EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS - PDF Free Download

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNNGS U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics November

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Robert B. Reich, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATSTCS Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner E&E Employment and Earnings (SSN 13-684), is prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications and Special Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error. The State agencies are listed on the inside back cover. November Vol. 42 No. 11 Calendar of Features n addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment and Earnings, special features appear in most of the issues as shown below. Household data Annual averages Union affiliation Earnings by detailed occupation Jan. Jan. Jan. Employment and Earnings may be ordered from: New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 1525-7954. Phone (22) 512-2168. Subscription price per year $31 domestic and $38.75 foreign. Single copy $13 domestic and $16.25 foreign. Prices are subject to change by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Correspondence concerning subscriptions, including address changes and missing issues, should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 242. Phone (22) 512-233. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Employment and Earnings, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 242. Communications on material in this publication should be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 2212. Specific questions concerning the data in this publication should be directed as follows: Household data, (22) 66-6373 or 6378; national establishment data, 66-6555; State and area establishment data, 66-6559; and State and area labor force data, 66-6392. Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at additional mailing addresses. Employee absences Revised seasonally adjusted series Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data Establishment data National annual averages: ndustry divisions (preliminary) ndustry detail Women employees National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new seasonal adjustment factors Jan. Jan. Jan., Apr., July, Jan. March, June March, June June Revised historical national data Bulletin 1 State and area annual revisions State and area annual averages March May nformation in this publication will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone (22) 66-STAT; TDD phone: (22) 66-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-8-326-2577. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Area definitions State and area labor force data Annual revisions Annual averages May March May 'The most recent publication was issued in September as Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, 199-95, BLS Bulletin 2465, and is available from: New Orders, U.S. Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 1525-7954, at $23 a copy, GPO Stock Number 29-1-3216-1.

Employment and Earnings Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker Contents Page List of statistical tables 2 Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error 4 Employment and unemployment developments, October 5 Summary tables and charts 7 Explanatory notes and estimates of error 137 ndex to statistical tables 174 Statistical tables Source Historical Seasonall y adjusted seasonally adjusted Household data 9 11 2 Establishment data: Employment: National 44 48 65 State 53 78 Area 78 Hours and earnings: National 45 61 96 State and area 119 Local area labor force data: Region 123 State 125 13 Area 13

Monthly Household Data Historical Page A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date 9 A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1984 to date 1 Seasonally Adjusted Data Employment Status A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age 11 A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin 12 A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age 14 Characteristics of the Employed A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status 15 A-7. Employed persons by age and sex 16 Characteristics of the A-8. persons by age and sex 16 A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex 17 A-1. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics 18 A-ll. persons by reason for unemployment 19 A-12. persons by duration of unemployment 19 Not Seasonally Adjusted Data Employment Status A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race 2 A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 23 A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 24 A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race 26 Characteristics of the Employed A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age 27 A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex 28 A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation 29 A-2. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker 3 A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work 31 A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status 31 A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status 32 A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status.. 33 A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status 34 Characteristics of the A-26. persons by marital status, race, age, and sex 35 A-27. persons by occupation and sex 36 A-28. persons by industry and sex 37 A-29. persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race 38 A-3. persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment 39 A-31. persons, total and full-time workers, by duration of unemployment 39 A-32. persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment 4 A-33. persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment 41 Persons Not in the Labor Force A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex 41 Multiple Jobholders A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics 42 Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age 42 2

Monthly Establishment Data Page Historical B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1944 to date 44 B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date 45 Seasonally Adjusted Data Employment National States B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups 48 B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 5 B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 51 B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change 52 B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry 53 Hours and Earnings National B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by 61 B-9. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 62 B-1. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry 63 B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry 64 Not Seasonally Adjusted Data Employment National B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry 65 B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group 77 States and Areas B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry 78 Hours and Earnings National B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry 96 B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SC 3761) manufacturing 116 B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls 117 B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars 118 States and Areas B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas... 119 Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data Seasonally Adjusted Data C-l. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions 123 C-2. Labor force status by State 125 Not Seasonally Adjusted Data C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas 13

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error Page ntroduction 137 Relation between the household and establishment series 137 Comparability of household data with other series 138 Comparability of payroll employment data with other series 138 Household data 139 Collection and coverage 139 Concepts and definitions 139 Historical comparability 142 Changes in concepts and methods 142 Noncomparability of labor force levels 143 Changes in the occupational and industrial classification systems 145 Sampling 145 Selection of sample areas 146 Selection of sample households 146 Rotation of sample 147 CPS sample, 1947 to present 147 Estimating methods 147 Noninterview adjustment 148 Ratio estimates 148 First stage 148 Second stage 148 Composite estimation procedure 148 Rounding of estimates 149 Reliability of the estimates 149 Nonsampling error 149 Sampling error 149 Tables 1-B through 1-H 15 Establishment data 157 Collection 157 Concepts 157 Establishment data Continued Estimating methods 16 Benchmarks 16 Monthly estimation 16 Stratification 16 Link relative technique 16 Bias adjustment 16 Summary of methods table 161 The sample 162 Design 162 Coverage 163 Reliability 163 Measures of error tables 163 Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error 163 Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings 164 Standard errors for differences between industries and times 164 Noneconomic code changes 164 Revisions between preliminary and final data 167 Statistics for States and areas 167 Region, State, and area labor force data 17 Federal-State cooperative program 17 Estimating methods 17 Estimates for States 17 Current monthly estimates 17 Benchmark correction procedures 171 Estimates for sub-state areas 171 Preliminary estimate- Employment 171 Unemployment 171 Sub-State adjustment for additivity 171 Benchmark correction 171 Seasonal adjustment 172 4

Employment and Unemployment Developments, October Nonfarm payroll employment increased in October and the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at percent. The number of payroll jobs increased by 116,, as several service-producing industries and construction experienced gains. Manufacturing employment was down, reflecting a strike in the aircraft industry. Unemployment Both the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate were about unchanged in October at 7.2 million and percent, respectively. The jobless rate has remained in a very narrow range in recent months. The unemployment rate for adult men fell four-tenths of a percentage point in October to percent. The rate for blacks (9.9 percent) also fell; this series often fluctuates widely from month to month. The rates for adult women ( percent), teenagers (17.1 percent), whites ( percent), and Hispanics (9.4 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-3 and A-4.) Total employment and the labor force Total employment, at 12 million in October, changed little over the month. The proportion of the working-age population that was employed (the employment-population ratio) was 63. percent in October. This ratio has been at or near that level over the past 12 months. The number of persons working part time for economic reasons fell slightly in October to million. This series has shown no clear trend for more than a year. (See tables A-3 and A-6.) The number of workers who held more than one job in October was 8. million (not seasonally adjusted). These multiple jobholders comprised 6.3 percent of the total employed, little different from a year earlier. (See table A-35.) The civilian labor force, at a seasonally adjusted level of 132.6 million in October, was unchanged from the previous month. The labor force participation rate also was unchanged at 66.6 percent. (See table A-3.) Persons not in the labor force About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in October that is, they wanted and were available for work but had stopped looking for jobs sometime in the prior 12 months. This was about the same number as a year earlier. The number of discouraged workers persons who had stopped looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available to them was 412, in October. (See table A-34.) ndustry payroll employment Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 116, in October to 117. million, after seasonal adjustment. The increase was held down by a net rise in strike activity, which removed 23, workers from payrolls. Most industry divisions in the service-producing sector showed job gains over the month. (See table B-3.) Employment in the services industry rose by 57, in October, the second straight month of relatively slow growth. Sizable increases occurred in health, engineering and management, and auto repair services. Employment in business services, which had grown by nearly 4, jobs over the year ending in September, was essentially unchanged in October, as further gains in computer services were offset by a decline in personnel supply. There were small declines in several other services industries. Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 22,, more than reversing a decline in the previous month. A job gain of 14, in trucking and warehousing included a return of 5, workers who had been on strike. Air transportation added 6, jobs for the second consecutive month. Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose sharply; the increase of 18, resulted from strength in real estate, mortgage banking, and credit agencies. Wholesale trade also added workers, largely in durable goods distribution. Employment in retail trade was little changed, following a large increase in the previous month. While auto dealers and service stations posted a sizable job gain, there was a decline of similar magnitude in miscellaneous retail (such as drug stores and catalog companies). Employment in eating and drinking places declined in October, reversing an increase in September. Manufacturing employment declined by 21, in October. A strike in the aircraft industry removed 26, workers from payrolls. Job losses continued in apparel and in printing and publishing. A number of manufacturing industries recorded job gains, including fabricated metals, industrial machinery (despite a strike involving 2, workers), electronic components, and food processing. Construction employment rose by 28,, following a similar increase in September. Despite these gains, the increase in construction employment over the past year is still 5

only about 6 percent of the growth in the prior 12 months. Mining continued its downward slide, losing 3, jobs in October. Weekly hours The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by.2 hour in October to 3 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory overtime fell by.2 hour, to 41.5 hours and hours, respectively, the same levels as in August. (See table B-8.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls increased by.8 percent on a seasonally adjusted basis to 13 (1982=1) in October. The manufacturing index fell.5 percent to 15.8. (See table B-9.) Hourly and weekly earnings Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls advanced 6 cents in October to $11.59 (seasonally adjusted) following a gain of 5 cents in the previous month. Average weekly earnings increased by 1.1 percent, reflecting gains in both the workweek and hourly pay. Over the past year, average hourly earnings rose by 3. percent and average weekly earnings rose by 2.4 percent. (See table B-ll.) Planned Changes in Data Publication Monthly labor force and unemployment data for 11 large States California, Florida, llinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas and 2 sub-state areas New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Because of anticipated budget reductions, it is expected that the CPS will no longer be of sufficient size to provide reliable data for all of these States and two areas directly. Effective with the publication of data for January 1996, estimates for them will continue to be published in tables C-2 and C-3 but will be developed through the modeling approach used for the other 39 States and the District of Columbia since 1989. (See the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.) The impact of the sample cut on the national statistics would be to increase the variability of most national estimates by about 5 percent. For example, under the reduced sample, a month-to-month change of.19 percentage points in the national unemployment rate would represent a statistically significant change at the 9-percent confidence level; the corresponding change under the current design is.18 points. With this sample reduction, BLS expects to achieve annual cost savings of about $2.5 million. Scheduled Release Dates Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the following dates: Reference month Release date Reference month Release date November December 8 February March 8 December January 5 March April 5 January February 2 April May 3 6

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Category Nov. i Dec. Mar. Apr. May Labor force status July Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Percent of population Not in labor force 197,43 197,67 j 197,765 131,6461 131,718 66.71 66.7 124,141; 124,43 62.9 7,55 65,784 63. 7,315 65,889 131.725 66.6 124,57 63. 7,155 66,4 197.753 132,136 66.8 124,639 63. 7.498 65,617 197,886 132,38 66.9 125,125 63.2 7,183 65,578 198,7 132,511 66.9 125,274 63.3 7,237 65,496 198,148 132,737 67. 125,72 63.1 7,665 65,412 198,286 131,811 66.5 124,319 62.7 7,492 66,476 198,453 131,869 6 124,485 62.7 7,384 66,583 198,615, 198,811 199,5, 199,192 132,5191 132,211 j 132,591; 132,648 66.7! 66.5; 66.6 \ 66.6 124,9591 124,779! 125,14' 125,399 62.9J 62.81 62.9 63. 7,559 7,431 ' 7,451, 7,249 66,96 66.59 j 66,414' 66,544 Unemployment rates All workers ' Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over j : Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 17.1 White Black ' 11.1 Hispanic origin, 9.4 15.8 1.5 8.8 17.2 9.8 9.2 16.7 1.2 1.2 17.6 1.1 8.9 16.1 9.8 9.1 5.8 17.5 1.7 8.8 17.6 9.9 1. 1, 1.6 9. 18.2 11.1 8.8 17.7 11.3 9.9 17.5 11.3 8.9 17.1 9.9 9.4 Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ndustry Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July p p Employment Total Total private Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Service-producing industries Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government 14,935 95,74 24,81 595 5,88 18,398 9,854 6,61 6,195 2,58 6,935 31,888 19,195-15,427 96,152 24,175 592 5,144 18,439 91,252 6,92 6,21 2,73 6,937 32,35 19,275 115,624 96,45 24,23 592 5,166 18,472 91,394 6,121 6,229 2,759 6,931 32,135 19,219 115,81 96,588 24,293 59 5,21 18,52 91,517 6,129 6,251 2,76 6,927 32,228 19,222 116,123 96,882 24,324 588 5,213 18,523 91,799 6,156 6,275 2,794 6,929 32,44 19,241 116,32 97,54 24,37 589 5,256 18,525 91,932 6,175 6,287 2,76 6,938 32,524 19,248 116,31 97,49 24,331 583 5,242 18,56 91,979 6,184 6,3 2,762 6,924 32,548 19,261 116,248 97,5 24,228 582 5,19 18,456 92,2 6,177 6,298 2,747 6,925 32,63 19,243 Over-the-month change 116,547 97,264 24,24 582 5,23 18,428 92,37 6,192 6,32 2,798 6,93 32,784 19,283 116,575 97,293 256 577 26 18,353 92,419 6,195 6,333 2,851 6,938 32,82 19,282 116,838 97,492 24,165 575 5,233 18,357 92,673 6,217 6,34 2,837 6,947 32,986 19,346 116,888 97,585 24,15 573 5,258 18,319 92,738 6,2 6,344 2,882 6,956 33,53 19,33 117,4 97,76 24,154 57 5,286 18,298 92,85 6,222 6,356 2,89 6,974 33,11 19,298 Total Total private Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Service-producing industries Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government 173! 185 i 51! i " 3 11 43! 122 13! 14 15-7 99 i -12 [ L 492 412 94-3 56 41 398 31 15 123 2 147 8 197 253 55 22 33 142 29 19 56-6 1-56 186 183 63-2 35 3 123 8 22 1-4 93 3 313 294 31-2 12 21 282 27 24 34 2 176 19 179 172 46 1 43 2 133 19 12-34 9 12 7 8-5 -39-6 -14-19 47 9 13 2-14 24 13 Hours of wo rk 1-62 -44-13 -1-52 -5 41-7 -2-15 1 82-18 299 259 12 4-28 287 15 22 51 5 154 4 28 29-84 -5-4 -75 112 3 13 53 8 36-1 263 199 9-2 7 4 254 22 7-14 9 166 LJ_ 4 J 5 93-15 -2 25-38 65-17 4 45 9 67 L_:l 3 _ 116 121 4-3 28-21 112 22 12 8 18 57-5 Total private Manufacturing Overtime 3 4-9 42.1! 4-7 3 42.1 3 42.1 3 42.2 3 42.1 3 42. 3 41.5 3 41.4 3 41.5 3 41.3 3 41.5 3 i 41.7 3 41.5 ndexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982 = 1) 1 Total private Manufacturing Average hourly earnings, total private: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars 2 Average weekly earnings, total private 131.8 17.9 131.5 18.4 $11.25! $11.24 7.42 7.4 392.63! 388.9 132. 18.6 $11.27 7.4 391.7 132.7 18.9 $11.29 7.39 392.89 132.4 19. $11.32 7.39 391.67 132.5 18.6 $11.34 7.38 392.36 132.8 17.1 Earnings 1 $11.4 7.4 394 131. 16.6 $11.37 7.36 388.85 132.4 16.5 $11.43 7.39 393.19 132.8 1 $11.5 7.43 397.9 132.3! 133. i 13 16.2 16.3 15.8! $11.48 7.41 391 $11.53 7.43 397.79 $11.59 N.A. $42.17 1 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. 2 The Consumer Price ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CP-W) is used to deflate these series. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary.

