SWM/SWM II ACCOUNT AGREEMENT

SWM/SWM II ACCOUNT AGREEMENT In consideration of LPL Financial LLC (LPL) agreeing to open a SWM/SWM II investment account (Account) for you, you hereby understand, acknowledge and agree: ROLE OF ADVISOR 1. TRADING AND DISBURSEMENT AUTHORIZATION You have entered into an investment advisory agreement with the investment advisor (Advisor) named in Section V of the Account Application, pursuant to which you have granted Advisor trading authority with respect to your Account. You acknowledge that you (and not LPL) are solely responsible for selecting Advisor and for the authority you grant to Advisor. You have authorized Advisor to be your agent and attorney-in-fact with respect to the Account. You authorize LPL to accept from Advisor trading instructions and other instructions related to your Account, including the disbursement of assets to you but subject to the limitations on the authority to instruct on withdrawals, transfers and disbursements set forth below. Trading instructions include but are not limited to instructions with respect to buying, selling, assigning, transferring, and trading in securities and commodities and/or contracts relating to the same on margin or otherwise, and stock option transactions, as well as with respect to all other things necessary or incidental to the furtherance of such instructions. You authorize LPL to accept from Advisor instructions relating to the reinvestment of dividends and capital gain distributions in the Account. You authorize LPL to disburse assets from Account for investment purposes and to you at the direction of Advisor. LPL will take instructions from you or Advisor regarding the termination of the advisory relationship between Advisor and you. Such instructions from you may take the form of a request to transfer all assets to another financial institution or another account at LPL. Advisor is hereby authorized to direct LPL to transfer money, securities or any other assets between the Account and (1) your other accounts (both current and future) at LPL, and (2) your accounts at external custodians (e.g., your bank) provided, that, the transferred money, securities or other assets are only sent to accounts registered in your name and you have provided us with necessary information related to your accounts at external custodians. All other transfers, withdrawals or disbursement requests delivered by Advisor to LPL may only be acted upon by LPL if such instruction includes your express written consent. You hereby ratify and confirm any and all transactions with LPL made by Advisor or for your Account. You agree that LPL will not be liable for any loss, liability, cost or expense for acting upon instructions from Advisor and agree to indemnify and hold LPL harmless from any such loss, liability, cost or expense. 2. ADVISOR FEE PAYMENT AUTHORIZATION You hereby authorize LPL to debit Advisor s fees directly from the Account and pay such amounts to Advisor. You further authorize LPL to accept instructions from Advisor regarding adjustments to the Advisor s fees in circumstances such as a fee waiver or credit or a reduction in fee. Adjustments to increase the fee set out in the Account Application may be made only at your instruction. You understand that LPL will not verify that the fees are consistent with those set out in the agreement between you and Advisor. You will see the amounts deducted from the Account on statements and will verify them based on the fee rates you negotiated with Advisor. It is agreed by you that the fee will be payable, first, from free credit balances, if any, in the Account, and second from the liquidation or withdrawal (which you hereby authorize) by LPL of your shares of any money market fund balances in any money market account, or balances in any insured deposit account, if applicable. LPL will deduct Advisor s fee quarterly in advance; however, for the initial fee deduction, LPL will deduct the Advisor s fee at the beginning of the quarter following the establishment of the Account and will include a prorated fee for the initial quarter in addition to the quarterly Advisor fee for the upcoming quarter. Subsequent fee deductions will be made at the beginning of each quarter based on the value of the Account assets as of the close of business on the last business day of the preceding quarter. Additional deposits and withdrawals will be added or subtracted from the assets, which may lead to an adjustment of the Advisor s fee. If LPL is notified by Client or Advisor of the termination or deactivation of the Account s advisory account status at LPL, LPL will process a prorated refund of Advisor s fees that were pre-paid based upon the number of days remaining in the quarter after the LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 1

notice of termination to LPL. Certain accounts may establish procedures to pay the Advisor s fee directly rather than through a debit to the Account. Any different method of billing fees may result in the imposition of additional charges to cover the administrative costs of billing. You acknowledge that LPL does not set the fee of Advisor applicable to the Account. 3. PROXIES/CORPORATE ACTIONS If you have indicated in Section V of the Application or otherwise so instructed LPL that you designate Advisor to vote proxies and take corporate actions on your behalf and receive proxy voting materials and materials related to corporate actions, you authorize LPL to accept instructions from Advisor as to the voting of proxies and the taking of corporate actions. 4. PROSPECTUSES AND REPORTS You designate Advisor to receive prospectuses, shareholder reports and other statements instead of you. You retain the right to rescind this designation by notifying LPL in writing. 5. ACCOUNT INFORMATION You authorize LPL to send information to Advisor (in addition to you) regarding your Account, including trade confirmations and account statements. 