Analysis of regulatory changes and impact assessment
The non-banking financial companies (NBFC) industry experienced significant growth in December 2016. The Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, in his 2017 18 Union Budget speech on 1 February 2017, announced a host of measures and incentives to boost the NBFC sector and fuel economic growth. Some of the highlights are listed below: NBFCs with high net worth will now be able to access capital markets to raise funds as the government has allowed them to list their stocks with different stock exchanges. High net worth NBFCs can also participate in initial public offerings (IPOs) like banks and insurance companies do. This will help NBFCs grow and bring them at par with other banks and financial institutions. Systemically important NBFCs (asset size of 500 crore INR and above) regulated by RBI may be categorised as qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) by SEBI. This will help strengthen the IPO market and increase its money supply. 1 NBFCs are set to benefit from the Credit Guarantee Scheme and the interest subsidy on affordable housing loans. This move could benefit housing finance companies/ mortgage firms. Two new middleincome categories have been created under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) in urban areas, under which loans of up to 9 lakh INR will receive interest subvention of 4% and loans up to 12 lakh INR will get a 3% benefit. Indirect tax proposals: NBFCs are required to consider interest/ discount on the value of exempt income while opting for a proportionate reversal scheme. 2 RBI has notified NBFCs of the following: NBFCs cannot lend more than 25,000 INR in cash against gold as directed by RBI. High-value loans against gold of 1 lakh INR and above must only be disbursed by cheque. 1 PTI. (2017). Budget 2017: High net worth NBFCs can access capital markets via IPOs. Retrieved from http://www.livemint.com/politics/vjoqu2jpi3bazzfadarpjm/budget-2017- High-net-worth-NBFCs-can-access-capital-markets.html (last accessed on 12 May 2017) 2 PwC. (2017). Budget 2017: Key proposals for Financial Services Sector. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/budget/2017/budget_2017_key_proposals_for_financial_ services_sector.pdf (last accessed on 12 May 2017) 2 PwC PwC s Non-Banking Financial Company Insights
In terms of financial assets, NBFCs have recorded healthy growth a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19% over the past few years comprising 13% of the total credit. This is expected to reach nearly 18% by 2018 19. 3 With ongoing stress in public sector banks due to mounting bad debt, their appetite to lend (especially in rural areas) is only going to deteriorate, thereby providing NBFCs with the opportunity to increase their presence. 4 Credit growth of NBFCs as a percentage of total credit 25% 20% 15% 15.70% 17.30% 14.90% 15.90% 13% 13% 13.90% 14.30% 19% 17% 20.90% 18.20% 10% 5% 0% 2015 2016 E 2017 E 2018 E 2019 E 2020 E 7% CAGR 10% CAGR Source: PwC analysis 3 PwC. (2016). Non-banking finance companies: The changing landscape. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/publications/2016/non-banking-finance-companies-thechanging-landscape.pdf (last accessed on 12 May 2017) 4 Ibid. 3 PwC PwC s Non-Banking Financial Company Insights
RBI circular reference: Ref: RBI/2016-17/245 DNBR (PD) CC.No.086/03.10.001/2016-17 Date of notification: 09 March 2017 Applicable entities: All NBFCs Background and objective: Implications for NBFCs As per the directions given in Non- Banking Financial Company Non- Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016, and Non-Banking Financial Company Systemically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016, under para 37(iii)(b), highvalue loans against gold of 1 lakh INR and above must only be disbursed by cheque. However, to align with the requirements of the Income-tax Act, 1961, section 269SS and 269T are now applicable to all NBFCs with immediate effect. Section 269SS states that a person shall not take or accept a loan/deposit from another person otherwise than by the prescribed banking channels, i.e. a/c payee cheque or account payee bank draft or by use of an electronic clearing system, so that the aggregate from such a person is 20,000 INR or more. Further, section 269T states that no repayment of any advance received in relation to a transfer of immovable property will be made except by the said prescribed banking channels if the aggregate is 20,000 INR or more whether the transfer takes place or not is irrelevant. RBI s move is being seen as part of its go digital drive