PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT POLICY-5 EMPLOYMENT TYPES AND POLICIES IN TURKEY Prof. Dr. Doğan Nadi Leblebici http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~nadi
Public employment policies can be classified into two: 1. Active employment policies which aim at creating new jobs, using existing employment capacity much better, training workforce to gain new skills to be employed. 2. Passive employment policies which aim at helping those suffering from unemployment, and struggling with poverty stemming from unemployment temporarily.
1. Active Employment Policies: - Public placement and intermediation services - Employment subsidies - Vocational education and youth oriented policies - Disability policy 1. Passive Employment Policies - Unemployment insurance - Early retirement - Severance pay
Placement and Intermediation Services - Open Jobs by 2016: 2.105.436 (Source: Business-Kur) - Registered Unemployed by 2016: 4.465.327 - Application: 3.316.884 (2016) - Placement: 789.133 (2016)
Placement and Intermediation Services 5.000.000 4.000.000 3.000.000 2.000.000 1.000.000 0 Open Jobs Registered Unemployed Applications Placement Seri 1
Employment Subsidies - Disabled employment - Former convicted employment - State repayment of insurance premiums of employers - Reduction of income tax due to employment - Providing micro-loans to the unemployed to establish their own businesses
Disabled employment (2002) Total disabled population: 12.290.000 Participation to labor market: 2.668.159 (%21.71) Unemployed: 412.497 (%15.46) Disabled Population 14.000.000 12.000.000 10.000.000 8.000.000 6.000.000 4.000.000 2.000.000 0 Disabled Participation to Workforce Unemployed Seri 1
Vocational Education and Youth Policy - Public educational institutions - Special education institutions - İş-Kur - Municipalities - Foundations - NGOs - Continuing education centers - Apprenticeship training programs In 2016, İşkur organized 5,715 programs and provided 119,172 people vocational training in these programs.
Policies for the benefit of society These are programs aimed at short-term employment for periods and placed that high unemployment rates experienced. - Maintenance repair, - Cleaning, - Environmental management, etc. In 2013, Iskur conducted 4.722 programs for the benefit of the society and in these programs, 197.182 people were employed.
Disability Policy İş-Kur placed 31.962 disabled (2012) into jobs. Basic problem: Lack of skilled disabled workforce Culture + Inability to Take Advantage of education and training + Deficiencies in government policies= Unskilled and not employable Disabled Workforce
Passive Employment Policies Economic and social costs of unemployment - Borrowing - Psychological depression - Social Behavior Disorders Social Security System by some passive policies aims at reducing the economic and social problems caused by unemployment.
Passive Labor Force Policies Unemployment insurance - Partial incomes in a certain period of unemployment - Cover health and maternity insurance premiums Unemployment Insurance Law No. 4447 which entered into force in 2000 includes the workforce registered to the Social Security System who lost their job while working in a workplace, except for their own mistakes.
Under the Unemployment Insurance - Unemployment benefit - General health insurance premiums - New employment service - Vocational training services Up to 30% to 50% of the unemployment insurance fund can be spent on preventive measures.
Unemployment Insurance Benefit - 120 days for 600 days premiums - 240 days for 900 days premium - 300 days for 1080 days premium The application period is 30 days after the end of the service contract.the amount paid is 40% of the daily average gross earnings from the last three quarters of the principal earnings.
Passive Employment Policies Early Retirement - To get the old workforce out of employment - Including young workforce into employment Two basic problems: 1. Experienced early retired population returns to labour market 2. The financial burden on the Social Security System is increasing
Passive Employment Policies Severance pay - A person who lost his/her job other than his/her own will be entitled to severance pay as much as one month's gross wage for each year provided that he/she has completed a full year in the workplace. Recent regulation abolished the full year limitation.