6. REVOCATION OF AUTHORIZATIONS You agree to notify LPL in writing regarding any changes to or the revocation of any authorizations granted in this agreement. Any changes to or the revocation of authorizations will be effective upon receipt of notice by LPL. LPL shall follow instructions of Advisor until LPL is informed that the authorization has been revoked. ROLE OF LPL 1. NO INVESTMENT ADVICE LPL is providing brokerage, custodial and administrative services to your Account. LPL is not an investment advisor to you and has no authority or responsibility for investment decisions made for the Account. LPL and Advisor are not affiliated. However, in the case of certain Advisors, associated persons of Advisor may be broker-dealer registered representatives of LPL. Although LPL may be required by regulatory authority to oversee certain activities of such broker-dealer representatives, LPL has no responsibility to monitor or review the performance of your Account. You understand that if an associated person of Advisor is a broker-dealer registered representative of LPL, that person is not acting in a brokerage capacity or on behalf of LPL in any way with respect to the Account. This is the case without regard to any previous relationship you may have had with that associated person. You acknowledge that LPL does not provide you with any investment, legal, tax or accounting advice, that LPL's employees are not authorized to give any such advice and that you will not solicit or rely upon any such advice from LPL or its employees whether in connection with transactions in or for your Account or otherwise. In making investment, legal, tax or accounting decisions with respect to transactions in or for your Account or any other matter, you will consult with and rely upon your own advisors and not LPL, and LPL shall have no liability therefore. 2. TRANSACTION CHARGES If your Account is a SWM account, you will bear transaction charges for purchases, sales and exchanges in Account, including for mutual funds, equities, fixed income securities and options. (For SWM II accounts, the transaction costs are borne by the Advisor and are transaction based or asset based. If the transaction costs borne by the Advisor are transaction based, the Advisor has a conflict of interest because Advisor has a financial incentive to trade less frequently. In addition, in SWM II, because transactions charges vary by security type, there is a conflict of interest for Advisor because Advisor has an incentive to select securities for your Account that cost the Advisor less than other types of securities. Clients should discuss with Advisor these SWM II conflicts and also the differences between SWM and SWM II accounts.) You authorize LPL to deduct from your Account the transaction charges and other fees applicable to your Account. The transaction charges are paid to LPL to defray costs associated with trade execution; however, they are not directly related to transaction-related expenses of LPL and are a source of revenue to LPL. The LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 2

transaction charges vary depending on the type of security being purchased or sold (e.g., currently $9 for equities, $35 for unit investment trusts). In the case of mutual funds, the transaction charges vary depending on whether LPL retains compensation from the mutual fund (or a share class of the fund) for services it provides to the fund, such as recordkeeping fees, asset-based service fees or 12b-1 fees. If the compensation retained by LPL exceeds a certain qualifying amount (which is set by LPL in its discretion), then the mutual fund or the applicable share class of the mutual fund is considered a Full Participating Fund and its transaction charges will be set at $0. If the compensation retained by LPL does not exceed the qualifying amount or LPL receives no compensation from the mutual fund, then the mutual fund or the applicable share class of the mutual fund is considered a Non-Participating Fund and its transaction charges will be set at $26.50. LPL uses that compensation from mutual funds to reduce its platform and trading costs, and therefore, assesses a lower transaction charge to clients. Although a Full Participating Fund has a $0 transaction charge, Full Participating Funds tend to have a higher expense ratio, which is borne by the client. LPL does not charge a transaction charge for fixed income securities (e.g., bonds or structured products); however, LPL acts as principal on fixed income security transactions and receives a mark-up/down on the transaction. The standard transaction charges applicable to a SWM account will be notified to you in connection with your Account opening. These charges are subject to change at the discretion of LPL. You will be notified of any changes, including through information provided with your periodic statements. You understand that LPL and Advisor may agree to transaction charges for all or certain clients of Advisor or certain associated person of Advisor that are different (and may be less) than the standard transaction charges based on the nature and scope of the business Advisor or a particular associated person of Advisor does with LPL currently and the expected future business. Therefore, the transaction charges for your Account may be more than or less than those applicable to other clients of Advisor or clients of other Advisors. LPL may change the amount of the transaction charges if the nature or scope of your Advisor s business changes or does not reach certain levels. In this case, the transaction charges you pay would revert to LPL s standard transaction charges. Certain share classes of mutual funds that participate in LPL s No Transaction Fee Program ("SWM NTF Program") can be purchased in SWM accounts without a transaction charge. In order to participate in the SWM NTF Program, mutual funds pay LPL recordkeeping and/or revenue sharing fees in the form of asset-based or transaction-based fees. A complete list of mutual fund sponsors participating in the SWM NTF Program can be found by visiting https://lplfinancial.lpl.com/disclosures.html. In the case of SWM II accounts, clients should understand that the cost to Advisor of transaction charges may be a factor Advisor considers when deciding which mutual funds to select and whether or not to place transactions in the account. Advisor has a financial incentive to select funds in order to reduce or eliminate the transaction charges, including but not limited to funds participating in the SWM NTF Program. 3. BROKERAGE SERVICES You authorize securities transactions in your Account to be effected through LPL. LPL may receive and retain compensation for effecting transactions on behalf of Account. In connection with sales or purchases of a security in the Account, LPL may act as principal for its own account or as agent for another person. LPL may aggregate purchases, sales and exchanges of securities beneficially owned by you with purchases, sales and exchanges of securities beneficially owned by other persons. Payment for the purchase of securities in Account should be made payable to LPL Financial LLC. 4. OTHER SERVICES AND BENEFITS TO ADVISOR You understand that LPL provides Advisor and its associated persons with services and benefits to help Advisor conduct its advisory business and to service you. LPL provides services on behalf of Advisor with respect to your account, for example, for fee billing and/or performance reporting. LPL may or may not charge Advisor a separate administrative fee for such services, depending on the nature and scope of the business of Advisor (or a particular associated person of Advisor) with LPL. LPL also provides Advisor and its associated persons services and benefits that are separate from the administrative, custodial and brokerage services provided by LPL to you and Advisor under this agreement. LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 3