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 199-95 Thousands 118, Thousands 118, 116, 116, 114, 114, 112, 112, 11, 11, 18, 18, 199 1991 1992 1993 NOTE: Shaded area represents recession. Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 199-95 Percent 8. Percent 8. 199 1991 1992 1993 NOTE: Shaded area represents recession. Household data beginning in January reflect: 1) The introduction of the results of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey questionnaire and collection methodology, and 2) the introduction of population controls based on the 199 census, adjusted for the estimated population undercount, and are not directly comparable with data for prior years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA HSTORCAL A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number Percent of labor force Annual averages 118,771 12,153 122,416 124,485 126,513 128,58 129,874 132,28 134,335 7,459 7,614 71,833 73,91 74,455 75,77 77,347 78,737 8,734 59.3 58.8 58.7 58.7 58.9 59.2 59.6 59.6 6.1 65,746 66,72 67,762 69,35 71,88 72,895 74,372 75,92 77,92 5 5 5 5 56.2 56.9 57.3 57.5 58. 5,2 4,944 4,687 4,523 4,361 3,979 3,844 3,817 3,66 6,546 61,759 63,76 64,782 66,726 68,915 7,527 72,13 74,296 4,714 3,911 4,7 3,786 3,366 2,875 2,975 2,817 2,832 6.7 3.5 137,85 14,216 144,126 147,96 15,12 153,153 156,15 159,33 161,91 164,863 82,771 84,382 87,34 89,429 91,949 93,775 96,158 99,9 12,251 14,962 6.2 6.8 61.3 61.2 61.6 62.3 63.2 6 78,678 79,367 82,153 85,64 86,794 85,846 88,752 92,17 96,48 98,824 57.4 56.6 57. 57.8 57.8 56.1 56.8 57.9 59.3 59.9 3,463 3,394 3,484 3,47 3,515 3,48 3,331 3,283 3,387 3,347 75,215 75,972 78,669 81,594 83,279 82,438 85,421 88,734 92,661 95,477 4,93 5,16 4,882 4,365 5,156 7,929 7,46 6,991 6,22 6,137 8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8 167,745 17,13 172,271 174,215 176,383 178,26 18,587 182,753 184,613 186,393 16,94 18,67 11,24 111,55 113,544 115,461 117,834 119,865 121,669 123,869 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66.5 99,33 1,397 99,526 1,834 15,5 17,15 19,597 112,44 114,968 117,342 59.2 59. 57.8 57.9 59.5 6.1 6.7 61.5 62.3 63. 3,364 3,368 3,41 3,383 3,321 3,179 3,163 3,28 3,169 3,199 95,938 97,3 96,125 97,45 11,685 13,971 16,434 19,232 111,8 114,142 7,637 8,273 1,678 1,717 8,539 8,312 8,237 7,425 6,71 6,528 7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5 7.2 7. 6.2 188,49 189,765 191,576 193,55 196,814 124,787 125,33 126,982 128,4 131,56 6 66. 66.3 66.2 66.6 117,914 116,877 117,598 119,36 123,6 62.7 61.6 61.4 61.6 62.5 3,186 3,233 3,27 3,74 3,49 114,728 113,644 114,391 116,232 119,651 6,874 8,426 9,384 8,734 7,996 6.7 7.4 6.8 6.1 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 3 197,43 197,67 197,765 131,646 131,718 131,725 66.7 66.7 66.6 124,141 124,43 124,57 62.9 63. 63. 3,494 3,5 3,532 12,647 12,93 121,38 7,55 7,315 7,155 197,753 197,886 198,7 198,148 198,286 198,453 198,615 198,81 199,5 199,192 132,136 132,38 132,511 132,737 131,811 131,869 132,519 132,211 132,591 132,648 66.8 66.9 66.9 67. 66.5 6 66.7 66.5 66.6 66.6 124,639 125,125 125,274 125,72 124,319 124,485 124,959 124,779 125,14 125,399 63. 63.2 63.3 63.1 62.7 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.9 63. 3,575 3,656 3,698 3,594 3,357 3,451 3,49 3,362 3,273 3,455 121,64 121,469 121,576 121,478 12,962 121,34 121,55 121,417 121,867 121,944 7,498 7,183 7,237 7,665 7,492 7,384 7,559 7,431 7,451 7,249 5.8 1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error. 2 Data, beginning in, are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology and the introduction of 199 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January " in the February issue of this publication. 3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. 9

HOUSEHOLD DATA HSTORCAL A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1984 to date (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Sex, year, and month Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Percent Number!. labor. force Not in labor force Annual averages 1984 1985 1986 1 1987 1988 1989 MEN 83,65 84,469 85,798 86,899 87,857 88.762 63,835 64,411 65,422 66,27 66,927 67.84 7 76.3 76.3 76.2 76.2 7 59,91 59,891 6,892 62,17 63,273 64,315 7.7 7.9 71. 71.5 72. 72.5 2,668 2,535 2,511 2.543 2,493 2,513 56,423 57,356 58,381 59,564 6,78 61,82 4 744 ' 74 4,521 4,53 4,11 3,655 3,525 7. 6.9 6.2 19,771 2,58 2 376 2 692 2,93 2,923 199 1991 1992 1993 2 : October... November December 89,65 9,552 91,541 92,62 94,355 94,671 94,768 94,851 68,234 68,411 69,184 69,633 7,817 71,133 71,168 71,379 76.1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 64,435 63,593 63,85 64,7 66,45 67,59 67,244 67,483 71.9 7.2 69.7 69.9 7.4 2,57 2,552 2,534 2,438 2,554 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 3 7.8 71. 71.1 2,584 2,599 2,67 61,928 61,41 61,27 62,263 63,896 64,475 64,645 64,876 3,799 4,817 5,38 4,932 4,367 4,74 3,924 3,896 7. 7.8 7.1 6.2 21,417 22,141 22,356 22,987 23,538 : January February... March April May June July August September October... 94,749 94,818 94,879 94,952 95,24 95,11 95,191 95,287 95,397 95,492 71,476 71,558 71,673 71,655 71.255 71,345 71.338 71,19 71,437 71,291 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 67,386 67,79 67,811 67,588 67,11 67,39 67,383 67,18 67,48 67,494 71.1 71.4 71.5 71.2 7.6 7.9 7.8 7.4 7.7 7.7 2,648 2,727 2,75 2,622 2,481 2,61 2,569 2,57 2,468 2,575 64,738 64,981 65,62 64,966 64,63 64,789 64,815 64,61 64,94 64,92 4,9 3,849 3,862 4,67 4,145 3,955 3,955 4,1 4,29 3,797 5.8 Annual averages 1984 1985 1986 1 1987 1988 1989 WOMEN 92,778 93,736 94,789 95,853 96,756 97,63 49,79 51,5 52.413 53,658 54,742 56,3 5 5 5 56. 56.6 57.4 45,915 47,259 48,76 5,334 51,696 53,27 49.5 5.4 51.4 52.5 53.4 5 653 644 652 666 676 687 45,262 46,615 48,54 49,668 51,2 52,341 3,794 3,791 3,77 3,324 3,46 3,3 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.2 199 1991 1992 1993 2 98,399 99,214 1,35 1,93 12,46 56,554 56,893 57,798 58,47 6,239 57.5 57.3 57.8 57.9 58.8 53,479 53,284 53,793 54,66 56,61 5 5 5 5 5 679 682 673 636 855 52,8 52,62 53,121 53,97 55,755 3,75 3,69 4,5 3,81 3,629 6.3 6.9 6.5 6. Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 3 : October... November December 12,758 12,839 12,913 6,513 6,55 6,346 58.9 58.9 58.6 57.82 57,159 57,87 5 5 5 91 91 925 56,172 56,258 56,162 3,431 3,391 3,259 : January February... March April May June July August September October... 13,4 13,68 13,128 13,197 13,263 13,342 13,424 13,514 13,68 13,7 6,66 6,75 6,838 61,82 6,556 6,524 61,18 61,12 61,154 61.357 58.9 58.9 59. 59.2 58.6 58.6 59.2 59. 59. 59.2 57,252 57,416 57,462 57.484 57.28 57.95 57,576 57,672 57,732 57.95 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 55.8 927 929 948 972 877 851 84 856 84 881 56,325 56,488 56,514 56,512 56,332 56,245 56,736 56,816 56,927 57,24 3,48 3,334 3,375 3,598 3,347 3,429 3,64 3,43 3,422 3,452 1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error. 2 Data, beginning in, are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology and the introduction of 199 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January " in the February issue of this publication. 3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. 1

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, sex, and age TOTAL ' Nov. j Dec. Civilian noninstitutional population 1,197,43 197,67 j 197,765 Civilian labor force!l31 646 i 131,718 l31 725 Percent of population i 66.7J 66.7 66.6 Employed 1124,141,124,43'124,57 j Employment-population ratio j 62.9 63.o 63. 1! 7,55f 7,315! 7,155 Unemployment rate J Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 1... Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force Men, 2 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 1... Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force Women, 2 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force 94,671 71,133 7 67,59 7.8 2,584 64,475 4,74 23,538 i 87,439! 67.177J 76.8! 63,821 73.! 2,329 j 61,491' 3,3571 2,2621 12,758' 6,513; 58.9! 57,82 j 5 91, 56,172! 3,431 j! 42,245, 94,768 71,168 7 67,244 71. 2,599 64,645 3,924 23,6 87,529! 67,345 76.91 64,51 J 73.2! 2.377J 61,674 3,2941! 2,1841 12,839 6,55 58.9 57,159 5 91 56,258 3,391 42,289 94,8511 71,3791 71 67,4831 71.ll 2,67 i 64,8761 3,8961! 23,472; 87,617 67,45 77. 64,281 73.4 2,41 61,871 3,169 2,167 Jan. 197,753 132,136 66.8 124,639 63. 7,498 94,749 71,476 7 67,386: 71.ll 2,6481 64,738 4,91! 23,273 j 87,5281 67,539 77.2 64,1331 73.31 2,39 61,7431 3,46 j! 19,99; 12,913 13,4! 6,3461 6,66! 58.6. 58.9! 57,87' 57,2521 5 5 j 925 9271 56,162 56,325, 3,2591 3,481,! 42,567! 42,344 j 95,729! 95,8211 95,873 56,9511 56,984, 56,725. 59.5 59.5' 59.2J 54,9 54,129 i 54,37 j 56.5 56.5! 5 863 85 j 882! 53,227 53,279 i 53.155J 2,861 2,8551 2,688!! 38,778 38,837! 39,148 14,261 7,518 52.71 6,231! 41 321 5,929 1,2871 17.1, 6,743' 14,2571 7,389! 51.8 6,2231 4! 2731 5,951 1,166! 15.8J 6,8681 14,274 7,55 52.9 6,252 4 24 6,12 1,298 17.2 6,724 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 95,961 56,951 59.3 54,134 5 877 53,257 2,817 39,1! Feb. Mar. 197,886,198,7 132,38 132,511 66.9 66.9 125,125 l25,274 63.2! 63.3! 14,263 7,646! 5 6,372 4 i 38: 6,641 1,2741 16.7, 6,617 7.183J 7.237, j 94,818j 71,558! 7J 67,79! 71.4J 2,727' 64,981 3,849! 23,26! 87,572! 67,5521 77.1 64,4781 7! 2.512J 61,965-3,741 ; 2,2 i 13,68 6,75 58.9 57,416i 5! 9291 56,488! 3,334!! 42,3181 96,2 57,96! 59.5J 54,334! 56.6! 8981 53,436! 2,763! 1 38,924 14,294 7,661 5 6,313 4 245 6,68 1,347 17.6 6,634 94,879 71,673! 7 67,811, 71.51 2,75:' 65,621 3,862 i i 23,26! 87,622 67,643 77.2 64,465 7 2,519 61,946 3,178 j 19,979 Apr. 198,148 132,737 67. 125,72 63.1 7,665 5.8 94,952! 71,6551 7! 67,5881 71.2 2.622J 64,9661 4,67 23,297 87,664 67,563 77.1 64,224 73.3 2,384 61,84 3,339 2,11 May! June j July j r! 198,286 198,453 131,811 131,869 66.5 j 6 124,319 l24,485 62.7 62.7 7,492 i 7,384! 95,24! 71,2551 7 67,11! 7.6. 2,4811 64,63, 4,145 5.8 269J 87,691 : 67,251 76.7! 63,841, 72.8 i 2,242 61,599 3,41;! 2,441 13,128 13,197113,2631 6,838; 61,821 6,556, 59.' 59.2! 58.6! 57.462J 57,4841 57,28 5: 5j 5 9481 972J 877 56,514 i 56,512 j 56,332! 3,375! 3,598 3,3471 j! 42,29' 42,115: 42,77 96,37 57,42 59.4 54,242 56.5 913 53,329 2,8 38,996 14,348 j 7,826 j 5! 6,5671 45.8J 266; 6,3! 1,26j 16.1, 6,522! 96,99] 57,361 59.7; 54,43! 56.6, 925 53,477 2,957 38,739 14,385 7,8141 51 6,446! 41 2851 6,16 1,3691 17.51 6,571 j! 96,1411 56,819! 59.1 i 54,97 j 56.3, 828' 53,2681 2,722 1 39,322 j 14,4541 7,742! 51 6,381' 4 j 287; 6,94l 1,361 17.6! 6,7121 95,11 71,345 7 67,39 7.9 2,61 64,789 j 3,955 : 23,765! 87,75 67,232 76.6 63,994 72.9; 2.344 1 61,6491 3,238! 2,518 198,615 132,519 66.7 124,959 62.9 7,559! 95,191 71,338 7 67,383 7.8 2,569 64,815 3,955 23,853 87,818 67,258 76.6 64,66 73. 2,327 61,739 3,192 2,56 13,342'13,424 6,5241 61,18 58.6 i 59.2 57,95: 57,576 5 5 851 84 L 56,245; 56,736 3,429 i 3,64 \ 42,818 42,243 96,24! 56,773, 59.! 53,915 56. 79l! 53,1241 2,857 l 39,4311 14,498 7,864 5 6,576 4 316 6,261 1,288 11 6,634 i 198,811199,51199,192 132,211.132,591 132,648 66.5 j 66.61 66.6 124,7791125,14 [125,399 62.8' 62.9i 63. 7,4311 7,451 i 7,249 '!! 95,287 997J 95,492 71,19 71,4371 71,291 7 7 7 67,18 67,481 67,494 7.4 7.7: 7.7 2,57 2,468! 2,575 64,61 64,94; 64,92 4,1 4,291 3,797! 24,178 23,96 i 24,21 96,265; 57,4711 59.7' 54,519 56.6 787 53,732 2,952 38,795! 14,531 7,79 5 i 6,375 4 295 6,8 1,415 18.2 6,741 87,95 67,77 76.3 63,871 72.7 2,288 61,583 3,26 2,828 13,514 61,12 59. 57,672 5 856 56,816 3,43 42,412 96,327 57,346 59.5 54,498 56.6 89 53,688 2,849 38,981 j ' 87,94 67,343 76.6 64,61 72.8 2,266 61,795 3,282 2,597 13,68 61,154 59. 57,732 5 84 56,927 3,422 42,455 96,49 57,392 59.5 54,6 56.6! 753! 53,847 2,792 39,17 l 14,569' 14,6571 7,7871 7,856 j 53.5 j 5J 6,411! 6,479] 41 41 265 253, 6,146 6,225 1,377 1,378 17.7 17.5 6,781 6,8 88,27 67,251 7 64,243 73. 2,363 61,88 3,8 2,776 13,7 61,357 59.2 57,95 55.8 881 57,24 3,452 42,343 96,487 57,618 59.7 54,71 56.7 821 53,889 2,98 38,869 14,678 7,779 53. 6,446 4 272 6,174 1,332 17.1 6,899 through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 11

