Demographic and Economic Profile Utah Updated July 2006 Metro and Nonmetro Counties in Utah Based on the most recent listing of core based statistical areas by the Office of Management and Budget (December 2005), 10 counties in Utah are part of metropolitan areas, and 5 counties are part of micropolitan areas. The micropolitan category defines counties that include an urban area with a population of 10,000 to 49,999 plus surrounding counties that are linked through commuting ties. These areas often represent important economic and trade centers in rural areas. The remaining 14 counties in Utah are considered noncore counties. Using these classifications and the population estimates for 2005, 88.7 percent of Utah residents live in metropolitan areas, 6.1 percent live in micropolitan areas, and 5.2 percent live in noncore areas. Metro and Nonmetro Counties in Utah Metropolitan Counties Nonmetro Counties: Micropolitan Counties Noncore Counties Source: Office of Management and Budget and U.S. Census Bureau Map Prepared by RUPRI 1
Population Utah s population in 2005 was 2,469,585, up 10.6 percent from the 2000 Census. During the 1990s, the population in Utah increased by 29.6 percent. Nationally, population increased 13.1 percent during the 1990s, and 5.3 percent from April 2000 to July 2005. The population growth in metro areas of Utah outpaced the nonmetro areas in both time periods. Percent Change in Population Area: 1990-2000 2000-2005 U.S. 13.1% 5.3% Utah 29.6% 10.6% Metropolitan 30.6% 11.2% Nonmetropolitan 22.5% 5.8% Micropolitan 25.1% 9.3% Noncore 19.7% 2.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Percent Change, 1990-2000 No counties in Utah lost population during this time period Population increase less than 10% Population increase 10% to 29.9% Population increase 30% or more During the 1990s, no counties in Utah lost population. The fastest growth during this time was in Summit County (91.6%) in the Salt Lake City Metropolitan Area, and in Washington County (86.1%) in the St. George Metropolitan Area. Source: US Census Bureau Census 1990 and 2000 Population Percent Change, 2000-2005 Population decrease Population increase less than 10% Population increase 10% to 29.9% Population increase 30% or more From 2000 to 2005, seven counties in Utah lost population, all of them nonmetro. The fastest growth during this time was in Washington County in the St. George Metro Area, increasing 31.6 percent during the time period. Source: US Census Bureau Population Estimates 2
Race / Ethnicity The population in Utah is 93.8 percent white and 0.9 percent African American. Native Americans make up 1.3 percent of Utah s population. Nationally, the population is 80.4 percent white, 12.8 percent African American, and 1.0 percent Native American (2004 Census Bureau population estimates). Racial Composition of the Population in Utah and the U.S., 2004 100% 90% 80% U.S. Utah 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% White African American Amer. Indian/ Alaska Native Asian Hawaiian/ Pac. Islander Two or More Races Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Within Utah, the metropolitan population is 93.9 percent white, 1.0 percent African American, and 0.8 percent Native American. The micropolitan population is 95.1 percent white, 0.3 percent African American and 2.8 percent Native American. The noncore population is 90.4 percent white, 0.3 percent African American, and 8.0 percent Native American. Racial Composition of the Population in Utah by CBSA Category, 2004 100% 90% 80% Metropolitan Micropolitan Noncore 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% White African American Amer. Indian/ Alaska Native Asian Hawaiian/ Pac. Islander Two or More Races Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates 3
Native Americans make up 55.9 percent of the population in San Juan County. Native American Majority Counties Counties in which the Native American population accounted for over 50 percent of total population in 2004 Native American Majority Counties Other Counties The map below shows the location of Indian Reservation boundaries within Utah. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Location of Indian Reservations in Utah Indian Reservations Source: US Census Bureau Map created by RUPRI Community Information Resource Center Interactive Map Room: http://circ.rupri.org People of Hispanic origin make up 1 0.6 percent of Utah s population, compared to 14.1 percent of the total U.S. population. Many areas have experienced significant growth in the Hispanic population over the past decade and a half. The map to the right shows the counties in which the Hispanic population more than doubled during the 1990s. Hispanic Growth Counties Counties in which the Hispanic population more than doubled during the 1990s Hispanic Growth Counties Other Counties Source: U.S. Census Bureau 1990 and 2000 Census 4
Age The age distribution of the metro and nonmetro population in Utah is shown in the chart below. The percent of the population in the 20 to 34 age groups is greater in the metro areas, while the percent of the population age 55 and over is greater in the nonmetro areas. 16% 14% Age Distribution in Utah Metro and Nonmetro Portions, 2000 Metro Nonmetro 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% <5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-59 60-64 65-74 75-84 85+ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Age Group The Economic Research Service, USDA, classifies counties as retirement destination counties based on population change due to inmigration. In Utah, eleven counties are classified as retirement destination counties (2 metro and 9 nonmetro counties). ERS County Typology: Retirement Destination Counties number of residents 60 and older grew by 15 percent or more between 1990 and 2000 due to inmigration (ERS, USDA) ERS Retirement Destination Counties Other Counties Source: Economic Research Service, USDA 5