LPL provides services, such as research and business consulting services, to Advisor and its associated persons. You understand that any research materials produced by LPL are intended only to be used by Advisor and not by you. Even if such research is used by Advisor to generate investment advice for your Account, you acknowledge that Advisor (and not LPL) is responsible for the investment advice. LPL pays for or provides Advisor with technology solutions and operational support to streamline Advisor s business operation. This includes the use of LPL systems to facilitate business processing and access to client data. This may also include assisting Advisor in transitioning business to LPL and in completing forms necessary to permit clients in establishing accounts at LPL. In particular, in the case of associated persons of Advisor that are brokerage registered representatives of LPL, LPL provides bonuses, awards and other items of value to such individuals in connection with their brokerage association with LPL, for example, bonus payments based on production, awards of shares of LPL s parent company, LPL Financial Holdings Inc., and attendance at LPL conferences and events. LPL may provide reimbursement for administrative and marketing related expenses such as business cards, letterhead, brochures, website design services, seminars and other client events. In certain cases, LPL also offers loans to Advisor or its associated persons to assist with transitioning business and accounts onto the LPL custodial platform. In some cases, LPL forgives all or a portion of the loan if Advisor or its associated persons maintain certain asset levels at LPL. The services Advisor and its associated persons receive from LPL may be based on the nature and scope of the business Advisor or its associated persons do with LPL and may be offered to Advisor or its associated persons at no fee or at a discounted fee. Some of these services and benefits help Advisor monitor and service the Account, but others benefit only Advisor and its associated persons. As a result, these services and benefits to Advisor and its associated persons cause a conflict of interest to Advisor, as Advisor and its associated persons have a financial incentive to recommend that you establish an account with LPL. INVESTMENT RISK DISCLOSURE 1. You understand that investing in securities involves risks and that many variables, including, but not limited to market and economic fluctuations, may have a substantial negative effect on the value of your securities positions. Furthermore, you represent to LPL that you are willing to assume these risks and that you are in fact financially able to bear these risks. You agree to notify Advisor and LPL in writing should your financial condition materially change, or should your investment objective change from the one shown on the Account Application. 2. You agree to obtain from your Advisor current offering documents which fully describe each investment, including potential risks and costs, prior to purchasing an interest in a partnership, mutual fund, variable product, unit investment trust or any new issue. 3. It is usually not advisable to be induced by a pending dividend to purchase or sell securities. OPERATION OF YOUR CASH ACCOUNT/TERMS 1. APPLICABLE RULES & REGULATIONS All transactions in your Account are subject to the rules, customs and usages of the exchanges, markets or clearing houses where the transactions are executed and to all applicable federal and state laws and regulations. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) requires that we provide the following information concerning its BrokerCheck program. An investor brochure that includes information describing FINRA BrokerCheck may be obtained from FINRA. The FINRA BrokerCheck hotline number is (800) 289-9999. The FINRA website address is www.finra.org. Any complaints regarding the handling of your account may be directed to your financial advisor and/or to LPL Financial at 800-558-7567. 2. LIEN All securities, commodities and other property which LPL may at any time be carrying for you or which may at any time be in LPL s possession or under LPL s control, shall be subject to a general lien and security interest in LPL s favor for the discharge of LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 4

all your indebtedness and other obligations to LPL, without regard to LPL having made any advances in connection with such securities and other property and without regard to the number of accounts you may have with LPL. In enforcing LPL's lien, LPL shall have the discretion to determine which securities and property are to be sold and which contracts are to be closed. For purposes of this agreement, "securities, commodities and other property," as used herein shall include, but not be limited to, money, securities, and commodities of every kind and nature and all contracts and options relating thereto, whether for present or future delivery. Notwithstanding any other provision in this agreement to the contrary, any lien or security interest arising out of fees, charges or other obligations owed to LPL by an account of an individual retirement account or other plan subject to the prohibited transaction provisions of section 4975(c) of the Internal Revenue Code ( Plan ) shall be limited to and enforceable against only the assets of such Plan account and any lien or security interest arising out of fees, charges or other obligations owed to LPL by a non-plan account shall not extend to or be enforceable against the assets of any Plan account. No portion of your account with LPL can be used as collateral without the authorization of LPL, which may only be obtained through the completion of required LPL documentation. In the event that you are authorized by LPL to pledge an account as collateral to a lender for a loan or line of credit, you acknowledge that you cannot and will not use the proceeds from any loan or line of credit to purchase securities. 