June 19, 2017 Macro Diversification: Navigating the Shortand Long-Term Asset Allocation Decisions Critical for Investment Success Brian D. Singer, CFA Partner, Portfolio Manager FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY Setting the Table William Blair s Dynamic Allocation Strategies (DAS) Team: Global Multi-Asset, Multi-Currency (125 buckets ) Macro: Top-Down Expertise Fundamental orientation Discretionary: rigorous frameworks drive consistency and repeatability Dynamic Risk Management 2 1
The Modern Era Relative growth of S&P 500 (inflation-adjusted) 100000 Great Depression Great Inflation Great Moderation? 10000 1000 Real S&P 500 Return 100 Inflation Real 10-Year Treasury Return 10 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2020 Past returns are no guarantee of future performance. A direct investment in an unmanaged index is not possible. Data sources: U.S. Department of Commerce: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Economic Analysis 3 Main Points World drivers: Central bank rate manipulation Populist waves Geopolitical uncertainty The breakdown of post-ww II international institutions 4 2
World Real GDP Growth Rate History and forecast 2 16% 12% 8% 4% -4% -8% -12% 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 2020 2030 2040 2050 Source: World Economics Global GDP Database, aggregation of various external forecasts, William Blair. As of December 7, 2016. 5 Percent of Real GDP Attributable to Developed & Developing Countries 10 75% 5 25% 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Developing Developed Source: USDA Economic Research Service, William Blair. International Macroeconomic Data Set: World Bank World Development Indicators, International Financial Statistics of the IMF, IHS Global Insight, and Oxford Economic Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the ERS all converted to a base year. IMF categorization of developed and developing countries. 6 3
Percent of Global Real GDP Growth from Developed & Developing Countries 10 75% 5 25% 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Developing Developed As of September 21, 2016. Source: USDA Economic Research Service, William Blair. International Macroeconomic Data Set: World Bank World Development Indicators, International Financial Statistics of the IMF, IHS Global Insight, and Oxford Economic Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the ERS all converted to a base year. IMF categorization of developed and developing countries. 7 Conclusions Tides, waves and ripples Process for consistent and repeatable performance The market is focusing and will focus on world drivers: Central banks Populism Geopolitics Western world reconstituted The future is in emerging markets contributions to world growth Jack be nimble, Jack be quick... focus on EM realpolitik Source: William Blair 8 4
Macro Allocation Strategy 9 Expected Returns Selected markets and currencies (8-year horizon, annualized, hedged) 12% 1 8% Annualized Expected Return 6% 4% 2% -2% U.S. Equity Non-U.S. Equity Emerging Market Equity U.S. Bond (10 Year) Non-U.S. Bond (10 Year) U.S. High Emerging Yield Market Debt (USD) CHF CNY EUR INR JPY Versus USD As of May 31, 2017. Source: William Blair, Investment Expectations. S&P, MSCI, Bloomberg Barclays, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, JP Morgan, 6-month LIBOR. For illustrative purposes only and not intended as investment advice. Expected return information is intended to illustrate potential expectations for various capital markets and should not be considered representation of past or expected future returns for any William Blair investment strategy or product. Expected returns are provided are for informational purposes only and not intended to be reflective of results a person should expect to achieve. Actual results will vary and may be higher or lower than the values indicated. Differences between expected and actual results may be exaggerated in volatile market environments. There is no guarantee that expected return indicated will equal the actual return for any capital market. The expected returnofanassetreflectstheaverage probability distribution of possible returns and is based on the convergence of price to value plus income accruing to an investor. Please refer to the Important Disclosures at the end of this presentation for additional information on Capital Market Assumptions calculations. 10 5
Risk Management: Representative Risk Budget Deployment in Selected Environments Large Global Equity Global Fixed Income / Positive/ Negative Risk Exposure Currency Risk Budget 0.8% 2.5% 15.8% Opportunity Set* 1.1% 0.4% 10.6% 2.5% 1. 1.5% 0.6% 0.1% 5.8% None Portfolio exposures prior to inception illustrate the theoretical application of investment process in selected environments 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 *The Opportunity Set represents the aggregate discrepancy between fundamental value and price for various markets and currencies calibrated to the portfolio risk budget and constraints. The further prices are from value the larger the Opportunity Set and the closer prices are to value the smaller the Opportunity Set. As of May 31, 2017. Source: MSCI, Bloomberg, Datastream, William Blair. For illustrative purposes only. The above information is not intended as investment advice, nor does it represent the performance of any William Blair product. Please see Disclosure page for additional important information. 