8 1.86 1.49 14 118 1.66 472 442 412 44 437.66 417.5 417.77 459 446 Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem 38.7 39.4 38.6 3 39. 39.6 39.3 37 39 39.5 39.4 38. 1.5 1.77 1.45 8.83 1.57 1.8 1.85 9.2 1.55 1.66 1.8 8.95 45 424 47 324 413 427.68 421 334 416 421.7 422 34 See footnotes at end of table. 142

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly hours 1985 1986 Average hourly earnings 1985 1986 Average weekly earnings 1985 1986 Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia P Pittsburgh Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Sharon State College Williamsport York Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence 39.9 39 39 39.8 4 39.5 37.3 39.9 4 4.7 4 38 O 39.6 4 4.3 4 4 38.8 38.8 4 39.8 37.8 4 4.3 41 4.5 38.5 4.4 39 4. 4 4.4 4.4 39.9 39.8 39.4 4 4 39.9 39 4.3 4.7 4 41 38.9 4 39 4 4 4. 4.5 39.8 $9.57 18 1 14 1.9 9.7 4 94 1.2 11.2 9.8 87 8.52 8.91 7.59 7 7.46 $9.74 11 8.56 18 11 95 9.45 1.43 11.7 9.91 8.55 18 8.62 97 7.9 7.41 7.91 $9.98 1.46 8.63 11.6 17 9.36 8.4 9.7 1.85 11 18 8.75 119 82 8.51 9.44 89 7.71 81 $384 48 325 4599 428 3587 311.8 368.68 4 448.51 396 319 337.39 362 351 296 299.89 $395 3965 3323 478.88 427.8 3685 314 379.89 42.33 458 46 3298 459.75 317 34 38.56 3196 299.36 311 $488 411 34.2 46 43.31 376 328.44 39.91 44 4698 419.42 34.38 472 322 351 424 327.6 316 326.76 South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg 4.4 4 4.4 4.8 41 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 7.61 9.31 7.56 7.41 7.92 97 7.72 7.76 8 91 7.92 8. 37.44 41 32 33 321 382 31.34 32.49 337.77 382 321 33 South Dakota Sioux Falls 4 4 42 4 4 4 7.43 7.33 7.75 7.91 7.94 7.93 31.57 338 328 368 339 347 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville 4 4 4.6 4 4.5 41 4 4 39.4 4 39.6 4 4 4 4.7 4 4 89 7.42 8.82 8.89 8.64 9.3 8.58 7.62 9.7 8.95 8.78 9.56 8.78 7.9 91 9.8 8.84 13 339.72 37.93 375 33 3615 375 35 32.4 396 353 377.54 378.58 365 336 4 369.56 3794 435 Texas Dallas Ft. WorthArlington Houston San Antonio 41 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 41 4 4 9.41 93 9.39 11.8 76 9.65 9.45 9.69 115 7.36 9.85 9.76 9.89 115 7.62 387.69 379.81 387.81 471 2872 399.51 396 44 475 36 49.76 44 48 49.5 32 Utah Salt Lake CityOgden 4 4.3 4. 4.4 39.5 4.3 9.64 93 9.98 9.75 9.95 9.92 386.56 377 399 39 393 399.78 Vermont Burlington 4.7 4 4.7 4 4.6 8.41 91 8.83 9.65 92 9.98 349 393 359.38 412 377 498 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 4 38.9 39.5 4. 39.5 4. 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 41 4 41 4 4 39.4 4 4 8.51 77 73 7.93 86 8.8 1.62 7.64 8.83 7.49 7.42 84 8.43 9.33 116 84 95 7.8 7.43 87 8.62 9.85 17 8.86 3415 28 284 317 322 35 431 314 356.73 35 315 334 349 38 458 337 377 322 362 35 36.32 388.9 4878 367.69 See footnotes at end of table. 143

ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS ANNUAL AVERAGES 2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly hours 1985 1986 Average hourly earnings 1985 1986 Average weekly earnings 1985 1986 Washington 39. 39.4 4. $13 $15 $1 $457 $451 $468. West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland.. ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 39.9 42 38.8 4 4.5 4.3 4 39.3 4 4.5 4.6 4 39.7 4 41 14 15 19 13 1 1.38 18 12 12 12 1.56 11 16 19 17 48.58 537 443 4863 469.8 411 539.32 4 518 47.61 428.74 56 478.78 56 4936 Wisconsin AppletonOshkosh... Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Sheboygan Wausau Wyoming Puerto Rico Virgin Islands 41 4 4 4 38.9 38.8 39.4 39.6 4 1 Not available. NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1986 38.5 4 4 4 4.5 42 39.8 4. 39.3 41 4.3 4.7 4 39. 39. 4 4 4 4 38.4 4.6 39.9 4.7 4 4 4 38.9 38.8 4 16 1.8 1.32 11.5 123 128 9.4 9.51 15 1.58 9.58 9.6 9.64 59 9.44 1.35 1.32 1.42 112 18 116 96 9.76 15 1.86 9.51 9.79 9.68 1 9.6 1.55 1.83 1.76 1 128 12 94 9.86 12 11.6 9.59 9.94 9.78 4 9.39 429 433 4275 469 497.33 47 35.75 389.91 475 415 379.37 44 398 199.82 395 427.46 439.63 421 476 47 44 362 3998 479.98 437.66 387.6 492 377.52 27.9 44 436.77 464 44.8 47.8 467.71 59 369 4 488 455 399.9 424 38.44 211.7 396 benchmarks except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks. 144

3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas (Numbers in thousands) STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force 1986 1986 1986 Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 1,881. 44 126.7 21 13 68.6 1,89 447. 13.4 21 137.3 69.6 18 36.7 9 2 1 147. 3. 19.8 8.8 9.8 7 1.7 7.5 7.8 7.8 6.7 9.3 6 Alaska 257. 249. 28. 27. 1.8 1.8 Arizona Phoenix Tucson 1,57 97 3 1,61 1,1 3 19. 5 17.3 11. 52 1 5 Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 1,7 5 87.6 25 37.6 1,9. 57.6 91 257.4 3 9 17.4 3 88. 1 8.7 7.3 8 4 6 7 9 California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 13,33 1,24 23 29.9 4,1. 14 1,8 321. 848 64 15. 1,1.8 86 797 17 18 18 177.8 13,747. 1,29 227 29 4,22 15.8 1,3.3 33 9 67 15 1,58.8 868.8 8 177.4 187 189.4 18 89. 49.5 2 36 27 2 59 2 54 39.9 1 5.4 39.3 4 9. 1.3 2 1 79 42 2 3 248. 18 5 18.6 51 37.5 1 47.8 33 36.5 9. 18.7 1.8 6.7 1 1 6.7 1 1.4 5,8 5 1 6.5 1.5 1.7 12 8.7 9.9 Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver 1,69 129 897.3 1,697. 13.4 89.7 12 7.7 59.6 13. 7.5 6 7.4 7.7 7 Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New Britain New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury 1,739. 229.6 417.4 7 27.9 11 1 1,75 23 42 7 27 11 1 6 1.8 1 1. 58. 9 1 8.6 Delaware Wilmington 32 28 331. 287.5 1 1 1. 1 District of Columbia Washington 32 2,39.7 33 2,118.8 2 69.8 21. 66.7 7.7 3 Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach Fort MyersCape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville LakelandWinter Haven MelboumeTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach 5,58 138.7 58 12 1.3 419.8 16 17.5 887 517.3 14 19 116.5 91 367.9 5,87. 14 61 13 1 44 171 17 91 554 149. 116.7 12 957 39 32. 7. 2 2 17.8 1.3 59.4 24 9.6 4 2 31 2 2 1 9.6 5 2 9.5 4 21 1.7 6.7 5 9 See footnotes at end of table. 145

