DIRECTIONS AND RULES

CENTRAL BANK OF SRI LANKA DIRECTIONS AND RULES ISSUED UNDER THE FINANCE COMPANIES ACT NO. 78 OF 1988 (Inclusive of amendments made up to 31 January 2006) Department of Supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions

C O N T E N T S Page Introduction Part I Directions 1. Finance Companies (Provision for Bad & Doubtful Debts) Direction No.01 of 1991 2. Finance Companies (Provision for Bad & Doubtful Debts) Direction No.02 of 1991 3. Finance Companies (Writing off of Loans & Advances) Direction No.03 of 1991 4. Finance Companies (Transfer of Assets) Direction No.4 of 1991 5. Finance Companies (Business Transactions with Relatives) Direction No.05 of 1991 6. Finance Companies (Lending) Direction No.08 of 1991 7. Finance Companies (Register of Written- off Loans) Direction No.10 of 1991 8. Finance Companies (Fixed Assets) Direction No.11 of 1991 9. Finance Companies (Investments) Direction No.12 of 1991 10. Finance Companies (Accrued Interest) Direction No.15 of 1991 11. Finance Companies (Audited Accounts) Direction No.16 of 1991 12. Finance Companies (Single Borrower Limit) Direction No.1 of 1992

13. Finance Companies (Revenue Recognition and - Disclosures in the Financial Statements) Direction No.1 of 1995 14. Finance Companies (Deposits-Incentive Schemes) Direction No.5 of 2001 15. Finance Companies (Capital Funds) Direction No.1 of 2003 16. Finance Companies (Deposits) Direction No.1 of 2005 17. Finance Companies (Interest) Direction No.2 of 2005 18. Finance Companies (Liquid Assets) Direction No.3 of 2005 19. Finance Companies (Closure of Office/s for Business) Direction No.4 of 2005 20. Finance Companies (Structural Changes) Direction No. 5 of 2005 21. Finance Companies (Opening/Shifting/Closure of Branches/Offices) Direction No. 6 of 2005 22. Finance Companies (Minimum Core Capital) Direction No. 1 of 2006 23 Finance Companies (Risk Weighted Capital Adequacy Ratio) Direction No. 2 of 2006. Part II Rules 1. Finance Companies (Advertising) Rule No. 1 of 2001 2. Finance Companies (Registration and Licensing) Rules No. 1 of 2005

Part III Instructions/Guidelines Instructions issued under paragraph 3 of the Finance Companies (Risk Weighted Capital Adequacy Ratio) Direction No. 2 of 2006 Guidelines issued on inclusion of revaluation reserves in Capital Funds/Tier 2 Supplementary Capital

INTRODUCTION The Central Bank has been receiving requests from the registered finance companies as well as from other users to reprint the booklet on Regulation of Non-Bank Financial Institutions, as all copies of the booklet published in May 2002 have been sold out. Since the publication of the booklet in May 2002, 10 new Directions/Rules have been issued. Some of these were issued replacing the then existed Directions/Rules. This booklet contains 23 Directions and 2 Rules. In addition, it includes one set of instructions and one set of guidelines. Directions and Rules are not published here in the same form they were published in the Government Gazette, as this booklet is issued only for purposes of convenience. However, necessary particulars have been provided wherever applicable to enable any interested user to trace the original Gazette notifications. The Directions published in this booklet are available in the Central Bank website: www.centralbanklanka.org. (Mrs) L K Gunatilake Director Dept. of Supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions Central Bank of Sri Lanka Colombo 1. 01 February 2006 1

PART I DIRECTIONS Directions issued by the Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka under section 9 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988.

FINANCE COMPANIES (PROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL DEBTS) DIRECTION NO. 1 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Provision for Bad & Doubtful Debts) Direction No.1 of 1991 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with effect from 1 April 1993 in place of Finance Companies (Provision for Bad & Doubtful Debts) Direction No.2 of 1991 1. 2. Every finance company is required to make provisions for bad and doubtful debts before any profit or loss is declared and ensure that such provision is made subject to a minimum of:- (a) (b) fifty percent (50%) of all advances in arrears for a period of 07 to 12 months; hundred percent (100%) of all advances in arrears for 13 months or more. 3. In arriving at the provisions required by (a) & (b) above, a company may deduct the value of land and buildings held as collateral for a particular advance. The value so admitted shall not exceed, the value of land and buildings decided by a professional valuer at the time of granting the advance. However, residential properties occupied by the borrower or a tenant taken as security without an agreement to grant vacant possession in the event of sale for the realisation of the security due to default should not be reduced from the provision required. 4. The Monetary Board may, if it thinks appropriate require any finance company to make further specific provision for bad and doubtful debts in addition to the provision already made by such a company. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 September 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991. FINANCE COMPANIES (PROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL DEBTS) DIRECTION NO. 2 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Provision for Bad and Doubtful Debts) Direction No.2 of 1991 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 1 Subsequently, finance companies were given the option to comply with either the Bad & Doubtful Debts Direction No.1 or the Bad & Doubtful Debts Direction No.2. However, if any company has opted to comply with Direction No.1, such company is not permitted to switch to Direction No.2 without obtaining the prior approval of the Director of Supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions Department, Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 1