3. FAILURE TO PAY If upon the purchase or sale of securities by LPL at the direction of you or your Advisor, you fail to pay for or deliver monies or securities, you authorize LPL to take those steps necessary to pay for/deliver such monies or securities. You further agree to reimburse LPL for any loss it may sustain on your behalf, including reasonable costs of collection of any debit balance and any unpaid deficiency in your Account including attorneys fees. 4. INTEREST ON DEBIT BALANCES Cash accounts may be subject, at LPL's discretion, to interest on any debit balances resulting from failure to make payment in full for securities purchased, failure to timely deliver securities sold, proceeds of sales paid prior to settlement date, or for other charges which may be made to the Account. 5. AUTOMATIC CASH SWEEP PROGRAM By signing the Account Application, you are selecting and agreeing, with respect to assets held at LPL, to have cash balances in your account transferred automatically into a sweep program, depending on the type of account you hold. Below is a summary of the general terms and conditions of the sweep programs offered by LPL. The applicable sweep program will be implemented upon acceptance of your completed account paperwork at LPL s home office, which generally will occur within 15 business days, but can take longer in certain circumstances, of you providing the paperwork to your Representative. Pending our acceptance, cash balances not otherwise invested at your direction will be held in your account as a free credit balance, as discussed more fully below. Multi-Bank Insured Cash Account ( ICA ) Program General Terms and Conditions If your account is eligible for the ICA program, you hereby authorize and direct LPL to automatically deposit available cash balances (from securities transactions, dividend and interest payments, deposits and other activities) in your account into interest-bearing Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ( FDIC ) insured deposit accounts ( Deposit Accounts ) at one or more banks or other depository institutions participating in the ICA Program (each, a Bank ). Eligibility. The ICA program is available only to individuals, trusts (so long as all beneficiaries of the trust accounts are natural persons), and sole proprietorships. Custodial accounts are eligible for the ICA program if each beneficiary is an eligible person. LPL may at its discretion deem an eligible person to be an ineligible person if LPL becomes aware that the person is prohibited as a matter of law from holding funds at the Bank. Entities organized or operated to make a profit, such as corporations, partnerships, associations, business trusts, and other organizations (other than sole proprietorships) are not eligible for the ICA program. Please consult your Advisor for additional details concerning eligibility. LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 5

FDIC Insurance. The Deposit Accounts available through the ICA program are eligible for insurance by the FDIC up to $250,000 in principal and accrued interest per depositor (including individual retirement accounts ( IRAs ), Roth IRAs, and certain other retirement accounts) in each insurable capacity (e.g. individual, trust, joint, etc.) per Bank. As your agent, LPL will place up to $246,500 of your available cash for an individual or trust account, and up to $493,000 for a joint account, in one Bank. As your agent, LPL will open Deposit Accounts at additional Banks so that funds in excess of $246,500 for an individual or trust account (or $493,000 for a joint account) may be swept into those accounts, which are also eligible for deposit insurance. If $246,500 has been deposited for you (or $493,000 for your joint account) through the ICA program in each Bank up to $1.5 million, excess funds above $1.5 million of deposit insurance ($3 million for joint accounts) will be invested in a money market mutual fund. A prospectus for the fund is available from LPL Financial upon request. Cash invested in a money market mutual fund is not eligible for FDIC deposit insurance. Deposit Accounts are not protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). The ability of the ICA program to sweep your uninvested cash into Bank deposit accounts depends, however, on the capacity of the Banks to accept new deposits. If during our sweep process at the end of each day, your cash cannot be deposited into a Bank in which you have not exceeded your $250,000, it may be swept into the Excess Banks (as denoted on the Priority Bank List) without limit on a temporary basis. If during our sweep process at the end of each day, your cash cannot be fully deposited into a participating Bank (including the Excess Banks), it will be automatically invested into a money market mutual fund the following business day just as it will be when your available cash exceeds the maximum level of available deposit insurance detailed earlier. When Bank capacity is restored, your funds are automatically moved from Excess Bank or the money market mutual fund into deposit accounts with the available Bank(s), subject to the maximum amount of FDIC insurance. Interest. Client will receive the same interest rates on all funds regardless of the Bank in which it is held. Interest will accrue daily on balances from the day funds are deposited into a Bank through the business day preceding the date of withdrawal from that Bank. Interest will be compounded daily and credited monthly. This process is described in more detail in the ICA Disclosure Booklet available from IAR or on www.lplfinancial.lpl.com/disclosures. The interest rates paid are determined by the amount the Banks are willing to pay minus the fees paid to LPL Financial and other parties for administering the program. The interest rates accruing on funds may change as frequently as daily without prior notice. The most up-to-date interest rates are found on www.lplfinancial.lpl.com/disclosures. Fees. LPL receives a fee equal to a percentage of the average daily deposit balance in the ICA. The fee paid to LPL may be at an annual rate of up to an average of 400 basis points as applied across all ICA deposit accounts taken in the aggregate. Tax Information. For most clients, interest earned on deposits in the Deposit Accounts will be taxed as ordinary income in the year it is received. A Form 1099 will be sent to you each year showing the amount of interest income you have earned on deposits in your Deposit Accounts. You should consult with your tax advisor about how the ICA program affects you. More Information. For more specific information about the terms and conditions of the ICA program, please see the ICA Disclosure Booklet available from your Advisor or on www.lplfinancial.lpl.com/disclosures. Money Market Mutual Fund Sweep Program General Terms and Conditions Eligibility. If your Account is not eligible for the ICA, you hereby authorize and direct LPL to automatically invest available cash balances (from securities transactions, dividend and interest payments, deposits and other activities) in shares of a