11 Important Disclosures FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY. This content is for informational and educational purposes only and not intended as investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Investment advice and recommendations can be provided only after careful consideration of an investor s objectives, guidelines, and restrictions. Any discussion of particular topics is not meant to be comprehensive and may be subject to change. Any investment or strategy mentioned herein may not be suitable for every investor. Factual information has been taken from sources we believe to be reliable, but its accuracy, completeness or interpretation cannot be guaranteed. Information and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and may not reflect the opinions of other investment teams within William Blair. Information is current as of the date appearing in this material only and subject to change without notice. Performance and Fees Past performance is not indicative of future returns. Gross investment performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains, is gross of investment management fees and net of transaction costs. Performance results will be reduced by the fees incurred in the management of the account. For example, assuming an annual gross return of 8% and an annual management/advisory fee of.4, the net annualized total return of the portfolio would be 7.58% over a 5-year period. Net investment performance represents the deduction of the highest possible fee. Investment management fees are described in William Blair's Form ADV Part 2A. Risk All investments contain risk and may lose value. Equities may decline in value due to both real and perceived general market, economic, and industry conditions. Derivatives may involve certain costs and risks such as liquidity, interest rate, market, credit, management and the risk that a position could not be closed when most advantageous. Investing in derivatives could lose more than the amount invested. Investing in foreign denominated and/or domiciled securities may involve heightened risk due to currency fluctuations, and economic and political risks, which may be enhanced in emerging markets. Currency rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time and may reduce the returns of a portfolio. Investing in foreign denominated and/or domiciled securities may involve heightened risk due to currency fluctuations, and economic and political risks, which may be enhanced in emerging markets. High-yield, lower-rated, securities involve greater risk than higher-rated securities; portfolios that invest in them may be subject to greater levels of credit and liquidity risk than portfolios that do not. Investing in securities of smaller companies tends to be more volatile and less liquid than securities of larger companies. Investments in value securities involve the risk the market s value assessment may differ from the manager and the performance of the securities may decline. Index The BofA Merrill Lynch US 3-Month Treasury Bill Index is comprised of a single issue purchased at the beginning of the month and held for a full month. At the end of the month that issue is sold and rolled into a newly selected issue. The issue selected at each month-end rebalancing is the outstanding Treasury Bill that matures closest to, but not beyond, three months from the rebalancing date. To qualify for selection, an issue must have settled on or before the month-end rebalancing date. While the index will often hold the Treasury Bill issued at the most recent 3-month auction, it is also possible for a seasoned 6-month Bill to be selected. The MSCI ACWI Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed and emerging markets. The Bloomberg Barclays Aggregate Bond Index is composed of securities from the Government/Corporate Bond Index, Mortgage- Backed Securities Index, and Asset-Backed Securities Index. It is not possible to directly invest in an unmanaged index. As used in this document, William Blair refers to William Blair Investment Management, LLC and the Investment Management division of William Blair & Company, L.L.C. unless otherwise noted. For more information about William Blair, please see http://www.williamblair.com/about-william-blair.aspx Copyright 2017 William Blair. William Blair is a registered trademark of William Blair & Company, L.L.C. William Blair refers to William Blair & Company, L.L.C., William Blair Investment Management, LLC, and affiliates. 12 6
Important Disclosures Capital Market Assumptions FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY. This material is provided by William Blair s Dynamic Allocation Strategies team for informational purposes only and is not intended as investment advice. Any discussion of particular topics is not meant to be comprehensive and may be subject to change. Any investment or strategy mentioned herein may not be suitable for every investor. Factual information has been taken from sources we believe to be reliable, but its accuracy, completeness or interpretation cannot be guaranteed. Information and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and may not reflect the opinions of other investment teams within William Blair. Information is current as of the date appearing in this material only and subject to change without notice. Return and risk information contained herein is intended to illustrate potential expectations for various capital markets and should not be considered any representation of past or expected future return or risk for any William Blair investment strategy