post-demonetisation and a way to curb black money in the economy. However, the purpose of gold loans may be defeated since they are usually used during medical emergencies. Due to this new threshold limit, NBFCs will not be able to make part disbursements or accept part repayments in cash and cheque (section 269SS). In order to keep their businesses alive, NBFCs may want to guide farmers with opening a bank account to allow smooth disbursement of loans, keeping in mind that the average ticket size is 25,000 INR to 35,000 INR. NBFCs may need to set up procedures and strengthen them to speed up the process of disbursing loans to small marginal borrowers as these small borrowers are often in immediate need of cash to meet their liabilities. NBFCs will also need to track the repayment of loans in cheques for which disbursements were made in cash prior to the notification since part repayment of loans in cash will be hampered. Non-compliance with the threshold limit as stated in the guideline will attract a penalty under section 271D. Some points that NBFCs need to consider are: In order to obtain loans faster, will marginal borrowers turn to pawnbrokers despite extremely high interest rates? Will small-time borrowers help the economy transform into a cashless economy by opening bank accounts? Will interest rates on loans charged by NBFCs be affected? If multiple loans are disbursed to a single borrower, will they be considered to exceed the threshold limit for marginal borrowers? 4 PwC PwC s Non-Banking Financial Company Insights
RBI circular reference: Ref: RBI/2016-2017/219 DNBR.CC.PD.No.084/22.10.038/2016-17 Date of notification: 02 February 2017 Applicable entities: All NBFC-MFI Background and objective: Implications for MFIs The interest rate to be charged by NBFC-MFIs, as outlined by RBI, is the average of the base rates of the five largest commercial banks. RBI has now notified NBFC-MFIs to ensure that the average interest rate on loans sanctioned during a quarter does not exceed the average borrowing cost during the preceding quarter plus the margin within the prescribed cap. Earlier, the rate charged by NBFC- MFIs depended on the average borrowing cost during a financial year plus the margin. Further, the average base rate is decided by RBI on the last working day of every quarter (9.75% for the quarter starting 1 April 2017). NBFCs need to streamline their interest rate on a quarterly basis based on the rate provided by RBI. The top management of NBFCs may want to formulate and design internal principles for defining interest rates and review the average borrowing cost on a quarterly basis along with the average interest rate on loans sanctioned during a quarter. New procedures and processes need to be set in the company for comparing the interest rates and margins on a quarter-onquarter basis. MFIs will also need to prepare quarterly reports showing compliance to the above-mentioned notification. Along with interest rates, NBFCs need to regularise processing fees and other charges. The number of complaints filed by customers regarding NBFCs charging high interest rates/penal charges has increased. NBFCs may want to formulate a plan to ensure that these complaints are reduced in the near future. 5 PwC PwC s Non-Banking Financial Company Insights
Circular reference number Name of the circular Brief impact/instructions RBI/2016-17/242 DNBR.PD.CC.No.085/03.10.001/ 2016-17 Financing of Infrastructure Definition of Infrastructure Lending RBI further updated the harmonised master list of infrastructure subsectors. In this regard, it is advised that with respect to the definition of infrastructure lending, NBFCs may henceforth be guided by the gazette notifications issued by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, from time to time. Infrastructure lending means a credit facility extended by an NBFC to a borrower by way of a term loan/project loan/subscription to bonds/ debentures/preference shares/equity shares in a project company acquired as a part of the project finance package such that the subscription amount is in the nature of advance or any other form of long-term funding for exposure in infrastructure sub-sectors as notified by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, from time to time. 6 PwC PwC s Non-Banking Financial Company Insights
Vivek Iyer Partner vivek.iyer@in.pwc.com Mobile: +91 9167745318 Dnyanesh Pandit Director dnyanesh.pandit@in.pwc.com Mobile: +91 9819446928 Gaurav Mehta Manager mehta.gaurav@in.pwc.com Mobile: +91 9820082799 7 PwC PwC s Non-Banking Financial Company Insights
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