Employment in TokyoLabor Force Labor Force Labor Force Participation Rate in Tokyo Has Been Tending to Increase in Recent Years Labor Force Status Varies by Sex and Age (1, ) 1,8.9 Labor force participation rate (right axis) Tokyo 1,. nationwide 1, 1, 1, 8 1,38. 38. 3.8 19. Population aged 1 by labor force status and labor force participation rate Population aged 1 years (Tokyo) Not in labor force Unemployed Employed 7.. 9.. 1,19. 1,.7 7.. 3 1 3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 Note: Figures for nationwide for 11 are supplementary-estimated fi gures. Source: TMG, MIC Labour Force Survey. 8.1 7. 79. 1 (1, ) 1 1 1 1 8 7. 3. Population aged 1 by sex, age, and labor foce status (Tokyo, 1).9.1 8.8 19.8. 1.9 11. 8.7...1 9.1. Employed (mostly worked) Employed (others) Unemployed Note: Employed (others) is total of worked besides doing housework, worked besides attending school and absent from work. Source: MIC Population Census 7. 3.9 8.3 18. Not in labor force (Did housework, attending school) Not in labor force (others) Unknown 8.1.9 9.1 9.1 7.8 3. 1. 1- -3 3- - - 1.1 1. 7.9 19. 8. 8.7 17. 9. 7.3 18.3 17. 8.8.1 3.. 17. 1.8. 13. 1.8. 11.3 1- -3 3- - - Percentage of Labor Force Aged 3 or under in Total Labor Force Has Been Decreasing in Recent Years Number of Employees of Information and Communications in Tokyo Accounts for Over % Relative of Whole Country Composition ratio of Labor Force by age (Tokyo) Number of employed and percentage in the whole country by industry (Tokyo, 1) 1.1 million.8 million 11 7. million 1 7.7 million 8 1 1-9.1 8.3 7. 7.3-3..9 Source: TMG Labour Force Survey 19..7 3-. - 1.1 17.7 19. 1. - 17. 1.3 7. 1.9.1. 1. 9.8.8 8. 8.9 (1, ) 199. 1 1.1 Percentage in the whole country (right axis) 1.1 1.7 83.3 3..1 88.9 3 71..1 78.8 1.9 1. 7.7 1....7 1.7 1. 3. 1. 3.1 3. 1 1.3 11. 7.8 All industries total Wholesale and retail Trade Real estate and goods rental and leasing Scientific research, professional and technical services Accommodations, eating and drinking services Living-related and personal services and amusement services Note: The Divisions (major industrial groups) which have 1 thousand employees or more are listed. Source: MIC Economic Census for Business Frame Medical, health care and welfare Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment Status Employment in TokyoEmployment Status Regular Employee Ratios Both in and Came Down Relative to Years Ago Non-Regular Staff Ratio is on the Rise Regular employee ratio by sex and age (Tokyo, 1987, and 1) Non-regular staff ratio by sex 1 9.1 71.8 8 8.1.9. 7.7 1987 1 7. 73.3 3.1 3.. 3. 3 1.3. Tokyo(total) 7.. Tokyo(male) 1.8 Nationwide(male) 11.1.9..9 33. 31.9 19.1 1.3 1.3 3. 3.7 Nationwide(female) 7. Tokyo(female) 1.9 Nationwide(total) 38. 3.7 1.7. 19.9.1 1- -3 3- - - 1- -3 3- - - 1997 7 1 Note: Percentage to the number of employees except executives of company or corporation Source: MIC, TMG Employment Status Survey Note: Percentage to the number of employees except executives of company or corporation Source: MIC, TMG Employment Status Survey Number of Foreign Workers is on the Rise (1, ) 1 1 8 Number of foreign workers by country (nationwide).3 7.3. 1..9..9 Others G7/8 etc. Peru Brazil Vietnam Philippines South Korea Nepal 9.8 1..1. 9.7 3.9 11. 1.7.1 China (including Hong Kong, etc.) 3.3 18. 13.9.7. 1.7.3 17. 1.8.8 3. 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 Tokyo 333 thousand Nationwide 1,8 thousand Foreign Workers engaged in Information and Communications and Accommodation, Eating and Drinking Services in Tokyo Account for a High Percentage Relative to the Whole Country 1 3 7 8 9 1.3. 3.8 Composition ratio of number of foreign workers by industry (1) Accommodations, eating and Wholesale drinking services and retail trade 1.8 19. 1.9 31.. 1.9 1.1.. 1. Services, n.e.c. 1. Others 19. 1.3 Note: Figures are as of end of October each year. Figures for Vietnam are from 1. Figures for Nepal are from 1. Countries of G7/8 etc. consist of UK, USA, Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Russia, Australia and New Zealand. Source: MHLW Situation of Notifi ed Foreign National Employment Status Note: Figures are as of end of October. Source: MHLW Situation of Notifi ed Foreign National Employment Status Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoJob Openings, Job Applications and Unemployment Job Openings, Job Applications and Unemployment Unemployment Rate Has Been Improving for Consecutive Years Ratio of Persons Who Found Employment Has a Trend to Increase Unemployment rate and number of unemployed Number of who found employment and employment rate (1, ).9 3 1.1 3.8 Nationwide Unemployment rate (right axis) Tokyo Number of unemployed (Tokyo) 3. 