Dundee Partnership Fairness Strategy

Dundee Partnership Fairness Strategy 2014 Electoral Ward Profile 1

2

Contents Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Poverty Definition 2 2.1 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012 2 2.2 Benefit and Tax Credit Data Sets 2 3 Dundee City Council Overview 3 4 Poverty Topic Indicators 5 4.1 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 5 4.1.1 Income Deprivation 6 4.1.2 Employment Deprivation 6 4.2 Economic Activity 7 4.2.1 Jobseekers Allowance Claimants 7 4.2.2 Working Age Population Claiming Key Benefits 7 4.2.3 Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance Claimants 9 5 Child Poverty 10 5.1 Children in 15% Most Deprived SIMD and Income Domain 2012 10 5.1.1 Percentage of Children Living in Low Income Households 10 5.1.2 School Entitlements - Pupils Registered for Free School Meals - 2013 12 5.5 In work Poverty 13 5.5.1 Working Tax Credits 13 5.6 Housing Tenure 14 6 Appendix 1 - Indicator Information 15 7 References 16 3

Tables Table 1: Dundee City Population 2013 4 Table 2: Percentage of Population claiming Jobseekers Allowance: 2012Q04 Dundee and Scotland 7 Table 3: Percentage of Population Key Benefits: 2012Q04 8 Table 4: Population Claiming Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance: Dundee and Scotland 2012Q04 9 Table 5: Tenure Composition for Dundee City and the Eight Electoral Wards 14 Charts Chart 1: Percentage Population Living within the 15% Most Deprived (SIMD 2012) 5 Chart 2: Percentage of Population That Are Income Deprived (SIMD 2012) 6 Chart 3: Percentage of Population That Are Employment Deprived (SIMD 2012) 6 Chart 4: Percentage of Children Living in 15% Most Income Deprived SIMD 2012 10 Chart 5: Percentage of Children Living in 15% Most Income Deprived SIMD 2012 10 Chart 6: Children in Low Income Households by Dundee City Wards, 2013 11 Chart 7: Percentage of Pupils Registered for Free School Meals - primary schools 2013 12 Chart 8: Percentage of Pupils Registered for Free School Meals - secondary schools 2013 12 Chart 9: All Families in Work Receiving WTC and CT3 as a % of dwellings 2009/10 13 4

Introduction The Dundee City Fairness Strategy Electoral Wards Profile details data sources to try and ascertain a better understanding of the issue of poverty within Dundee City Council Local Authority. 1 The profile is structured as follows: Section 2 briefly discusses the current views on measuring poverty and the data sources that have been mentioned. Section 3 provides an overview of the Dundee City Council Local Authority area and demographic. Section 4 breaks down the aim of identifying levels of poverty that exist in Dundee City by examining different data sets within broad topic areas. These areas are: Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Economic Activity Child Poverty In-Work Poverty Housing Section 5 contains the Appendix which contains some metadata about income indicators used. Section 6 contains references used within the poverty profile. This report is an update to the profiles that were first produced in 2011 and these can be found on the Dundee Partnership website using the following link: http://www.dundeepartnership.co.uk/content/performance-monitoring 1