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force 1986 1986 1986 Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah 2,99 5 7.9 1,4 17 99.5 12 18.6 3,5 5 7 1,44.7 178.8 1 128. 11.4 177. 6 1 7.4 7.5 7. 167. 3 6 1.5 1.9 5 7.4 6.5 9.3 Hawaii Honolulu 49 368.7 51 384 2 1 2. 1 Idaho Boise City 47 1 471. 1 38. 8.7 8. Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul... Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline Decatur Joliet Kankakee Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield 5,7. 171 6 8 3,119 18 59.9 19 4 25 15 146.7 1 5,75 17 6 87. 3,16 18 58.6 19 4 264 15 148 19 46 1 228.6 17.7 1 1 1 1 6 42 1.5 3 29.4 14 1 1 1 14 8 7 7.3 9.6 1.7 7.9 1 9. 8.7 7.4 6 7.8 9.7 8 9.4 8 9.5 Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond Indianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka Terre Haute 2,759. 6 57.6 89.9 14 19.6 259.6 649.5 5. 65 59.8 126.5 6.4 2,751. 59.7 58. 9 14 19 25 65 4 6 59.6 127.3 58.9 18 9.8 1. 3.5 3 7.4 17 4 1 1.3 2 3 4 7 6.7 1 5 8.9 7 7. 7 9.5 8. 6.5 Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Iowa City Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls 1,438. 89.3 21 4 58 57.6 69.3 1,448. 9 22 4 59.6 6 68.4 11. 1 8.6 8. 9.8 1 4 7. 7.8 8. 1 5 6 8 Kansas Lawrence Topeka Wichita 1,237. 37.8 87 237.8 1,267. 39.7 9 25.5 67. 1 6 1 5 Kentucky LexingtonFayette Louisville Owensboro 1,69 1 49 4 1,68 18.6 49 4 157. 9.5 3 148. 9.3 3 9.3 7 1.5 8.8 1.6 Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport 1,99 26 77.9 1 7 7. 61 17 1,95 6 26 7 1.8 7 7.3 6 168. 26 29 1 15 11. 7 66.5 2.3 23 6 2 1 1 9.8 7. 6.5 18.5 13 1.5 11. 17.3 1 1 1 1.8 1 1 9.9 9.9 1 1 1 1. 1. 11. Maine LewistonAuburn Portland 561. 4.5 11 587. 4 12 3. 2 7. See footnotes at end of table. 146

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force 1986 1986 1986 Maryland Baltimore 2,35 1,147 2,4 1,163 1 59 1 5 Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River FitchburgLeominster LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 3,58. 1,529.3 9 7 4 182 147.9 8 4. 24 29.5 3,8 1,53 96.7 7 4 183 149 8 4.5 251. 21 118. 49.7 4 8.8 1.3 7.7 99. 4 7.9 5 8 6.5 4 5 Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland 4,391. 149.3 6 7 2,118.6 199. 33 6 11 23 67.7 1 4,52 15 6 77 2,186 21 347.4 6 11 237.7 68 18 38 7. 17 2 2 1 7.4 18 369. Ml.7 2 2 6 1 1 8.8 9. 9. 8 1.8 7.4 9. 7. 1.9 1. 8 7.8 7.4 8 1 7.8 6.7 1. 8.7 Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt.Paul Rochester St. Cloud 2,23. 17.7 1,317 5 89 2,259. 1 1,34 57.5 9 119. 9.8 5 12 9.8 58.9 9 9 6 Mississippi Jackson 1,15 195 1,151. 198.7 13 1 117. 1 1 8. 1 7 Missouri Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield 2,54 81 4 1,25 118.6 2,589. 837.5 4 1,27 12.8 15 37.6 87.6 16 4 3 89.6 6 7.7 7. 7.5 7. Montana 47. 4 3 3. 8 7.4 Nebraska Lincoln, Omaha 81 12. 319.6 811. 121 32 17 4. 1 Nevada Las Vegas Reno 53 3 13 55 32 137.9 3 19 7. 3 21. 7.8 6.5 raew nampsnire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester... 561. 91 12 588. 97 131. 1 1 New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton VinelandMillvilleBridgeton 3,98. 17.7 79 268 538.6 45 96 168.5 57 3,96 17 721 267.9 554 47.9 96 17 57.7 197. 1 3 2 2.4 18.4 5 7 16. 1. 2 17.6 1 1 4.8 7 8. 4 9 7.6 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe 678. 25 5 6 68 261. 5 6 6 1 61. 1 4 9 7.3 8.9 7.4 See footnotes at end of table. 147

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force 1986 1986 1986 New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Glens Falls NassauSuffolk New York New York City Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Syracuse UticaRome 8,397. 41 12 439.6 39.6 5 1,4 3,879 3,2 126 12 49 31 13 8,48 417.9 12 44 5 1,42 3,9 3,22 13.7 12 49 319.6 13 52 2 7.7 3 26.8 23 27.8 2 9.5 41 1 2 47.3 2 18 2 19.6 7.3 6 7.4 6.7 7.4 5 7.4 7 6 North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham 3,177. 8 59.5 49 37 3,27 8 628 51 39 169. 27.5 23 1 14 2 18.9 1 North Dakota Bismarck FargoMoorhead Grand Forks 33 45 8 3 331. 4 8 3 21. 3 17. 3 5 Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren 5,231. 32.4 19.5 727.8 93 67 46.5 37 22 5,248. 319.9 189.6 74 92 69 46 38.9 22 42 2 19.4 47 7 4 3.3 2 2 367. 2 1 4 57.8 37.5 26 2 2 8 8. 1 6.5 7.5 6 8.4 1.6 7. 7 7.3 9.7 Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa 1,6 3 48.9 522 36 1,56 3.4 49.8 58.8 34 13 35 3.5 11 2 3.4 28.7 8 7.9 6.7 8.4 7.4 Oregon EugeneSpringfield Portland Salem 1,36. 13 617. 12 1,387. 137.6 63 12 11 1 44 1.7 8 7.9 3 8. 8.5 8.6 7 8.6 Pennsylvania AllentownBethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre Sharon State College Williamsport York 5,63 318.6 58.4 6 128 3 9 2 2,36 957 169.6 347.6 49 58 56 27 5,648. 318 58.8 6 127.3 31 9 211. 2,38 947. 17. 347.4 48.7 59.6 58. 28.5 38 2 7.8 1.6 1 9.4 8.7 12 7 1.9 29 4 1 32. 1 6 9 1 7.8 8 1 6 24 9.5 7 8.5 1 1. 7.7 8.4 8 7.3 7 9.8 7 4 6.7 6.7 Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro Providence 59. 16 33.8 519. 167.7 338. 21. 8 1 2. 7.4 1 South Carolina Charleston Columbia, GreenvilleSpartanburg 1,59 21 22.8 31 1,63 22.4 227.7 322 99. 1. 8. 16 91. 1.3 8.8 1 5 South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls 349. 38.4 69 35 39.5 7 17. 1 See footnotes at end of table. 148

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force 1986 1986 1986 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis LMA Nashville 2,29. 2 21 277.5 42 5 2,33 26 21 28 44 521 18 1 1 2 29 2 15 1 1 1 2 2 8. 7. 7.4 7.8 6.5 Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland Odessa San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls 8,12 5 98.7 42.3 16 8 9 57 16 1,4 22 65.9 17. 1,61 88.4 4 8 19.5 14 5 58.7 4 579 47.9 57. 7 37.7 89.9 56.5 8,26 5 1.4 429.5 16 81. 9 5 16 1,45 23 678. 19.7 1,69.6 93 4 79.4 11 14 5.3 5 4 69.6 49.3 58. 77.4 37 9 57.5 72 2 2 8.8 1 2 79.8 2 4 12 16 7 9.9 7.4 28. 8.7 4 6.7 7. 697. 28. 2 7.9 1 19 91. 2 4 1 14 7.3 7. 8.5 2 48 7.4 8.9 9. 6.7 1 11. 1 1 1 6.5 1 1 7.7 1 1 19.8 1.6 1 7. 7 7.5 9 8.8 1.3 7.8 8.4 8.5 6.5 1 9.7 1 1 1.7 1.5 9. 7.9 1 1.6 18. 9 1 7.9 7.8 8.7 9. 8. 7.8 Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOdgen 75 97.4 498.6 757. 98.8 499.6 4 6 26.7 48. 28.7 Vermont Burlington 29 7 29 7 1 11. Virginia Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News RichmondPetersburg Roanoke 2,89 6 5.5 69.7 57 41.7 117.6 2,989. 6 5.7 7 59 429.8 119 14 29.9 17.3 12 28 1 9.6 6.7 5 4 Washington Seattle 2,199. 96 2,25 997.8 18. 6 171. 6.4 8 6.5 7.6 6 West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling 74 116.5 12 7 7 749. 11 127.4 7 7 88. 1.9 1 7.8 81. 1.7 1 1 9.4 11 1.9 1 1.8 9 1.4 8.9 9 Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Sheboygan Wausau 2,4 158.5 67.4 1.8 69.7 5 51 2 71 8 5 56.5 2,491. 16 7.4 1 7 5 5 21 738.8 86.5 5 58.6 169. 1.8 6 9 4 7 15 9.7 4 8 39.3 7. 8.9 1 6 8.5 7.5 6 6 7.7 7.4 6.7 Wyoming 25 24. 2 21. 9. 8.6 NOTE: Annual averages for States are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. Estimates for all substate areas except New York City and Los AngelesLong Beach are based on administrative statistics adjusted to the statewide totals. See the Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. Data for 198687 have been adjusted to new benchmark levels. 149