3. 3. 7. 3.1 3. 1998 99 1 3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 1 (1, ) 3 3.3 33. 33.7 3 Employment ratio (right axis).7 1.8 1 1 Persons who found employment (Tokyo) Nationwide Tokyo 8.3 1. Non-regular employees 7.9 Regular employees.7 7.9 13.3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 7.3. 3 3 1 1 Note: Figures are annual averages. Nationwide unemployment rate for 11 is the complementary-estimated fi gures. Source: MIC, TMG Labour Force Survey Note: Ratio of who found employment = number of employed / number of new job applicants 1 As for number of who found employment, regular employees and non-regular employees are indicated separately from 8. Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau, MHLW statistics 3 Job Openings-to-applicants Ratio Has Been Increasing in Recent Years (Times) Job openings-to-applicants ratio (new and active) by type of employment (Tokyo) New job openings-to-applicants ratio (Full-time) Active job openings-to-applicants ratio (Full-time) New job openings-to-applicants ratio (Part-time) Active job openings-to-applicants ratio (Part-time).3...81.73 1 8 Number of Hired Employees Has Been Exceeding Number of Separated Employees for Consecutive Years (1, ) 1 1 Number of separated employees Number of hired employees 1.1 1 97.. Numbers of hired employees and separated employees (Tokyo) Part-time employee 19. 1. 11. 8. 13. 3.1 1.8.3 1.7 13.1 1.3 1.7 1 1.7.7 1 3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 Full-time 3.7 employees 7.7 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau statistics Note: Establishments with regular employees or more Source: MHLW Survey on Employment Trends Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Wages and Working Hours Employment in TokyWages and Working Hours (1, yen) 7.8 3 1 Total Cash Earnings are High in Finance and Insurance 1.9 Average monthly cash earnings per person (Tokyo, 1). Scheduled cash earnings Special cash earnings Non-scheduled cash earnings Note: Establishment with employees or more Source: TMG Monthly Labour Survey (Hours) 1 9. Long Working Hours in, Transport and Postal etc..8 3.8 All industries (By industry) Wholesale and retail trade Real estate and goods rental and leasing Scientific research, professional and technical services Accommodations, eating and drinking services Living-related and personal services and amusement services Medical, healthcare and welfare (By size of establishment) -9 3-99 1-99 employees or more (By type of employment) Full-time employees Part-time employees 1. Total hours worked per month (Tokyo, 1) 173. 1. 19. 19.8 1.9 Non-scheduled hours worked 1. 1. 13.1 (1, yen) 3 1 Wage Gap between and and between Regular and Non-Regular Staff Become Wider with years of continuous employment 7. 17.7 9. 3. 3.1 77. 188. Monthly scheduled cash earnings by type of employment (nationwide, 1) Non-regular staff Regular staff 9.9 1-3- -9 1-1 1-19 - -9 3 years Note: Establishment with 1 employees or more. The above comparison is based on scheduled cash earnings of regular employees. Source: MHLW Basic Survey on Wage Structure (Hours) 19 Workers in Their s and 3 s, Workers in Their s Work Long Hours Monthly total hours worked by age and sex (Tokyo, 1) 1 83. 18 18 18 18 178 All industries (By industry) Wholesale and retail trade Real estate and goods rental and leasing Scientific research, professional and technical services Accommodations, eating and drinking services Living-related and personal services and amusement services Medical, healthcare and welfare (By size of establishment) -9 3-99 1-99 employees or more (By type of employment) Full-time employees Part-time employees Note Establishment with employees or more Source: TMG Monthly Labour Survey 17 1 17 17 17 18 - -9 3-3 3-39 - -9 - -9 - Note: Establishments with 1 employees or more. Figures above are total of scheduled hours worked and Non-scheduled hours worked of regular employees Source: MHLW Basic Survey on Wage Structure Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoEmployment of Young People Employment of Young People Percentage of Young Employed Persons in Youth Population is on the Rise Active Job Openings-to-applicants Ratio of Young Persons Continues to Rise Number of young employed by age group (Tokyo) Active job openings-to-applicants ratio for young by age group (Tokyo) 8 Percentage of young employed among youth population 1.8.3 8. 