2 Poverty Definition It is important to note that there is no official measurement of poverty for Scotland or the UK. It has been recommended those with a household income 60 percent of the median income should be used as the measure of income poverty and this is now the favoured measure of the UK government. This report uses a combination of data sources to try and best provide a profile of poverty that exists in Dundee City. These data sources are valid when identifying poverty within the Local Authority and have been referenced within recent poverty related publications. 2.1 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012 The report uses information from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012, which was produced by the Scottish Government, and the Income Domain which are best suited to identifying poverty levels within Dundee City. Multiple Deprivation is a broader concept than poverty. There may be more merit in using the income deprivation domain as a more accurate proxy for poverty. (Mckendrick, J, Mooney, G, Dickie, J, Kelly, P, 2011) 2.2 Benefit and Tax Credit Data Sets There is some merit in using information on benefit claimants to estimate poverty. Source: Mckendrick, J, Mooney, G, Dickie, J, Kelly, P, 2011 Much use is made of benefit information in identifying those who are not in employment and receiving benefits as their main source of income. Other benefit information is used to identify those who are in work but are on low income from employment. These data sets are used to identify the number of low income households. Combined with data on child tax credits, the number of children living in low income households can also be discussed. Tax credit data is published by HM Revenue and Customs and could be used to estimate the level of in-work poverty for children. Helpfully, HM Revenue and Customs publishes the data alongside counts of out-of-work claimants. Together, this provides a more complete poverty count for children (counting in-work low-income and out-of-work families) Source: Mckendrick, J, Mooney, G, Dickie, J, Kelly, P, 2011 the number of children living in households that are dependent on out-of-work benefits or child tax credit more than the family element...as one of the best child poverty proxy indicators available at local authority level Source: Scottish Government The use of Local Authority data sets of School Entitlements to free school meals is also explicitly mentioned as a useful approach to identifying levels of poverty within the authority. The proportion of those eligible for local welfare benefits - such as free school meals, school clothing grants or educational maintenance allowance - could also be useful as proxies for local poverty. Source: Scottish Government 2

Dundee City Council Overview 3 The most recent estimate of Dundee s population is 147,800 (General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) 2012 Mid-year population estimate). Dundee has a sizeable student population, and is home to the University of Dundee, the University of Abertay Dundee and Dundee & Angus College. The Dundee City Council area covers 6,300 hectares (24 square miles) and is, geographically, the smallest local authority area in Scotland. It is bordered by Perth and Kinross Council to the west and Angus Council to the north and east. The former Tayside Regional Council area previously covered all three councils, and Dundee continues to serve as the regional centre for this area and north-east Fife, with an estimated catchment population of some 400,000 people. Dundee City Council - Electoral Wards The above map shows the Dundee City Council Electoral Ward boundaries. Table 1 on the next page shows the population age group composition of Dundee City Council Electoral Wards. 3

Dundee City Council Overview Table 1: Dundee City Population 2013 Wards Total Population - Children (%) : 2013 Total Population - Working Age (%) : 2013 Coldside 13.0 61.8 25.2 East End 19.7 57.7 22.6 Lochee 18.4 59.8 21.8 Maryfield 13.1 71.8 15.2 North East 22.8 61.4 15.8 Strathmartine 20.6 59.2 20.2 The Ferry 15.9 55.5 28.6 West End 11.3 75.5 13.2 Dundee City 16.6 63.3 20.2 Total Population - Pensionable Age (%) : 2013 Source: GROS Mid Year Estimates 2013 4

Poverty Topic Indicators 4.1 Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation According to the Scottish Government: 4 The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2012 identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland in a fair way. The SIMD can be used to identify Scotland s most deprived small areas on the overall index and each individual domain, commonly by applying a cut off such as 10%, 15% or 20%. The cut off should be informed by whether it aims to target areas with the very highest concentrations of deprivation or to be wider ranging Chart 1: Percentage Population Living within the 15% Most Deprived (SIMD 2012) 60.0% 54.1% 53.3% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Lochee East End 42.0% Strathmartine 37.8% North East 31.6% Coldside 23.3% Maryfield 0.0% 0.0% The Ferry West End Dundee Scotland Source: SIMD 2012 Chart 1 shows that six out of the eight Dundee City wards are above the Scottish average (14.2%) of percentage population living within the 15% most deprived areas in Scotland. The West End and The Ferry wards have no data zones ranked within the 15% most deprived. The Lochee and East End wards have approximately half of there population living within the 15% Most deprived areas. Strathmartine and North East wards are over a third of the population. Five of the Dundee City wards are above the Dundee average of 28.8%. This is due to the zero totals for the two wards with no population living in a 15% most deprived areas, this lowers the average for Dundee City as a whole. 5