money market mutual fund. If a specific sweep money market mutual fund is not otherwise directed by you, you hereby authorize LPL to direct the cash balances held in your Account to the J.P. Morgan U.S. Government Money Market Fund (unless you own a foreign account and then it will be the J.P. Morgan U.S. Dollar Liquidity Fund). Contact your Advisor to learn about the specific share class you will be invested in or to learn about other sweep money market mutual funds that may be available. No FDIC Insurance. Investments in money market mutual funds are not guaranteed or insured by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although money market mutual funds seek to preserve a net asset value of $1.00 per share, there is no guarantee that this will occur. LPL is a member of SIPC. For accounts held at LPL, SIPC provides account protection up to a maximum of $500,000 per client, of which $250,000 may be claims for cash. This account protection applies when a SIPC LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 6

member firm fails financially and is unable to meet obligations to securities customers, but it does not protect against losses from the rise and fall in the market value of investments. More information on SIPC, including obtaining a SIPC Brochure, may be obtained by calling SIPC directly at (202) 371-8300 or by visiting www.sipc.org. Fees. LPL receives compensation of up to 1.00% annually of LPL customer assets invested in the sweep money market mutual funds from the money market fund sponsor in connection with 12b-1 fees, recordkeeping fees and other compensation. More Information. For more complete information about any of the sweep money market mutual funds available under this program, including all charges and expenses, please contact Advisor for a free prospectus. You may obtain information with respect to the current yields available on the money market mutual funds by contacting Advisor. Changes to Sweep Programs LPL may make changes to the sweep programs, for example, to replace one sweep money market mutual fund with another money market mutual fund. If your account is not eligible for the ICA program, but later becomes eligible for the ICA program, LPL may switch your sweep program from the money market mutual fund sweep program to the ICA program. You will be provided with notice of such change prior to the effective date of the change. Alternatives to Sweep Programs Shares in the money market funds that LPL offers as a non-sweep investment alternative may be purchased by giving specific orders for each purchase to your Advisor. Cash balances in your account, however, will not be automatically swept into these money market funds. Debits in your account will be paid automatically from available cash balances in your account and then from funds in the sweep programs. In the event there are no funds available in these accounts to cover debits, you or Advisor would need to liquidate separately purchased money market mutual fund holdings or other securities to cover the required debits. Free Credit Balances Your selection of a sweep program above will not be effected until your account paperwork has been accepted by LPL as being in good order. Until such time, available cash balances (from securities transactions, dividend and interest payments, deposits and other activities) will not be automatically swept and will be held as a free credit balance. A free credit balance is a liability of LPL and payable to the account on demand. Interest will not be paid to the account on free credit balances. Unless we hear from you to the contrary, it is our understanding that any free credit balances held in your account are pending investment. Free credit balances may be used by LPL in the ordinary course of its business subject to the requirements of Rule 15c3-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The use of customer free credit balances generally generates revenue for LPL in the forms of interest and income, which LPL retains as additional compensation for its services to its clients. Under these arrangements, LPL will generally earn interest or a return based on short-term market interest rated prevailing at the time. If you are acting on behalf of a Plan, you as a Plan fiduciary agree that you have independently determined that holding cash balances, pending LPL s acceptance of the account, as a free credit balance, which does not earn income for the Plan, is both (i) reasonable and in the best interests of the Plan and (ii) that the Plan receives no less, nor pays no more, than adequate consideration with respect to this arrangement. If the Plan fiduciary chooses to avoid holding un-invested cash as a free credit balances, the Plan fiduciary should not fund the account until after your account paperwork has been accepted by LPL as being in good order. Further Information For further information about LPL s sweep programs or your account, please contact your Advisor. 6. ACCOUNT CREDITS LPL credits to your account funds belonging to you such as dividends, interest, redemptions, and proceeds of corporate reorganizations on the day such funds are received by LPL. These funds come to LPL from issuers and various intermediaries in LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 7

which LPL is a participant, such as the Depository Trust Company. Information regarding when LPL credits your account with funds due to you, when those funds are available to you, and/or when you begin earning interest on those funds is available from LPL. 7. DELIVERY OUT OF SECURITIES If your periodic customer statement indicated that securities were forwarded to you and you have not received them, you should notify LPL immediately. If notification is received within 120 days after the mailing date, as reflected on your periodic statement, replacement will be made free of charge. Thereafter, a fee for replacement may apply. 8. CALLABLE SECURITIES Securities which are held for your Account and which are in "street name," or are being held by a securities depository, are commingled with the same securities being held for other customers of LPL. Your ownership of these securities is reflected in LPL s records. You have the right at any time to require delivery to you of any such securities which are fully paid for or are in excess of margin requirements. The terms of many bonds allow the issuer to partially redeem or "call" the issue prior to maturity date. Certain preferred stocks are also subject to being called by the issuer. Whenever any such security being held by LPL is partially "called," LPL will determine, through a random selection procedure as prescribed by the Depository Trust Company, the ownership of the securities to be submitted for redemption without regard to unsettled sales. In the event that such securities owned by you are selected, your account will be credited with the proceeds. Should you not wish to be subject to this random selection process, you must instruct your Advisor to have LPL deliver your securities to you. Delivery will be effected provided, of course, that your position is unencumbered or had not already been called by the issuer as described prior to receipt by LPL of your instructions. Note that if you take delivery of the securities they are still subject to call by the issuer. The probability of one of your securities being called is the same whether they are held by you or by LPL for you. Please refer to the LPL.com Disclosure webpage for information regarding LPL s callable securities allocation process. 