33. 8. 9. Percentage of young employed among total employed (Times) 3....31. (1, ) 19. 1 1. Number of young employed Employed aged to 3 19. 11. 18. 13.1. 1. 1. 1.31 1.31 1. to Entire ages 1.39 1. 1. 1. 1.3 1. 1 3.7 Employed aged 1 to 3..9. to 9 3 to 3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 Note: Young are those aged 1 to 3 Source: TMG Labour Force Survey Note: Figures above are as of October of each year. Young are those aged to 3. Entire ages are total of all age groups with 1. Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau materials 1 1 8 Youth Unemployment Rate is Higher than Total Unemployment Rate... 1 to Youth unemployment rate by age group (Tokyo) Entire ages to 3.8. 3..8 3.7 3. 1 9 9 Employment Rate of Students Newly Graduated from High Schools and Colleges / Universities Tends to Increase 9.3 9. 9.8 Employment rate of students newly graduated from high schools and colleges / universities College / university (nationwide) High school (nationwide) 9.7 High school (Tokyo) 97. 9.7 98. 97.7 97.3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 Note: Young are those aged 1 to 3. Entire ages are total of all age groups with 1. Source: TMG Labour Force Survey Note: Graduation in March each year. Figures for high school are as of the end of March and fi gures for college / university are as of April 1st. Source: MHLW/ MEXT materials Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoEmployment of Senior Citizens Employment of Senior Citizens 3 1 1 A Quarter of Employed Persons are Years Old and Over.8 17. 8. (1, ) 19.1 1.3 11.8 Percentage in all employed Total employed aged to Number of employed to.7 1.3 1. 7.. 1. 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 9.9 18. 18. 73.8 1. 1. Years Old and Over Accounts for About % of Persons Engaged in Work in Real Estate and Goods Rental and Leasing Number of employed aged, and percentage in all employed by age (Tokyo) Number and percentage of engaged in work aged by industry and age (Tokyo, 1) (1, ) 7 to 7 Percentage of engaged in work 3 aged in all to 9 engaged in work (right axis) 9. to to 9 3.8 1 1.7 All industries total 9..8 8. 7.3.7 Wholesale and retail trade 11. Real estate and goods rental and leasing 3. Scientific research, professional and technical services 7 3.3 Accommodations, eating and drinking services 9.3 Living-related and personal services and amusement services.9. Medical, health care and welfare 3 1 Source: TMG Labour Force Survey Source: MIC Employment Status Survey Unemployment Rate of Persons to Years Old is on the Decline in the Long Term Unemployment rate of engaged in work aged by age group (nationwide) Labor Force Participation Rate of Senior Citizens in Japan is Higher Compared with Western Countries Labor force participation rate by country and age group (worldwide, 1) 9 8.1 8 9 8. 8 7 to 7 3 1 Entire ages..1. to 9 over 3. 3. 3.1.8.. 1.9 3 1 UK France Germany USA South Korea Japan 8. 1 3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1-9 - -9 7-7 7 Note: Entire ages is the unemployment rate of total number of unemployed aged 1. Source: MIC Labour Force Survey Note: There are some cases where the fi gures cannot be compared with each other because statistical defi nitions and research methods differ from country to country. Source: Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training Databook of International Labour Statistics Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoEmployment of Women Employment of Women Number of s Engaged in Work Has a Trend to Increase s Account For a High Percentage of Employed Persons in Medical, Health Care and Welfare Number and percentage of females engaged in work (Tokyo) Number and percentage of employed females by industry (Tokyo, 1) (1, ). Percentage of females (right axis) 1. 33.7 311. 3 3 9.3 Number of females engaged in work 3 18. (1, ) 7 3 1. 1 Percentage of females (right axis) 9 31.9 33 8.9. 7 8 8.1 7.7 17 3... 39.9 37. 81 178 1 11 7. 7 3. 1 1977 8 87 9 97 7 1 1 1 Wholesale and retail trade Real estate and goods rental and leasing Scientific research, professional and technical services Accommodations, eating and drinking services Living-related and personal services and amusement services Medical, health care and welfare Source: MIC Employment Status Survey Source: TMG Labour Force Survey As for Type of Employment of Women, Number of Irregular Staff Exceeds Number of Regular Staff for Women Aged s and Over Number of engaged in work by age, status in employment and type of employment (Tokyo, 1) 1 Labor Force Participation Ratio Declines in Their 3 s in Japan labor force participation ratio by country and age group (worldwide, / 1) (1, ) (1, ) 3 1 1 3 Non - Regular staff 1. 