Poverty Topic Indicators 4.1.1 Income Deprivation Chart 2: Percentage of Population That Are Income Deprived (SIMD 2012) 30.0% 26.3% 25.0% 20.0% 22.0% 21.9% 21.7% 19.6% 17.1% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 9.7% 7.1% Dundee Scotland 0.0% Lochee East End Strathmartine North East Coldside Maryfield The Ferry West End Source: SIMD 2012 As in Chart 1 the West End and The Ferry wards are below the City and Scotland average. Chart 2 shows that the Lochee ward has over a quarter of the population classed as income deprived, and the wards of East End, Strathmartine and North East have over a fifth of their population classed as income deprived. 4.1.2 Employment Deprivation Chart 3: Percentage of Population That Are Employment Deprived (SIMD 2012) 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 24.5% 22.1% 21.5% 19.6% 18.0% 17.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 9.3% 7.2% Dundee Scotland 0.0% Lochee East End Strathmartine North East Coldside Maryfield The Ferry West End Source: SIMD 2012 A similar picture occurs of the same six wards above the Scottish average when looking at the percentage of the working age population classed as employment deprived. 6

Poverty Topic Indicators 4.2 Economic Activity 4.2.1 Jobseekers Allowance Claimants Jobseeker s Allowance (JSA) is a contributory or income based, taxable benefit. JSA replaced Unemployment Benefit and Income Support for unemployed people in October 1996. Indicator information can be found in Appendix 1. Table 2: Percentage of Population claiming Jobseekers Allowance: 2012Q04 Dundee and Scotland Multi Member Wards % of population aged 16-24 claiming JSA : 2012Q04 % of population aged 25-49 claiming JSA : 2012Q04 % of population aged 50 to 64 claiming JSA : 2012Q04 Lochee 12.3% 8.9% 3.4% 7.9% East End 9.5% 9.7% 3.5% 7.6% Coldside 8.3% 7.6% 5.0% 7.0% North East 9.5% 7.6% 1.9% 6.3% Maryfield 4.9% 7.3% 4.6% 6.1% Strathmartine 8.6% 6.5% 3.1% 5.8% West End 1.8% 3.9% 3.8% 3.1% The Ferry 2.7% 1.6% 0.7% 1.4% Dundee City 6.2% 6.4% 3.2% 5.5% Scotland 5.7% 4.2% 2.1% 3.8% % of 16-64 population claiming JSA : 2012Q04 Source: www.sns.gov.uk Table 2 shows that in quarter 4 of 2012 Dundee City had a percentage of its working age population claiming jobseekers allowance which was higher than the national average. This also applies to all the sub age group categories. JSA claimants in the 16 to 24 years category was closest to the Scottish average, and claimants in the 25 to 49 years category had the biggest difference from the Scottish average. Table 2 highlights the difference in JSA claimants between Dundee City wards. The East End and Lochee wards were approximately double the Scottish average for percentage of working age claiming JSA. Six of the eight wards were above the Dundee City average figure for percentage working age JSA claimants. It is worth noting that all Wards (except the Ferry which has stayed the same at 2.7%) have seen a reduction in the percentage of the population aged 16-24 claiming JSA since the previous quarter. Most notably Lochee has decreased from 14.6% to 12.3%, North East from 12.6% to 9.5%. 7