Area definitions State and area Type of area Definition Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa Arizona Phoenix Tucson Arkansas FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff California AnaheimSanta Ana Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto Oakland OxnardVentura RiversideSan Bernardino Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc Santa RosaPetaluma Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa Colorado BoulderLongmont Denver Connecticut BridgeportMilford Hartford New Britain New HavenMeriden Stamford Waterbury P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Blount, Jefferson, St. Clair, Shelby, and Walker Counties Madison County Baldwin and Mobile Counties Autauga, Elmore, and Montgomery Counties Tuscaloosa County Maricopa County Pima County Washington County Crawford and Sebastian Counties, Ark.; Sequoyah County, Okla. Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline Counties Jefferson County Orange County Kern County Fresno County Los Angeles County Stanislaus County Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Ventura County Riverside and San Bernardino Counties El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties Monterey County San Diego County Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties Santa Clara County Santa Barbara County Sonoma County San Joaquin County Napa and Solano Counties Boulder County Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Douglas, and Jefferson Counties Bridgeport and Shelton cities, and Easton, Fairfield, Monroe, Stratford, and Trumbull towns in Fairfield County; Ansonia, Derby, and Milford cities and Beacon Falls, Oxford, and Seymour towns in New Haven County Hartford city, and Avon, Bloomfield, Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Barkhamsted and New Hartford towns in Litchfield County; East Haddam town in Middlesex County; Colchester town in New London County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in Tolland County New Britain city, and Berlin, Plainville, and Southington towns in Hartford County Clinton and Killingworth towns in Middlesex County; Meriden, New Haven, and West Haven cities, and Bethany, Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Guilford, Hamden, Madison, North Branford, North Haven, Orange, Wallingford, and Woodbridge towns in New Haven County Stamford city, and Darien, Greenwich, and New Canaan towns in Fairfield County Bethlehem, Thomaston, Watertown, and Woodbury towns in Litchfield County; Waterbury city, Naugatuck borough, and Middlebury, Prospect, Southbury, and Wolcott towns in New Haven County Delaware Wilmington. District of Columbia Washington P New Castle County, Del.; Cecil County, Md.; Salem County, N.J. District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince Georges Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Stafford Counties, Va. 15

Area definitions Continued State and area Type of area Definition Florida Daytona Beach Fort LauderdaleHollywoodPompano Beach.. Fort Myers Gainesville Jacksonville LakelandWinter Haven MelbourneTitusvillePalm Bay MiamiHialeah Orlando Pensacola Sarasota Tallahassee TampaSt. PetersburgClearwater West Palm BeachBoca RatonDelray Beach. Georgia Albany. Athens. Atlanta. Augusta Columbus MaconWarner Robins Savannah P P Volusia County Broward County Lee County Alachua and Bradford Counties lay, Duval, Nassau, and St. Johns Counties Polk County Brevard County Dade County Orange, Osceola, and Seminole Counties Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties Sarasota County Gadsden and Leon Counties Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties Palm Beach County Dougherty and Lee Counties Clarke, Jackson, Madison, and Oconee Counties Barrow, Butts, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, De Kalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton Counties Columbia, McDuffie, and Richmond Counties, Ga.; Aiken County, S.C. Chattahoochee and Muscogee Counties, Ga.; Russell County, Ala. Bibb, Houston, Jones, and Peach Counties Chatham and Effingham Counties Hawaii Honolulu. Idaho Boise City Honolulu County Ada County Illinois AuroraElgin BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul Chicago DavenportRock IslandMoline, Decatur Joliet Kankakee Lake County Peoria Rockford Springfield Indiana Anderson Bloomington ElkhartGoshen. Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammond. Indianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South BendMishawaka, Terre Haute Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Iowa City Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls Kansas Lawrence. Topeka Wichita P P P P P Kane and Kendall Counties McLean County Champaign County Cook, Du Page, and McHenry Counties Henry and Rock Island Counties, III.; Scott County, Iowa Macon County Grundy and Will Counties Kankakee County Lake County Peoria, Tazewell, and Woodford Counties Boone and Winnebago Counties Menard and Sangamon Counties Madison County Monroe County Elkhart County Posey, Vanderburgh, and Warrick Counties, Ind.; Henderson County, Ky. Allen, DeKalb, and Whitley Counties Lake and Porter Counties Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan, and Shelby Counties Howard and Tipton Counties Tippecanoe County Delaware County St. Joseph County Clay and Vigo Counties Linn County Dallas, Polk, and Warren Counties Dubuque County Johnson County Woodbury County, Iowa; Dakota County, Nebr. Black Hawk and Bremer Counties Douglas County Shawnee County Butler, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties Kentucky LexingtonFayette Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Scott, and Woodford Counties 151

Area definitions Continued State and area Type of area Definition Kentucky Continued Louisville Owensboro Bullitt, Jefferson, Oldham, and Shelby Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, and Harrison Counties, Ind. Daviess County Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge HoumaThibodaux Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport Rapides Parish Ascension, East Baton Rouge, Livingston, and West Baton Rouge Parishes Lafourche and Terrebonne Parishes Lafayette and St. Martin Parishes Calcasieu Parish Ouachita Parish Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, and St. Tammany arishes Bossier and Caddo Parishes Maine LewistonAuburn Portland Maryland Baltimore Baltimore City Suburban MarylandD.C. Auburn and Lewiston cities, and Greene, Lisbon, Mechanic Falls, Poland, and Sabattus towns in Androscoggin County 'ortland, South Portland, and Westbrook cities, and Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland, Falmouth, Freeport, Gorham, Gray, North Yarmouth, Raymond, Scarborough, Standish, Windham, and Yarmouth towns in Cumberland County; Buxton, Hollis, and Old Orchard Beach towns in York County Baltimore city, and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and Queen Anne's Counties Baltimore City Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince Georges Counties Massachusetts Boston Brockton Fall River Fitchburg Leominster LawrenceHaverhill.. Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield P P P P P Mansfield, Norton, and Raynham towns in Bristol County; Lynn city and Lynnfield, Nahant, and Saugus towns in Essex County; Cambridge, Everett, Maiden, Marlborough, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn cities, and Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont, Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, Groton, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Lexington, Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading, Sherborn, Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown, Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County; Quincy city, and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and Wrentham towns in Norfolk County; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover, Hanson, Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Lakeville, Marshfield, Middleborough, Norwell, Pembroke, Plymouth, Plympton, Rockland, and Scituate towns in Plymouth County; Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities and Winthrop town in Suffolk County; Berlin, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon, Milford, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County Easton town in Bristol County; Avon town in Norfolk County; Brockton city, and Abington, Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, Halifax, West Bridgewater, and Whitman towns in Plymouth County Fall River city, and Somerset, Swansea, and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.; Little Compton and Tiverton towns in Newport County, R.I. Ashby town in Middlesex County; Fitchburg and Leominster cities, and Ashburnham, Lunenburg, and Westminster towns in Worcester County Haverhill, Lawrence, and Newburyport cities, and Amesbury, Andover, Boxford, Georgetown, Groveland, Merrimac, Methuen, Newbury, North Andover, Salisbury, and West Newbury towns in Essex County, Mass.; Atkinson, Brentwood, Danville, Derry, East Kingston, Hampstead, Kingston, Newton, Plaistow, Salem, Sandown, Seabrook, and Windham towns in Rockingham County, N.H. Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Pepperell, Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middlesex County and Pelham town in Hillsborough County New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, and Freetown towns in Bristol County; Marion, Mattapoisett, and Rochester towns in Plymouth County Pittsfield city, and Cheshire, Dalton, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, Lee, Lenox, Richmond, and Stockbridge towns in Berkshire County 152