1. 1-19 - 1. 1.3.1 3.3-9. 3.8 3-3.1.7 1.3 1. 3.3.9..9 3-39 - -9-17.9 1.1 13.9 9. 7. 1. 1. 9...8-9.9 8.. 9. 7.. -.7 9.3.8. 11. 13..1. 7.3 Self-employed workers Executive of company or corporation Part-time workers Dispatched workers from temporary labour agency Others Source: MIC Employment Status Survey Non - Regular staff Family workers Regular staff Arbeit (temporary workers) Contract employees, entrusted employees 9 8 7 3 1 Japan (1) USA (1) Sweden (1) Japan () USA () Sweden () 1-19 - -9 3-3 3-39 - -9 - -9 - Note: There are some cases where the fi gures cannot be compared with each other because statistical defi nitions and research methods differ from country to country. Figures of USA and fi gures of Sweden in are 1 and over. Source: Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training Databook of International Labour Statistics Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoEmployment of Persons with Disabilities Employment of Persons with Disabilities 1 1 1 1 Number of Employed Persons with Disabilities Continues to Increase Number of employed with disabilities at private companies (Tokyo) (1, ) 18 1. 1. Persons with mental disabilities Persons with intellectual disabilities 1. 1..9 17. 1. 3... 1. The Larger the Company is, the Higher the Actual Employment Rate of Persons with Disabilities is 1.81 1.3 1. Actual employment rate of with disabilities by size of company Tokyo (1, employees or more) [Legal employment rate.]. 1.88 1.81 1.8 1. Tokyo(3 to 999 employees).9 1.9 1.8 1.7 8 1. 1.3 1. 1. Persons with physical disabilities 1.3 1...87 Tokyo( to 99 employees) Tokyo (Overall) Nationwide (Overall) 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 Note: Figures are as of June 1st each year. Due to system revisions, fi gures until 1 and those from 11 cannot be simply compared. Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau materials 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 Note: Figures are as of June 1st each year. Due to system revisions, fi gures until 1 and those from 11 cannot be simply compared. Overall means companies with employees or more until 1 and companies with employees or more from 13. Companies with to 99 employees are used in place of companies with to 99 employees until 1. Source: MHLW materials, Tokyo Labor Bureau materials All industries total The Most Number of Employees with Disabilities are employed in Number of employed with disabilities and actual employment rate by industry (Tokyo, 1). 1.97 1.98. [Legal employment rate.] 1.99 1.9. 1.8 1.7 1. 1.9 1.8 1.7. 1. 1.8 1.7 1. 1.8 (1, ).1 Actual employment rate 3. 3 7. Persons with mental disabilities Persons with intellectual disabilities 9. 3. Persons with physical disabilities. 3..9.8 1..9 1 13.3 1.8 1. 19.. 7.7 8. 13. 1. 7. 11.8.8 1. 7.9 3.1.. 3..9. 3..7. Electricity, gas, heat supply and water Wholesale and retail trade Real estate and goods rental and leasing Scientific, research, professional and technical services Accommodations, eating and drinking services Living-related and personal services and amusement services Note Figures are as of June 1st. Agriculture, forestry, fi sheries and Mining and quarrying of stone and gravel are excluded. Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau materials Medical, health care and welfare Compound services Many among Employed Persons with Physical or Intellectual Disabilities Work in, and Many among Employed Persons with Mental Disabilities Work in Service, n.e.c. Composition ratio of number of employed with disabilities by industry (Tokyo, 1) Persons with physical disabilities 1. thousand Persons with intellectual disabilities 31.7 thousand Persons with mental disabilities 1. thousand 8 1.7 1.3.3 11. Medical, health care and welfare Electricity, gas, heat supply and water Information and communications Wholesale and retail trade Real estate and goods rental and leasing Scientific, research, professional and technical services Accommodations, eating and drinking services Living-related and personal services and amusement services Medical, health care and welfare Compound services Others Note: Figures are as of June 1st. Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, Mining and quarrying of stone and gravel and Industries unable to classify are included in Others. Source: Tokyo Labor Bureau materials 9... 1.3..8 18.. 