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June j July WHTE Civilian noninstitutional population 1. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio... Unemployment rate 165,954; 166,72 111,5551111,637 67.2 67.2 16,1 16,242 6 6 5,545 5,395 J166.175 111,715 67.2 16,352 6 5,363 166,3611166,444 166,521' 111,876 111,831111,9991 67.2 67.2 67.3 i 16,366 16,64 16,698: 6 5,51 6 5,226 61 5,31 66,613j166,78! 166,822 12,153 111,568 111,541 67.31 66.9; 66.9 6,5j15,935!l6,145 6 5,653 63.5 : 6 5,633-5,396 1 166,931 112,197 67.2 16,77 6 5,427 167,58 111,971 67. 16,567 6 5,44 167,21 112,247 67.1 16,851 6 5,396 167,327 112,232 67.1 16,815 6 5,417 Men, 2 years and over Civilian labor force j 57,615 Percent of population j 77.3 Employed j 55,61 Employment-population ratio \ 7 2,554 Unemployment rate j Women, 2 years and over 57,726 57,836 77.4 77.5 55,242 55,384 7 7 2,484 2,452! 57,848; 77.5J 55,2891 7 j 2,559' ; 57,8411 77.51 55,581 71 2.333 57,8681 77.5! 55,448 i 7 1 2,42 J 57,768: 77.3' 55,225! 7 1 2,5441! 57,594; 77.1 54,956! 73.5J 2,638!, i 57,592 77.! 55,133 7i 2,459! ; j 57,618 76.9 55,263 7 2,355 57,559 76.8 55,126 7 2,433 Civilian labor force. 47,614 47,631; 47,44 47,443) 47,5251 47,494] 47,765! 47,432! 47,275 : 47,965 47,881 Percent of population i 59.4. 59.4: 59.1 59.! 59.1: 59.1! r\ 59.4 Employed 45,535! 45,5691 45,475 45,419 j 45,5811 45,515; 45,622; 45,431 45,215' 45,873 45,824 Employment-population ratio 56.8i 56.8! 56.7J 56.5 56.7! 56.6 56.7 5: 56.1 j 56.9 56.8 2,79 2,62 j 1.965J 2,24 : 1,944 1,978! 2,143! 2.28J 2,6l 2,92 2,57 Unemployment rate 1 ' j 1, j!, 57,79 77. 55,318 7 2,472 47,958 59.4 45,988 57. 1,97 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years! Civilian labor force j 6,326 Percent of population 56. Employed 5,414 Employment-population ratio. i 47.9 Unemployment rate Men Women 912 1 1 13.5 6,28 j 5! 5,431 j 48.o! 849: 13.51 1! 12.61 6,439 56.9 5,493 48.5 946 1 16. 13.2 6,586 58.1 5,658 49.9 928 1 1 13.1 6,464 56.9 5,515 48.5 949 1 16.1 13.1 6,637 58.3 5,734 5.4 93 1 1 12.4 6,619 ; 58. 5,653! 49.5 966 1! 1; 11 6,542 57.2 5,575 48.8 967 1 1 1 6,674 58.3 5,797 5.6 877 13.1 1 11.6 6,614 57.6 5,634 49.1 98 1 1 1 6,532 56.8 5,617 48.8 914 1 1 12.1 6,499 5 5,544 48.1 955 1 16. 13.3 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio.. Unemployment rate Men, 2 years and over 22,99 14,649 6 13,22 56.6 1,627 11.1 23,23 14,578 63.3 13,54 56.7 1,524 1.5 23,52: 14,541 63.1 13,119 56.9; 1.422J 9.8! 23,89 14,697 6 13,192 57.1 1,55 1.2 i 23,117 23,142 23,169 14,868 14,818! 14,938 6 13,362 57.8 1,55 1.1 6 13,37 57.8 1,448 9.8 6 13,337 57.6 1,61 1.7! 23,192 14,83 6 13,336 57.5 1,467 9.9 i 23,221 14,77 63.3 13,142 56.6 1,565 1.6 23,249 14,656 63. 13,33 56.1 1,623 11.1 23,284 14,715 63.2 13,49 56. 1,666 11.3 23,323 14,823 6 13,147 5 1,676 11.3 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio. Unemployment rate Women, 2 years and over Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Employment-population ratio. Unemployment rate See footnotes at end of table. 6,76 72.7 6,69 65.8 637 9.5 7,33 6.9 6,384 5 649 9.2 6,72 72.6 j 6,85 6. 6171 9.2' 7,12! 6.7! 6,39 5! 622! 8.9 j 6,722 j 12.1 \ 6,165! 66.7' 557! 8.3!! 7,2 6.5 6,42 5 582 8.3 6,7961 7! 6,172; 66.81 624' 9.2! 7,127 61.4 6,521 56.2! 661 8.5! 6,812! 71 6,272! 67.8i 541 7.9 : 7,169! 61.7J 6,521 56.11 648 i 9.; 6,828 7 6,297 j 68.! 531! 7.8j 7,131! 61.3J 6,482 5! 649 9.1 : 6,826 7: 6,221 67.1; 65; 8.9J 7,25 61.9i 6,532! 56.1! 673! 9.3. 6,749 j 73. 6,158! 66.6! 5911 8.8 : j 7,153! 61.4; 6,593] 56.6 559; 7.8! 6,721 72.5! 6,117! 66.1 64 i 9.1 7,67 6.6 j 6,453! 51 614! 8.7 l 6,666 71.7 6,59 6 67 9.1 7,85 6.6 6,422 5 663 9.4 6,666 71.6 6,39 6 627 9.4 7,15 6.7 6,468 5 636 9. 6,729 72.4 6,83 6 646 9.6 7,116 6.7 6,442 5 674 9.5 _L_ 12

A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted Continued (Numbers in thousands)!, Employment status, race, sex, age, and f ; ; ]! Hispanic origin i Nov. Dec.! Jan. BLACK Continued j Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ' i l l '! Civilian labor force 91 864 817 773 Percent of population 4.9i 38.8: 36.6! 3 Employed ' 569 579 534J 499 Employment-population ratio j 2 26. 2! 22.3 ; 341 j 285J 283J 275 Unemployment rate 37.5! 33.J 3 3 Men 3: 32.!. 31 3 Women j 39.1' 3 j 3; 37.1 HSPANC ORGN i :! Civilian noninstitutional population 1! 18,291' 18,3391 18,385! 18,368 Civilian labor force j 12,222 12,324 12,224; 12,36 Percent of population 66.8' 67.2i 66.5 6 Employed j 11,74] 11,2361 11.15J 1,811 Employment-population ratio 6.5: 61.3i 6O.4! 58.9 j 1,1481 1,88! 1,119i 1,224 Unemployment rate 9.4. 8.8, 9.2! 1.2 Feb. 887 39.5 57 2 317 3 38.7 32.4 18,413 12,17 6 1,943 59.4 1,73 8.9 Mar. 859 38.2 591 26.3 268 31.2 31.7 18,458 12,1 6 1,93 59.1 1,98 9.1 Apr. 97 584 2 323 3 3 35.8 18,59 12,131 6 11,58 59.7 1,73 8.8 May 91 39.4 585 2 317 3 4. 3.5 18,554 12,111 6 1,895 58.7 1,216 1. June 918 4.4 571 2 347 37.8 38.7': 36.8 18,64; 12,2291 6, 11,131 59.8 1,98 9. HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED July i " -f - 95 39.8 552 2 353 39. 41.6 36.3 18,653 12,323 66.1 11,235 6.2 1,88 8.8 945 41.5 542 2 43 42.6 46.3 38.9! 9781 42.41 622! 27.; 356! 3, 32.71 39.7 1 911 39.4 61 2 31 33.1 3 32.6 18,72 18,752 18,8 12,3831 12,456! 12,54 66.2 6 66.5 11,158! 11,351 11,333 59.7 1,2251 9.9l 6.5 1,15 8.9 6.3 1,171 9.4 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 13

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Full- and part-time status, sex, and age EMPLOYED Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July, j -+" Full-time workers Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Part-time workers Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 1,913 59,51 58,332 41,425 4,687 1,894 23,243 7,617 5,534 15,683 13,421 4,288 11,3 59,677 58,524 41,355 4,593 1,913 23,495 7,677 5,62 15,83 13,575 4,3 11,213 6,32 58,841 41,152 4,49 1,963 23,447 7,592 5,579 15,878 13,583 4,285 11,99 59,833 58,632 41,281 4,538 1,929 23,544 7,64 5,538 15,937 13,566 4,44 11,321 6,65 58,832 41,227 4,528 1,961 23,553 7,527 5,499 16,68 13,67 4,384 11,735 6,13 58,898 41,486 4,76 2,77 23,518 7,521 5,486 15,933 13,48 4,552 11,644 59,87 58,674 41,666 4,914 2,57 23,37 7,63 5,462 15,88 13,491 4,418 11,151 59,64 58,432 41,58 4,665 2,54 23,185 7,385 5,38 15,798 13,513 4,364 11,424 59,976 58,681 41,572 4,661 2,82 22,875 7,368 5,221 15,51 13,188 4,466 11,785 59,983 58,737 41,911 41,67 1,981 23,81 7,433 5,31 15,654 13,47 4,372 11,433 59,872 58,624 41,671 4,831 1,978 23,191 7,288 5,262 15,935 13,56 4,369 11,726'12,24 59,812 58,58 41,926 41,136 2,9 23,516 7,619 5,526 15,81 13,493 4,497 UNEMPLOYED Looking for full-time work Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 6,168 3,562 3,146 2,642 2,391 631 5,987 3,458 3,31 2,591 2,345 611 5,677 3,311 2,933 2,417 2,13 641 5,938 3,27 3,66 2,538 2,29 582 5,658 3,35 2,845 2,416 2,175 638 5,85 3,236 2,952 2,443 2,252 61 6,68 3,381 3,36 2,672 2,399 633 5,972 3,6 3,148 2,469 2,188 636 5,851 3,441 2,975 2,473 2,256 621 5,925 3,321 2,94 2,67 2,298 687 6,1 3,483 3,17 2,541 2,249 744 5,993 3,494 3,38 2,563 2,269 686 Looking for part-time work Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 1,38 59 221 823 499 66 1,342 563 271 828 59 562 1,478 68 273 836 54 665 1,548 649 298 878 553 697 1,57 585 214 93 587 76 1,443 512 225 92 557 661 1,57 656 294 92 55 725 1,516 618 268 886 535 714 1,534 62 262 952 67 665 1,634 69 243 1,8 667 724 1,464 574 232 914 6 633 1,478 68 258 i 861 53 691 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES 1 Full-time workers Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Part-time workers Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 5.8 6. 2 7.2 13.3 2 6.8 11.6 2 7.4 13.4 _L!! J 5.8! 23.2 1 These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication 6.2 7.9 1 2 6. 7.2 1 1! 22.4 5.8 12.7 prior to. J_ 6. 23.5 6.3 7.9 1! 1 l 1 2 6.1; 7.7 1 j 1!, i j! 23. 6.31 7.6 5.8 13.! 1 2 6.6 7.6 6.1 1 27.3 7.3 12.6-1_ 5.8 2 7.4 13.3 14

A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Category MARTAL STATUS Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Total Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 124,141 41,511 31,764 7,98 124,43 41,53 31,775 7,141 124,57 41,68 31,723 7,74 124,639 41,61 31,75 7,199 125,125 42,19 31,893 7,67 125,274 42,132 32,135 7,71 125,72 42,86 32,18 7,152 124,319 41,874 32,22 7,175 124,485 41,956 31,918 7,21 124,959 42,137 32,39 7,81 124,779 42,6 32,226 7,268 125,14 42,257 32,175 7,1 OCCUPATON Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Service occupations Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Private industries Private households Other industries Government Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers PERSONS AT WORK PART TME 1 34,275 37,669 17,62 13,467 18,122 3,655 1,764 1,652 43 111,686 93,485 935 92,55 18,21 8,878 131 34,382 37,767 16,893 13,615 18,56 3,727 1,767 1,677 48 111,77 93,413 999 92,414 18,357 8,915 12 34,576 37,797 16,74 13,677 18,3 3,839 1,738 1,714 49 111,96 93,62 1,23 92,597 18,34 8,959 121 34,423 37,267 17,12 13,784 18,212 3,881 1,866 1,663 35 111,987 93,692 1,75 92,617 18,295 9,39 95 34,95 37,313 16,991 13,638 18,333 3,845 1,97 1,684 27 112,461 93,957 1,75 92,882 18,54 8,94 118 34,846 37,297 16,997 13,91 18,28 3,849 1,987 1,674 57 112,649 93,964 1,39 92,925 18,685 8,865 129 34,765 37,381 17,75 13,68 18,26 3,726 1.884J 1 1,649! 1 71 i 35,29 37,31 16,987 13,479 17,985 3,568 12.578J112, 111 93,932 619 988 913 92,945 75 18,646 493 8,848 763 11 125 747 56 55 35,3) 35,692 37,374 16,794 13,459 17,936 3,55 1,848 1,593 46 112,16 93,773 866 92,97 18,387 8,765 16 37,86 16,759 13,433 17,746 3,561 1,832 1,551 45 112,331 93,973 887 93,86 18,358 9,98 13 35,775 37,435 17,25 13,296 17,758 3,511 1,772 1,542 45 112,35 94,23 886 93,138 18,326 8,869 13 35,62 37,66 16,818 13,56 17,974 3,567 1,744 1,491 43 112,674 94,478 982 93,495 18,196 9,17 121 All industries: Part time for economic reasons Slack work or business conditions Could only find part-time work Part time for noneconomic reasons Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons Slack work or business conditions Could only find part-time work Part time for noneconomic reasons 4,411 2,394 1,791 17,644 4,226 2,257 1,756 16,992 4,411 2,394 1,736 17,756 4,246 2,282 1,689 17,11 4,422 2,384 1,734 17,576 4,254 2,272 1,69 16,917 4,693 2,54 1,777 17,94 4,43 2,359 1,737 17,37 4,46 4,53 2,372 2,333 1,739 1,92 18,41 J 17,627 4,187 2,216 1,687 17,381 4,347 2,226 1,854 16,991 4,469! 2,5171 1,686! 18,121 J 4,476 2,52 1,72 17,666 4,171 4,289 2,328 2,364 1,624 1,698 17,232! 17,34 J_ 4,442 2,34 1,785 17,745 4,185 2,158 1,747 17,56 4,42 2,497 1,672 18,299 4,234 2,385 1,613 17,66 4,526 2,586 1,567 18,113 4,316 2,448 1,533 17,473 4,589 2,535 1,738 17,959 4,451 2,432 1,716 17,389 1 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. 15

