Tables and Charts Numbers Title of Tables Page Number 3.1 Human Development Index of Meghalaya and other North Eastern States on the basis of All-India Ranking, 2005 90 3.2 Human Development Indices and the Ranking of Districts of Meghalaya on the basis of Human Development Index, 2008 91 3.3 Particulars of Three Sampled Districts of Meghalaya: 2009 94 3.4 Particulars of Six Sampled Development Blocks of Meghalaya, 2009 94 3.5 Gender-wise Distribution and Marital Status of Sample Respondents in Meghalaya, 2009-2010 (In Numbers) 98 3.6 Age-wise Distribution of Sample Respondents: Block-wise and Place of Residence-wise in Meghalaya, 2009-2010 (In Numbers) 99 3.7 A Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 1972-73 to 1980-81 108 3.7B Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 1981-82 to 1990-91 110 3.7C Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 1991-92 to 2000-01 112 3.7D Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 2001-02 to 2007-08 114 3.8 Plan and Non-plan Expenditure on Education by Central and State Governments: 1992-93 to 2003-04 118 4.1 Number of Educational Institutions in Meghalaya (Schools), 2001-02 (In Number) 129 4.2 District-Wise Distribution of Schools of Different Categories in Meghalaya (2002, 2005) (In Numbers) 130 4.3 Distribution of schools in Meghalaya by Distance from Habitations (2003) (Percentage) 131 v
4.4 Availability of Infrastructure in Schools in Meghalaya, 2003 132 4.5A Growth in Literacy in Khasi-Jaintia and Garo Region of Assam: 1911-21 (In Numbers) 136 4.5B Growth in Literacy in Khasi-Jaintia and Garo Region of Assam: 1931-41 (In Numbers) 137 4.6 Literacy Rate among Major Schedule Tribes in Meghalaya, Census 2001 142 4.7 Literacy Rate in Meghalaya: Rural-Urban District-wise, 1971-2001(In Percent) 144 4.8 District-wise Decadal Growth Rate in Literacy in Meghalaya: 1971-2001 (In Percentage) 149 4.9 Spearman's Rank Correlation coefficient of District-wise Decadal Growth Rate in Literacy in Meghalaya: 1971-81 and 1981-91; 1981-91and 1991-2001 151 4.10 Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient of District-wise Male - Female Literacy Rate, Meghalaya: 1991 and 2001 152 4.11 Male-Female Literacy Rates and Percentage Change Literacy in Meghalaya: District-wise, 1991, 2001 154 4.12 Educational Status of the Sample Respondents: Gender-wise, 2009-2010 157 4.13 Educational attainment of the Sample Respondents: Block-wise and Place of Residence-wise, 2009-2010 159 4.14 Educational attainment of Sample Respondents: Gender-Wise, Block-wise and Place of Residence-wise 2009-2010 161 4.15 Cross-Tabulation of Annual Private Expenditure on Education incurred by the Sample Respondents and their educational level (Numbers) 162 5.1 District-wise Per Capita Income at Constant Prices (1999-2000) and Average Annual Growth during 1993-04 to 2007-08 in Meghalaya (In Rupees) 168 5.2 Result of the Correlation Exercise of Aggregate Secondary Data of Literacy Rate and Per Capita Income of Meghalaya, 1993-94 to 2007-08 172 vi
5.3 Result of the Regression Analysis of the Aggregate Secondary Data of Literacy Rate and Per Capita Income of Meghalaya, 1993-94 to 2007-08 174 5.4A Work Force Participation in the Districts of Meghalaya: 1981 176 5.4B Work Force Participation in the Districts of Meghalaya: 1991 177 5.4C Work Force Participation in the Districts of Meghalaya: 2001 178 5.5 Distribution of Main and Marginal Workers in the Districts of Meghalaya: 2001(Percentage) 180 5.6 Regression Analysis Result: Per Capita Income of the People as Dependent Variable Aggregate Workforce Participation as Independent Variable 182 5.7 Cross-tabulation of Size-class of Daily Earnings of Sample Respondents and Distribution in Six Sample Blocks: 2009-2010 (In numbers) 183 5.8 Cross-tabulation of Size-class of Monthly Earnings of Sample Respondents and their Distribution in Six Sample Blocks: 2009-2010 (In numbers) 184 5.9 Cross-tabulation of Size-class of Monthly Earnings and Literacy Level of the Sample Respondents: 2009-2010 (In numbers) 185 5.10 Contingency Coefficient of Cross-tabulation of Monthly Earnings and Literacy Level of the Sample Respondents: 2009-2010 186 5.11 Block-wise Additional Income of the Sample Respondents:2009-2010 (In Rupees) 189 5.12 Cross-tabulation of Size-Class of Additional Income during the Year and Literacy Level of the Sample Respondents: 2009-2010 (In numbers) 190 5.13 Contingency Coefficient of Cross-tabulation of Additional Income and Literacy Level of the Sample Respondents: 2009-2010 191 5.14 Employment Status of the Sample Respondents in Blocks of Meghalaya: 2009-2010 (In numbers & Percentage) 197 5.15 Cross-tabulation of Literacy-level and Employment Categories among Sample Respondents in vii