Area definitions Continued State and area Type of area Definition Massachusetts Continued Springfield Worchester. Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and Westfield cities, and Agawam, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Montgomery, Palmer, Russell, Southwick, West Springfield, and Wilbraham towns in Hampden County; Northampton city, and Belchertown, Easthampton, Granby, Huntington, Southampton, and South Hadley towns in Hampshire County Worcester city, and Auburn, Barre, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oxford, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, and West Boylston towns in Worcester County Michigan Ann Arbor Battle Creek Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo LansingEast Lansing Muskegon SaginawBay CityMidland Minnesota Duluth MinneapolisSt. Paul Rochester St. Cloud P P Washtenaw County Calhoun County Berrien County Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties Genesee County Kent and Ottawa Counties Jackson County Kalamazoo County Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties Muskegon County Bay, Midland, and Saginaw Counties St. Louis County, Minn.; Douglas County, Wise. Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; St. Croix County, Wis. Olmsted County Benton, Sherburne, and Stearns Counties Mississippi Jackson Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties Missouri Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield Nebraska Lincoln Omaha Nevada Las Vegas Reno Johnson, Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.; Cass, Clay, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte, and Ray Counties, Mo. Buchanan County linton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, III.; St. Louis city, and Franklin, Jefferson, St. Charles, and St. Louis Counties, Mo. Christian and Greene Counties Lancaster County Douglas, Sarpy, and Washington Counties, Nebr.; Pottawattamie County, Iowa Clark County Washoe County New Hampshire Nashua PortsmouthDoverRochester Nashua city, and Amherst, Brookline, Hollis, Hudson, Litchfield, Merrimack, Milford, Mont Vernon, and Wilton towns in Hillsborough County; Londonderry town in Rockingham County Portsmouth city and Exeter, Greenland, Hampton, New Castle, Newfields, Newington, Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye and Stratham towns in Rockingham County; Dover, Rochester and Somersworth cities, and Barrington, Durham, Farmington, Lee, Madbury, Milton and Rollinsford towns in Strafford County; and Berwick, Eliot, Kittery, North Berwick, Ogunquit, South Berwick, Wells and York towns in York County New Jersey Atlantic City BergenPassaic Camden Jersey City MiddlesexSomersetHunterdon MonmouthOcean Newark Trenton VinelandMillvilleBridgeton New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Sante Fe P P P P P P P Atlantic and Cape May Counties Bergen and Passaic Counties Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties Hudson County Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Somerset Counties Monmouth and Ocean Counties Essex, Morris, Sussex, and Union Counties Mercer County Cumberland County Bernalillo County Dona Ana County Los Alamos and Sante Fe Counties 153

Area definitions Continued State and area Type of area Definition New York AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Glens Falls NassauSuffolk New York New York City Niagara Falls Orange County Poughkeepsie Rochester Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County. North Carolina Asheville CharlotteGastoniaRock Hill Greensboro WinstonSalem High Point. RaleighDurham North Dakota Bismarck FargoMocrhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati. Cleveland Columbus DaytonSpringfield Toledo YoungstownWarren. Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City, Tulsa Oregon EugeneSpringfield. Portland Salem Pennsylvania AllentownElethlehem Altoona Beaver County Erie HarrisburgLebanonCarlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Philadelphia City Pittsburgh Reading ScrantonWilkesBarre. Sharon State College Williamsport York Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez.. Ponce San Juan... P P P P P P P P, P P P P P P Albany, Greene, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady Counties Broorrie and Tioga Counties Erie County ;hemung County Warren and Washington Counties Nassau and Suffolk Counties Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and Westchester Counties Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties Niagara County Orange County Dutchess County Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties Rockland County Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties Herkimer and Oneida Counties Westchester County Buncombe County ~:abarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties, N.C.; York County, S.C. Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, Stokes, and Yadkin Counties Durham, Franklin, Orange, and Wake Counties Burleigh and Morton Counties Cass County, N.D.; Clay County, Minn. Grand Forks County Portage and Summit Counties Carroll and Stark Counties Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; Boone, Campbell, and Kenton Counties, Ky.; Dearborn County, Ind, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Medina Counties Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, Pickaway, and Union Counties lark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties Fulton, Lucas, and Wood Counties Mahoning and Trumbull Counties Garfield County Comanche County Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties ireek, Osage, Rogers, Tulsa, and Wagoner Counties Lane County Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties Marion and Polk Counties Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties, Pa.; Warren County, N.J. Blair County Beaver County Erie County Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Perry Counties Cambria and Somerset Counties Lancaster County Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa.; Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, N.J. Philadelphia County Allegheny, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties Berks County Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, and Wyoming Counties Mercer County Centre County Lycoming County Adams and York Counties Aguas Buenas, Caguas, Cayey, Cidra, Gurabo, and San Lorenzo Municipios Anasco, Cabo Rojo, Hormigueros, Mayaguez, and San German Municipios Juana Diaz and Ponce Municipios Barceloneta, Bayamon, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Corozal, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guaynabo, Humacao, Juncos, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Naranjito, Rio Grande, San Juan, Toa Alta, Toa Bajo, Trujillo Alto, Vega Alta, and Vega Baja Municipios 154

Area definitions Continued State and area Type of area Definition Rhode Island PawtucketWoonsocketAttleboro. Providence. South Carolina Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls P P Central Falls, Pawtucket, and Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Lincoln, North Smithfield, and Smithfield towns in Providence County, R.I.; Attleboro city, and North Attleborough, Rehoboth, and Seekonk towns in Bristol County, Mass.; Plainville town in Norfolk County, Mass.; Blackstone and Millville towns in Worcester County, Mass. Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County; Warwick city, and Coventry, East Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent County; Jamestown town in Newport County; Cranston, East Providence, and Providence cities and Foster, Glocester, Johnston, North Providence, and Scituate towns in Providence County; Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingston, Richmond, and South Kingstown towns in Washington County Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties Lexington and Richland Counties Greenville, Pickens, and Spartanburg Counties Pennington County Minnehaha County Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson CityKingsportBristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie Counties, Tenn.; Catoosa, Dade, and Walker Counties, Ga. Carter, Hawkins, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Counties, Tenn.; Bristol city, Scott, and Washington Counties, Va. Anderson, Blount, Grainger, Jefferson, Knox, Sevier, and Union Counties Shelby and Tipton Counties, Tenn.; Crittenden County, Ark. Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson Counties Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Brazoria BrownsvilleHarlingen BryanCollege Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort WorthArlington GalvestonTexas City Houston KilleenTemple Laredo LongviewMarshall Lubbock McAllenEdinburgMission Midland Odessa San Angelo San Antonio ShermanDenison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls Utah ProvoOrem Salt Lake CityOgden P P P P P Taylor County Potter and Randall Counties Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties Hardin, Jefferson, and Orange Counties Brazoria County Cameron County Brazos County Nueces and San Patricio Counties Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties El Paso County Johnson, Parker, and Tarrant Counties Galveston County Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties Bell and Coryell Counties Webb County Gregg and Harrison Counties Lubbock County Hidalgo County Midland County Ector County Tom Green County Bexar, Comal, and Guadalupe Counties Grayson County Bowie County, Tex.; and Miller County, Ark. Smith County Victoria County McLennan County Wichita County Utah County Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties Vermont BarreMontpelier Burlington... East Granville town in Addison County; Groton and Ryegate towns in Caledonia County; Bolton and Huntington towns in Chittenden County; Bradford, Braintree, Brookfield, Chelsea, Corinth, Fairlee, Newbury, Orange, Randolph, Topsham, Vershire, Washington, West Fairlee and Williamstown towns in Orange County; and Barre city and Barre, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Duxbury, East Montpelier, Fayston, Marshfield, Middlesex, Montpelier, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield, Roxbury, Waitsfield, Warren and Waterbury towns in Washington County Burlington, South Burlington, and Winooski cities and Charlotte, Colchester, Essex, Hinesburg, Jericho, Milton, Richmond, St. George, Shelbume, and Williston towns in Chittenden County; Georgia town in Franklin County; Grand Isle and South Hero towns in Grand Isle County 155

Area definitions Continued State and area Type of area Definition Virginia Bristol Charlottes vi lie Danville Lynchburg NorfolkVirginia BeachNewport News Northern Virginia RichmondPetersburg Roanoke Bristol city, and Scott and Washington Counties Charlottesville city and Albemarle, Fluvanna, and Greene Counties Danville city and Pittsylvania County Lynchburg city, and Amherst and Campbell Counties Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Williamsburg cities, and Gloucester, James City, and York lounties Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Stafford Counties Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond cities, and Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and Prince George Counties Roanoke and Salem cities, and Botetourt and Roanoke Counties Washington Seattle P King and Snohomish Counties West Virginia Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling Wisconsin AppletonOshkoshNeenah Eau Claire Green Bay JanesvilleBeloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine Sheboygan Wausau P P P Kanawha and Putnam Counties Cabell and Wayne Counties, W. Va.; Boyd, Carter, and Greenup Counties, Ky.; Lawrence County, Ohio Wood County, W. Va.; Washington County, Ohio Marshall and Ohio Counties, W. Va.; Belmont County, Ohio Calumet, Outagamie, and Winnebago Counties Chippewa and Eau Claire Counties Brown County Rock County Kenosha County La Crosse County Dane County Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties Racine County Sheboygan County Marathon County 156