2. Every finance company is required to make provisions for bad and doubtful debts before any profit or loss is declared and ensure that such provision is made subject to a minimum of : (a) (b) fifty percent (50%) of all advances in arrears for a period of 12 to 24 months; hundred per cent (100%) of all advances in arrears for more than 24 months. 3. The Monetary Board may, if it thinks appropriate require any finance company to make further specific provision for bad and doubtful debts in addition to the provision already made by such a company. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 July 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.671/18 dated 18 July 1991. Please see note 1 under Direction No.1 of 1991. FINANCE COMPANIES (WRITING OFF OF LOANS AND ADVANCES) DIRECTION NO. 3 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Writing off of Loans and Advances) Direction No. 3 of 1991 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 2. A finance company shall not write off any loan or advance granted by it to any of the undernoted persons or institutions without the prior approval of the Monetary Board:- (a) (b) any of its directors or any relative of such director; any undertaking in which any of its directors has an interest as a director, partner, manager, agent, investor, guarantor or a shareholder; (c) any of its subsidiary, associate or connected concerns or to companies corporate or unincorporate where the directors of a finance company hold directorships, shares or other investments; (d) any person who is a manager, officer or an employee of a company registered under the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988. 3. For the purpose of paragraph 2 the word relative has the same meaning as given in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 July 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.671/18 dated 18 July 1991. 2

FINANCE COMPANIES (TRANSFER OF ASSETS) DIRECTION NO. 4 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Transfer of Assets) Direction No. 4 of 1991 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 2. No finance company shall transfer or alienate any of its assets for any consideration other than for a monetary consideration which should pass in favour of the transferor. 3. No finance company shall transfer any of its assets of a value of more than Rupees Fifty Thousand (Rs.50,000/-) at a price less than the prevailing market value without the prior permission of the Central Bank to any person or body of persons, corporate or unincorporate. 4. For the purpose of paragraph 3 the word prevailing market value should be as determined by a licensed valuer. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 July 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.671/18 dated 18 July 1991. FINANCE COMPANIES (BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATIVES) DIRECTION NO. 5 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Business Transactions with Relatives) Direction No. 5 of 1991 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 2. No finance company should conduct any business transactions with a director or a relative of any of its directors without prior permission of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka where the total value of transactions amounts to more than Rupees Five Thousand (Rs.5,000/-) per month or where the total value of transactions amounts to more than Rupees Thirty Thousand (Rs.30,000/-) for a financial year. 3. For the purpose of paragraph 2 the word relative has the same meaning as given in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 July 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.671/18 dated 18 July 1991. 3

FINANCE COMPANIES (LENDING) DIRECTION NO. 8 OF 1991 AS AMENDED BY DIRECTION NO. 2 OF 2001 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Lending) Direction No.8 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect and shall apply to every finance company registered under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. 2. (i) No finance company shall: (a) grant any loan on the security of its own shares or on the security of the shares of any of its subsidiaries; (b) grant any loans to purchase its own shares; (c) grant unsecured loans which in the aggregate and outstanding at any one time exceed five (5) per cent of its capital funds as at the end of the last financial year and which as regards any person or body of persons, corporate or unincorporate exceed at any time the sum of one hundred thousand rupees (Rs.100,000/-); (d) [This paragraph was revoked by paragraph 4 of Finance Companies (Single Borrower Limits) Direction No.1 of 1992]. (e) grant loans on the guarantee or indemnity of a director of the finance company, his relative or any officer of the finance company. (ii) The expression unsecured loans referred to in sub-paragraph (i)(c) means loans made without security or any loan made with security, which any part thereof exceeds the market value of the assets constituting that security. (iii) The expression security for the purpose of sub-paragraph (ii) includes guarantees by third parties. (iv) Where any question arises as to whether any transaction is a loan for the purpose of this paragraph, it shall be referred to the Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka whose decision therein shall be final. 3. (i) A finance company shall not grant any loan, advance or other financial accommodation of whatever nature including hire purchase financing, leasing or as inter-company credit to any of its directors or to its holding company but may grant such accommodation not exceeding individually or in the aggregate 15 per cent of its capital funds as shown at its last audited balance sheet to one or more of its subsidiary companies or associate companies on such terms as may be applicable to any other borrower of the finance company, particulars of which including the name of the borrower, the date of the grant of the accommodation, amount granted, repayment programme, 07.03.2001 4