9. PERMISSION TO IMPOSE FEES In connection with servicing your Account, you will be charged certain incidental miscellaneous fees and charges. These fees are set out in the Miscellaneous Fee Schedule that is attached hereto and provided to you when you open your Account. These fees include retirement account fees and termination fees, including, for example, an annual individual retirement account (IRA) maintenance fee of $40, and an account termination fee of $125 for processing a full account transfer to another financial institution. LPL makes available a list of these fees on its website at www.lpl.com. If you do not have access to the website, please contact your Advisor or LPL Client Services at (800) 558-7567. A copy of the Miscellaneous Fee Schedule will be provided to you upon your written request. These fees are not directly based on the costs of the transaction or service by LPL, may include a profit to LPL, and certain of the fees may be lowered or waived for certain customers. These fees are subject to change at the discretion of LPL. You will be notified of these charges and any changes through information provided with your periodic statements. 10. COST BASIS For any assets purchased within your Account, the cost basis is the actual purchase price including commissions. For any assets transferred into your Account, original purchase price is used as the cost basis to the extent such information was submitted by you or your Advisor to LPL. It is your responsibility to advise LPL immediately if the cost basis information is portrayed inaccurately. Statement calculations and figures should not be relied upon for tax purposes. The original trade confirmation customarily should be used for cost basis information. 11. PAYMENT FOR ORDER FLOW LPL does not receive any compensation in the form of payment for order flow. LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 8

12. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST LPL is a broker-dealer and custodian to your account and not an investment advisor to your account. LPL s interests may not always be the same as yours. Please ask us questions to make sure you understand your rights and our obligations to you, including the extent of our obligations to disclose conflicts of interest and to act in your best interest. We are paid both by you and, sometimes, by people who compensate us based on what you buy. For example, LPL may receive from third parties mutual fund 12b-1 fees, sub-transfer agent and administrative fees, shareholder servicing fees, and marketing support fees. For more information regarding the material conflicts of interest, the entities that make these payments and a description of the services provided, please visit our website at www.lpl.com, click on Disclosure and then Legal Disclosures or contact LPL Client Services at (800) 558-7567. This information will be sent to you upon your written request. 13. DIRECTIONS OF ORDERS Consistent with the overriding principle of best execution, LPL directs customer orders in equity securities to exchanges and market makers based on an analysis of their ability to provide rapid and quality executions. In an effort to obtain best execution, LPL may consider several factors, including price improvement opportunities (executions at prices superior to the then prevailing inside market on over the counter (OTC) or national best bid or offer for listed securities) and reciprocal business arrangements. 14. SIPC INSURANCE LPL is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). SIPC provides protection for the Account for up to $500,000, including $250,000 for claims for cash. The account protection applies when a SIPC member firm fails financially and is unable to meet obligations to securities customers, but it does not protect against losses from the rise and fall in the market value of investments. More information on SIPC, including obtaining a SIPC Brochure, may be obtained by calling SIPC directly at (202) 371-8300 or by visiting www.sipc.org. 15. REPRESENTATIONS AS TO CAPACITY TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENT If you are an individual, you represent that you are of legal age, that unless otherwise disclosed to LPL in writing, you are not an employee of any securities exchange, or of any corporation of which any exchange owns a majority of the capital stock, or of a member firm or member corporation registered on any exchange or of a bank, trust company, insurance company, or of any corporations, firm or individual engaged in the business of dealing either as broker or as principal in securities, bills of exchange, acceptances or other forms of commercial paper. You further represent that no one except you has an interest in your Account with LPL. 16. EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS LPL shall not be liable for loss caused, directly or indirectly, by government restrictions, exchange or market rulings, suspension of trading, war, strikes or other conditions beyond LPL s control. 17. GOVERNING LAW This agreement and its enforcement will be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 18. ACCOUNT HANDLING You acknowledge that LPL reserves the right in its sole discretion to refuse or restrict your orders and that LPL may close your Account by giving you written notice. OPERATION OF YOUR MARGIN ACCOUNT/TERMS 1. MARGIN Purchase of securities on credit, commonly known as margin purchases, enable you to increase the buying power of its equity and thus increase the potential for profit -- or loss. This presents an additional element of risk for the Account. A portion of the LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 9