Meghalaya: 2009-2010 200 6.1 Average Value of Social and Economic Particulars of Meghalaya, 1971-2008 207 6.2 Distribution of the Sample Respondents of Meghalaya: Private-Educational-Expense-wise and Educational-Level-wise Cross Tabulation, 2009-2010 210 6.3 Distribution of the Number of Sample Respondents of Meghalaya: Literacy-level-wise and Employment-status-wise Cross-tabulation, 2009-2010 212 6.4 Employment Status of the Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: Gender-wise and Block-wise, 2009-2010 (In Numbers and Percentage) 214 6.5 Result of Regression Exercise of Aggregate Secondary Data: Decadal Growth in Per Capita Income and Literacy, 1993-94 to 2003-04 218 6.6 Pearson Correlations Coefficient Values: Sample Monthly Earnings and Non-Earning Variables in Meghalaya, 2009-2010 221 6.7 Regression Statistics with Annual Earnings of Sample Households in Meghalaya as the Dependent Variable, 2009-2010 223 6.8 Summary of Regression Analysis with Annual Earnings of Sample Households in Meghalaya as the Dependent Variable, 2009-2010 224 224 6.9 Statistics of Income Gini Co-efficient in Meghalaya, 2009-2010 232 6.10 Aggregate Unemployment Rate in Meghalaya: 1983 to 2004-05. (In Percentage) 233 6.11 Educated Applicants in the Live Register of Employment Exchange in Meghalaya: 1972-2006 234 6.12 Unemployment Rate in Meghalaya and other North Eastern States: 2001 (In Percentage) 235 6.13 Unemployment Rate According to Educational Status of the Unemployed in Meghalaya: 1993-94, 1999-2000, 2004-05 236 6.14 Drop-out Rates of students in Classes I X in Meghalaya: 2001-02 to 2005-06, Percentage 239 viii
Numbers Title of Charts Page Number 3.1 Gross State Domestic Product of Meghalaya at Constant Prices: 2000-01 to 2011-12 (Rupees in Crores) 88 3.2 Meghalaya Aggregate Population Size of the Study Area in 2009, (Number of Persons) 97 3.3 Sample Population Size of study Area in 2009, (Number of Persons) 97 3.4A Gender-Wise Distribution of the People of the Study Area in 2009-2010 (Numbers) 99 3.4B Gender-Wise Distribution of Literate Aggregate Population of the Study Area 2009-2010 (Percentage) 99 3.5 Monthly School Fees of the Sample Respondents in 2009-2010 (Percentage) 102 3.6 Annual Educational Expenses other than School Fees incurred by the Sample Respondents, 2009-2010 (Percentage) 103 3.7A Percentage Changes in Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 1972-73 to 1980-81 109 3.7B Percentage Changes in Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 1980-81 to 1990-91 111 3.7C Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 1991-92 to 2000-01 113 3.7D Public Expenditure on Education by the Government of Meghalaya: 2000-01 to 2007-08 115 3.8 Plan and Non-Plan Expenditure on Education (Revenue Account):1990-91 to 2005-06 117 4.1 State-wise Cost of Primary Education Per Student in Rupees 134 4.2 Rural Literacy, 7+ yrs in Meghalaya Census 2001, Census 2011 (In Percent) 145 4.3 Urban Literacy, 7+ yrs in Meghalaya Census 2001, Census 2011 145 4.4 District-wise Literacy Rate (7+ years) in Meghalaya: Census 2001(In Percentage) 148 ix
4.5 Educational Statuses of the Sample Respondents Residence-Wise (Percentage) 2009-2010 156 4.6 Educational Attainment Levels of the Sample Respondents Gender-wise: 2009-2010 (In Percentage) 158 4.7 Educational Attainment Level of the Sample Respondents: 2009-2010 (In Percentage) 158 5.1 Trend in the Growth of Per Capita Income in Meghalaya: 1999-00 to 2005-06 (In Rupees) 166 5.2 Trend in the Growth of Per Capita Income in Meghalaya: 2001-02 to 2006-07 (In Percent) 167 5.3 Meghalaya District-wise Per Capita Income: 2007-08 (Rupees) 170 5.4 Per Capita Income in Meghalaya and other North-eastern States: 2004-05 (In Rupees) 171 5.5 Workforce Participation Rate in Meghalaya, North Eastern States and India in 2001 179 5.6 Employment in Public and Private sector in Meghalaya 1990-91, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03 181 5.7 Educational Attainment and Monthly Earnings of Sample Respondents (Percentage): 2009-2010 187 5.8 Monthly Earnings Profile of Sample Respondents: Gender-wise (In Rupees):2009-2010 188 5.9 Workforce Participation Rate of the Sample Respondents (2009-2010), Meghalaya, India (2001) 192 5.10 Gender-wise Workforce Participation of the Sample Respondents in Meghalaya, 2009-2010 193 5.11 Gender-wise and Educational Level-wise Workforce Participation among the Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: (2009-2010) 194 5.12 Workforce Participation of Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: Gender-wise, 2009-2010 195 5.13 Employment Status of the Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: Block-wise and Sector-wise, 2009-2010 (In Numbers) 198 x
5.14 Employment Pattern among the Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: 2009-2010 (In percentage) 199 5.15 Employment Pattern among Salaried Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: 2009-2010 (In Percentage) 199 6.1 Employment Status of the Sample Respondents in Meghalaya: Block-wise and Sector of Employment-wise, 2009-2010 (In Numbers) 216 6.2 Lorenz Curves of the Six Sampled Blocks in Meghalaya: 2009-2010 231 6.3 Reasons for Discontinuing Studies by Sample Respondents: 2007-2008 (Percentage) 241 xi
Numbers Title of Maps Page Numbers 3.1 Map of Meghalaya 83 3.2 Map of Meghalaya: Sampled Locations 93 xii