security and rate of interest shall be reported to the Director within 7 days of such grant. 2 (ii) For the purpose of this paragraph Associate Company means a company in which a lending finance company holds ordinary shares equivalent to twenty (20) per cent or more but less than fifty (50) per cent of the paid-up ordinary share capital. Subsidiary Company means a company in which a lending finance company holds ordinary shares equivalent to or more than fifty (50) per cent of the paid-up ordinary share capital. Inter-company credit means advance or financial accommodation of any nature extended to one of its directors or their relatives, subsidiary companies, associate companies, holding companies or companies which hold shares in trust for any director or any entity belonging to one of its directors or their relatives. 4. No finance company shall recover, on its loans, advances or financial accommodation of whatever nature including hire purchase financing and leasing, charges of any description, other than interest, in excess of five (5) per cent of the principal amount advanced or financed. 5. (i) The Board of Directors of every finance company shall examine loans in arrears for more than six (6) months and furnish a quarterly statement of overdue loans classifying as follows indicating overdue interest, other charges and capital per loan:- (a) overdue interest, other charges and entailing capital component for more than three months but less than six months; (b) (c) (d) (e) overdue interest, other charges and entailing capital component for six months and over but less than one year; overdue interest, other charges and entailing capital component for one year or more; line of action recommended by the Board of Directors of the company for the recovery of each outstanding loan in arrears for more than six (6) months and the progress made on loans on the earlier statement. Finance companies that have a total of over Rs.100 million in advances may restrict this information to loans of Rs.50,000 and over in arrears; every finance company shall furnish to the Director statements containing information referred to in (a), (b), (c) and (d) above within one month from the end of the quarter it refers. (ii) The expression overdue interest, other charges and capital for the purpose of sub-paragraph (i) means interest, other charges and capital in arrears on loans for more than three months. 2 Section 3(i) of the Finance Companies (Lending) Direction No.8 of 1991 prohibited granting loans by a finance company to its subsidiaries and associate companies. Under the Finance Companies (Lending) (Amendment) Direction No.2 of 2001 a finance company is permitted to grant loans to its subsidiaries and associate companies, subject to a limit of 15 per cent of its total capital funds and on similar terms and conditions on which loans are granted to other borrowers. 5

6. In this Direction (i.) Board means the Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (ii) Capital Funds means the same as given in the definition in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. (iii) Director means the Director of the Department of Supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (iv) The expression loan for the purpose of this Direction is same as defined in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 September 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991 and as amended by the Finance Companies (Lending) (Amendment) Direction No.2 of 2001, published in Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.1174/13 dated 07 March 2001. FINANCE COMPANIES (REGISTER OF WRITTEN OFF LOANS) DIRECTION NO. 10 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Register of Written off Loans) Direction No.10 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect and shall apply to every finance company registered under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. 2. (i) Every finance company shall maintain a register showing details of written off loans or advances from the books of the Company giving following particulars:- (a) full name and address and National Identity Card number of the borrower and his/her relationship to the directors, if any; (b) original amount granted; (c) rate of interest; (d) last date of repayment; (e) total amount recovered; (f) amount written-off; (g) date of writing-off from the books of the Company; (h) reasons in brief for writing-off. (ii) The above particulars should be sent along with the annual audited balance sheet to the Director in respect of the written-off advances during the financial year. 3. In this Direction Director means the Director of the Department of Supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 September 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991. 6