Educational Attainment The percent of the population age 25 and over that has earned a Bachelor s Degree or higher is 24.4 percent in the U.S. and 26.1 percent in Utah. In metro areas of Utah, this percentage is 27.3 percent, compared to 17.5 percent in nonmetro areas. Percent of Population 25 Years and Over with a Bachelor s Degree or Higher, 2000 Less than 15% 15% to 20% Higher than 20% Source: US Census Bureau Census 2000 The chart below compares the educational attainment of Utah s metro and nonmetro populations. The percent of the population with high educational attainment (B.S. or higher) is greater in the metro areas, while the percent of the population with lower educational attainment (high school degree or lower) is greater in the nonmetro areas. Educational Attainment in Utah Metro and Nonmetro Portions, 2000 Graduate/Professional Degree Bachelor's Degree Metro Nonmetro Associate Degree Some college, no degree High school graduate 9th-12th grade, no diploma Less than 9th grade Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Percent of Population Age 25+ 6
Poverty The poverty rate in Utah in 2003 was 10.0 percent, compared to 12.5 percent for the U.S. (Census Bureau estimates). Within Utah, the 2003 poverty rate ranged from 4.7 percent in Morgan County to 22.6 percent in San Juan County. Percent of Population in Poverty, 2003 Less than 10% 10% to 14.9% 15% to 19.9% 20% or higher Source: U.S. Census Bureau Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates The Economic Research Service classifies counties as persistent poverty counties if they experienced poverty rates of 20 percent or higher in each census from 1970 through 2000. There are 386 persistent poverty counties in the U.S., and one is located in Utah (San Juan County). ERS County Typology: Persistent Poverty Counties 20 percent or more of residents were poor as measured by each of the last 4 censuses, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 (ERS, USDA) ERS Persistent Poverty Counties Other Counties Source: Economic Research Service, USDA 7
Health Services The designation of areas or populations as medically underserved is based on an index of four variables - the ratio of primary care physicians per 1,000 population, the infant mortality rate, the percent of the population with incomes below the poverty level, and the percent of the population age 65 and over (Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS). Within Utah, several areas of the state are considered medically underserved, shown in the map below. Medically Underserved Areas in Utah Medically Underserved Area Medically Underserved Population Governor Defined Area Data Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS Map created by RUPRI Community Information Resource Center Interactive Map Room: http://circ.rupri.orgc Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) are those areas that may have shortages of primary medical care, dental or mental health providers and may be urban or rural areas, population groups, or medical or other public facilities (Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS). Within Utah, many areas in the state are designated as primary care HPSAs for the total or low income populations. Health Professional Shortage Areas (Primary Care) in Utah Total Population Low Income Population Data Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, HHS Map created by RUPRI Community Information Resource Center Interactive Map Room: http://circ.rupri.org 8
Per Capita Income Per capita income trends in Utah have mirrored national trends over the past several decades. In 2004, per capita income in Utah was $26,603, compared to $33,050 for the U.S. Per Capita Income in Utah and the U.S., 1969-2004 ($2004) $35,000 $30,000 U.S. Utah $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $- 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Source: Bureau of Ecoomic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System Within Utah, 2004 per capita income ranged from $15,180 in San Juan County to $47,933 in Summit County. Five counties in Utah had per capita income under $20,000 in 2004 (1 metro and 4 nonmetro counties). Per Capita Income, 2004 Less than $20,000 $20,000 - $29,999 $30,000 - $39,999 $40,000 or more Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System 9
Nonmetro per capita income in Utah has lagged behind metro per capita income over the past several decades. In 2004, metro per capita income was $27,280, compared to $21,305 in nonmetro areas. Per Capita Income in Utah Metro and Nonmetro Portions, 1969-2004 ($2004) $30,000 $25,000 Metro Nonmetro $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $- 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Source: Bureau of Ecoomic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System The per capita income gap is measured with nonmetro per capita income as a percent of metro per capita income. In Utah, the gap was at its smallest in 1981 and at its largest in 2000. In 2004, nonmetro per capita income was 78.1 percent of metro per capita income. 100.0% Per Capita Income Gap in Utah: Nonmetro PCI as a percent of Metro PCI, 1969-2004 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 Source: Bureau of Ecoomic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System 10
Employment Structure In 2004, government and government enterprises accounted for the largest shares of employment in Utah (14.9%) and the U.S. (13.9%). Retail trade was the second largest employment sector in Utah (11.7%) and in the U.S. (11.0%). Employment by Industry in Utah and the U.S., 2004 Farm Forestry, fishing, related activities Mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail Trade Transportation & warehousing Information Finance & insurance Real estate & rental & leasing Professional & technical services Management of companies & enterprises Administrative & waste services Educational services Health care & social assistance Arts, entertainment, & recreation Accommodation & food services Other services, except public administration Government & government enterprises Utah U.S. Source: BEA, REIS 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% The ERS Economic Typology classifies counties into one of five industry categories of specialization or as nonspecialized. The map to the right shows the classification of Utah counties by this typology, illustrating the diversity in the state. Utah Counties by ERS Economic Typology Farming Mining Manufacturing Government Services Nonspecialized Source: Economic Research Service, USDA 11