Poverty Topic Indicators 4.2.2 Working Age Population Claiming Key Benefits Working Age Client Group Data refers to numbers of Working Age Benefit Claimants categorised by their statistical group. The groups contained within this grouping can be found in the indicator information in Appendix 1. Table 3: Percentage of Population Key Benefits: 2012Q04 Multi Member Wards % population 16 to 24 claiming Key Benefits : 2012Q04 % population 25 to 49 claiming Key Benefits : 2012Q04 % population 50-64 claiming Key Benefits : 2012Q04 East End 23.5 34.4 31.7 31.2 Lochee 24.7 27.6 26.9 26.8 Coldside 17.4 25.1 33.9 26.1 North East 20.6 24.9 27.2 24.7 Strathmartine 18.9 24.5 24.2 23.3 Maryfield 9.9 20.2 31.7 19.6 West End 4.5 11.9 22.9 10.8 The Ferry 6.7 7.9 10.1 8.5 Dundee City 13.3 21.2 25.2 20.5 Scotland 12.7 15.4 19.0 16.0 % population aged 16-64 claiming Key Benefits : 2012Q04 Source: www.sns.gov.uk Table 3 shows that in quarter 4 of 2012, six of the eight Dundee City wards were above the national average for percentage of the population aged 16-64 claiming key benefits. Key benefit claims in the East End ward is almost double the national average, and Lochee, North East and Coldside wards have around a quarter of the working age population claiming key benefits.. There are high percentages of young people claiming key benefits in East End, North East, Lochee, Strathmartine and Coldside. 8

Poverty Topic Indicators 4.2.3 Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance Claimants Incapacity Benefit (IB) or Severe Disablement Allowance (SDA) are benefits that are paid to those who are assessed as being incapable of work and who meet the appropriate contribution conditions. Table 4: Population Claiming Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance: Dundee and Scotland 2012Q04 Multi Member Wards East End 5.2 Coldside 4.9 North East 4.2 Lochee 4.0 Strathmartine 4 Maryfield 3.4 West End 2.2 The Ferry 1.7 Dundee City 3.5 Scotland 2.7 % of population aged 16 plus claiming IB or SDA : 2012Q04 Table 4 continues the trend from previous tables by displaying the same six wards having a greater percentage of its population (16 years +) claiming IB or SDA than the Scottish average figure. It is worth noting that with the exception of Strathmartine, all wards have seen a decrease in those claiming IB or SDA between quarters 3 and 4 of 2012. Indicator information can be found in Appendix 1. Source: www.sns.gov.uk 9

5 Child Poverty 5.1 Children in 15% Most Deprived SIMD and Income Domain 2012 Chart 4 shows for each Dundee City Ward, the percentage of children (0-15 years) that are estimated to live in the 15% most deprived data zones. Chart 4: Percentage of Children Living in 15% Most Deprived SIMD 2012 70.0% 60.0% 61.3% 60.5% 53.0% 50.0% 42.8% 40.0% 35.3% 30.0% 20.0% 23.8% Dundee Scotland 10.0% 0.0% East End Lochee Strathmartine North East Coldside Maryfield 0.0% 0.0% The Ferry West End Source: SIMD 2012 The East End ward has almost two thirds of children (61.3%) living in areas ranked within the worst areas for deprivation in Scotland. Lochee has the second highest percentage (60.5%). Strathmartine has over half (53%)of its children living within the 15% most deprived areas. Chart 5 shows for each Dundee City ward, the percentage of children (0-15 years) that are estimated to live in the 15% most income deprived data zones. Chart 5: Percentage of Children Living in 15% Most Income Deprived SIMD 2012 70.0% 64.5% 60.0% 55.4% 50.0% 40.0% 45.8% 42.6% 41.9% 30.0% 20.0% 16.0% Dundee Scotland 10.0% 0.0% East End Lochee North East Coldside Strathmartine Maryfield 2.1% The Ferry 0.0% West End Source: SIMD 2012 Chart 5 shows the same pattern as Chart 4, with the East End and Lochee wards having over half of the children living in areas within the 15% most income deprived. Similarly the wards of The Ferry and West End are either zero or barely above zero. 10