FINANCE COMPANIES (FIXED ASSETS) DIRECTION NO. 11 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Fixed Assets) Direction No.11 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect and shall apply to every finance company registered under the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988. 2. No finance company shall purchase or acquire any immovable property or any right title or interest therein exceeding:- (i) (ii) in the aggregate at any time the amount outstanding on the loans obtained for the specific purpose of purchasing ; or fifty (50) per cent of the capital funds of the finance company without the prior approval of the Director. This shall not prevent an institution:- (a) from holding immovable property purchased by the company for re-sale as part of its trade or business; (b) from securing a debt on any immovable property and in the event of default in payment of such debt, from holding that immovable property for realisation by sale or auction at the earliest. 3. In this Direction Capital Funds shall have the same meaning as contained in the definition in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 September 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991. FINANCE COMPANIES (INVESTMENTS) DIRECTION NO. 12 OF 1991 AS AMENDED BY DIRECTION NO. 3 OF 2001 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Investments) Direction No. 12 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect and shall apply to every finance company registered under the Financed Companies Act No. 78 of 1988. 2. A finance company shall not invest in the shares of any company in excess of 5 per cent of its capital funds as shown at its last annual audited balance sheet provided that such investment shall not exceed 40 per cent of the issued and paid up capital of such investee company and the aggregate amount so invested in the shares of companies shall not exceed 25 per cent of the capital funds of the finance company as shown at its last audited balance sheet. Where such requirement necessitates a finance company to 07.03.2001 7

reduce its investments in shares acquired prior to the commencement of this paragraph, the Monetary Board may give the finance company a period of four years from the commencement of this paragraph to comply with such requirement. 3 3. In this Direction Capital Funds shall have the same meaning as contained in the definition in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 September 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991 and as amended by the Finance Companies (Investments) (Amendment) Direction No.3 of 2001, published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.1174/13 dated 07 March 2001. FINANCE COMPANIES (ACCRUED INTEREST) DIRECTION NO. 15 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Accrued Interest) Direction No. 15 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect and shall apply to every finance company registered under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. 2. No finance company shall take into account as income, any accrued interest on a loan, credit facility or any type of financial accommodation on which interest and or capital repayments are in arrears for six months or more. 3. Every finance company shall (in the maintenance of the books of accounts) segregate a loan, credit facility or any type of financial accommodation to which paragraph 2 is applicable from other loans, credit facility and any type of financial accommodation under separate control accounts in the general ledger. 4. The expression interest referred to in paragraph 2 shall include any income receivable on loans, credit facilities and other types of financial accommodation. Made by the Monetary Board on 16 September 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991. 3 The Finance Companies (Investments) Direction No.12 of 1991 did not impose a limit on aggregate share investments made by a finance company. In terms of the Finance Companies (Investments) (Amendment) Direction No.3 of 2001 which commenced on 07 March 2001 the total share investments by a finance company in other companies shall not exceed 25 per cent of the total capital funds of the finance company. 8

FINANCE COMPANIES (AUDITED ACCOUNTS) DIRECTION NO. 16 OF 1991 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Audited Accounts) Direction No.16 of 1991 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 2. Every finance company shall appoint an Auditor to audit the following financial statements prepared by the company in compliance with section 13 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988:- (a) (b) balance sheet as at the last working day of each financial year; profit and loss account in respect of such year. 3. Every such Auditor appointed to a finance company shall report on the affairs of the company in conformity with the provisions of Section 17 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 23 October 1991 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.685/20 dated 25 October 1991. FINANCE COMPANIES (SINGLE BORROWER LIMIT) DIRECTION NO. 1 OF 1992 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Single Borrower Limit) Direction No.1 of 1992, which shall apply to every finance company registered under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 2. The maximum of a single advance or the aggregate of advances granted to and the aggregate outstanding at any point of time on advances granted to an individual borrower, should not exceed 10 per cent of the capital funds of the registered finance company. 3. The maximum of a single advance or the aggregate of advances granted to and advances in aggregate outstanding at any point of time from any group of corporate or unincorporate borrowers with common directors or common partners or common proprietors should not exceed 15 per cent of the capital funds of such registered finance company. 4. Section 2(1)(d) of the Finance Companies (Lending) Direction No.8 of 1991 will cease to be operative from the date the Finance Companies (Single Borrower Limit) Direction No.1 of 1992 becomes effective. 9