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) Age and sex Total, 16 years and over... 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Men, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 1S years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Women, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 124,141 124,43 124,57 124,639 125,125 125,274 125,72 124,319 124,485 24,9591 1279i124ll299 19,12 6,231 2,636 3,569 12,871 15,31 9,29 15,2 67,59 1,11 3,239 1,39 1,834 6,871 56,969 48,647 8,332 57,82 8,992 2,992 1,246 1,735 6, 48,62 41,382 6,688 Nov. 19,53 6,223 2,61 3,612 12,83 15,34 9,348 15,111 67,244 1,52 3,193 1,369 1,821 6,859 57,187 48,857 8,42 57,159 9,1 3,3 1,232 1,791 5,971 48,153 41,491 6,79 Dec. 19,157 6,252 2,588 3,653 12,95 15,434 9,38 15,83 67,483 1,115 3,22 1,35 1,845 6,913 57,388 48,945 8,435 57,87 9,42 3,5 1,238 1,88 5,992 48,46 41,435 6,648 Jan. 19,174 6,372 2,533 3,89 12,83 15,471 9,331 15,19 67,386 1,24 3,254 1,283 1,946 6,771 57,339, 48,926 8,429 57,252 9,15 3,118 1,25 1,863 6,32 48,131 41,45 6,68 Feb. 19,62 6,313 2,532 3,769 12,749 16,39 9,85 15,84 67,79 1,113 3,231 1,287 1,934 6,881 57,661 49,238 8,352 57,416 57,462 i 57,484 8,95 3,82 1,246 1,836 5,868 48,378 41,613 6,732 Mar. 19,226 6,567 2,595 3,955 12,66 j 16,123 9,964 15,121 67,811 1,172 3,346 1,315 2,17 6,826 57,662 49,27 8,411 9,54 3,22 1,281 1,937 5,833 48,461 41,694 6,691 Apr. 19,126 6,446 2,556 3,886 12,68 15,939 9,777 15,57 67,588 1,155 3,364 1,318 2,43 6,791 57,441 49,23 8,366 8,971 3,82 1,238 1,843 5,89 48,497 41,753 6,691 May! June june i, July j 18,889 19,53 6,381 6,576 2.518J 2,758 3,882 3,841 12,58 j 12,477 15,429 j 9,597 14,881! 67,11 15,367 9,592 14,824 18,7891 6,375j 2,557, 3,853i 12,415 16,1581 9,9781 15,125! 18,675 6,411 j [ 1 18,626! 18,65 6,4791 6,446 2,558 3,869 12,159 2,51! 2,625 3,928! 3,849 12,2641 12,147 16,119,16,439 91,42 91,19 15,64 15,273! 67.39J 67,383, 67,18i 67,48 9,984 1,124 9, 9,798) 9,894 3,27 3,396, 3,317! 3,236-3,347 1,264 2,15 6,714 1,451 1,958! 6,7281 1,3531 1,991 6.663J 1,2611 1,333 2,3 i 1,997 6,561 i 6,547 57,11 48,882 57,225! 57,386i 57,371 i 57,498 49,161 48,974 i 49,66 j 8,212 8,239! 8,338! 8,27 57,28! 57,95 57,576, 57,672, 57,732 8,96 i 3,112i 1,2541 1,867j 5,794 48,319 41,715 6,669. 8,929 j 3,18, 1,37! 1,883 5,7491 48,1421 41,575, 6,585 8,89, 3,581 1,24j 1,8631 5,751, 8,877 3,174 1,249 1,925 5,73 48,7721 48,748 42,41 41,976! 6.786J 6,795] L 16,727 91,358 15,385 67,494 9,727 3,252 1,298 1,949 6,476 57,758 49,111 i 49,19 8,418 8,561 8,732 3,132, 1,291! 1,851 5,61 48,941 42,79 6,856 57,95 8,878 3,195 1,26 1,92 5,683 48,969 42,168 6,824 A-8. persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) Age and sex Total, 16 years and over... 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,55 2,564 1,287 572 721 1,277 4,992 4,435 61 Nov. 7,315 2,45 1,166 539 624 1,284 4,926 4,297 615 Dec. 7,155 2,513 1,298 573 728 1,215 4,717 4,13 539 Jan. 7,498 2,464 1,274 633 629 1,19 4,971 4,365 66 Feb. 7,183 2,525 1,347 662 68 1,178 4,63 4,82 532 Mar. 7,237 2,531 1,26 649 591 1,272 4,653 4,11 555 Apr. 7,665 2,571 1,369 663 724 1,22 5,59 4,485 599 May June July "t J! i 7,492 7,384i 7,559 7,431, 7,451, 7,249 2,5221 1,288, 626 6871 1,2331 4,851 j 4,231 i 589 2,6911 1,415! 698 i 73 i 1,276 4,823, 4,246 615 2,721! 1,377] 6761 693] 1,3451 4,76! 68J 598; 2,745 1,378 647 724 1,367! 4,7331 4,1651 5651 2,64 1,332 652 678 1,272 4,674 4,136 549 Men, 16 years and over 4,74 3,924 3,896 4,9 3,8491 3,862 4,67 2,539 1,36 689 667 1,179 4,972 4,394 594! 4,145 3,955; 3,955] 4,1 4,29, 3,797 " 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Women, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 1,431 717 39 46 714 2,682 2,343 352 3,431 1,133 57 263 315 563 2,31 2,92 258 1,346 63 271 361 716 2,626 2,249 349 3,391 1,14 536 268 263 568 2,3 2,48 266 1,411 727 313 411 684 2,551 2,217 36 1,12] 571! 26! 317! 531 j 2,166 1,913 233 1,366 6841 338 329' 682 2,672 2,352 347 3,259! 3,48 1,98 591 2941 3! 58 2,299 2,14 259 1,391 775 376 388 616 2,42 2,136 39 1,133 571 286 292 562 2,183 1,946 223 1,351 684 334 344 665 2,48 2,187 319 3,334! 3,375 1,182 575 315 247 66 2,174 1,914 236 1,365 728 365 393 637 2,676 2,38 372 1,394 735 ; 369' 3631 6591 2,7581 2,45 j 346! 1,378! 716! 3281 4111 6621 2,564 j 2,1981 335 i 1,421 763 j 3791 377, 6571 2,495! 2,2! 337! 1,563] 796' 379 i 411J 768 j 2,496 : 2,184! 361 1,462! 7471 338! 431 714, 2,592, 2,223 i 351 3,598! 3,347, 3,429i 3,64, 3,43i 3,422, 3,452 1,26 641 298 331 1.145 1 625 32 35 1,143 572' 298] 2761 1,271 j 652' 319! 326' 1,158] 581! 297' 283 j! 1,283] 631 39] 321' 1,153 544 295 252 566 521 572j 619' 5771 653 i 69 2,383 2,214! 2,288 i 2,329! 2,264; 2,142] 2,31 2,177 1.989J 2,32j 2,46] 1.984 1 1,9411 2,61 227 2481 254, 278, 2921 215 262 1,451 788 357 426 662 2,373 2,75 287 16

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Age and sex Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Total, 16 years and over... 5.8 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 11.8 17.1 17.8 16.8 9. 11.4 15.8 17.2 1 9.1 11.6 17.2 18.1 16.6 8.6 3.5 11.4 16.7 2. 1 8.5 11.7 17.6 2.7 1 8.5 3.4 11.6 16.1 2. 13. 9.1 3.5 11.8 17.5 2.6 1 8.7 11.8 17.6 21.5 1 8.6 11.7 1 18.5 1 9. 12.5 18.2 21.4 1 9.3 12.7 17.7 21.2 1 9.9 12.8 17.5 19.8 15.8 1.1 Men, 16 years and over... 5.8 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 12.4 18.1 18.2 18.1 9.4 11.8 16.5 16.5 16.5 9.5 12.2 18.5 18.8 18.2 9. 3.5 12. 17.4 2.9 1 9.1 12.1 19.4 22.6 16.7 8.2 11.7 17. 2.2 1 8.9 11.8 17.8 21.7 16.1 8.6 12.3 18.4 22.6 1 8.9 12. 17.4 18.4 17.4 9. 12.5 18.7 21.9 1 9. 1 19.7 23.1 17. 1.5 12.9 18.3 2.2 16.8 9.8 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 11.2 16. 17.4 1 8.6 1.9 1 17.9 12.8 8.7 1.9 15.8 17.4 1 8.1 3.4 1.7 1 19.1 1 7.8 11.2 1 18.7 1 8.7 3.2 11.5 1 19.8 11.3 9.4 3.4 11.9 17.2 19.4 1 8.8 3.3 11.4 16.7 2.4 1 8.2 11.3 1 18.6 12.8 9. 12.6 17.6 21. 1 9.7 11.5 1 19.2 12.8 9.2 12.8 16.8 19.3 1 1.4 3. 17

HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-1. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted Category CHARACTERSTC Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Total Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 17.1 15.8 17.2 16.7 17.6 16.1 5.8 17.5 17.6 1 18.2 17.7 White Black and other Black Hispanic origin 1.4 11.1 9.4 9.8 1.5 8.8 9.2 9.8 9.2 9.5 1.2 1.2 9.4 1.1 8.9 9.2 9.8 9.1 9.8 1.7 8.8 9.1 9.9 1. 9.8 1.6 9. 1.1 11.1 8.8 1.2 11.3 9.9 Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families, 3.3 8.9 3.2 8.7 3.2 8.8 3.4 8.9 3. 8.1 3.2 7.6 3.4 9. 3.4 8. 3.4 8.4 3.4 8.5 3.3 7. OCCUPATON 1 Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 2.5 5.8 8.5 8.4 2.4 8.3 7.5 2.3 8.2 7.8 2.3 5.8 8.2 7.8 2.2 7.6 7.2 2.5 7.5 8. 2.5 6. 7.9 8.5 2.2 6.2 8.7 9.2 2.5 5.8 8.5 8.6 2.6 6.6 8.4 7.6 2.6 6.8 8.5 6.6 NDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Service-producing industries Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 1.7 7.2 3.4 3.2 1.3 6.3 1.7 6. 7. 2.7 1.4 6.2 1.9 6.7 2.9 3.1 11.1 11.7 6.6 2.9 3.2 1.7 5.8 1.5 3.5 2.8 9.1 6. 6.1 1.8 6.2 3.3 2.7 1.5 11.8 6.8 3.4 3.1 11.3 6. 7.2 12.6 6. 6.7 2.8 12.5 1.6 6.6 6.2 3.3 3.2 11.9 6.5 3.4 1.9 5.8 6.6 3.5 5.8 2.8 9.7 5.8 6.5 12.2 3.4 3. 8.3 1 Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 18

^ HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-11. persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Reason! Nov. ' Dec. Jan. j Feb., Mar. * Apr. : May June ' July. NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, 3,51313,495 ; 3,442 On temporary layoff 848, 8811 93' Not on temporary layoff i 2,665' 2,614 2,512! Job leavers 755 j 71 74 j Reentrants 2,626. 2,5751 2,525. New entrants 614.! 578 555 PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed j 1. 1 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs [ 46.8 On temporary layoff ' 11.3, Not on temporary layoff 3' Job leavers, 1.1! Reentrants ' 3, New entrants. UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CVLAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. Job leavers Reentrants New entrants i 8.2! 2.7'.6; 2..5' 1. 47.5! 12.! 3 9.6 1 3i 7.9; 2.7 1 5i 2.;.4' 1.1 47.6 j 12.9 3 1 9.7l 3 7.7 2.6i 5 1.9.4! 3,658, 1,61; 2,598! 694; 2,488! 597 l 1.1 49.2: 1 3' 9.31 33.4j 2.81 1.9.5! 3,339 1,25 2,314 773 2,474 582 1. 46.6! 1! 32.3 1.8 3! 8.' 8. 1! 2.5.6i 1.9:.4 3,352j 3,532' 1,32 1,1451 2,32! 2,387i 811 817 2,43. 2,779 64 6371 1.. 46.6 i 1; 32.2 1.J 4! 1 1 1 11.3! 1.5 3, 8.4! 2.5',5'.5' l 35.8! 8.2.6 1 2.1.5! 3,614 958 2,657 87j 2,458; 522 j! 1.1 48.4: 12.8; 3 11.7i 32.9; 7. 2.7;.7 1.9! 4 i i ' i! 3,423! 1,66; 2,3571 834 i 2,526 54: 1.. 46.7! 1 32.2; 11.4 3 7.4 2 % 1.9i 4 i 3,615 1,184 2,431 832 2,593 571 3,4261 3,367' 1,36! 874: 2,39! 2,492 i 871' 887! 2,537; 2,578; 574, 614, 1.. 1. 47.5! 46.2; 1 1! 31.9,' 32.3 1.9! 11.8 3! 3: 7.5, 7.8 1 i 2.7:.61 2. j 41 2.6j i:s!.4! 1., 4! 11.7J 33.5 11.9 1 31 8.3 2.5' 7 1.9: 3,452 972 2,48 753 2,52 55 1. 47.6 13.4 3 1.4 3 7.6 2.6.6 1.9.4 A-12. persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Duration NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Nov. t - r! Less than 5 weeks i 2,434 1 5 to 14 weeks > 2,256!! 15 weeks and over 2,934 2,599' 2,163 2,661 ) 15 to 26 weeks j 1,344! 1,187, 1 27 weeks and over i 1,59 1,474 j Dec. i 1 2,587 ' 2,149! 2,456. 1,88, 1,368 ' Jan., T : 2,937! 2,122 i 2,386 i 1,33 1,353, Feb. 2,6 2,165 ; 2,298 1,9! 1,27 '! Mar. Apr. -- t- i 2,523, 2,319 ' 2,266 92 ' 1,347!. _ i 2,629! 2,43 : 2,55 ' 1,115! 1,39 May 2,598 j 2,34 : 2,585 ' 1,282 ' 1,33!! June -4- T 2,742! 2,348 i 2,299 ; 1,96 i 1,23 July! i 2,6! 2,621! 2,319 1,23 i 1,297. i i. 2,713 i 2,434 2,38 : 1,15! 1,23! ; i 2,868! 2,272! 2,352! 1,71 : 1,281 i 2,74 2,348 2,296 1,68 1,228 Average (mean) duration, in weeks 19.3 Median duration, in weeks ' 1.1 18.2! 9.1! 17.8! 8.7 16.7 ' 7.9 ' 16.9! 7.8 17.5! 7.9! 17.7; 8.5 16.9 i 9. i 1 ' 7.5 i 16.5 9.1 ' i 16.3 8.7, 16.3 8. 16.2 8.1 PERCENT DSTRBUTON i 1 1 1 1. i Total unemployed, 1.! 3! Less than 5 weeks i 31.9 29.1, 5 to 14 weeks \ 29.6 35.8 15 weeks and over 38.5 i 16. ' 15 to 26 weeks 17.6 i 19.9! 27 weeks and over! 2.9 1. ' 36.! 29.9! 3 i 1 : 19. 1. 39.4 28.5 ' 32. ' 1! 18.2 ' 1. : 36.8 ' 32.5! 1 ' 17.1 i 1. j 3 i 32.6 j 31.9 12.9 18.9! 1. 3 i 32.1 33.1 i 1 18.4, 1.! 3 ' 3 ' 17.1! 17.4 1. : 37.1! 31.8! 31.1 ' 1 16.3. 1.! 3 " 3 j 1 17.2 i 1. 36. 32.3. 31.6 i 1 16.3 ' 1. ' 38.3 ' 3.3 31.4! 1 i 17.1 1. 37.1 31.8 31.1 1 16.6 19