1.8.8 18. Accommodations, Wholesale and retail trade eating and drinking services Services, 13. 11.9.7 17...3.1.7 n.e.c.. Note: Legal employment rate for private companies was revised to.% from April 1st, 13 (formerly 1.8%). As for actual employment rate and number of employed with disabilities, from July 1, a person with severe physical disability or severe intellectual disability shall be counted as two, a part-time worker (a worker whose scheduled working hours for a week are between hours or more and less than 3 hours) who has severe physical disability or severe intellectual disability shall be counted as a person, and a part-time worker who has physical disability, intellectual disability or mental disability and whose disability level is not severe shall be counted as.. From April 1st,, with mental disabilities have been calculated in actual employment rate. Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoLife Work Balance Life Work Balance Different from Their Desires, There is High Percentage of Cases Where Men Give Priority to Work and Women Give Priority to Family Life Degree of priority on work, family life and personal life (Tokyo, 1) 1 8 8 1 3. 8.1 1. 19.7 All of work, family life and personal life Giving priority to work and family life..7 Desire..9 8.. 11. 8.9 1.7.3. 19...7 8.8 Giving priority to family life 3..8. 17.7 Giving priority to work 17.7 Reality. 17.. 7. 8... 7. Giving priority to work and personal life Giving priority to family life and personal life Giving priority to personal life Cannot decide Source: TMG Public Opinion Poll on a Gender-Equal Society There is Large Difference between Men and Women on Rate of Taking Childcare Leave Many Persons Engaged in Work Cannot Use Family Care Leave System Rate of taking childcare leave by sex (Tokyo) 1 9.9 9. 9. 93. 89.3 8.8 88.3 93. 93.3 8 Number of engaged in work who are giving care by presence or absence of use of the family care leave system (Tokyo, 1) (1, ) Using the system..8..9.1. 3. 3.9.7..3.8....3..... 1.3.7 1.1 1. 1.8 1.7 3. 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1(FY) 1.7...3..8 Not using the system 1.8 1. -9 3-39 - -9 - -9 - -9 7 Note: No data for FY7 and FY1. This is based on establishment surveys. Source: TMG materials Note: The total number includes the number of unknown. Source: MIC Employment Status Survey Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17
Employment in TokyoLaborManagement Relations Labor-Management Relations 1 1 1. While Number of Unions is on the Decline, Number of Union Members Has Slightly Recovered (1, unions) 17 9. 7.3 7.3 19 71 7 81 8 91 9 1 11 1 (1, ) Number of unions and union members (Tokyo) Number of unions Number of union members 19 19 71 7 81 8 91 9 1 11 1 18 1 1 1 1 3 1 Number of Labor Union Members of Part-Time Workers is on the Rise Percentage of unions with part-time workers, number of part-time union members and percentage of part-time union members (Tokyo) 13. (1, ) 9. Percentage of unions with part-time workers to the total number of unions Percentage of part-time union members to the total union members (right axis) 19. Number of part-time union members 1. 17. 1. 1. 1 3.9 3. 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 Note: Figures are as of June 3th of each year. Targeting unit labour unions. Source: MHLW Basic Survey on Labour Unions Note: Figures are as of June 3th of each year Source: TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs materials Numbers of Labor Consultations Almost Remain Flat in Recent Years Percentage of Resignation and Workplace Harassment in Labor Consultations is Increasing Number of labor consultations at Tokyo Labor Consultation Center of the TMG (Tokyo) (1, cases) Source: TMG materials..3 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1. 1 (FY) Composition ratio of labor consultations by subject (Tokyo) 1 11. Dismissal Resignation 11. 11 11. 1 Workplace harassment 9.3 9 Number of petitions for labor tribunal proceedings at the Tokyo District Court (Tokyo) (Cases) 1, 1,3 1,19 1, 8 8 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 8 7 8.9 Labor contract.1. 8. 7.8 Unpaid wages. 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1 1 (FY) Note: The labor tribunal system was established in. Figures in are from April to December. Source: Court materials Note: Consultations at Tokyo Labor Consultation Center of the TMG. If multiple items are included in one consultation, each item is counted. Workplace harassment has been listed since FY8. Top items in FY1 are listed. Source: TMG materials Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 17