5. In this Direction Capital Funds shall have the same meaning as contained in the definition in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988. Made by the Monetary Board on 19 June 1992 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.720/11 dated 24 June 1992. FINANCE COMPANIES (REVENUE RECOGNITION AND DISCLOSURES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS) DIRECTION NO. 1 OF 1995 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Revenue Recognition and Disclosures in the Financial Statements) Direction No. 1 of 1995 and shall come into operation with effect from 01 April 1995. 2. This Direction shall apply to all finance companies registered under Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988, and shall be read together with any other Direction issued by the Monetary Board before or after the issue of this Direction. 3. Every registered finance company shall in the conduct of its business and in maintaining its records and accounts, follow the standards specified in the Sri Lanka Accounting Standard 33 (SLAS 33) on Revenue Recognition and Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Finance Companies, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka, in February, 1994. 4. The provisions of the aforementioned Accounting Standard shall be incorporated in the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account of each financial year, which are transmitted to the Director of the Dept. of Supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions, in terms of Section 16 of the aforementioned Act. 5. The aforementioned Accounting Standard as it appears in the Sri Lanka Accounting Standard 33, issued in February 1994, is set out below:- Sri Lanka Accounting Standard 33 Revenue Recognition and Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Finance Companies - Sri Lanka Accounting Standard 33 comprises paragraphs 49 to 74 of this Statement. The Standard should be read in the context of paragraphs 1 to 48 of this Statement and the Preface to Sri Lanka Accounting Standards. Recognition of Interest Income 49. The constant periodic rate of return method ensures that no accounting period appears more profitable than any other accounting period measured on the basis of interest income as a proportion of the balance of loans or advances outstanding. Interest income should be allocated to accounting periods during the terms of loans or advances so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on loans or advances outstanding at the end of each period. 10

Lump Sum Receipts 50. When a lump sum is received against loan or advance arrears, the management may exercise its discretion and adopt a uniform basis to apportion it between the principal and interest in arrears. However, funds for the lump sum should not have been obtained by the creation of new loans or debt instruments of the same finance company. Accounting for Revenue 51. Revenue on performing assets (loans or advances) should be recognised on an accrual basis. Dividend income should be recognised when the right to receive payment is established. 52. Revenue on non-performing assets (loans or advances) should be recognised on a cash collection basis from the date of classification as a non-performing asset. Interest falling due from the date of classification as a non-performing asset should be credited to the Interest in Suspense Account. Where a cash collection basis is adopted, any partial repayment received on a non-performing asset should be accounted for in this order: (a) interest income recognised (but not collected) prior to classification as a non-performing asset; and (b) interest in suspense. On rescheduling an outstanding loan or advance, any accrued interest included in the rescheduled amount should be spread over the subsequent repayment period. 53. Service charges and default interest should be accounted for on a cash collection basis. Accounting for Interest Expense 54. Interest expense should be recognised on an accrual basis. Accounting for Provision for Losses on Loans or Advances 55. The provision for losses on loans, advances, debtors, investments, etc., should be based on a constant review throughout the year. The policy for the provision for losses should be viewed in the context of the accounting policy for the non-accrual of interest on non-performing assets, the specific and general provision, and for writing-off bad debts. 56. A general provision should be based on past experience and judgement of economic and political conditions in particular locations and trade sectors. A general provision must be made, in addition to a specific provision, on the balances of loans, advances, debtors, etc., not covered by the specific provision. Asset Valuation 57. The basis of valuation of stock out on hire, loans, advances, debtors, etc., should be at net realizable value. The market values of dealing securities and marketable investment securities should be disclosed, if these values differ from the carrying amounts in the financial statements. 11

Disclosures 58. The accounting policies adopted in respect of interest income, interest expense and provisions for losses on loans and advances should be disclosed. Income Statement 59. A finance company should present an income statement which groups income and expenses by nature, and discloses the amounts of the principal types of income and expenses. 60. In addition to the requirements of other Sri Lanka Accounting Standards, the disclosures in the income statement or the notes to the financial statements should include, but are not limited to, the following items of income and expenses:- interest and similar income interest expense and similar charges dividend income fee and commission income fee and commission expense gains less losses arising from dealing securities gains less losses arising from investment securities gains less losses arising from dealings in foreign currencies other operating income losses on loans and advances general administrative expenses other operating expenses 61. Income and expense items should not be offset except for those relating to hedges and to assets and liabilities which have been offset in accordance with paragraph 64. Balance Sheet 62. A finance company should present a balance sheet that groups assets and liabilities by nature and lists them in an order that reflects their relative liquidity. 63. In addition to the requirements of other Sri Lanka Accounting Standards, the disclosures in the balance sheet or the notes to the financial statements should include, but are not limited to, the following assets and liabilities:- Assets:- cash and balances with banks cash and balances with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Treasury bills and other bills eligible for rediscounting with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka dealing securities placements with, and loans and advances to, other finance companies other money market placements loans and advances to customers (stock out on hire) investment securities balances with its subsidiary and/or associate companies capital expenses not represented by tangible assets, so far as not written-off. 12