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) October Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population j Percent of population Total Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number Percent of labor force Not in labor force TOTAL 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 99,192 14,678 7,477 7,21 17,79 14,459 4,641 19,6 21,581 42,484 22,193 2,291 31,334 17,736 13,598 2,781 1,97 9,811 31,564 9,748 8,595 13,22 132,863 7,412 3,57 4,356 13,392 95,983 34,266 15,957 18,39 36,189 18,765 17,424 25,528 14,846 1,682 12,11 7,523 4,587 3,966 2,211 1,131 624 66.7 5.5 4.9 6.5 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 81.5 8 78.6 58.3 68.6 46.8 12.6 22.7 13.2 125,979 6,154 2,477 3,677 12,211 92,67 32,627 15,18 17,447 34,679 17,928 16,751 24,761 14,386 1,375 11,742 7,28 4,462 3,86 2,129 1,77 6 63.2 41.9 33.1 51.1 69. 8.4 8.3 79.6 8.8 81.6 8.8 82.6 79. 81.1 76.3 56.5 6 4 12.1 21.8 12.5 3,479 233 111 122 312 2,81 71 323 379 818 434 384 562 296 266 441 246 195 411 212 19 9 122,5 5,92 2,366 3,555 11,899 89,985 31,925 14,858 17,68 33,86 17,494 16,367 24,199 14,9 1,19 11,3 7,34 4,267 3,395 1,917 968 51 6,884 1,258 58 679 1,182 3,916 1,639 777 862 1,511 837 674 766 46 37 369 243 126 16 81 54 24 17. 19. 1 8.8 3. 3.1 2.9 3. 3.2 2.7 66,329 7,266 4,42 2,845 4,317 18,477 6,376 3,14 3,272 6,295 3,428 2,867 5,86 2,89 2,916 8,671 3,447 5,224 27,598 7,538 7,465 12,596 Men 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 95,492 7,465 3,854 3,612 8,747 56,199 19,992 9,359 1,634 2,914 1,933 9,981 15,293 8,692 6,61 9,883 5,261 4,622 13,198 4,45 3,766 4,982 71,324 3,851 1,57 2,281 7,128 51,429 18,565 8,581 9,983 19,313 1,111 9,22 13,552 7,845 5,77 6,634 4,73 2,561 2,282 1,257 638 387 7 51.6 4.7 63.2 81.5 91.5 92.9 91.7 9 92.3 92.5 92.2 88.6 9.3 86.5 67.1 77.4 5 17.3 28.2 16.9 7.8 67,85 3,139 1,258 1,88 6,532 49,548 17,8 8,2 9,6 18,62 9,724 8,878 13,146 7,625 5,521 6,445 3,954 2,491 2,185 1,212 64 37 71.1 42. 32.6 52.1 7 88.2 89. 87.6 9.3 88.9 88.9 88.9 86. 87.7 8 6 7 5 16.6 27.2 16. 7.4 2,582 184 93 91 259 1,515 541 268 274 573 34 269 41 228 173 37 16 147 318 17 8 65,268 2,955 1,165 1,789 6,274 48,33 17,258 7,932 9,326 18,29 9,42 8,69 12,746 7,397 5,348 6,139 3,794 2,344 1,868 1,42 524 32 3,474 712 312 41 595 1,881 765 382 383 711 387 324 46 219 186 189 119 7 96 45 34 18., 18.5 19.9 17.6 8.4 3.5 3. 2.8 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7 24,168 3,614 2,284 1,33 1,619 4,77 1,428 777 65 1,61 822 779 1,741 847 894 3,249 1,188 2,61 1,916 3,193 3,128 4,595 Women 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 3,7 7,213 3,623 3,59 8,962 58,26 2,649 9,72 1,947 21,57 11,26 1,31 16,41 9,44 6,997 1,898 5,78 5,19 18,366 5,299 4,83 8,238 61,539 3,561 1,487 2,74 6,265 44,553 15,71 7,375 8,326 16,876 8,654 8,223 11,976 7,1 4,975 5,476 3,45 2,27 1,684 954 493 237 59.3 49.4 41. 57.8 69.9 76.5 76. 76. 76.1 78.2 76.9 79.8 7 77.4 71.1 5.2 39. 9.2 18. 1.2 2.9 58,129 3,15 1,219 1,797 5,678 42,519 14,827 6,981 7,846 16,76 8,24 7,873 11,615 6,761 4,854 5,296 3,326 1,97 1,62 918 473 23 56.1 41.8 3 5.1 63.4 73. 71.8 72. 71.7 7 72.9 7 72.4 7 69.4 48.6 58.3 38. 8.8 17.3 9.8 2.8 896 49 18 31 53 566 16 55 15 245 13 115 161 68 94 134 86 48 94 42 3 22 57,232 2,966 1,21 1,765 5,626 41,952 14,667 6,926 7,742 15,831 8,74 7,758 11,454 6,693 4,761 5,162 3,239 1,923 1,527 876 443 28 3,41 546 268 278 586 2,35 874 395 479 8 45 35 361 24 121 18 124 56 63 36 2 6 1 18. 13.4 9.4 5.8 3. 3.4 2.4 3.3 2.8 i ' 2.7 1 42,161 3,652 2,137 1,515 2,698 13,77 4,948 2,326 2,622 4,694 2,67 2,88 4,65 2,43 2,22 5,422 2,259 3,163 16,683 4,344 4,337 8,1 2

A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race Continued (Numbers in thousands) October Civilian labor force HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Total Percent of population Total Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagri- cultural industries Number Percent of labor force WHTE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 167,327 11,549 5,851 5,698 14,168 95,355 33,193 15,466 17,727 35,423 18,448 16,975 26,739 15,53 11,686 18,16 9,463 8,552 28,239 8,541 7,694 12,4 112,322 6,216 2,637 3,579 1,967 8,838 28,316 13,98 15,218 3,464 15,733 14,731 22,59 12,746 9,312 1,672 6,61 4,7 3,629 2,1 1,45 583 67.1 5 4 62.8 77.4 8 8 8 85.8 86. 8 86.8 82.5 8 79.7 59.2 69.8 47.6 12.9 23.4 1 17,294 5,319 2,25 3,114 1,138 77,988 27,192 12,573 14,62 29,342 15,115 14,227 21,454 12,394 9,6 1,356 6,396 3,96 3,494 1,937 998 559 6 46.1 37.7 5 71.6 81.8 81.9 81.3 82.5 82.8 81.9 8 8.2 82.3 77.5 57.5 67.6 46.3 12.4 22.7 13. 3,258 222 12 119 286 1,93 656 37 349 754 399 355 52 273 248 426 242 184 394 24 13 87 14,36 5,97 2,13 2,995 9,851 76,58 26,537 12,266 14,271 28,588 14,716 13,872 2,934 12,122 8,812 9,93 6,154 3,776 3,1 1,733 895 472 5,27 897 432 465 829 2,85 1,124 525 598 1,122 618 54 64 352 252 316 26 11 135 65 47 23 1 1 13. 7.6 3.5 3.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 3. 3.1 2.7 3.2 Men 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 8,957 5,896 3,9 2,886 7,93 47,432 16,571 7,711 8,859 17,672 9,217 8,455 13,189 7,456 5,733 8,671 4,592 4,78 11,865 3,921 3,38 4,564 61,13 3,277 1,367 1,911 5,926 43,911 15,585 7,16 8,425 16,498 8,631 7,867 11,828 6,79 5,39 5,928 3,632 2,296 2,87 1,131 594 362 7 5 4 66.2 8 92.6 9 92.8 9 93.4 9 93. 89.7 91.1 87.9 68.4 79.1 56.3 17.6 28.9 17.6 7.9 58,528 2,745 1,125 1,621 5,492 42,524 15,52 6,898 8,153 15,957 8,328 7,63 11,515 6,63 4,885 5,763 3.529 2,234 2,4 1,97 563 344 72.3 46.6 37.4 56.2 77.4 89.7 9.8 89.5 92. 9.3 9.4 9.2 87.3 88.9 8 66.5 76.8 5 16.9 28. 16.6 7.5 2,385 175 86 89 233 1,382 55 255 251 513 273 24 363 25 157 293 157 136 33 162 76 65 56,143 2,571 1,39 1,532 5,259 41,142 14,546 6,644 7,93 15,444 8,55 7,389 11,152 6,425 4,727 5,47 3,372 2,98 1,71 935 487 279 2,61 532 242 29 434 1,387 534 262 272 54 33 238 313 16 154 165 13 62 83 34 31 18 16.2 17.7 1 7.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3. 2.6 2.3 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 3. Women 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over 86,37 5,653 2,842 2,812 7.75 47,923 16,622 7,754 8,867 17,751 9,231 8,52 13,55 7,597 5,953 9,345 4,871 4,474 16,374 4,621 4,314 7,44 51,192 2,939 1,27 1,669 5,4 36,927 12,731 38 6,793 13,966 7,12 6.863 1,23 5,956 4,274 4,744 2,97 1,774 1,543 87 452 221 [ 59.3 52. 4 59.3 71.2 77.1 76.6 76.6 76.6 78.7 76.9 8.6 7 78.4 71.8 5.8 61. 39.7 9.4 18.8 1.5 3. 48,766 2,574 1,8 1,493 4,645 35,464 12,141 5,674 6,466 13,384 6,787 6,597 9,939 5,764 4,175 4,593 2,867 1,726 1,49 84 435 215 56.5 4 38. 53.1 6 7 73. 73.2 72.9 7 73.5 77.4 73.3 7 7.1 49.1 58.9 38.6 9.1 18.2 1.1 2.9 873 47 16 3 53 548 15 52 98 241 126 115 158 67 9 133 85 48 92 42 27 22 47,893 2,527 1,64 1,463 4,592 34,916 11,99 5,622 6,368 13,144 6,661 6,482 9,781 5,697 4,85 4,46 2,781 1,678 1,399 798 48 193 2,426 365 19 175 395 1,463 59 264 326 582 315 266 291 193 99 151, 13 48 52 j 3 j 16! 6 12.4 1 1.5 7.8 2.8 3.2 l 2.3 > 3.2 j 3.5 i 2.7 ; 3.4 j 3.5! 2.5 i i 21

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race Continued (Numbers in thousands) October Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Percent of population Total Percent of population Employed Nonagricultural industries Number Percent of labor force Not labor force BLACK 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over Men 23,357 2,31 1,213 1,97 2,529 13,843 5,326 2,546 2,78 5,221 2.815 2,46 3,296 1,932 1,364 2,92 1,124 968 2,583 924 698 961 14,943 864 319 545 1,716 11,56 4,312 2,59 2,253 4,267 2,37 1,96 2,477 1,516 96 1,67 682 385 239 154 58 27 6 37.4 26.3 49.7 67.9 79.9 81. 8.9 81. 81.7 82. 81.5 7 78.5 7.4 51. 6.7 39.8 9.3 16.7 8.3 2.8 13,52 578 24 373 1,424 1,253 3,911 1,863 2,48 3,978 2,141 1,837 2,365 1,433 931 1,43 662 381 222 141 54 27 57.9 2 16.9 3 56.3 7 73.4 73.2 7 76.2 76.1 7 71.7 7 68.3 49.9 58.9 39.4 8.6 1 7.7 2.8 11 6 19 5 13 23 11 13 18 11 7 1 3 7 11 5 6 13,422 572 198 374 1,412 1,194 3,892 1,858 2,34 3,955 2,13 1,825 2,347 1,423 924 1,33 659 374 211 136 48 27 1,423 286 114 172 293 82 41 196 25 289 166 123 112 83 29 24 2 4 17 13 4 9.5 33.1 35.8 31.5 17.1 7.3 9.3 9.5 9.1 6.8 7.2 6.3 3. 2.3 3. 1. 7.1 84 o 8,414 1,446 894 551 812 2,787 1,14 487 527 953 58 446 82 416 43 1,24 442 583 2,344 77 64 934 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over... 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over. Women 1,464 1,148 63 518 1,144 6,255 2,385 1,126 1,259 2,383 1,296 1,87 1,486 878 69 95 491 414 1,12 398 294 319 7,161 415 154 261 815 5,29 2,66 978 1,88 2,38 1,12 937 1,185 747 438 53 313 189 138 91 29 18 68.4 36.1 2 5.4 71.3 8 86.6 86.8 86.5 8 8 86.1 79.7 8 71.9 5 6 4 1 23. 9.8 6,52 276 11 175 688 4,937 1,96 892 1,14 1,95 1,36 87 1,126 73 423 49 33 188 129 82 29 18 62.3 2 16. 3 6.1 78.9 79.9 79.1 8.6 8. 79.9 8. 75.8 8.1 69.6 5 61.6 4 12.7 2.7 9.7 92 6 7 12 56 15 3 12 23 11 13 18 1 23 1 3 7 8 5 4 6,428 27 94 176 676 4,881 1,891 888 1,2 1,882 1,25 857 1,18 692 416 48 3 18 12 78 25 18 641 139 53 86 128 353 161 86 74 133 66 67 59 45 14 13 11 2 9 9. 33.4 3 32.9 1 6.7 7.8 8.8 6.8 6.5 6. 7.1 6. 3.3 2.5 3.5 1. 6.7 V) 3,33 733 476 257 329 965 319 149 17 345 194 151 31 13 171 42 178 225 874 37 265 31 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 3 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 6 to 64 years 65 years and over... 65 to 69 years 7 to 74 years 75 years and over. 12,893 1,162 583 579 1,385 7,588 2,941 1,42 1,521 2,838 1,519 1,319 1,81 1,55 755 1,186 633 554 1,572 526 44 642 7,782 449 165 284 91 5,766 2,246 1,81 1,165 2,229 1,25 1,24 1,291 769 523 564 369 196 11 62 29 38.7 28.3 49.1 6 76. 7 76.1 76.6 78.5 79.3 77.6 71.4 72.9 69.2 47.6 58.3 3 11.9 7.3 1.4 7, 32 14 198 736 5,316 2,5 972 1,34 2,73 1,15 968 1,239 731 58 553 36 194 93 59 25 9 5 26. 17.8 3 53.1 7.1 68.2 68.4 67.9 73. 72.8 73.4 68.4 69.3 67.3 46.6 56.8 3 11.2 6.3 1.4 6.995 32 14 198 737 5,312 2,1 97 1,32 2,73 1,15 968 1,238 73 58 553 36 194 91 59 23 9 781 148 61 86 165 45 241 11 131 156 1 56 53 38 15 11 1. 32.8 37.3 3.3 18.3 7.8 1.7 1.1 11.3 7. 8.3 2.8 2. 2.5 1.1 7.7 O ( 1 ) V) 5,111 713 418 295 484 1,822 695 339 357 69 314 295 518 286 232 622 264 358 1,471 463 375 633 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 22

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Employment status and race Total Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 1S years TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force 197,43 131,879 66.8 124,724 3,523 121,22 7,155 65,55 199,192 132,863 66.7 125,979 3,479 122,5 6,884 66,329 87,439 67,392 77.1 64,294 2,377 61,917 3,98 2,47 88,27 67,473 76.7 64,711 2,398 62,313 2,762 2,554 95,729 57,32 59.9 54,473 888 53,585 2,829 38,427 96,487 57,978 6.1 55,113 847 54,266 2,864 38,59 14,261 7,185 5.4 5,957 257 5,7 1,228 17.1 7,76 White Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force 165,954 111,577 67.2 16,435 3,273 13,163 5,141 54,377 167,327 112,322 67.1 17,294 3,258 14,36 5,27 55,5 74,54 57,73 77.5 55,41 2,172 53,238 2,294 16,8 75,61 57,852 77.1 55,783 2,21 53,573 2,69 17,29 8,144 47,822 59.7 45,817 848 44,969 2,5 32,322 8,717 48,254 59.8 46,192 827 45,366 2,61 32,463 11,37 6,52 53.5 5,29 254 4,955 843 1 5,255 Black Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment rate Not in labor force 22,99 14,716 6 13,146 134 13,12 1,57 1.7 8,275 23,357 14,943 6 13,52 98 13,422 1,423 9.5 8,414 9,221 6,76 73.3 6,161 115 6,46 599 8.9 2,461 9,316 6,746 72.4 6,244 86 6,158 52 7.4 2,57 11,546 7,96 61.5 6,45 21 6,429 646 9.1 4,451 11,731 7,333 62.5 6,699 6 6,693 634 8.6 4,399 2,223 86 38.7 535 536 325 37.8 1,363 23