Child Poverty 5.1.1 Percentage of Children Living in Low Income Households Chart 6 shows the percentage of children living in out of work families (those that are dependent on out of work benefits and Child Tax Credit). For tax credit and benefit purposes a child is a person aged 0-15 years inclusive plus those aged 16-19 inclusive in full-time non-advanced education. In 2013 six wards were greater than the national average. In the East End ward over a third of all children are in low income households. Coldside, North East, Strathmartine, Lochee and Maryfield all had over a quarter of all children from low income households. Chart 6: Children in Low Income Households by Dundee City Wards, 2013 40.0% 35.0% 36.0% 30.0% 28.6% 28.6% 28.3% 28.2% 27.3% 25.0% 20.0% 16.9% 15.0% Dundee 10.0% 6.6% Scotland 5.0% 0.0% East End Coldside North East Strathmartine Lochee Maryfield West End The Ferry Source: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/households-below-average-income-hbai--2 The number of children living in households that are dependent on out of work benefits OR Child Tax Credit more than the family element is from Table 2 of HMRC Child and Working Tax Credits Statistics Finalised Awards Geographical Analyses. The source data are available here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/households-below-average-income-hbai--2 11

Child Poverty 5.1.2 School Entitlements - Pupils Registered for Free School Meals - 2013 Charts 7 and 8 show the percentage of primary and secondary school pupils in each ward that are registered with local authorities for free school meals. Chart 7: Percentage of Pupils Registered for Free School Meals - Primary Schools 2013 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 38% East End 34% 32% 31% 30% 30% North East Strathmartine Lochee Maryfield Coldside 18% West End 7% The Ferry Dundee Source: Scottish Government3, school.stats@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Chart 7 shows that over a third of all primary pupils in the East End and North East wards are eligible to be entitled to free school meals. Excluding The Ferry and West End, the remaining wards all have more than a quarter of primary school pupils eligible. Chart 8: Percentage of Pupils Registered for Free School Meals - Secondary Schools 2013 35% 30% 25% 32% 31% 29% 28% 26% 25% 20% 15% 16% 10% 5% 5% Dundee 0% Lochee East End Coldside Maryfield Strathmartine North East West End The Ferry Source: Scottish Government3, school.stats@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Chart 8 shows the same ward pattern of percentage of children eligible for free school meals in secondary school as in primary. The East End and Lochee wards have just under a third of children eligible, the other wards, apart from The Ferry and West End, all have over a fifth of secondary school children eligible. 12

Child Poverty 5.2 In work Poverty 5.2.1 Working Tax Credits Tax credits are a flexible system of financial support designed to deliver support as and when a family needs it, tailored to their specific circumstances. They are part of wider government policy to provide support to parents returning to work, reduce child poverty and increase financial support for all families. It is important to note that it provides in-work support for people on low incomes, with or without children. Chart 9: All Families in Work Receiving WTC and CTC, as a Percentage of Dwellings 2009/10 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 25.90% 23.20% 20.30% 17.60% 14.60% 12.30% 10.60% 9.30% Dundee 5.00% 0.00% North East Strathmartine East End Lochee The Ferry Maryfield Coldside West End Source: www.sns.gov.uk In 2009/10 Dundee City had 11,865 families in work that were in receipt of either Working Tax Credits (WTC) or Child Tax Credits (CTC). In the absence of the household counts for wards, Chart 9 uses the dwelling count for the wards to establish what percentage of all families are receiving tax credits. Chart 9 shows the differences between the Dundee City wards in the percentages of families that are in work and in receipt of either WTC or CTC. The North East has over a quarter (25.9%) of all families that are in work receiving either of these tax credits, followed by Strathmartine (23.2%), East End (20.3%) and Lochee (17.6%) all above the Dundee City Average (16%). 13