Liabilities:- placements from, and loans and advances from, other finance companies other money market deposits amounts owed to other depositors certificates of deposit balances with its subsidiary and/or associate companies. Other Liabilities 64. The amount at which any asset or liability is stated in the balance sheet should not be offset by the deduction of another liability or asset unless a legal right of set-off exists and the offsetting represents the expectation as to the realisation or settlement of the asset or liability. 65. A finance company should disclose the market value of dealing securities and marketable investment securities if these values are different from the carrying amounts in the financial statements. Reserves 66. The amount set aside or proposed to be set aside to or withdrawn from reserves must be shown. Reserves, provisions and liabilities must be distinguished from each other. Contingencies and Commitments Including Off-Balance Sheet Items 67. A finance company should disclose the following contingencies and commitments required by Sri Lanka Accounting Standard 12, Contingencies and Events occurring after the Balance Sheet Date:- (a) (b) the nature and amount of commitments to extend credit that are irrevocable because they cannot be withdrawn at the discretion of the finance company without the risk of incurring significant penalty or expense; and the nature and amount of contingencies and commitments arising from off balance sheet items including those relating to:- (i) (ii) general guarantees of indebtedness, the finance company s acceptance of guarantees and standby letters of credit serving as financial guarantees for loans and securities; certain transaction-related contingencies including performance bonds, bid bonds, warranties and standby letters of credit related to particular transactions; (iii) short-term self-liquidating trade-related contingencies arising from the movement of goods, such as documentary credits where the underlying shipment is used as security; (iv) those sale and repurchase agreements not recognized in the balance sheet; 13

(v) interest and foreign exchange rate related items including swaps, options and futures; and (vi) other commitments and revolving underwriting facilities. Maturities of Assets and Liabilities 68. A finance company should disclose an analysis of assets and liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date. Foreign Currency Exposures 69. A finance company should disclose the amount of significant foreign currency exposures. Losses on Loans and Advances 70. A finance company should disclose the following:- (a) (b) (c) (d) the accounting policy which describes the basis on which uncollectible loans and advances are recognised as expenses and written-off; details of the movements in the provision for losses on loans and advances during the period. It should disclose separately the amount charged to income in the period for losses on uncollectable loans and advances, the amount charged in the period for loans and advances written off and the amount credited in the period for loans and advances previously written off that have been recovered; the aggregate amount of the provision for losses on loans and advances at the balance sheet date; and the aggregate amount included in the balance sheet for loans and advances on which interest is not being accrued and the basis used to determine the carrying amount of such loans and advances. 71. Any amount set aside in respect of losses on loans and advances in addition to those losses that have been specifically identified or potential losses which experience indicates are present in the portfolio of loans and advances should be accounted for as appropriations of retained earnings. Any credits resulting from the reduction of such amounts result in an increase in retained earnings and are not included in the determination of net income. General Financing Risks 72. Any amounts set aside in respect of general financing risks, including future losses and other unforeseeable risks or contingencies in addition to those for which accrual must be made in accordance with Sri Lanka Accounting Standard 12, Contingencies and Events Occurring after the Balance Sheet Date, should be separately disclosed as appropriations of retained earnings. Any credits resulting from the reduction of such amounts result in an increase in retained earnings and are not included in the determination of net income. 14

Assets Pledged as Security 73. A finance company should disclose the aggregate amount of secured liabilities and the nature and carrying amount of the assets pledged as security. Effective Date 74. This Sri Lanka Accounting Standard becomes operative for the financial statements of finance companies covering periods beginning on or after 01 April 1995. Made by the Monetary Board on 15 March 1995 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.862/19 dated 17 March 1995. FINANCE COMPANIES (DEPOSITS-INCENTIVE SCHEMES) DIRECTION NO. 5 OF 2001 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Deposits-Incentive Schemes) Direction No.5 of 2001 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and shall come into operation on the date of its publication in the Gazette. 2. A finance company shall not introduce any incentive schemes for soliciting deposits without obtaining the prior approval of the Director in writing. 3. Any incentive scheme for soliciting deposits from public shall: (i) be within the accepted practices of financial institutions; (ii) bestow on the depositors a real benefit and not something illusory; (iii) not lead to unfair and unethical competition among other financial institutions; (iv) not weaken prudential requirements; (v) be operated directly by the company or where it is undertaken in association with another company, the company providing the benefits shall not be an affiliate or subsidiary company of the finance company concerned or a party of a group to which the finance company belongs; and (vi) not have an adverse impact on the profitability of the company through excessive increase in costs of mobilising deposits. 4. In this Direction :- (a) (b) Incentive Scheme means an arrangement to confer a monetary or material benefit on the depositors other than by way of interest; Director shall have the same meaning as in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988 as amended. Made by the Monetary Board on 25 May 2001 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.1185/30 dated 25 May 2001. 15