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin Continued (Numbers in thousands) Enrollment status, educational attainment, race, and Hispanic origin Total, 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years TOTAL NOT ENROLLED Less than a high school diploma... High school graduates, no college Less than a bachelor's degree College graduates Men, 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years Less than a high school diploma... High school graduates, no college. Less than a bachelor's degree College graduates Women, 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years Less than a high school diploma... High school graduates, no college. Less than a bachelor's degree College graduates i Civilian j noninsti- tutional population i 4! 15,489 3,391 12,99 3,854 6,585 3,582 1,468 7,7 1,662 6,38 1,977 3,497 1,63 623 7,789 1,728 6,61 1,877 3,88 1,979 845 12,455 2,47 9,985 2,427 5,491 3,156 1,381 j 6,92 j 1,365 5,536 i 1,68 3,161 1,532 6 5,553 : 1,14! 4,449 819 2,33 1,624 78 Percent of population 8.4 72.8 82.5 63. 83.4 88.1 9 89.6 82.1 91.7 81.3 9.4 9 9 71.3 6 73.4 4 7 82. 92.4 Total 1,966. : 1,967 8,999 1,882 4,835 2,951 j 1,298 j 6,97! ; 1,76 ' 5,21 1,298 2,86 1,427 566 i 4,869 ' 891 3,978 585 2,28 1,524 732 T October Employed Full i time i -h i 9,145 1,389 7,756 Civilian labor force J 1,478 3,99 2,487 1,19 5,43 841 62 1,82 2,58 1,281 532 3,742 547 3,194 396 1,482 1,26 658 Part time u 1,821 i 578 1,243 j 45 844 j 464 i 18 ' 694 i 235 j 459 216! 298 i 146 i 34 i 1,127 i 343 j 784 i 189 546 318 74! Total 1,489 53 j 986 i 544! 657 25 i 83!! 84 i 289 515 " 31 355 : 15 35! 684! 214 471 ' 234 32 1 48 Looking for full-time work 1,362 436 i 926 491 619 i 173 79 i 761! 264 497 294 j 34! 96 31 i 6 i 172 j 429! i 197, 278 77, 48 Looking for part-time work 127 67 6 53 38 32 4 43 25 18 16 14 84 42 42 37 24 23 ; Percent! Of! labor j force 12. 2.4 9.9 22.4 12. 6.5 6. 11.7 21.2 9.3 19.3 11.2 6.9 5.8 12.3 19.3 1.6 28.6 13. 6.2 6.2 White Total, 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years Men Women. Less than a high school diploma... High school graduates, no college, Less than a bachelor's degree College graduates Total, 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years Men Women. Black Less than a high school diploma... High school graduates, no college. Less than a bachelor's degree College graduates Hispanic origin 12,287 2,668 9,619 6,195 6,92 2,966 5,138 2,88 1,32 2,42 552 1,85 1,83 1,318 631 1,146 529 95 1,93 j 2,3 8,9!! 5,691 4,42 1,943 i 4,363 2,557 1,23 1,731 j 352 1,379 841 89 37 884 454 85 82.1 7 8 91.9 72.3 6 8 88.8 9 72.1 6 7 77.6 67.5 48.7 77.2 85.8 9.1 9,77 1,663 7,414 5,18 3,969 1,583 3,98 j 2,425 j 1,161 i! 1,339 i 218 j" 1,121 662 676 161 75 396 77 7,641 i 1,216 i 6,425 i 4,563! 3,78 1,252 j 3.245 2,74 1,7 1,32! 111 921 544 488 11 548 36 68 1,436! 447 i 989 545 891 331 j 663 351 92 ' i 37 17 j 118 i 188 j i 51 j 157 9! 8 1,16 : 34 676 583 432 361 455 131 l j 392 134 258 i 178 214 146 179 928 31 627 55 377 329 427 17 64 117 251 173 195 134 171 54 9 88 39 48 33 55 31 28 ; 24 4 25. 17 7 6 '' 19, 13! 8! 4 ', 1.1 17. 8.3 1.2 9.8 18.6 1.4 22.7 38.2 18.7 21.2 2 47.7 2.3 12.8 1. Total, 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years Men Women. Less than a high school diploma... High school graduates, no college Less than a bachelor's degree College graduates 2,72 641 2,61 j 1,436 j 1,266 i 1,312 936! 38 75 1,951 49 1,543! 1,286 665 849 723 312 68 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. NOTE: n the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin 72.2 6 7 89.6 52.5 6 77.3 82. 9.9 _L 1,668 35 1,363 1,127 541 77 j 625 28! 57 ' 1,461 243 j 1,218 1,3 i 458 624 545 241! 51 62 83 79 38 283, 13 18 159 124 249! 87 162! 148 11 126 91 32 21 11 11 J-! 34, 17! 18 ' 11 23 15 8 11 groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black groups. 1 2 11.6 12.4 18.6 16.7 1 1.4 are not population 25

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race (n thousands) October Full-time workers Employed 1 Part-time workers _._L T Age, sex, and race Total 35 hours or more At work 1 to 34 hours for economic or noneconomic reasons Not at work Total Part time for economic reasons At work 2 Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for full-time work i Looking for part-time work TOTAL Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 12,383 1,792 16 1,632 1,592 8,771 91,82 8,71 11,111 87,512 1,556 132 1,424 85,955 7,7 78,255 69,159 9,96 11,72 193 28 164 11,59 926 1,583 9,132 1,451 3,17 43 44 3.127 145 2,982 2,419 563 23,595 4,362 2,316 2,45 19,233 3,439 15,794 11,357 4,437 2,98 262 44 218 2,717 548 2,169 1,91 268 19,384 3,94 2,173 1,767 15,444 2,754 12,691 8,84 3,851 1,231 16 1 6 1,72 137 934 616 318 5,356 53 116 414 4,825 991 3,834 3,459 375 1,529 728 464 264 81 19 611 457 153 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 6,261 1,66 59,195 5,113 54,82 47,293 6,789 52,968 934 52,34 4,569 47,465 41,77 5,694 5,613 17 5,55 482 5,24 4,262 761 1,68 25 1,656 62 1,593 1,261 333 7,589 2,72 5,516 1,419 4,97 2,255 1,842 1,38 123 1,185 295 89 771 119 5,944 1,864 4,8 1,83 2,997 1,388 1,69 337 85 252 41 21 96 115 2,839 315 2,524 532 1,992 1,787 25 635 398 238 63 175 94 81 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 42,122 726 41,397 3,658 37,738 33,416 4,322 34,543 622 33,921 3,131 3,791 27,389 3,42 6,89 85 6,4 444 5,559 4,87 69 1,49 19 1,472 83 1,388 1,158 23 16,7 2,29 13,717 2,2 11,697 9,12 2,595 1,672 14 1,533 253 1,279 1,13 15 13,44 2,75 11,364 1,671 9,694 7,452 2,242 894 75 82 96 724 521 23 2,517 216 2,31 459 1,842 1,672 17 893 33 563 127 436 363 73 White Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 51,995 925 51,7 4,35 46,766 4,682 6,84 45,74 81 44,93 3,863 41,67 35,991 5,75 4,78 1 4,68 39 4,291 3,59 71 1,475 15 1,46 52 1,48 1,11 37 6,533 1,82 4,713 1,188 3.525 1,842 1.683 1,1 98 94 28 695 59 15 5,237 1,639 3,598 948 2,65 1,176 1,474 294 83 211 31 18 76 13 2,124 239 1,885 38 1,55 1,327 178 478 293 184 55 13 6 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 34,654 636 34,18 2,973 31,46 27,343 3,73 28,335 545 27,79 2,54 25,25 22,357 2,893 5,67 74 4,993 363 4,63 4,17 613 1,252 16 1,236 7 1,166 97 196 14,112 1,938 12,174 1,673 1,51 8,121 2,38 1,314 97 1,217 186 1,31 97 124 11,988 1,78 1,28 1,399 8,88 6,747 2,62 81 61 75 88 662 467 194 1,73 123 1,58 294 1,286 1,151 135 723 242 481 11 38 312 68 Black Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 5,781 92 5,689 521 69 4,661 57 65 6 5,65 51 5,14 4,619 485 5,28 79 4,949 45 4,499 4,52 447 4,66 5 4,61 427 4,182 3,786 396 615 5 61 69 542 5 42 822 8 815 64 751 685 66 138 8 13 2 127 19 19 183 2 181 1 171 148 23 739 184 555 167 387 276 112 1,335 242 1,93 234 859 697 162 233 2 214 73 141 136 4 266 3 235 54 181 162 19 475 163 312 88 224 128 97 1,15 22 812 174 638 5 138 3 1 29 7 22 12 1 55 9 46 6 4 36 5 531 66 465 122 343 i 328 15 ' 657 i 83 " 574 145 429 415 i 14 111 73 38 6 32 25 7 124 65 6 2 39 35 5 1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual status. 2 ncludes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time. 26

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age (n thousands) Occupation Total 16 years and over 16 years and over Men! 2 years and over 16 years and over Women 2 years and over Total Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Officials and administrators, public administration Other executive, administrative, and managerial Management-related occupations Professional specialty Engineers Mathematical and computer scientists Natural scientists Health diagnosing occupations Health assessment and treating occupations Teachers, college and university Teachers, except college and university Lawyers and judges Other professional specialty occupations Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Health technologists and technicians Engineering and science technicians Technicians, except health, engineering, and science Sales occupations Supervisors and proprietors Sales representatives, finance and business services Sales representatives, commodities, except retail Sales workers, retail and personal services Sales-related occupations Administrative support, including clerical Supervisors Computer equipment operators Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Financial records processing Mail and message distributing Other administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Food service Health service Cleaning and building service Personal service 124,724 34,462 16,621 697 11,662 4,262 17,84 1,913 1,195 511 953 2,745 925 4,382 877 4,338 37,58 3,955 1,583 1,196 1,176 14,949 4,423 2,436 1,467 6,497 127 18,65 814 534 4,74 2,221 1,38 9,924 16,848 757 2,279 13,812 5,98 2,159 2,877 2,795 125,979 36,31 17,458 682! 12,533 i 4,243 18,573 2,25 1,187 553 1,88 2,86 79 4,642 954 4,528 37,327 3,918 1,66 1,162 1,96 15,16 4,476 2,427 1,525 6,571 17 18,34 689 467 4,17 2,184 1,5 9,942 16,879 812 2,242 13,826 5,712 2,347 2,934 2,832 67,424 17,926 9,515 42 7,112 2,1 8,411 1,753 777 328 729 44 51 1,71 665 2,184 13,348 1,96 287 93 717 7,485 2,681 1,464 1,129 2,175 37 3,956 327 199 62 196 641 2,531 6,819 33 1,899 4,887 2,53 242 1,66 536 67,85! 64,294 i 18,73 17,832 9,974 9,473 357 42 7,735 7,75 1,882 1,997 8,729 8,358 1,857 1,752 814 776 43 328 823 729 396 44 47 499 1,146 1,62 75 665 2,178 2,144 13,15 1,881 32 889 672 7,563 2,691 1,396 1,152 2,294 3 3,661 241 18! 93 177 562 2,49 i 6,739 46 1,91 4,783 2,351 282 i 1,651 499 j 12,719 1,881 285 89 76 7,56 2,675 1,458 1,125 1,762 36 3,783 326 188 57 191 622 2,399 5,96 21 1,873 4,7 1,774 226 1,535 471 64,711 18,556 9,914 357 7,687 1,87 8,642 1,856 82 43 823 396 45 1,132 75 2,121 12,418 1,855 315 875 665 7,79 2,659 i 1,375 1,142 1,882 j 21 i 3,484 241 173 91 174 549 2,257 57,31 16,535 7,16 295 4,55 2,261 9,429 16 419 183 225 2,341 424 3,311 212 2,154 24,161 2,48 1,296 293 459 7,463 1,742 972 337 4,322 9 14,649 486 334 4,12 2,26 397 7,393 5,863 1,29 35 724 1,883 381 3,945 8,925 1,715 3,477 254 1,917 1,548 1,272 428 2,259! ' ' \._..] 58,129! 54,473! 55,113 17,328 16,397 ; 17,173 7,484! 7,58! 7,44 325 295 : 324 4,798 4,51 j 4,756 2,361 i 2,253 2,359 9,843 j 9,339 9,733 168 j 373 15 265! 16 i 419 i 184 223 ' 168 372 15 265 2,41 i 2,341 ' 2,47 383! 421 ; 379 3,495 ' 3,261 : 3,44 249 j 212 247 2,35 j 2,119 2,36 i 24,222 2,36 j 1,339 274 423 7,543 1,785 1,31 373 4,277 11 14,643 448 287 3,924 2,7 444 7,534 22,684 ' 22,714 2,3! 1,289 ' 287 454 6,47! 1,723 : 944 333! 3,388 i 84 14,184 487 327 3,918 2,4 39 7,59 1,141 9,91 766 661 332 367 9,43 8,63 3,361 i 2,842 2,66 1,856 1,284! 1,225 2,333 i 2,139 2,22 1,329 27 423 6,531 1,769 1,3 362 3,324 73 14,161 443 28 3,848 1,989 428 7,174 9,42 681 322 8,39 2,72 1,977 1,194 2,166 Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 13,692 4,356 5,25 4,131 13,665 4,482 5,151 4,32 12,422 4,156 5,72 3,194 12,437 4,35 5,33 3,99 12,183 4,9 4,948 3,144 12,162 4,218 4,91 3,43 1,27 2 133 938 1,228 177 118 933 1,25 2 127 923 1,28 176 111 921 Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators Other transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 18,53 8,73 5,231 3,986 1,246 5,199 856 4,343 18,336 13,937 8,24 4,959 5,241 4,743 3,977 3,545 1,264 1,198 5,7 4,235 891 821 4,18 3,414 13,879 5,43 4,733 3,533 1,2 4,14 861 3,242 12,937 4,757 4,635 3,458 1,177 3,545 771 2,773 12,947 4,859 4,63 3,454 1,176 3,458 797 2,661 4,566 3,114 488 441 47 965 35 93 4,457 j 4,353 2,982 3,12 59 482 445 435 64 47 967 859 29 32 937 827 4,259 2,898 495 433 62 866 29 837 Farming, forestry, and fishing Farm operators and managers Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations 3,711 1,468 i 2,243 3,74 1,386 2,354 2,972 j 2,987! 2,717 1,89 i 1,31 i 1,51 1,884 i 1,956 1,666 L _ 2,766 1,1 1,756 739 379 36 753 355 398 698 372 326 717 354 363 27