Child Poverty 5.3 Housing Tenure Table 5 contains the tenure composition for Dundee City and the eight electoral wards. Almost half the residential properties are owner occupied, both Local Authority housing and privately rented properties are 20% each and those properties owned by Registered Social Landlords are just over 10%. Table 5 shows how the tenure composition differs greatly within the electoral wards. Dundee City Council Housing Stock ranges from almost 40% in East End Ward to less than 5% in the Ferry. Owner Occupied properties are generally a high proportion of the tenures but range from over 80% in The Ferry to 33% in Maryfield. Privately rented properties are highest in Maryfield which is to be expected as the most of the flats within the City Centre are privately rented out. The West End also has a high proportion of privately rented residential properties, this can be attributed to a high number of students from the Universities Registered Social Landlord properties are most concentrated in the North East ward and least common in The Ferry ward. Table 5: Tenure Composition for Dundee City and the Eight Electoral Wards Dundee Council Housing Stock Owner Occupied Privately Rented Registered Social Landlord Total Coldside 30% 38% 23% 10% 100% East End 39% 48% 6% 8% 100% Lochee 34% 48% 9% 8% 100% Maryfield 9% 33% 44% 15% 100% North East 14% 53% 5% 28% 100% Strathmartine 19% 60% 7% 14% 100% The Ferry 4% 82% 12% 3% 100% West End 8% 38% 40% 14% 100% Dundee City 20% 49% 19% 12% 100% Source: DCC datasets: CAG, Housing Stock, Landlord Registration, and RSL datasets - May 2011. 14

Appendix 1 - Indicator Information 6 Jobseeker s Allowance (JSA) is a contributory or income based, taxable benefit. JSA replaced Unemployment Benefit and Income Support for unemployed people in October 1996. It is payable to people under pensionable age who are available for, and actively seeking work with some exclusions. Working Age Client Group Data refers to numbers of Working Age Benefit Claimants and is derived from 100% source; the Work and Pensions Longitudinal Study (WPLS). The dataset provides counts of benefits claimants categorised by their statistical group. Each claimant can only be assigned to one of the 8 groups, in the following priority order: Job Seekers Allowance claimants; Incapacity Benefit or Severe Disablement Allowance claimants; Lone Parents Income support claimants with a child under 16 and no partner; Carers Allowance claimants; Others on Income Related Benefit Other income support (including IS Disability premium) or Pension Credit claimants under State Pension age; Disabled Disability Living Allowance (DLA); Bereaved Widows Benefit, Bereavement Benefit or Industrial Death Benefit claimants; Unknown DLA data are not available until May 2002 and prior to this, claimants who would have appeared in the disabled category or below are classed as unknown. Incapacity Benefits include Severe Disability Allowance (SDA) and Incapacity Benefit (IB). SDA was introduced in November 1984, claimants were aged between 16 and 65 when they made their claim and been incapable of work for at least 28 weeks. There is no upper age limit for receiving the allowance once it has been awarded. Since April 2001 it has not been possible to make a new claim for SDA. IB replaced Sickness and Invalidity Benefits from April 1995. It is paid to people who are assessed as being incapable of work and who meet the appropriate contribution conditions. 15

7 References CACI Paycheck, http://www.caci.co.uk/paycheck.aspx HMRC, Child and Working Tax Credits Statistics Finalised Awards Geographical Analyses http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/stats/personal-tax-credits/cwtc-geog-stats.htm Mckendrick, J, Mooney, G, Dickie, J, Kelly, P, 2011, Poverty in Scotland 2011, 2011, CPAG Scottish Government, - www.scotland.gov.uk/resource/doc/933/0088607.xls Scottish Government1, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/simd Scottish Government2,, Relative poverty across Scottish Local Authorities http://www.scotland.gov.uk/publications/2010/08/26155956/41 Scottish Government3, School Meals in Scotland, 2012 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/browse/school-education/schoolmealsdatasets SNS, Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics, www.sns.gov.uk Dundee City Datasets: Corporate Address Gazetteer (CAG) managed by Joanna Wilkie. Council Housing Stock - Housing Investment Unit May 2011 managed by Paul Gruenwald. Landlord Registration Scheme data managed by Private Sector Support Unit - Licensing dept. Registered Social Landlord data obtained from all Housing Associations and monitored new builds. 16

17

Produced by: Tony Jenkins Senior Information & Research Officer Corporate Information & Research Team Chief Executive Department e: anthony.jenkins@dundeecity.gov.uk t: 01382 433219 Design by PR Dept DCC FA 8/14 18