Explanatory Notes Introduction The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from employers. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 55,8 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 5 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the month. Data based on establishment records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based on payroll reports from a sample of 29, establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month. RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND ESTABLISHMENT SERIES The household and establishment data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two series are as follows. Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week in familyoperated enterprises, and members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not at work during the survey week that is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement disputes, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969. Hours of work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by 157

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. Earnings The household survey measures median earnings of wage and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113. COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH OTHER SERIES Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and selfemployed and unpaid family workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1, or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 1 or more workers in 2 weeks or paid a total of $2, or more in wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government employees. In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the v/eek are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see ' 'Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series. COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT DATA WITH OTHER SERIES Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in the BLS statistics. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS establishment statistics. 158

Household Data (A tables) COLLECTION AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 296. These monthly surveys of the population are conducted through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor force," and "total employment." are obtained from the Department of Defense. Each month about 55,8 occupied units are eligible for interview. About 2,6 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,8 occupied units, there are 11,5 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for threefourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and onehalf to be common with the same month a year earlier. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the inception of the survey in 194; those used since 1967 are as follows: Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor management disputes, or personal reasons, whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations. Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new job within 3 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a fulltime job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never worked at a fulltime job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers. Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made 159

specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4week period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 3 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work, including going to a public or private employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The labor force also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a. percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc. Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often crossclassified by other demographic characteristics such as race and educational attainment. Employmentpopulation ratios represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total employmentpopulation ratio is total employment, including the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employmentpopulation ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian noninstitutional population. Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as engaged in own home housework, in school, unable to work because of longterm physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are also classified as not in labor force. For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the 16 time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are published on a quarterly basis. As of January 197, the detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, these questions were asked in those households entering the sample for the first time and those returning for the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming" groups. Occupation, industry y and class of worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last fulltime job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are defined as in the 198 census. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The classofworker breakdown specifies wage and salary workers subdivided into private and government workers; selfemployed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage. Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, persons who normally work 4 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey week are designated as working full time. Persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working part time. Parttime workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find fulltime work. Noneconomic reasons include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home or school, no desire for fulltime work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on fulltime schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work full time. Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total employment because they exclude persons in the zerohours

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute. Employed persons are also categorized into full and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this context, fulltime workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually work full time. Similarly, parttime workers are those who (a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually work part time, i.e., persons who could only find parttime work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually work part time. Unemployment rates for full and parttime workers are calculated using the concepts of the full and parttime labor force which are based on the type of job full or parttime that persons whether working or unemployed report that they want. The "fulltime labor force" includes all persons working part time but who desire fulltime work, that is, working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category consists of persons on fulltime schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking fulltime jobs. The "parttime labor force" consists of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking parttime work. Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according to whether they usually work on fulltime or voluntary parttime schedules. Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that; (1) unemployed persons looking for fulltime work lost an average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for parttime work lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they worked. White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with the exception of A5 and its annual counterpart, present data for the black population group. Because of their relatively small sample size, data for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the white and black population groups. Vietnamera veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the Armed Forces. Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses to the question ' 'How much does...usually earn per week at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary workers (excluding the incorporated selfemployed) who usually work full time on their sole or primary job. Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $5 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPIU). Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other marital status are terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because either the husband or the wife was employed and living away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different place of residence for any reason. A household consists of all persons related family members and all unrelated persons who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives in marriedcouple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse. Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all such persons are considered as members of one family even though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parentchild group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The 161

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as marriedcouple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family is either selfemployed or in the Armed Forces. Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted areas, in which 2 percent or more of the noninstitutional residents were poor according to the 198 decennial census. Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which vary by family size and number of children. While poverty areas have a substantial concentration of lowincome residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor. The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas ('s) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 3, 1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 198 decennial census. A detailed discussion of the definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 198 Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas y PCSI18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside 's. The urban population, as defined for the 198 census, comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places, of 2,5 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,5 or more inhabitants incorporated as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New York), and towns (except in the New England States, New York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the rural population. HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY Change in lower age limit The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force, employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16 years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical series have been revised to provide consistent information based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly 162 Report on the Labor Force, February 1967. Noncomparability of labor force levels In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force data: (l)beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from the 195 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 6,; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about 35,, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in 196, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 5, in the population and about 3, in the labor force. Fourfifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the 196 census reduced the population by about 5, and labor force and employment by about 2,; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning in 1972, information from the 197 census was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by about 8,; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 3,; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjustment based on the 197 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected the white and blackandother groups but had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 3, in the white population and an increase of the same magnitude in the blackandother population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 15,, and the blackandother labor force rose by about 21,. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflationdeflation approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 2 to 24yearold men particularly those of the blackandother population but had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation Deflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings. Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and blackandother independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76, 3, men and 46, women. The addition of the refugees increased the blackandother population by less than 1 percent in any agesex group, and all of the changes were in the other population. Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of about 25, in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings. Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, oneeighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 198 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates. Beginning in January 1979, the firststage ratio estimation method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings. Beginning in January 1982, the secondstage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used in the secondstage estimation procedure were derived from information obtained from the 198 census, rather than the 197 census. This change caused substantial increases in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 3, labor force series were adjusted back to 197 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons. Beginning in January 1983, the firststage ratio adjustment methodology was updated to account for results obtained from the 198 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates. Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS estimation procedure the noninterview adjustment, the first and secondstage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to January 198. Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used in the secondstage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 198 and an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by nearly 4,; civilian employment was increased by about 35,. The Hispanicorigin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425, and 35,, respectively, and civilian employment by 27,. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 198 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this publication. Changes in the occupational and industrial classification system Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 197 census that were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 197172 and prior years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings. Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 198 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those developed for the 197 census, which were used in the CPS from January 1971 through December 1982. The 198 census occupational classification system evolved 163

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC). While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with other data sources, the new system is so radically different in concepts and nomenclature from the 197 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 198 major group "sales occupations" is substantially larger than the 197 category "sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from "clerical workers" and some selfemployed proprietors in retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm." The industrial classification system used in the 198 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 197 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation", and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 198 census occupational and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. Changes in the sample design Since the inception of the survey, there have been various changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates. One major change made after every decennial census is to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for the population in these States. After the 196 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 197 census, the ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9, housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 45 sample household units which represented 237, occupied mobile homes and 6, new construction housing units, was included in computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo 164 bile homes and new construction units that previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the 197 census frame. In January 198, another supplemental sample of 9, households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6, units was implemented in May 1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded by 1 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to S's, which were redefined in 1973. Beginning in 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 198 census information rather than 197 census information. The selection of new sample areas provided an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design. Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account for only 1 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas in the United States. This current number of sample areas is not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp. 71 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4, households was implemented in April. Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS sample design in use during the different data collection periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 4, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. ESTIMATING METHODS Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons within the same State have the same probability of selection. These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the ratio estimation procedure is applied. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area () status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date Time period Number of sample areas Households eligible Interviewed Not interviewed Households visited but not eligible Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954. 1954 to 1956. May 1956 to Dec. 1959. Jan. 196 to 1963. 1963 to Dec. 1966. Jan. 1967 to July 1971.. Aug. 1971 to July 1972. Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977. Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979. Jan. 198 to 1981. May 1981 to Dec. 1984. Jan. 1985 to. to present. 68 23 1 33 2333 357 449 449 461 614 629 629 729 729 21, 21, 33,5 33,5 33,5 48, 45, 45, 53,5 62,2 57,8 57, 53,2 51, 51, 1,5 1,5 1,5 2, 2, 2, 2,5 2,8 2,5 2,5 2,6 3,3,5 3,3,5 6, 6, 6, 8,5 8, 8, 1, 12, 11, 11, 11,5 1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in each State and the District of Columbia 2 Three sample areas were added in 196 to represent Alaska and Hawaii after statehood. each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. sample areas are categorized by "central city" and "balance of the ". Residence categories of non areas are "urban" and "rural". The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. Firststage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the 729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The firststage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and nonblack. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the time of the 198 census between the race distribution of the population in sample areas and the known race distribution of the State. b. Secondstage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to the distribution of independent current estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories. The secondstage ratio adjustment, which is performed to further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the population 16 years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight agesex categories by Hispanic and nonhispanic. In the third step, a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white, black, and other races to independent estimates by age and sex. The white and black categories contain 32 agesex groups each; the other races category has 6 agesex cells. The entire secondstage adjustment procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning at the weights developed the previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the population for both State and national agesexraceorigin categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This secondstage adjustment procedure incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employment and Earnings. The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in Current Population Reports, Series P25. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates methodology is available in Report 11 of that series. Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for Hispanics in the secondstage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 198 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths 165