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex (Percent distribution) Occupation and race Total Men Women TOTAL Total, 16 years and over (thousands). Percent 124,724 1. 125,979 1. 67,424 1. 67,85 1. 57,31 1. 58,129 1. Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 27.6 13.3 1 3.1 3.2 12. 1 13.5.6 1.8 11.1 11. 1 6.5 3. 28.6 1 1 29.6 3.1 12. 1 13.4.6 1.8 11. 1.8 1 3. 26.6 1 12.5 19.8 2.8 11.1 1.1 2.8 7.2 18.4! 2.7 7.4 7. 6.3 27.6 i 1 J 12.9 ; 19.3! 2.8 11.1 j 9.9.1 i 2.8 7. j 18.3! 2.5 7.4 7. 6. 28.9 12.4 16.5 42.2 13. 2 17.5 1.3.7 1 2.2 8..9 1.7 1.3 29.8 12.9 16.9 41.7 3.5 13. 2 17.4 1.3.6 1 2.1 7.7.9 1.7 1.3 White Total, 16 years and over (thousands). Percent 16,435 1. 17,294 1. 58,156 1. 58,528 1. 48,279 1. 48,766 1. Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 28.8 1 1 3.4 3.2 12.5 1 12.4.6 1.7 1.1 11.5 1 3.2 29.6 1 1 29.9 3.2 12.5 1 12.2.6 1.6 1. 11.2 1 3.2 27.8 1 12.9 19.9 2.8 11.6 9.1.1 2.6 19.3 19.3 6.9 6.6 5.8 28.5 1 13.2 19.6 2.8 11.8 8.8.1 2.6 6.2 18.9 19.4 7. 6.8 3. 13. 17. 43. 13.5 2 1 1.2.6 1 2. 7.1.8 1.6 1.5 3.9 13.5 17.4 42.3 3.5 13.4 2 16.3 1.2.5 1 1.9 7..9 1.6 1.5 Black Total, 16 years and over (thousands). Percent 13,146 1. 13,52 1. 6,442 1. 6,52 1. 6,74 1. 7, 1. Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers. Farming, forestry, and fishing 18.7 8.4 1.3 27.8 2.9 8.2 16.7 21.5.8 3. 17.6 7.7 22.9 1.2 6.1 6.6 1.4 21.3 1. 11.3 28.1 2.7 8.6 16.8 21.7 1.1 3.3 17.3 8.3 19.6 9.1.9 15.8 8.4 7.4 17.9 2.7 6.8 8.4 18.1 13.2 12.7 33. 11.1 11.2 1.6 2.6 19.6 1.4 9.2 16.7 2. 6.5 8.3 18.4.1 12.9 1 29.1 1.2 9.6 9.3 1.8 21.6 8.5 13.1 37.3 3.1 9.6 2 2 1.6 1.3 21.8 2.9 13.3 9.4 1.2 2.7.2 22.8 9.6 13.2 38.7 3.4 1.6 2 2 2. 1.3 21.4 2.8 1.8 8. 1.2 1.6.1 ' Less than.5 percent. 28

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation (n thousands) 1 October ndustry! Managerial and Technical, sales, and! i professional administrative : specialty support Agriculture 3,479 14 : 95 ; 45 16 142, Mining 586j 94 j 37 17 9 47! Construction ; 7,942! 1,231 138, 45! 56; 417 Manufacturing 12,844, 2,869 j 1,869 ' 593. 716, 2,132 ; Durable goods! 12,45 l 1,754 1,23; 397 ' 294 ; 1,14 Nondurable goods, 8,439, 1,115 639 i 196 422 992, Transportation and public! : utilities, 8,89 1,88 549, 343' 272. 2,332; Wholesale and retail trade! 26,21 \ 2,357 ; 562 193 1,916 2,313 \ Wholesale trade! 5,166 : 572 ' 127 42 ' 2,48 87 Retail trade 121,35; 1,785, 436 151:8,867 1,56: Finance, insurance, and! real estate 7,832 2,283. 272! 134 2,3 2,573 j Services!44,536 : 6,148! 14,113 2,323! 1,91 : 6,962 Private households ; 964 6 17: 2 1 ; Other service industries 143,572 6,142 \ 14,96 2,32 1,91: 6,952 Professional services 3,125! 3,73 12,522 1,982; 19 5,236 : Public administration i 5,75 1,284. 938 225 27 1,386, occupations ;!, _ - - i - i i -! - -! 812 812' - i - Other service 1 19 8 3 28 146 135 26 4,847 39 4,87 283 8,829 55 8,775 5,378 1,512 i Total i Executive em-! tx ecutive,;. Technj_ Adminis-, i ployed a "J " ' Profes- cians! trative ' Private!! H ' i sional ; and, Sales, support, j household. an specialty related ; including ; mana l" support clerical 1! genal i j i i Precision production, craft, and repair 56 222 4,397 3,961 2,748 1,213 1,257 1,47 339 1,131 167 1,913-1,913 419 221 14 31 91 6,56 3,659 2,848 137 394 22 192 21 797 4 793 167 33 Operators fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving 36 16 541 736 399 337 2,111 1,66 48 586 17 579 2 576 332 49 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 25 14 986 1,61 528 533 448 1,982 433 1,549 12 497 18 479 89 45 Farming forestry, and fishing 2,927-1 119 111 9 13 12 76 26 67 473 38 435 16 29 1 ncludes protective service, not shown separately. 29

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-2. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker (n thousands) L October Age and sex \.! j Wage and salary workers -._._.., Self- : i employed workers! Unpaid. family workers, Total...... Wage and salary workers Total Private industries T"! Private household workers Other private ; i industries Government Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over i 1,877 179! 75 : 1,557 " 43 : 31 i i 15 264! 12 ; 44!! 516 443 i 178. 37 i i 251 37 135 ; 9 ' 3 314 44 '' 11 6 5 4 : 8 5 4! 6 7 : 113,374 j 5,827 2,32 i 3,57! 11,613 3,184 : 31,86 21,953, 9,969 2,742 94,981 5,586 2,262 i 3,324 : 1,614 26,183 i 25,47. 16,952 7,98 2,258 ; 958 15 68 37 112 179 212 139 133 78 i 94,22 ' 5,481 2,194, 3,287!! 1,52 26,4 : 25,195 16,814 i 7,848 2,179 i 18,394 241 58 183 999 4, 5,679 5,1 1,989 484 9,23 86. 41 45 285 1,726 2,737. 2,225 1,32 644 13 8 5 3 1 16 37 21 11 9 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over! 1,428 i : i 132! 58 74 j 214 42 312 ' 185 11! 72 1,131 i 42 " 3 12 41, 136 ' 257 215 196 243 24 : 1! 5 5. 4 3 - - 3 59,676 2,99 ; 1,146 1,763. 6,126 16,257 16,327 ' 11,38 5,312 1,435 51,527 2,85 1,119 1,686 i 5,676 14,394 13,935 ' 9,11 4,42 j 1,195 ; 12 18 17 1 15 27 32 13 5 8 51,47 2,787 1,12 1,686! 5,66 14,367 ' : 13,92 9,88 j 4,415 1,187 8,149 14 27 77 451 1,864 2,393 2,27 892 24 5,561. 4 16. 24 147 998! 1,695 1,433 819 : 429 31-3 - - 3 7 5 7 3 Women, 16 years and over. 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over! 45 48 16 31 5 114 1 131 65 25 18 426! 1 1! - 3 41 113! 92 14 : i 71 - - _ 21 1 5 1 4 5 5 53,698 2,917! 1,174 1,744 : 5,487 13,926 ' 14,759. 1,646 ; 4,657 1,36 43,454 l 2,78 1,143! 1,637 4,938! 11,789! 11,472 7,852 ; 3,56 '. 1,62 838 87 51 36 97 152 18 126 127 7 ' 42,616, 2,693 i 1,92 1,61 4,841 11,638,, 11,292 7,726 ; 3,433! 993. 1,244 137 31 16 549 2,137 3,287 2,794 1,97 244 1 3,462, 46 ; 25 ; 21 138 728 1,42 792 51 215 72 2 1 1 1 13 3 16 4 6 3

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work October Hours of work All industries Thousands of persons Agriculture Nonagricultural industries A " industries Percent distribution T " " ' "' ' Nona 9 ricultural Aariculture ' i A 9 r,culture. industries Total, 16 years and over 121,577 3,345 118,232 1. 1. 1. 1 to 34 hours 1 to 4 hours 5 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 3 to 34 hours 33,184 1,164 5,15 15,836 11,34 985 71 271 462 182 32,199 1,93 4,879 15,374 1,853 27.3 1. 13. 9.1 29.4 2.1 8.1 1 27.2.9 13. 9.2 35 hours and over 35 to 39 hours 4 hours 41 hours and over 41 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 6 hours and over 88,393 8,452 4,763 39,179 14,25 14,164 1,81 2,36 155 621 1,584 292 414 879 86,33 8,297 4,142 37,594 13,913 13,75 9,931 72.7 7. 33.5 32.2 11.7 11.7 8.9 7.6 18.6 47.4 8.7 12.4 26.3 72.8 7. 3 31.8 11.8 11.6 8.4 Average hours, total at work Average hours, persons who usually work full time 39.3 43.5 4 52.6 39.2 43.3 NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sum to the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the redesigned survey. A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status (Numbers in thousands) October Reason for working less than 35 hours Total All industries T Usually work full time Usually work part time Nonagricultural industries Usually Usually Total work work full time part time Total, 16 years and over 33,184 11,72 21,482 32,199 11,467 2,732 Economic reasons Slack work or business conditions Could only find part-time work Seasonal work Job started or ended during week 4,92 2,324 1,54 91 174 1,283 1,6 5 174 2,89 1,264 1,54 41 3,923 2,221 1,457 76 171 1,26 1,2 35 171 2,717 1,22 1,457 41 Noneconomic reasons Child-care problems Other family or personal obligations Health or medical limitations n school or training Retired or Social Security limit on earnings Vacation or personal day Holiday, legal or religious Weather-related curtailment All other reasons 29,92 765 5,65 712 6,589 2,8 3,229 3,683 216 6,169 1,419 39 657 57 3,229 3,683 216 2,54 18,673 726 4,993 712 6,533 2,8 3,629 28,276 76 5,471 665 6,432 1,916 3,187 3,659 187 5,999 1,26 36 649 56 3,187 3,659 187 2,486 18,16 724 4,822 665 6,376 1,916 3,513 Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 23. 22.1 2 27.2 22.7 19.3 23.1 22.2 2 27.2 22.8 19.4 31

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status (Numbers in thousands) October Worked 1 to 34 hours Average hours ndustry and class of worker Total at work Total For. economic j reasons For noneconomic reasons Usually work full time i Worked -j 35 hours Usually! or more work part! time Total at work Persons who usually work full time Total 16 years and over. Wage and salary workers. Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods. Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate. Service industries Private households.. All other industries.. Public administration.. Self-employed workers. Unpaid family workers.. 118,232 ; 19,654 554 ' i 6,266 19,792 j 11,776 j 8,15 8,4 23,695 6,835 38,948 927! 38,21 j 5,525 j 8,476 13 j 32,199 29,288 : J 4 j 1,18 2,599 1,389! 1,21 1,459! 8,29 1,692 12,615! 553 j 12,62 j 1,674 2,841 69 3,923 3,468 2 336 423 165 258 445 1 1,26 j 9,684 ' 23 j 517! 1,418 869! 549! 151 775 1,19 -. 1,134! 85 i 958 1,48 i 3,542! 11, 55! 1,38! 3,487 j 45! 1,318 566 1 j 18,16 16,136, 15! 327 ' 758 355. 44 533, 5,876. 649 ' 7,664 j 397 7,268 312 1,83 j 5 86,33 8,366 514 5,86 17,192 1,387 6,85 6,581 15,666 5,143 26,333 374 25,959 3,851 5,634 34 39.2 39.1 49.1 41.4 42.4 i 43.! 41.6! 42.4 37.1 39.8 37.4 28.8 i 37.6 39.3 ' i 39.7 3 : 43.3 43. 5. 43.2 43.5 4 43. 4 4 42. 42.5 42.5 42.5 4.6 47.1 O 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 32

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status (Numbers in thousands) October Worked 1 to 34 hours Average hours Age, sex, race, and marital status Total at work Total For economic reasons For noneconomic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Worked 35 hours or more Total at work Persons who usually work full time TOTAL Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 118,232 5,727 2,273 3,454 112,55 11,627 1,878 87,9 13,869 32,199 4,183 2,136 2,47 28,16 4,32 23,984 18,893 5,91 3,923 34 55 249 3,619 649 2,97 2,588 382 1,26 133 17 116 1,127 736 9,392 8,13 1,261 18,16 3,746 2,64 1,682 14,27 2,648 11,622 8,175 3,448 86,33 1,544 138 1,47 84,489 7,595 76,894 68,116 8,778 39.2 2 16.9 28.8 39.9 36. 4.4 41.1 36.2 43.3 4. 37.8 4.3 43.4 41.9 43.5 4 42.7 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 63,315 2,853 1,118 1,735 6,462 6,175 54,287 46,73 7,583 12, 1,947 1,37 91 1,54 1,759 8,294 6,91 2,23 1,873 158 31 127 1,716 376 1,34 1,16 18 4,746 57 11 46 4,689 339 4,35 3,75 644 5,381 1,732 995 737 3,649 1,44 2,65 1,225 1,38 51,315 96 81 825 5,48 4,416 45,993 4,612 5,38 42.3 2 17.6 43.1 38.1 4 4 38.9 4 4.6 37.8 4.9 4 42.8 4 4 4 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 54,917 2,874 1,155 1,719 52,43 5,451 46,591 4,36 6,286 2,199 2,236 1,99 1,137 17,962 2,272 15,69 12,82 2,888 2,5 147 24 122 1,93 273 1,631 1,428 22 5,514 76 6 7 5,438 396 5,42 4,425 617 12,634 2,14 1,69 945 1,621 1,63 9,17 6,949 2,68 34,718 638 56 582 34,81 3,179 3,92 27,54 3,398 3 22.5 16.2 26.8 36.3 3 36.6 37.1 32.9 41. 39.2 O 39.3 41. 4.7 41. 41.1 4.5 Race White, 16 years and over Men Women 1,326 54,427 45,899 27,684 1,251 17,433 3,8 1,461 1,618 8,64 4,56 4,584 15,965 4,735 11,23 72,642 44,175 28,467 39.3 42.6 3 4 4 41.1 Black, 16 years and over Men Women 13,25 6,269 6,757 3,318 1,261 2,57 637 319 319 1,261 53 758 1,42 44 98 9,77 5,8 4,7 38.3 3 41.2 42.6 39.8 Marital status Men, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 39,741 7,87 16,487 5,754 1,251 4,996 781 34 788 3,149 578 1,19 1,825 368 3,188 33,987 5,836 11,492 4 42.7 37.7 4 4 43.3 Women, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 3,344 11,59 13,514 11,163 3,386 5,65 945 51 595 3,96 1,243 1,175 7,121 1,634 3,88 19,182 7,672 7,864 3 37.5 3 4.9 41.2 4.9 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 33