FINANCE COMPANIES (CAPITAL FUNDS) DIRECTION NO. 1 OF 2003 4 1. This Direction may be cited as Finance Companies (Capital Funds) Direction No.1 of 2003, and shall apply to every finance company registered under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 as amended by Act No.23 of 1991, and shall come into operation with effect from 01 July 2003. 2. Every finance company shall maintain capital funds which shall not at any time be less than ten (10) per cent of its total deposit liabilities. 3. Every finance company shall :- (a) (b) maintain a reserve fund; and transfer to such reserve fund out of the net profits of each year, after due provision has been made for Taxation and Bad and Doubtful Debts - (i) so long as the capital funds are not less than twenty five (25) per cent of total deposit liabilities, a sum equal to not less than five (5) per cent of the net profits; (ii) so long as the capital funds are less than twenty five (25) per cent of total deposit liabilities, but not less than ten (10) per cent thereof, a sum equal to not less than twenty (20) per cent of the net profits; and (iii) so long as the capital funds are less than ten (10) per cent of the total deposit liabilities, a sum equal to not less than fifty (50) per cent of the net profits. 4. In this Direction :- (i) (ii) capital funds shall have the same meaning as contained in the definition in Section 46 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988; total deposit liabilities mean the average of a finance company s monthend deposit liabilities during the final three months of the financial year, for the purpose of para 3(b) of this Direction. 5. The Finance Companies (Capital Funds) Direction No.9 of 1991 is hereby revoked. Made by the Monetary Board on 23 June 2003 under Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.1295/35 dated 6 July 2003. 4 This Direction was issued by the Monetary Board by revoking the Finance Companies (Capital Funds) Direction No.9 of 1991 which was made on 16 September 1991 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991. 16

FINANCE COMPANIES (DEPOSITS) DIRECTION NO. 1 OF 2005 5 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Deposits) Direction No.1 of 2005 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 as amended by Act No.23 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 2. A finance company shall not accept any deposit repayable on demand or any time deposit repayable after a period of less than one month from the date of receipt of such deposit or more than sixty months from the date of receipt of such deposit, and shall not renew any time deposit received by it, unless such deposit so renewed is repayable not earlier than one month and not later than sixty months from the date of such renewal. However, a finance company may accept savings deposits subject to the provisions of this Direction, Finance Companies (Deposits Incentive Schemes) Direction No.5 of 2001, Finance Companies (Capital Funds) Direction No.1 of 2003, Finance Companies (Interest) Direction No.2 of 2005, Finance Companies (Liquid Assets) Direction No.3 of 2005 and Finance Companies (Advertising) Rule No.1 of 2001. 3. (i) Every finance company shall furnish to every depositor a certificate in respect of each and every time deposit received which for all purposes shall be deemed to be an acknowledgement of acceptance of a certain sum of money by the finance company. In the case of renewal of a time deposit a renewal notice shall be issued to the depositor concerned. (ii) Every such certificate or renewal notice shall be signed by two officers who are authorised by the Board of Directors of the finance company for the purpose of accepting/renewing deposits and issuing of such acknowledgement/renewal notice indicating clearly the following information:- (a) registered name and address of the finance company; (b) date of deposit/renewal of deposit; (c) name of depositor, national identity card number or passport number and the address of the depositor; (d) amount of money received by the finance company by way of deposit or renewal of deposit in words and figures; (e) the annual rate of interest payable and the basis of payment (monthly or at maturity); (f) date on which the deposit is repayable; (g) names of officers who sign the acknowledgement/renewal notice; (h) serial number of the certificate; (i) account number of the deposit. 5 This Direction was issued by the Monetary Board by revoking Finance Companies (Deposits) Direction No.1 of 2002 which was made on 13 September 2002 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 1253/2A dated 13 September 2002, revoking the Finance Companies (Deposits) Direction No.6 of 1991 published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.680/11 dated 18 September 1991 and as amended by the Notice published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 893/8 dated 18 October 1999 and the Finance Companies (Deposits) (Amendment) Direction No. 1 of 2001 published in Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 1174/13 dated 7 March 2001. 17