purchase price is deposited when buying securities on margin and LPL extends credit for the remainder. This loan appears as a debit balance on your monthly statement of account. LPL charges interest on the debit balance and requires margin clients to maintain securities, cash, or other property to secure repayment of funds advanced and interest due. Interest will be charged for any credit extended to you for the purpose of buying, trading or carrying any securities, for any cash withdrawals made against the collateral of securities, or for any other extension of credit. When funds are paid in advance of settlement on the sale of securities, interest will be charged on such amount from date of payment until settlement date. In the event that any other charge is made to the account for any reason, interest may be charged on the resulting debit balances. 2. DEPOSIT OF COLLATERAL, LIEN ON ACCOUNTS AND LIQUIDATION In the event that additional collateral is requested, you may deposit cash or acceptable securities into your margin account. If satisfactory collateral is not promptly deposited after a request is made, LPL may, at its discretion, liquidate securities held in any of your accounts. In this connection, pursuant to this agreement, LPL retains a security interest in all securities and other property held in the accounts, including securities held for safekeeping, so long as any credit extended remains outstanding. Notwithstanding any other provision in this agreement to the contrary, any lien or security interest arising out of fees, charges or other obligations owed to LPL by an account of a Plan shall be limited to and enforceable against only the assets of such Plan account and any lien or security interest arising out of fees, charges or other obligations owed to LPL by a non-plan account shall not extend to or be enforceable against the assets of any Plan account. 3. LIQUIDATION If, in LPL's discretion, LPL considers it necessary for its protection to require additional collateral or in the event that a petition in bankruptcy, or for appointment of a receiver is filed by or against you, or an attachment is levied against your accounts, or in the event of your death, LPL shall have the right to sell any or all securities, commodities and other property in your accounts with LPL, whether carried individually or jointly with others, to buy any or all securities, commodities and other property which may be short in such accounts, to cancel any open orders and to close any or all outstanding contracts, all without demand for margin or additional margin, notice of sale or purchase or other notice or advertisement. Any such sales or purchases may be made at LPL's discretion on any exchange or other market where such business is usually transacted, or at public auction or private sale, and LPL may be the purchasers for LPL's own account. It is understood that a prior demand, or call, or prior notice of the time and place of such sale or purchase shall not be considered a waiver of LPL's right to sell or buy without demand or notice. 4. PAYMENT OF INDEBTEDNESS UPON DEMAND AND LIABILITY FOR COSTS OF COLLECTION You shall at all times be liable for the payment upon demand of any debit balance or other obligations owing in any of your LPL accounts and you shall be liable to LPL for any deficiency remaining in any such accounts in the event of the liquidation thereof, in whole or in part, by LPL or by you; and, you shall make payments of such obligations and indebtedness upon demand. The reasonable costs and expense of collection of the debit balance, recovery of securities, and any unpaid deficiency in the accounts of the undersigned with LPL, including, but not limited to, attorneys fees, incurred and payable or paid by LPL shall be payable to LPL by you. 5. PLEDGE OF SECURITIES Securities purchased on a cash or margin basis may be hypothecated under circumstances which will permit the co-mingling thereof with securities carried for other customers, but such securities, if hypothecated will be withdrawn from hypothecation as soon as practicable upon receipt of payment there for. 6. MARGIN REQUIREMENTS, CREDIT CHARGES AND CREDIT INVESTIGATION You will at all times maintain such securities, commodities and other property in your accounts for margin purposes as LPL shall require from time to time and the monthly debit balances or adjusted balances in your accounts shall be charged, in accordance with LPL's practice, with interest at a rate permitted by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is understood that LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 10

the interest charge made to your Account at the close of a charge period will be added to the opening balance for the next charge period unless paid. 7. INTEREST RATE Interest charged on any debit balances in cash accounts or credit extended in margin accounts may be up to 3.00 percentage points above the LPL Base Lending Rate. The LPL Base Lending Rate will be set with reference to commercially recognized interest rates, industry conditions relating to the extension of credit, and general credit market conditions. The LPL Base Lending Rate will change without prior notice. When the LPL Base Lending Rate changes during an interest period, interest will be calculated according to the number of days each rate is in effect during that period. If the rate of interest charged to you is changed for any other reason, you will be notified at least 30 days in advance. 8. INTEREST PERIOD Interest charges for the period shown on monthly statements reflect the second to last business day of the previous month through the third to last business day of the current month. Accordingly, the interest charges for the period shown on your monthly statement are based only on the daily net debit and credit balances for the interest period. 9. METHOD OF INTEREST COMPUTATION At the close of each Interest Period during which credit was extended to you, an interest charge is computed by multiplying the average daily debit balance by the applicable schedule rate and by the number of days during which a debit balance was outstanding and then dividing by 360. If there has been a change in the LPL Base Lending Rate, separate computations will be made with respect to each rate of charge for the appropriate number of days at each rate during the Interest Period. The interest charge for credit extended to your account at the close of the Interest Period is added to the opening debit balance for the next Interest Period unless paid. With the exception of credit balances in your short account, all other credit and debit balances in each portion of your account will be combined daily and interest will be charged on the resulting average daily net debit balances for the interest period. If there is a debit in the cash account (type 1) and there is a margin account (type 2), interest will be calculated on the combined debit balance and charged to the margin account. Any credit balance in