or product. Expected returns are provided for informational purposes only and not intended to be reflective of results a person should expect to achieve. Actual results will vary and may be higher or lower than the values indicated. Differences between expected and actual results may be exaggerated in volatile market environments. There is no guarantee that expected return or risk expectations indicated will equal actual return or risk for any capital market or investment strategy. Fundamental values for equities and fixed income are determined using a multi-stage discounted cash flow model. Cash flows for equity markets are a function of stated earnings, NIPA corporate profits & sector decomposition for each market. The discount rate is a function of the real cash rate, inflation rate and a proprietary risk premium. Cash flows for fixed income are a function of the coupon rate, principal, and default & recovery rates. The discount rate is a function of the real cash rate, inflation rate, and a proprietary risk premium. Fundamental values for currencies are determined by real equilibrium exchange rate plus carry for each currency. A currency s real equilibrium exchange rate is determined by relative purchasing power parity. Carry is the difference of forward-looking real cash (interest) rates. Value and equilibrium rates for currencies are calculated to the U.S. dollar. Risk The risk for each market or currency is represented by the Dynamic Allocation Strategies team forward looking risk estimates. Hedged returns represent the expected returns for equity and fixed income markets whereby the currency exposure is hedged to U.S. dollars. Unhedged returns represent the expected returns for equity and fixed income markets whereby the currency exposure is unhedged and returns are converted back to U.S. dollars. Local return represents the expected return for each equity and fixed income market in its respective local currency. Index The following leading indices are used as proxies for various capital markets: Equities: 1) World MSCI World (ACWI) Index; 2) US S&P 500 Index; 3) EAFE MSCI EAFE Index; 4) UK MSCI UK Index; 5) Japan MSCI Japan Index; 6) European Economic Monetary Union (EMU) MSCI EMU Index; 7) Canada MSCI Canada Index; 8) Australia MSCI Australia Index; 9) Switzerland MSCI Switzerland Index; 10) Emerging Markets MSCI Emerging Markets Index. Bonds: 1) World JP Morgan Global Aggregate Bond Index; 2) Ex-US Sovereign S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index Ex-US; 3) US S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index (US 10-Year Bond); 4) Germany S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index (Germany 10- Year Bond); 5) UK S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index (UK 10-Year Bond); 6) Japan S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index (Japan 10-Year Bond); 7) Canada S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index (Canada 10-Year Bond); 8) Australia S&P/Citigroup International Treasury Bond Index (Australia 10-Year Bond); 9) BarCap Aggregate Bloomberg Barclays Capital US Aggregate Bond Index; 10) US Investment Grade Bank of America/Merrill Lynch US Corporate Master Index; 11) US High Yield Bank of America/Merrill Lynch US High Yield Cash Pay Index; 12) Emerging JP Morgan Emerging Markets Bond Index Global. Currencies reflect daily exchange rate closing prices from Thomson Reuters. Indices are unmanaged, do not incur management fees, costs or expenses and cannot be invested in directly. 13 Important Disclosures Capital Market Assumptions (continued) Definitions Cash Return: Equilibrium Return comprises a 1.5% real rate & 2.2% U.S. inflation premium. Expected comprises a 0.9% real rate & 1.8% U.S. inflation premium. Equilibrium Return: The passive return for an equity or fixed income market where prices begin and remain at their fundamental values, as determined by the Dynamic Allocation Strategies team, for the entire investment horizon and cash rates remain at equilibrium levels over the investment horizon. Expected Return: The passive return for equity and fixed income markets factoring in the current value to price discrepancy and the reversion of price to value over the investment horizon as well as the reversion of current cash rate to the equilibrium cash rate over the investment horizon. The reversion of price to value occurs over an eight year horizon for equities and a five year horizon for fixed income. Expected 8-Year Currency Return: The gain or loss from having exposure to each currency factoring in the reversion of value to price over the investment horizon and the interest rate differential. Yield Change and Net New Issuance: Yield change is the change in dividend yield as price changes through time towards fair value. The change in price is determined by the reversion to fair value over the horizon. Net new issuance (either buybacks or dilution) represents the difference between the modeled payout ratio times the earnings and the observed dividends. The model determines cash flows (not just dividends) and doesn t distinguish how it is returned to the investors in aggregate. Real Trend Growth: The cycle-adjusted earnings growth rate over the next 10-years, representing a mid-cycle growth rate, as determined by the Dynamic Allocation Strategies team. Earnings Recovery: The annualized gap between current actual earnings level and the cycle-adjusted earnings level, representing a mid-cycle earnings level, as determined by the Dynamic Allocation Strategies team. 14 7