4. Every finance company shall maintain a record of the following particulars in respect of each time deposit :- (a) Account number; (b) Name, address and national identity card number or passport number of each depositor; (c) Principal amount of such deposit; (d) Date of deposit/date of renewal; (e) Duration and the maturity date of each deposit; (f) Rate of interest and the basis of payment of interest (monthly or at maturity); (g) The amount of accrued interest (if any); (h) Date and amount of each payment (principal or interest); (i) Serial number of the certificate. 5. Every finance company upon acceptance of savings deposits shall issue to a depositor, a document containing the terms governing the operations of savings accounts in all three languages and a pass book or such other document acceptable to the Director for recording the operations of the account including the following particulars:- (a) (b) (c) (d) Registered name and address of the finance company; Name of the branch; Name, date of birth, national identity card number and the address of the account holder; and Account number. 6. Every finance company shall maintain a record of the following particulars in respect of each savings account :- (a) (b) (c) (d) Name, date of birth, national identity card number and the address of the account holder; Account number; Date, amount and description of every credit or debit made to the savings account; and Outstanding balance at any particular time. 7. Every finance company shall submit to the Director a statement, within three months after the end of every financial year, giving the following particulars, as at the end of such financial year, in respect of every time deposit which has not been repaid/renewed by the finance company after the date on which the deposit became due for repayment or renewal as the case may be :- (a) (b) (c) (d) Name and address of the depositor; Amount of the deposit; Amount of the accrued interest; Last date on which any written correspondence was received by the company from the depositor or his/her lawful representative; and 18

(e) Action taken or proposed to be taken by the finance company for the repayment of the amount of the deposit and its accrued interest. 8. Every finance company shall submit to the Director a statement, within three months after the end of every financial year, giving the following particulars, as at the end of such financial year, on every savings account in respect of which there has been no deposit or withdrawal for 5 years or more: (a) (b) (c) (d) Name and address of the account holder; Amount outstanding including accumulated interest as at the end of the immediately preceding financial year; and Last date on which any written communication was received from the depositor or his/her lawful representative; and Action taken or proposed to be taken by the finance company to repay the amount outstanding on the account. 9. A finance company shall not accept any funds to the credit of a savings account unless it is in the form of cash or any acceptable money transfer document such as a cheque issued in favour of the account holder. 10. In this Direction:- (i) time deposit means any deposit accepted by a finance company with an agreement to repay after a specified period of time; (ii) Director means the Director of the Department of Supervision of Non-Bank (iii) Financial Institutions of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka; Board of Directors means the Board of Directors of the Company, other than any directors appointed by the Monetary Board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 11. The Finance Companies (Deposits) Direction No.1 of 2002 is hereby revoked. Made by the Monetary Board on 31 January 2005 under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 1378/12 dated 01 February 2005. FINANCE COMPANIES (INTEREST) DIRECTION NO. 2 OF 2005 6 1. This Direction may be cited as the Finance Companies (Interest) Direction No. 2 of 2005 and shall apply to every finance company registered in terms of Section 2 of the Finance Companies Act No. 78 of 1988 as amended by Act No. 23 of 1991 and shall come into operation with immediate effect. 6 This Direction was issued by the Monetary Board by revoking the Finance Companies (Interest) Direction No.6 of 2001 which was published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 1199/22 dated 30 August 2001 revoking the Finance Companies (Interest Direction) No. 3 of 1991, which was made on 16.09.1991 and published in Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 680/11 dated 18.09.1991. 19

2. (a) The maximum annual rate of interest which may be paid by any finance company on a time deposit accepted or renewed during any quarter shall not exceed: (i) (ii) the weighted average yield applicable to 364-day Treasury Bills issued during the immediately preceding quarter increased by 3 percentage points if such deposit carries a maturity period of 12 months or less; the weighted average yield applicable to 364-day Treasury Bills issued during the immediately preceding quarter increased by 6 percentage points if such deposit carries a maturity period of more than 12 months. (b) The maximum rate of discount which may be allowed by a finance company on the sale, during any quarter, of a bond or other instrument of which the price is less than the redeemable value at maturity shall be such that the maximum annual yield on the instrument shall not exceed: (i) the weighted average yield applicable to 364-day Treasury Bills issued during the immediately preceding quarter increased by 3 percentage points if such bond or instrument carries a period of maturity of 12 months or less; (ii) the weighted average yield applicable to 364-day Treasury Bills issued during the immediately preceding quarter increased by 6 percentage points if such bond or instrument carries a maturity period of more than 12 months. 3. The maximum annual rate of interest which may be paid by a finance company on any savings deposit, during any quarter shall not exceed the weighted average yield applicable to 90-day Treasury Bills issued during the immediately preceding quarter; 4. In this Direction, time deposit shall have the same meaning as in Finance Companies (Deposits) Direction No.1 of 2005. 5. The Finance Companies (Interest) Direction No. 6 of 2001 is hereby revoked. Made by the Monetary Board on 31 January 2005 under the Finance Companies Act No.78 of 1988 and published in the Government Gazette (Extraordinary) No.1378/12 dated 01 February 2005. 20