Lithuanian R&D Landscape Kristina Masevičiūtė WIDENING LITHUANIAN RESEARCH POTENTIAL November 21, 2017
RESEARCH AND HIGHER EDUCATION MONITORING AND ANALYSIS CENTRE (MOSTA) LEGAL STATUS: Public institution OWNER: The Office of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania WHAT WE DO: monitor, evaluate and provide evidence-based policy recommendations regarding the implementation and process of: Higher education Research Innovation Human resources
OUTLINE Context data and indicators Key R&D indicators R&D funding Human resources Publications & Patents/Horizon 2020 Summary
CONTEXT DATA & INDICATORS: R&D LANDSCAPE Universities: 14 state/8 private Research institutes:13 state/ 9 private *Colleges: 13 state/ 10 private 1st in the EU for share of tertiary education graduates in the population aged 30-34 - 58,7%, (EU goal 40%, average 39,1%) 125 452 students Almost 400 PhD graduates every year 8375 FTE researchers 23 % researchers in business and industry (FTE) In the period of 2007 2013 huge investments were made into public R&D infrastructure (total of ~268 mln. Eur). The main principle of creation of infrastructure referred to the evaluation of research and HE areas with largest potential of the strongest groups of researchers. R&D Intensity 0,74% (Goal for 2020 1,9%) In European Innovation Scoreboard 2017 Lithuania 16 th position (from 24th in 2016). Lithuania's innovation performance has increased by 21% since 2010. The strengths: Human resources, innovation friendly environment, linkages. Source: Statistics Lithuania, Eurostat, MOSTA, 2016
EXPENDITURE Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) as percentage of GDP % 3 3,0 1,97 2,01 2,03 0,90 0,89 0,95 2011 2012 2013 1,93 LT 0,80 0,79 0,83 0,78 2010 1,0 1,94 2009 1,5 1,78 1,85 2008 2,0 EU 27 2007 2,5 2,04 2,03 1,03 1,04 2,16 1,9 0,98 0,74 0,5 Source: Eurostat, Statistics Lithuania EU28 2016 2015 2020 target Business 2020 forecast HE&GOV 2014 0,0
EXPENDITURE R&D expenditure (GERD) by sources of funds Government sector International R&D funding (mainly EU Funds) decreased from 34% to 11% 43,6% 35,3% 31% In Lithuania R&D is mainly funded from government sector, while EU28 Business sector 12,6% 11% 28,5% Business 55% EU28 2015 Source: Eurostat 34,3% 40,8% Abroad LT 2016 LT 2015
EXPENDITURE HES and Business R&D expenditure by sources of funds 2015 HES received from Business Business received from Government UK FI SK SI RO PT PL AT NL MT HU LU LT LV CY IT HR ES EL IE EE DE DK CZ BG BE EU28 The share of HE sector R&D expenditures received from business is one of the highest in EU The share of Business sector R&D expenditures received from government sector is among the lowest EU 0,10 0,05 0,00 0,05 0,10 % of GDP Source: Eurostat, Statistics Lithuania 0,15 0,20 0,25
R&D PERSONNEL Number of researchers in FTE Number of R&D staff in Lithuania has grown over the decade, but compared to the employed population, remains 40 % lower the EU average The total number of researchers FTE decreased slightly in 2014 and did not reached its size so far Source: Statistics Lithuania Thous. 10 100% 90% 9 80% 8 70% 7 60% 6 50% 5 40% 4 30% 3 20% 2 10% 1 0% 0 2007 2008 2009 Business 2010 2011 2012 Government 2013 2014 2015 HE Total 2016
R&D PERSONNEL Researchers in FTE by Field of Science in HE and Government Sectors The highest share of researchers in Social sciences, Technological sciences 100% 8000 90% 7000 80% 6000 70% 5000 60% 50% 4000 40% 3000 30% 2000 20% 1000 10% 0% Source: Statistics Lithuania 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Physical Sciences Technology Humani es Social sciences Agricultural Science Medical Sciences Other Biomedical Total 0