the short account is disregarded because such credit collateralizes the stock borrowed for delivery against the short sale. Such credit is disregarded even if you should be long the same position in your margin account (i.e., short against the box). If the security that you sold short (or sold against the box) appreciates in market price over the selling price, interest will be charged on the appreciation in value. Correspondingly, if the security that you sold short depreciates in market price, the interest charged will be reduced since your average debit balance will decline. This practice is known as "marking-to-market". The daily closing price is used to determine any appreciation or depreciation of the security sold short. If your account is short shares of stock on the record date of a dividend or other distribution, however such short position occurs, your account will be charged the amount of dividend or other distribution on the following Business Day. 10. GENERAL MARGIN POLICIES The amount of credit that may be extended by LPL and the terms of such extension are governed by rules of the Federal Reserve Board and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Within the guidelines of these rules and subject to adjustment required by changes in such rules and our business judgment, LPL establishes certain policies with respect to margin accounts. If the market value of securities in a margin account declines, LPL may require the deposit of additional collateral. Margin account equity is the current market value of securities and cash deposited as security less the amount owed LPL for credit extended at its discretion. It is LPL's general policy to require margin account holders to maintain equity in its margin accounts of the greater of 30% of the current market value or $3.00 per share for common stock purchased on margin. LPL applies other standards for other types of securities. For example, securities may be ineligible for margin credit from time to time. For information with respect to general margin maintenance policy as to municipal bonds, corporate bonds, listed United States Treasury notes and bonds, mutual funds, and other securities, as well as information about the eligibility of particular securities for margin credit, please contact your Advisor. Notwithstanding the above general policies, LPL reserves the right, at its discretion, to require the LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 11

deposit of additional collateral and to set required margin at a higher or lower amount with respect to particular accounts or classes of accounts as it deems necessary. In making these determinations, LPL may take into account various factors including the size of the account, liquidity of a position, unusual concentrations of securities in an account, or a decline in credit worthiness. If you fail to meet a margin call in a timely manner, some or all of your positions may be liquidated. 11. CREDIT INVESTIGATION LPL may exchange credit information about you with others. LPL may request a credit report on you and upon request LPL will state the name and address of the consumer reporting agency that furnished it. If LPL extends, updates or renews your credit, LPL may request a new credit report without telling you. GENERAL TERMS 1. SCOPE AND TRANSFERABILITY This agreement shall cover individually and collectively all accounts you may open or reopen with LPL, and shall inure to the benefit of LPL's successors whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, and assigns, and LPL may transfer your Account to its successors and assigns, and this agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of the undersigned. 2. ACCOUNT REGISTRATION You have chosen your account registration based on your personal requirements. You certify that the titling of your Account is allowed under pertinent state laws. LPL has no obligation to verify the legality of any registration under the probate, estate, or transfer laws of the state where this Account is being opened or to determine which state laws are applicable. 3. JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY; JOINT ACCESS If more than one individual is establishing the Account with LPL, the obligations of all persons establishing such account under this agreement shall be joint and several. If this is a joint account, each of you signing this agreement (each a joint owner ) agrees that each joint owner shall have authority to (I) buy, sell (including short sales, if the Account is approved for short selling), and otherwise deal in, through LPL as a broker, securities and/or other property on margin or otherwise, (II) to receive confirmations, statements and communications of every kind related to the Account, (III) to receive and dispose of money, securities and/or other property in the Account, (IV) to make, terminate, or modify this agreement and any other written agreement relating to the Account or waive any of the provisions of such agreements, (V) to give instructions or grant or revoke authorizations related to the Account, and (VI) generally to deal with LPL as if each of you alone was the sole owner of the Account, all without notice to the other joint owner(s). Each of you agrees that notice to any joint owner shall be deemed to be notice to all joint owners. LPL may follow the instructions of any of the joint owners concerning the Account and make delivery to any of the joint owners of any and all securities and/or other property in the Account, and make payments to any of the joint owners, of any or all moneys in the Account as any of the joint owners may order and direct, even if such deliveries and/or payments shall be made to one of the joint owners personally. LPL shall be under no obligation to inquire into the purpose of any such demand for such deliveries and/or payments. In the event of the death of any of the joint owners, the surviving joint owner(s) shall immediately give LPL written notice thereof. The estate of any deceased joint owner shall be liable and each survivor will be liable, jointly and severally, to LPL for any debt or loss in the Account resulting from the completion of transactions initiated prior to LPL s receipt of a written notice of such death or debt or loss incurred in the liquidation of the account or the adjustment of the interests of the joint owners. LPL reserves the right to require written instructions from all account holders, at its discretion. 4. SEPARABILITY If any provision or condition of this agreement shall be held to be invalid or unenforceable by any court, or regulatory or selfregulatory agency or body, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision or condition. The validity of the LPL FINANCIAL LLC Page 12