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population by age and sex. During the period from January 1982 to December 1984, the ' "inflationdeflation" method was temporarily discontinued in the preparation of the independent national controls used for the agesexrace groups in the third step of the secondstage ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by carrying forward the 198 census data after taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population <ind Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985, the "inflationdeflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflationdeflation" method, the independent controls are prepared by inflating the 198 census counts to include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this population forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These postcensal population estimates are then deflated to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount is first added Jind then subtracted, the size of each racesex group is unaffected by the "inflationdeflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 198 census remains unknown. Data on births and deaths between April 1, 198, and the estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the resident population made by the National Center for Health Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office of Personnel Mzinagement, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board. The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas. The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 198 census to the total population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate date. All computations described above are performed in cells defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older. Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced into the estimation of the independent population controls. For the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 198 (the census date) was added to the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreignborn residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population estimates since 198. The nature and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings. 3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample results for the current month. Also included is an additional term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost all estimates of monthtomonth change are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but to a lesser extent. Rounding of estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal 1 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant. Reliability of the estimates There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic biases in the data. Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as monthtomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage). Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other results may be found in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program, 166

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 7, No. 349, March 1975. Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for whites. Ratio estimation to independent agesexrace Hispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same agesexracehispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 198 census. Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 4, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last document includes a comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS. Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the average of all possible samples with a known probability. For example, if all possible samples were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. 2. Approximately 9 percent of the intervals from standard errors below the estimate to standard errors above the estimate would include the average of all possible samples. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2 standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required. First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the precise standard error. Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months. Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors for monthly level and monthtomonth change for estimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and monthtomonth change for percentages. Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the size of the specific monthtomonth change itself. Thus, in order to use the generalized standard errors for monthtomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors for monthtomonth change apply only to estimates of change between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be multiplied by, and for the 195666 period they should be multiplied by 12. Table K provides generalized standard 167

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status categories (in thousands) Employment status, sex, age, and race Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force. Employed.. Unemployed Men, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed Women, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed Black, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed Men, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed Women, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force. Employed... Unemployed. Standard error of Monthly level 275 293 136 173 186 93 211 212 83 88 92 59 94 14 68 59 64 44 76 76 45 36 33 3 Monthtomonth change (consecutive months only) 212 224 14 151 163 95 155 16 87 94 12 66 73 79 71 51 57 47 5 54 48 4 38 33 errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use with the CPS earnings data. Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for monthtomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for the characteristics as indicated. Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of persons working a specific number of hours was 12,,, an increase of 4, over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the standard error on an estimate of 12,, is about 174,. The 68percent confidence interval as shown by these data is from 11,826, to 12,174,. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that the standard error of a monthtomonth change is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a monthtomonth change of 4,, when the monthly level is approximately 12,,, is about 129,. Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics Standard error of Standard error of Characteristic Monthly level Consecutivemonth change Characteristic Monthly level Consecutivemonth change Total (all civilian workers).. Men, 2 years ard over... Women, 2 years and over. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years. White workers Black workers Married men, spouse present Married women, s;pouse present. Fulltime workers. Parttime workers Unemployed 15 weeks and over. Occupation Executive, administrative, and managerial.. Professional specialty Technicians and related support. Sales Administrative support, including clerical. Private household. Protective service Service, except private household and protective. 1 5 6.67 1.51 5 9 2.34.6 2 9.47 9 3 18.76.39 2 5 7.81 2.54 7 1 3.42.7 4 1.52.33 6 3.85.43 Occupation Continued Precision production, craft, and repair. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing. Industry Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. Mining Construction Manufacturing... Durable goods.... Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade. Finance and services. Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers..32.49.59.72.68 2 3.65 6.33.42.42 7 3 16.36.55.66.82.76 3 6.75 9.37.47.48.3 2 5 2 168

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 5 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than 75,, the quarterly average base is less than 6,, or the annual average base is less than 35,. Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for monthly level and monthtomonth change for unemployment rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated monthtomonth change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the percentage. Illustration. Assume that in a given month percent of a total of 112,44, employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of percent with a base of 112,44, is obtained from table H (.8 percent). The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the percentage, agricultural employment, is 16. The generalized standard error on the estimated percent is then approximately.8 x 16 = percentage point. Standard errors for yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for estimates of change are more closely related to the level of the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus, to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level, rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate, or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the average or change. Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the yeartoyear change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for a certain month the unemployment rate is percent, based on a total of 119,865, in the civilian labor force, and that Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level (in thousands) (Characteristic 1 Unemployment Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment Estimated monthly level Agricultural employment Total or white Black Total or white Black Total or white, 16 to 19 years Black, 16 to 19 years Tntfll or white men only, or women only Black men only, or women only 5.. 1. 5... 1,. 2,.. 4,. 6,. 8, 1,. 15,. 2,. 3,. 4,. 5,. 6,. 7,. 8, 1,. 12,. 14,. 15 21 47 66 93 131 159 182 22 11 16 36 51 72 11 123 141 156 188 213 12 17 38 53 73 97 11 116 12 17 37 52 74 14 126 145 161 193 219 259 286 36 319 326 327 314 274 195 12 17 37 51 7 92 14 19 18 74 12 17 36 5 68 86 92 88 72 12 16 32 35 11 15 34 49 68 95 115 132 145 172 191 215 225 222 26 172 17 1 14 31 43 58 73 76 69 47 1 When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error of the estimated number of employed persons age 2 to 54 years, use the column for total employed. 169

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of monthtomonth change (in thousands) Characteristic 1 Estimated monthly level Total or white Both sexes 16 to 19 years, or parttime labor force 2 Unemployment Black Black, 16 to 19 years Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment Total or white Black Total or white, 16 to 19 years Black, 16 to 19 years 5.. 1. 5... 1,. 2,. 4,. 6,. 8,.. 1,. 15,. 2,. 3,. 4,. 5,. 6,. 7,. 8,.. 1,. 12,. 14,. 13 18 4 56 78 18 129 144 157 177 184 14 2 45 63 89 124 15 13 19 41 57 76 95 99 89 58 14 2 38 41 9 12 27 39 55 11 93 17 119 143 163 192 213 228 238 244 245 237 212 16 9 12 27 38 52 68 78 82 81 59 14 2 43 59 8 1 14 94 65 14 19 37 39 1 See footnote 1, table D. 2 Parttime labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of unemployment. a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7. percent, based on a total of 117,834, in the civilian labor force for the month. First, the standard error on the average of the two estimates, percent with a base of 118,85,, is obtained from table F (1 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is. The approximate standard error on the change of.8 percent is then given by 1 x = 5 percentage point. The approximate standard error of levels involving yeartoyear change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using table K in conjunction with the following formula: Standard error of yeartoyear change = ZstandA 2 2 /stand\ ard J ard ) II error / + V error I 2 \ x/ \ y/ (StandA /stand^ ard 1 I ard error I I error. * / \ y/ X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for each estimate. For consecutive yeartoyear changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are.3 for persons (total, white, and black) and.35 for families (total, white, and black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are.45 and.55. Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of women employed as fulltime wage and salary workers was 27,, and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,,. Using linear interpolation in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,, is 216,; for 29,, it is 221,. Using the above formula, the standard error of the 2,, yeartoyear change is: (216,) 2 + (221,)* 2(.3) (216,) (221,), or about 259,. 17