R&D PERSONNEL Doctoral students The highest share of PhD graduates in Social sciences and Biomedical sciences 3% Foreign doctoral students (OECD average 27%) Source: Statistics Lithuania 100% 500 90% 450 80% 400 70% 350 60% 300 50% 250 40% 200 30% 150 20% 100 10% 50 0% 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Physical Sciences Technology Humani es Social Sciences Biomedical Sciences Agricultural Sciences Total doctoral graduates
OUTWARD MOBILITY EU27 PL CZ 31% of post-phd researchers in the EU27 have worked abroad (EU or worldwide) as researchers for more than three months at least once during the last ten years. BG LT >3 months mobility within last 10 years HR RO LV MT IT FR EE PT SK TR Lithuania 18 % ES SI GR HU IE SE FI CY DE AT NL BE LU DK 0% Source: MORE 2, 2012. http://www.more-2.eu/ 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Lithuania s researchers productivity, compared to other EU countries, is high if compared number of publications per researcher(fte) Cita on per document 1,0 0,9 NL 0,8 UK; 1015 0,7 Lithuania s international collaboration is expanding DE IT ES 0,6 Lithuania, as well as many other new EU member states, lags far behind the old EU member states in international collaboration and citations DK EE; 162 0,5 LT; 133 PL; 371 0,4 0,2 CZ; 294 HR RO 0,3 30% 35% SI LV; 104 40% EL SE FI; 443 IE BE AT CY FR PT HU MT BG SK Circle size: number of documents H index 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% Interna onal publica ons % Interna onal Collabora on 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source: SCImago. (2007). SJR SCImago Journal & Country Rank. Retrieved, from http://www.scimagojr.com 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Scientific articles co-authorship Main cooperating countries Germany, USA, Italy, UK, Spain, Poland SUOMIJA 223 44 NORVEGIJA 87 ŠVEDIJA ESTIJA 4 20 172 169 LATVIJA DANIJA 149 57 RUSIJA 210 38 21 BALTARUSIJA AIRIJA 137 LENKIJA NYDERLANDAI D. BRITANIJA 114 293 BELGIJA 189 VOKIETIJA 376 44 ČEKIJA 268 ŠVEICARIJA 218 188 SLOVĖNIJA 40 JAV ISPANIJA 354 PORTUGALIJA 186 285 4 182 AUSTRIJA PRANCŪZIJA 279 31 176 166 7 25 16 132 304 UKRAINA VENGRIJA KROATIJA ITALIJA 126 5 5 SERBIJA 23 139 GRUZIJA BULGARIJA 103 21 138 17 58 TURKIJA GRAIKIJA 169 156 33 ARMĖNIJA 93 16 IRANAS KIPRAS 113 KOLUMBIJA 112 129 19 128 EGIPTAS 105 16 32 SAUDO ARABIJA 91 Source: THOMSON REUTERS, WEB OF SCIENCE, 2016 9 PAKISTANAS BRAZILIJA KINIJA 161 MEKSIKA 116 11 KATARAS 91 INDIJA 112 13 47 PIETŲ KORĖJA 116 13 TAIVANAS 124 23 TAILANDAS AUSTRALIJA 110 13 27 104 20 87 ŠRI LANKA 10 92 13 MALAIZIJA 28 129 NAUJOJI ZELANDIJA 113 17
EPO PATENT APPLICATIONS per million of inhabitants by billion EUR of Business R&D expenditure LV CY NL LT RO FI SE DE IT PL EU28 FR AT DK EL ES BE HU BG SI EE LU IE CZ MT PT HR Relatively low number EPO patent applications Lithuania looks very good when comparing the number of applications to business R&D expenditure 1000 Source: Eurostat, 2014 500 0 500 1000 1500
HORIZON 2020 RESULTS The ratio between participants and coordinators is increasing 32,4 mln. Eur 11,9 for Lithuania from Horizon 2020 The share of EC funding per one participant is the lowest from EU28 Success rate Thousand eur 600 Horizontas 2020 500 400 300 142 200 100 0 DE NL UK FR SE BE FI DK IE AT ES IT LU PT EL HU SI CY EE CZ SK PL LV MT BG RO HR LT EU28
SUMMARY Strengths and opportunities The size of the public research sector. Majority of R&D activities are carried out by public research organisations. Still good supply of new graduates (Bachelor, Master) Upgraded public research infrastructure from 2007-2013 funds Challenges Dispersed research resources Insufficient R&D funding/r&d funding relies too greatly on EU Funds Unattractive conditions for researchers career Weak internationalization of the national research system
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