Unemployment The unemployment rate in Utah in 2005 was 4.3 percent, compared to 5.1 percent for the U.S. Within Utah, the 2005 unemployment rate ranged from 3.0 percent in Rich County to 7.6 percent in San Juan County. Unemployment Rate, 2005 Less than 4% 4% to 4.9% 5% to 5.9% 6.0% to 6.9% 7% or higher Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics The Economic Research Service classifies counties as low employment counties if less than 65 percent of residents 21 to 64 years old were employed in 2000. One county in Utah (San Juan County) is classified as a low employment county. ERS County Typology: Low Employment Counties less than 65 percent of residents 21-64 years old were employed in 2000 (ERS, USDA) ERS Low Employment Counties Other Counties Source: Economic Research Service, USDA 12
Agriculture Agriculture is an important industry in several parts of the state, and four counties are classified by the Economic Research Service as farming dependent (see map on page 11). The map below shows the value of agricultural products sold in 2002 for Utah counties. In four counties the value was over $100 million. Market Value of Agricultural Products Sold, 2002 Less than $10M $10M - $49.9M $50M - $99.9M $100M to $249.9M Source: Census of Agriculture, 2002 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Average farm size in Utah is 768 acres, and 14 percent of the farms in the state are 500 acres or larger. In Rich County, over half of the farms are 500 acres or larger. Percent of Farms in County that are 500 Acres or Larger, 2002 Less than 10% 10% to 24.9% 25% to 49.9% 50% or more Source: Census of Agriculture, 2002 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service 13
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is an important component to economic development today. Unfortunately, data that allow us to measure entrepreneurial activity and trends is difficult to ascertain, particularly at the county level. The CFED Development Report Card for the States rates each state on its entrepreneurial energy, evaluating the extent to which new firms are generated and whether they are contributing to CFED Development Report Card for the States Entrepreneurial Energy Grade A B C D F Not shown: Alaska (C) and Hawaii (D) Source: CFED employment growth. While this is a state-level ranking, it provides useful insight as to how a state is performing. Utah s ranking is B. As mentioned, county level indicators of entrepreneurship are difficult to ascertain, but a good indicator is the proportion of workers that are self employed. The map below shows self employed workers as a percent of nonfarm private employment in the county. Entrepreneurship in Utah: Self Employed as a Percent of Nonfarm Private Employment 10% to 14.9% 15% to 19.9% 20% or more Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics and Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System 14
Nonmetro Recreation Counties The Economic Research Service s classification of nonmetro recreation counties captures the recreational opportunities and development in many rural parts of the nation. The classification is based on a number of factors, including employment and income derived from recreation-related activities, seasonal housing units within the county, and receipts from hotels and motels. Nationally, 334 counties are classified as nonmetro recreation counties, and 13 are located in Utah. Counties that were nonmetro in 1993 or in 2003 are classified. Summit and Washington Counties were nonmetro in the 1993 classifications. ERS County Typology: Nonmetro Recreation Counties Recreation Counties Other Counties Source: Economic Research Service, USDA 15
Data Sources and References Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/reis/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics http://www.bls.gov/lau/home.htm CFED Development Report Card for the States http://drc.cfed.org/ Economic Research Service, USDA, 2004 County Typology http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/rurality/typology/ Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Designations of Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Areas and Populations http://www.bhpr.hrsa.gov/shortage/ National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA. 2002 Census of Agriculture http://www.nass.usda.gov/census_of_agriculture/index.asp Office of Management and Budget, Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/bulletins/fy05/b05-02.html RUPRI Community Information Resource Center Interactive Map Room http://circ.rupri.org/ U.S. Census Bureau Census 2000 http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html Population Estimates http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.php Metropolitan and Micropolitan Area Classifications http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html Nonemployer Statistics http://www.census.gov/epcd/nonemployer/ Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe/saipe.html 16
For Comments and Questions on this Report: Kathleen K. Miller RUPRI Program Director (573) 882-5098 miller@rupri.org Contact RUPRI Rural Policy Research Institute Truman School of Public Affairs University of Missouri-Columbia 214 Middlebush Hall Columbia, MO 65211 (573) 882-0316 Voice [573] 884=5310 FAX http://www.rupri.org 17