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates Monthly base of unemployment rate (in thousands) 1 2 5 Monthly unemployment rate (percent) 1 15 2 25 3 35 5 5.. 1. 5... 1,. 2,. 4,. 6,.. 1,. 2,. 6,.. 1,. 12, 14, 8 1.72.51.36 5 1 6 1.7.5.5.4 6 1.1.72.51.36 9 3 6.9.7.7.6 8 2 8 11.79.56.45.35 5 4 1.9 5 4 26 3 1.8.77.62.48.34 5 4 3 83 5 7 2 19.91.74.58.41 4 8 7 5 9.9 3 8 3 4 1.2.83.64.45 6 9 7 9.82 4 31 5 1.9.69.49 8 2 9 1.36 7.33 8 2 4 16.95.73.52.3 3 1 1.75 7.6 1.98.76.54.31 4 2 1 112 7.87 2 9 6 14 1.2.79.56.32 5 3 1 Table G. Standard errors for monthtomonth change in unemployment rates Monthly base of unemployment rate (in thousands) 1 2 5 Monthly unemployment rate (percent) 1 15 2 25 3 35 5 5.. 1. 5... 1,. 2,. 4,. 6,.. 1,. 2,. 6,.. 1,. 12, 14, 3 9.8.57.4 8 3 8 3.7.6.5.5 7 2 13.8.56.4.33 5 8.8.7.7 6 7 15.88.63.51.39 8 6 2 1 7.83 3 7 5 13.87.71.55.38 1 5 4 9.47 9 9 21 9 1.5.86.66.46 4 7 5 1.79 7.63 1 1 1.97.75.51 7 8 11 8.42 6 5 7 2 1.7.82.56 8 17 9 6 7 2 2 15.88.6 11 9.69 3 5 25 1 12.93.62 17 11.8 4 8 4 7 1.3 Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and monthtomonth change in percentages for labor force data Monthly base of percentages (in thousands) 1 or 99 2 or 98 5 or 95 Percentage of monthly level 1 or 9 15 or 85 2 or 8 25 or 75 3 or 7 35 or 65 5 5.. 1. 5... 1,. 2,. 4,. 6,.. 1,. 2,. 4,. 6,. 8,.. 1,. 12,. 14,. 16, 4 5.74.52.37 6 1 7 2.8.7.6.5.5.4.4 9 3 1.4.74.52.37.3 3 6 2.8.7.7.6.6 52 2 2 15.81.57.47.36 6 8 5 3 1.9 7.5 9 3 8 12.79.64.5.35 5 8 6 4 3 2 9 4 5 8 3.94.77.59.42.3 4 1 9 7 6 5 9.4 5 7 2 9 1.5.86.66.47.33 7 4 1 9 8 7 18 7 2 8 1 14.93.72.51.36 9 5 3 1 9 8 1.77 7.62 1 1 1.98.76.54.38.31 7 4 2 9 111 7.93 5 1 7 15 1.2.79.56.4.32 8 5 3 1 15 1 2 3 6 1 1.7.83.59.42.34 9 6 4 2 1 NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic. 171

Table I. Factors; to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and monthtomonth change in percentages Factor Factor Characteristic Monthly level Monthtomonth change Characteristic Monthly level Monthtomonth change Agricultural employment: Total or fulltime labor force. Parttime labor fo r ce Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total Men only. Women only Both sexes, 16 to 19 years. Parttime labor : orce. 16 16 1..93.86 1. 1. 1.5.74.84.75 18 18 Unemployment: Parttime labor force, duration of unemployment, left last job, reentering labor force All other unemployment characteristics: Total or white: Total Both sexes, 16 to 19 years. Black: Total Both sexes, 16 to 19 years. 1.1.97.97 1.4 1.4 11 1.8 11 13 14 Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and percentages for yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and change in yearly averages Factor Characteristic Yeartoyear change of monthly estimate Quarterly averages Change in quarterly averages Yearly averages Change in yearly averages Agricultural employment: Total or men Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years). Part time..89.83.74.8.8.8.72.58.46.7.7.7 Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white Black teenagers (16; to 19 years). Part time..88.82.74.88.88.88.67.57.46.7.7.6 Unemployment: Total... Part time..76.69.88.88.5.39.65.54 172

Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data (In thousands) Characteristic Total Men Women Estimated quarterly level Parttime workers Total or fulltime workers Total or white Black Parttime workers Total or fulltime workers Total White Black Total, fulltime, or parttime workers Total or white Black 1. 5. 75.. 1. 15. 2. 25. 3. 5. 75.. 1,. 1,5. 2,. 2,5. 3,. 5,. 7,5 1,. 15,. 2,. 25,. 3,. 4,. 5,. 75, 1, 5 11 13 15 19 22 24 26 34 42 48 59 68 76 83 17 13 149 18 25 226 224 273 296 331 343 5 12 15 17 21 24 27 3 38 47 54 66 76 85 93 119 145 165 198 224 244 261 286 31 34 255 5 12 15 17 21 24 27 3 38 46 53 63 72 79 85 1 17 12 12 5 11 13 15 19 22 24 26 34 42 48 59 68 75 82 15 127 144 187 192 27 219 233 5 12 15 17 21 24 27 3 38 47 54 66 76 84 92 117 14 157 183 199 29 212 21 16 16 5 12 15 17 21 24 27 3 38 47 54 66 76 84 92 116 138 155 179 193 199 198 174 1 5 12 15 17 21 24 27 29 37 45 5 59 65 69 71 64 64 5 11 13 15 19 22 24 26 34 42 48 59 68 75 82 15 127 145 173 195 211 224 242,249 5 11 13 15 19 21 24 26 33 41 46 56 63 69 74 85 88 173

Establishment Data (Tables B1 through C8) COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location. Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, 19984, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas, 193982 and their supplements. FederalState cooperation Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS (Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids; a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased comparability between estimates. Shuttle schedules Form BLS 79 Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months. Form BLS 79 provides for entry of data on the total number of full and parttime workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. CONCEPTS Industrial classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 79 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 198, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurancetax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the 174 industry indicated by the principal product or activity. All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM), Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and estimates statistics which distinguish between private and public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government sector. Industry employment Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the selfemployed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also are excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have not yet reported during the period. Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185 seasonally adjusted employment series (twodigit nonmanufacturing industries and threedigit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the December issue of Employment and Earnings. Industry hours and earnings Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers include the following employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full and parttime production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for oldage and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded. Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straighttime workday or the workweek during the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours, Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, parttime work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus straighttime pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straighttime workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on average hours. Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and lateshift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively highpaid and lowpaid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions. Average hourly earnings, including lumpsum wage payments. This series is compiled only for aircraft manufactur 175

ing, Sic 3721 The same concepts and estimation methods apply to this series as apply to the average hourly earnings series described above; the one difference between the two series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lumpsum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate the ether average hourly earnings series. For each sample establishment in sic 3721 covered by a lumpsum agreement, the reported payroll data are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lumpsum payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and cover the following 12month period. In order to spread the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the payment is added to the; payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed by dividing the: total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours and onehalf of total overtime hours. No adjustments are made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, lateshift work, and overtime rates other than time and onehalf. Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M3 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of parttime workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate. Longtime trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For example, persistent longterm increases in the proportion of parttime workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series. Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional stratification. The "link relative" technique From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April 1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of the general procedures are described in table L. Size and regional stratification A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. Benchmark adjustments Employment estimates are compared periodically with benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1986 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about 98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained 176

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings Employment, hours, and earnings Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or region/size cell) Aggregate industry level (division and, where stratified, industry) Monthly data All employees. Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees. Average weekly hours. Average weekly overtime hours. Average hourly earnings. Average weekly earnings. Allemployee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. 1 Allemployee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees. 2 Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. 2 Production worker overtime hours divided by number of production workers. 2 Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker hours. 2 Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Sum of allemployee estimates for component cells. Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for component cells. Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. All employees, women employees, and production or nonsupervisory workers. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Annual average data Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Average weekly hours. Average weekly overtime hours. Average hourly earnings. Average weekly earnings. Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. 1 The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample. 2 The sample productionworker ratio, womenworker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample average. 177

from the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government. The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the monthtomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions made at the time of the March 1986 benchmark adjustment is shown in table M. Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision. THE SAMPLE Design The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is known as " sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment benchmarks and estimates for March 1986 Total. Industry Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade. Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate. Services... Government. 178 1 Less than.5 percent. Benchmark 98,15 832 4,415 18,945 5,2 5,695 17,327 6,14 22,65 16,946 Estimate 98,617 842 4,441 19,148 5,215 5,83 17,418 6,144 22,593 17,13 Percent difference.5 1.6 1.3.5.3.4 in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates. In the context of the BLS establishment survey program, with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Table N. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1986 1 Total. Industry Mining Construction.. Manufacturing Transportaion and public utilities Wholesale trade. Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate. Services... Government: Federal. State. Local. Number of establishments in sample 249,8. 37,762, 3,7 23,1 51,1 11,6 21,9 42,9 17,7 53,3 5, 4,8 14,7 Number reported 319, 84, 1,18, 2,38, 978, 3,352, 2,135, 5,362, 2,98, 3,194, 6,276, Employees Percent of total 38 38 19 53 46 17 19 35 24 1 8 62 1 Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. 2 National estimates of Federal employment by agency are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 5, reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Reliability Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate employment. This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau upon request. The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly earnings by industry (In percent) Total. Industry Total private. Mining Construction Manufacturing... Durable goods... Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade. Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services... Government 3 Average benchmark revision in estimates of employment 1.3 1.7.8.7.4.7 1..4 Relative error 2 Average weekly hours 1..7 p I <AJ.4 Average hourly earnings.5 1 The average percent revision in employment for the 198286 benchmarks. 2 Relative errors relate to 1982 data. 3 Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State and local government reports. CM.3 C\J.6.4.4.4.6 relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for major industries are presented in table O and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete census. One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates for individual industries is the rootmeansquare error (RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates: RMSE = V(standard deviation) 2 (bias) 2 If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the rootmeansquare error. The chances are about 19 out of 2 that the difference would be less than twice the rootmeansquare error. Approximations of the rootmeansquare errors (based on the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P. For the two most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. Table Q presents rootmeansquare errors of the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and final monthtomonth changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings. STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Table P. Rootmeansquare errors of differences between benchmarks and estimates of employment and average relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly earnings 5, 1,. 2,. 5, 1,,. 2,, Size of employment estimate Rootmeansquare error of employment estimates 1 2,1 3,9 5,6 14, 15, 26, Relative error 2 (in percent) Average weekly hours 1.9.8.5 1 Assuming 12month intervals between benchmark revisions. 2 Relative errors relate to 1982 data. Average hourly earnings 1.9 179 Digitized for FRASER

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates Rootmeansquare error of Rootmeansquare error of Industry Monthly level Monthtomonth change Industry Monthly level Monthtomonth change Total. Total private 1. Goods producing. 11,8 67,4 29,3 14,9 61,6 24,1 Nondurable goods Continued Chemicals and allied products.. Petroleum and coal products.. Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products.. 2,4 1,3 2,1 2,3 2,3 1,3 2, 2,2 Mining Oil and gas extraction. Construction General building contractors. Manufacturing. Durable goods Lumber and wood products. Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical... Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment. Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing... 5,3 4,2 18,1 6,5 22,8 18,5 3,1 2, 2,2 6,1 4,9 3,3 7,2 5,6 9,2 8,1 2,1 2, 5,1 4,1 14, 4,9 22,8 17,5 2,6 1,8 2,1 5,9 4,6 2,9 6,4 6, 8,8 8,6 2,2 2, Serviceproducing industries. Transportation and public utilities.. Transportation Communication and public utilities. Wholesale trade Durable goods... Nondurable goods. Retail trade General merchandise stores. Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Eating and drinking places. Finance, insurance, and real estate Finance.. Insurance.. Real estate. 1,5 15,7 18,2 6,6 9, 5,8 5,3 37,5 2,7 6,4 3,2 17,6 8,4 4,5 3, 4,8 98,4 13,8 17,4 6,2 8, 5,1 4,5 34,6 18,7 5,8 3, 15,2 7,4 3,8 2,3 4,1 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products. Tobacco manufactures. Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and all ed products. Printing and publishing. 9,9 6,3 1,7 2,2 6,3 1,5 2,2 9,5 6,4 1,6 2,3 5,6 1,3 2,1 Services Business services. Health services. Government. Federal. State Local. 33,2 12,2 1,6 73,7 17,4 24,6 35,2 3,5 1,8 1,4 68,4 11,3 23, 32,8 NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1981 through December 1986. 18

Productivity Data (Tables C9 through C11) COLLECTION Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board. CONCEPTS Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers. Output is the constantdollar market value of final goods and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input. Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonflnancial corporations, in which there are no selfemployed. Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPIU). Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the currentdollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output. The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the currentdollar estimate of gross product by the constantdollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of the sector reported. NOTES ON THE DATA For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector, these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owneroccupied housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonflnancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business. Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours*data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 194881, BLS Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from the Office of Productivity and Technology (22 5239261). State and Area Labor Force Data (D table) FEDERALSTATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a FederalState cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act. Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 242. The report "Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis. ESTIMATING METHODS The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in 11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts, 181

North Carolina, and Florida are sufficiently reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above. Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,6 labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics. 1. Preliminary estimate employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This placeofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been developed for the several categories of employment on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 198 decennial census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (Ul). 2. Preliminary estimate unemployment: In the current month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State Ullaws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the uibased estimate. An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons who either filed claims late or not at all. The estimate of those previously employed in industries not covered by ui is derived by applying to the employment estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships. For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth." 3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied at the State level to the uibased estimates obtained above for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Uibased estimates for the 6month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the Stateprepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State UI laws, the structural limitations of the Uibased estimating method, and errors in the UI data. 4. Subs tat e adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State (obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by the Uibased method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add to the independent State totals. 5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using uibased estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the Stateprepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to the limitations of the 6month moving averge adjustment procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Uibased estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark. The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First the monthly uibased estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the uibased annual averages. Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the thirdstage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages. 182

Seasonal Adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishmentbased data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings. The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is an adaptation of the standard ratiotomovingaverage method. It provides for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The Xll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967). Beginning in January 198, BLS introduced two major modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for data from the household survey. First, the data are being seasonally adjusted with a procedure called Xll ARIMA, which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the existing standard Xll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The Xll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983. The Xll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the Xll ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the Xl 1 method alone. The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 19781 based on 198 census population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were carried back to 197. All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force components agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment data for four sexage groups (men and women under and over 2 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add to totals. Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force series based on the experience through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force series are published in the February issue of this publication. Beginning in July 198, the BLS also uses the Xll ARIMA methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data, which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative models under Xll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates are based on actual data through March and projected data through March. The ARIMA model options for projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June 1981. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW), and multiplying by 1. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production 183

or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private serviceproducing, wholesale trade, retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base. Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trendcycle and/or irregular components. These failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however. Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number of these workers was substantial, and at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment. Temporary census takers for the 198 decennial census are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment. The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March. Seasonal adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear in the June issue of Employment and Earnings. 184

U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I BOSTON John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building Suite 163 Boston, MA 223 REGION II NEW YORK 21 Varick Street New York, NY 114 REGION III PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 1339 Philadelphia, PA 1911 REGION IV ATLANTA Suite 54 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta, GA 3367 REGION V CHICAGO 9th Floor 23 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, IL 664 REGION VI DALLAS Room 221 525 Griffin Street Dallas, TX 7522 REGIONS VII and VIII KANSAS CITY 15th Floor 911 Walnut Street Kansas Citv. MO 6416 REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO 71 Stevenson Street P.O. Box 3766 San Francisco, CA 94119 COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LA US) IV X IX VI IX VIII 1 III III IV IV IX X V V VII VII IV VI I III I V V IV VII VIII VII IX I II VI II IV VIII V VI X III II BLS Region ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO I RHODE ISLAND IV SOUTH CAROLINA VIII SOUTH DAKOTA IV TENNESSEE VI TEXAS VIII UTAH I VERMONT III VIRGINIA II VIRGIN ISLANDS X WASHINGTON III WEST VIRGINIA V WISCONSIN VIII WYOMING Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 3613 Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2551, Juneau 9982 Department of Economic Security, 733A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 855 Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 7223 Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 9588. Division of Employment and Training, 133 Fox Street, Denver 824 Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 2 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 619 Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 929, Newark 19711 Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services, 5 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 21 Bureau of Research and Information, Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive, Tallahassee 3231 Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta,3334 Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 83 Punchbowl Street, Room 34, Honolulu 96813 Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735 Bureau of Employment Security, 91 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 665 Employment Security Division, 1 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 4624 Department of Job Service, 1 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 5319 Department of Human Resources, 41 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 6663 Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 4621 Department of Labor, P.O. Box 4494, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 784 Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 2 Union Street, Augusta 433 Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 11 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 2121 Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 2114 Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 731 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 4822 Department of Jobs and Training, 39 North Robert Street, St. Paul 5511 * Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 392151699 Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 6514 Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 5961 Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 946, Lincoln 6859 Employment Security Department, 5 East Third Street, Carson City 89713 Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 331 Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 8625 Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 8713 Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 1224 Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2593, Raleigh 27611 Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck,5852 Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216 Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 31 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 7315 Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311 Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121 Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 55 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl., Hato Rey 918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 55 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th FL, Hato Rey 918 (LAUS) Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 293 Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 2922 Department of Labor, P.O. Box 173, Aberdeen 5741 Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219 Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778 Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147 Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, MontrJeliei: 562 Division of Researchand Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 81 Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 9854 Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 2535 Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 5377 Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 276, Casper 8262