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status (Numbers in thousands) October Worked 1 to 34 hours Average hours Total, 16 years and over 1 Occupation and sex Total at work + Total 117,99 i 32,129 For economic reasons 3,95 For noneconomic reasons Usually work full time 1,29 Usually work part time 18,15 Worked 35 hours or more 85,861 Total at work 39.2 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 34,871 16,875 17,996 35,96 3,737 14,577 17,646 16,281 783 2,157 13,34 13,177 17,72 7,743 5,26 4,933 7,695 2,916 4,778 11,642 997 4,549 6,96 6,966 482 383 6,11 2,6 3,767 1,34 97 1,555 552 188 364 1,58 71 538 45 989 82 41 866 469 837 324 131 382 3,537 1,595 1,942 3,396 449 764 2,182 1,57 47 14 871 1,43 1,176 65 31 27 3,66 1,133 2,473 7,188 477 3,247 3,464 4,919 353 22 4,364 548 1,754 376 475 93 27,176 13,959 13,217 24,318 2,74 1,28 11,55 9,315 32 1,774 7,239 11,117 13,935 6,439 4,119 3,377 42. 4 4.1 37.1 38.9 38.6 3 3 28.3 42.8 32.9 42. 4.4 4.4 4 36.8 Men, 16 years and over 1 62,926 11,845 1,862 4,697 5,286 51,81 42.4 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 18,237 9,685 8,552 12,72 1,83 7,365 3,552 6,513 41 1,839 4,633 12,24 13,431 4,878 4,547 4,6 2,853 1,264 1,589 2,639 338 1,367 934 2,5 22 27 1,712 1,781 2,567 646 692 1,23 285 126 16 3 32 162 15 311 7 38 266 44 562 133 14 325 1,612 759 853 888 191 316 381 388 3 112 273 969 841 347 271 223 956 38 576 1,452 115 889 448 1,36 12 121 1,173 48 1,164 165 317 682 15,384 8,421 6,963 1,81 1,465 5,998 2,618 4,59 19 1,569 2,921 1,243 1,864 4,233 3,855 2,777 4 4 4 41.8 41.6 43.4 38.6 37.4 4 3 42.4 41.4 41.8 4 37.1 Women, 16 years and over 1 55,65 2,285 2,44 5,512 12,729 34,78 3 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 16,634 7,19 9,444 23,24 1,934 7,212 14,94 9,767 742 318 8,77 1,153 4,271 2,865 48 926 4,842 1,652 3,19 9,3 659 3,182 5,162 4,961 459 113 4,389 278 1,2 659 215 326 266 63 24 759 39 375 345 678 75 4 6 65 275 19 27 57 1,925 836 1,89 2,58 259 448 1,81 669 43 28 598 74 335 258 3 47 2,65 753 1,897 5,736 362 2,359 3,16 3,613 34 82 3,191 14 59 211 158 221 11,792 5,537 6,254 14,237 1,275 4,3 8,933 4,86 283 25 4,318 874 3,71 2,26 264 61 38.5 4.6 36.9 3 36.3 3 3 31.8 28.1 3 31.9 37.9 37.1 38.2 3 3 1 Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 34

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-26. persons by marital status, race, age, and sex Men Women Marital status, race, and age Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 3,745 1,259 555 1,931 3,474 1,211 495 1,768 2.9 6.6 9.8 2.8 6.1 9.1 3,41 1,318 721 1,371 3,41 1,328 717 1,366 9. White, 16 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 2,737 984 422 1,332 2,61 975 376 1,251 2.6 6.1 8.4 2.5 8. 2,44 1,88 518 798 2,426 1,9 537 8 6.9 Black, 16 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 757 166 11 49 641 13 98 414 1.5 9.3 17.1 9. 9.3 1 813 123 175 515 781 134 156 492 1.8 8.4 17.3 Total, 25 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 2,459 1,176 544 738 2,166 1,1 484 583 2.8 6.7 7.2 2.6 6.2 5.8 2,295 1,158 666 471 2,278 1,179 64 459 6.3 White, 25 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 1,84 916 411 513 1,635 879 37 386 2.5 6.1 6.3 3.1 2.3 1,673 959 477 237 1,666 967 478 221 3.5 Black, 25 years and over... Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 442 158 11 184 375 121 93 161 7.6 9.5 11.4 6.3 8.9 9.9 478 15 161 212 469 115 14 214 7.7 8. 11.7 35

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-27. persons by occupation and sex Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Occupation Total Total Men Women Total, 16 years and over 1 7,155 6,884 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial. Professional specialty 866 455 411 839 465 374 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.6 2. 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.3 2. 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.4 3. 2. Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical... 1,747 122 ; 826 799 i 1,76 12 746 857 3. 2.5 3. 3.5 2.6 3. 3. 6.3 2.5 6.3 Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective.,48 12 87,219 1,416 115 81 1,22 7.1 11.9 8.1 7.7 12.5 3.5 8.1 7.4 8.6 7.3 2.9 9. 7.9 11.5 7.8 8. 12.5 6.7 7.6 Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair. 691 173 391 127 715 164 41 141 7. 3. 3.5 7.4 3.4 7. 2.8 3.3 7.4 2.8 8.1 8. Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.,535 651 258 626 149 477 1,394 537 266 591 18 411 7.7 7.5 1.8 1 9.9 7.1 6.3 1.4 16.8 9. 7.2 1.6 1 9.5 6.6 1.3 16. 8.7 9. 9.1 3.4 11.4 11.5 8.6 8.1 6.6 1.8 9.8 Farming, forestry, and fishing 33 37 7.5 7.6 6.9 6.9 1. 1.3 No previous work experience. 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 565 344 113 17 492 j 323 1 1 ncludes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces. Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 36

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-28. persons by industry and sex Thousands of persons Unemployment rates ndustry Total Total Men Women Total, 16 years and over 7,155 6,884 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 5,554 5,399 5.8 Mining Construction 22 55 36 66 3.2 8.5 6. 9.3 8.8 9.7 O Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery and computing equipment Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment Professional and photographic equipment Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Other nondurable goods industries 1,16 571 65 33 21 31 81 7 79 86 29 57 35 71 445 84 37 79 32 18 48 48 1 952 525 54 31 16 25 39 82 99 13 5 53 24 52 428 1 13 14 18 91 37 48 16 8.2 6. 2.9 2.3 9.9 6.8 6. 2.5 6.3 3. 3. 2.7 3.3 3.1 7.4 2. 1. 2.6 2.9 8.9 3.5 3.5 3.1 2. 3.3 9.2 8. 3.5 3.1 1.2 6.3 1.7 2.8 2. 2.3 3.1 2. 9.6.7 11.5 2.7 1.6 5.8 9.4 2.5 3.3 7.7 1.9 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.9 7.2 5.8 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services Other service industries 284 174 11 1,827 246 1,581 253 1,63 69 994 267 197 71 1,616 21 1,46 235 1,686 661 1,25 7.1 7.6 3.4 3.3 8.1 2.6 6.2 6.7 3.3 3.5 8.1 3.5 7.2 3. 3. 7.1 2.1 6.1 2.6 3. 6.6 3.2 7.8 7.3 7.9 3.4 9.1 Agricultural wage and salary workers Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers No previous work experience 175 861 565 222 771 492 8.8 2.9 1.6 2.6 8. 2.9 9.5 2.5 11.1 2.8 1 Less than.5 percent. 37

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table A-29. persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race (Numbers in thousands) Reason Total, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years! White Black NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Total unemployed Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. On temporary layoff Not on temporary layoff Permanent job losers Persons who completed temporary jobs Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 7,155 3,168 637 2,531 1,82 712 811 2,611 565 6,884 3,14 719 2,384 1,686 698 799 2,49 492 3,98 1,851 343 1,58 1,65 444 39 776 81 2,762 1,727 385 1,342 925 417 336 653 45 2,829 1,125 234 891 689 22 337 1,226 14 2,864 1,155 264 891 686 24 361 1,224 125 1,228 191 6 132 66 66 84 68 344 1,258 222 7 152! 5,141 i 5,27 2,41! 2,43 497; 579 1,913 76 1,399 76 514 121 649 6121 1,721 323! 361 1,824 1,318 56 638 1,668 319 PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs On temporary layoff Not on temporary layoff Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1. 4 8.9 3 11.3 36.5 7.9 1. 4 1.5 3 11.6 36.2 7.1 1. 59.8 11.1 48.7 12.6 2 2.6 1. 62.5 1 48.6 12.2 2 1.6 1. 39.8 8.3 31.5 11.9 43.4 1. 4.3 9.2 31.1 12.6 42.7 1. 1 1.7 6.8 49.5 28. 1. 17.6 12. 8.1 48.6 2 1. 1. 46.9 47.8 9.7 11.5 37.2! 36.3 12.6 33.5 7. 12.7 33.2 6.3 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CVLAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 2.4.6 2..4 2.3.6 1.9.4 2.7.6 1.2.1 2.6.5 1..1 2..6 2.1.2 2..6 2.1.2 2.7 1.2 8.5 3. 1.4 8.3 2.2.6 1.5.3 2.1.6 1.5.3 38

A-3. persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment (Percent distribution) October HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Reason, sex, and age Total unemployed Thousands of persons Percent Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks Duration of unemployment Total 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Total, 16 years and over 6,884 1. 36.7 32.8 3.5 1 16.7 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs On temporary layoff Not on temporary layoff Permanent job losers Persons who completed temporary jobs Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,14 719 2,384 1,686 698 799 2,49 492 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 38.3 69.9 28.8 2 38.3 38.7 3 39.4 32.3 19.2 36.2 37.7 32.7 38.3 32.4 28.7 29.4 1.9 3 37.5 29. 22.9 3 31.9 12.6 7.5 1 16. 9.6 11.9 1 19.7 16.8 3.5 2.9 21.5 19.3 11. 19.1 12.3 Men, 2 years and over 2,762 1. 32.6 36.6 1 22.8 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs On temporary layoff Not on temporary layoff Permanent job losers Persons who completed temporary jobs Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1,727 385 1,342 925 417 336 653 45 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 3 66. 26.3 21.6 36.7 36. 2 31.4 2.5 3 37.9 27. 38.6 2 33.5 13.5 39.2 4.5 36.3 2 49.8 O 12.9 9.3 1 1 1.8 11.6 16.7 O 2.6 2 2 2 1 33.1 Women, 2 years and over 2,864 1. 38. 32. 29.9 1 1 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs On temporary layoff Not on temporary layoff Permanent job losers Persons who completed temporary jobs Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 1,155 264 891 686 24 361 1,224 125 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 39.7 7.3 3.6 27.5 41. 38. 35.8 4 32.6 19.6 3 36.9 3 3 31.8 18.4 27.7 1. 33. 3 2 26.3 32.4 36. 1 6.7 1 18. 1.9 1 1 1 1 3.3 16.6 17.6 13.5 11.1 18. 21.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 1,258 1. 42.9 38.8 18.3 12.5 5.8 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs On temporary layoff Not on temporary layoff Permanent job losers Persons who completed temporary jobs Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 222 7 152 76 76 12 612 323 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 5 39.8 39.9 39.7 38.6 4. 37.6 5.2 41.3 58.9 46.6 41.4 32.4 6.9 1.1 18.8 1.4 3.1 2. 27.5 2.4 3.5 6.8.2 1.4 1 2.9 6.6 12. 1.2 1.7 6.7 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. A-31. total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment Total Full-time workers Duration of unemployment Thousands of persons Percent distribution Thousands of persons Percent distribution i! i Total, 16 years and over 7,155 6,884 1. 1. 5,671 56 1. 1. Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 5 to 1 weeks 11 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over 2,274 2,179 1,537 642 2,73 1,225 1,477 574 93 2,529 2,257 1,6 657 2,99 952 1,147 474 673 31.8 3.5 21.5 9. 37.8 17.1 2.6 8. 12.6 36.7 32.8 23.2 9.5 3.5 1 16.7 6.9 9.8 1,587 1,692 1,154 539 2,391 1,73 1.319 5 818 1,74 1,78 1,221 559 1,836 813 1,23 452 571 28. 29.8 2.3 9.5 42.2 18.9 23.3 8.8 1 32.5 33.2 22.8 1.4 3 1 19.1 8.4 1.7 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks 19.3 9.6 16.2 7.9 21.3 11.2 17.8 9.1 _ 39

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-32. persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment October Sex, age, race, and marital status Total Less than 5 weeks Thousands of persons 5 to 14 weeks Total 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) duration Weeks TOTAL Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,884 1,258 1,182 1,639 1,511 766 369 16 2,529 54 469 576 512 252 11 78 2,257 489 45 559 46 25 111 27 2,99 23 37 54 538 39 157 54 952 157 142 29 241 123 67 13 1,147 73 165 295 297 185 9 41 16.2 1.3 13.3 16.6 18.5 21.7 2.9 21.3 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,474 712 595 765 711 46 189 96 1,179 279 231 233 223 125 44 44 1,138 288 27 259 219 95 56 14 1,157 145 158 273 269 185 89 38 471 88 75 94 11 62 31 11 686 56 82 179 159 124 58 28 17.8 11.6 12.5 2. 19.1 2 23.5 26.1 Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 2 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,41 546 586 874 8 361 18 63 1,35 26 238 343 289 127 57 34 1,118 2 199 3 241 11 55 13 942 85 149 231 27 124 68 16 481 69 66 115 131 62 36 2 461 16 83 116 138 62 32 14 1 8.6 1 1 18. 17.3 18.2 O Race White, 16 years and over Men Women 5,27 2,61 2,426 1,993 954 1,39 1,632 841 791 1,42 87 595 683 353 33 719 454 265 1 16.6 13.1 Black, 16 years and over Men Women 1,423 641 781 385 141 243 472 213 259 566 287 279 223 97 126 343 19 154 2.1 22.8 17.9 Marital status Men, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated... Single (never married) 1,211 495 1,768 389 154 635 381 161 596 44 181 537 172 75 223 268 15 313 19.5 19. 16.3 Women, 16 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated... Single (never married) 1,328 717 1,366 544 282 525 42 235 481 382 2 359 168 16 28 215 94 152 1 1 13.3 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,. 4

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-33. persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment October Thousands of persons Weeks Occupation and industry OCCUPATON Total Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks Total 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average ; (mean) Median duration duration L Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Service occupations Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 839 1,76 1,416 715 1,394 37 289 559 586 264 52 131 256 596 478 211 449 12 295 551 352 24 443 56 127 265 152 92 21 19 167 286 2 148 242 37 18.8 16.9 1 16.2 1 13.5 1.2 8.7 6.5 7.8 8. NDUSTRY 1 Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Public administration 222 631 964 532 432 31 1,632 239 1,935 157 93 238 32 146 174 117 576 8 732 51 87 192 296 152 144 13 597 67 635 54 42 22 348 233 114 91 459 92 568 52 26 87 155 119 36 39 25 42 26 2 16 115 193 114 79 52 254 5 38 32 11.1 1 18.3 2. 16.1 1 1 2.3 15.8 2.5 8.2 8.7 1.3 6.5 6.7 7.9 9.7 7.5 9.2 No previous work experience 492 194 141 157 97! 6 1 7.3 1 ncludes wage and salary workers only. A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex (n thousands) Total Age Sex Category 16 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Men Women i ; i Total not in the labor force Do not want a job now 1 Want a job 1 Did not search for work in previous year Searched for work in previous year 2 Not available to work now Available to work now Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 Reasons other than discouragement Family responsibilities n school or training ll health or disability Other 4 65,55 6,4 5,51 3,181 2,329 666 1,663 46 1,22 167 258 159 619 66,329 6,959 5,37 3,115 2,255 668 1,587 412 1,175 144 312 123 597 11,326 9,292 2,35 1,193 842 263 579 142 437 17 191 34 194 11,583 9,772 1,81 931 88 249 631 11 53 41 274 18 197 18,169 15,586 2,583 1,357 1,226 363 863 244 618 137 67 84 33 18,477 15,93 2,546 1,418 1,129 364 765 226 539 91 38 76 334 36,56 35,163 892 631 261 4 221 74 147 13 4 95 36,269 35,256 1,13 766 247 55 191 84 17 12 29 23,53 21,299 2,24 1,229 976 223 753 291 461 24 116 78 244 24,168 22,42 2,126 1,145 981 23 751 i i 248! 53! 251 175! 491 254 j 42.47J 42,161 38,742! 38,917 3,36 3,244 1,952! 1,969 1,353! 1,274 4431 438 91J 837 169! 7411 143j 142 81 ' 375' 164 672 119 137 74 343 1 ncludes some persons who are not asked if they want a job. 2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since the end of that job. 3 ncludes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 4 ncludes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained. 41

HOUSEHOLD DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics (Numbers in thousands) Both sexes Men Women Characteristic Number Rate 1 Number Rate 1 Number Rate 1 AGE Total, 16 years and over 2 16 to 19 years 2 years and over 2 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 7,648 239 7,49 955 6,454 5,79 664 565 99 7,97 316 7,654 87 6,847 6,162 685 563 121 6.1 6.2 7.4 6.1 2.7 6.3 6.6 6.7 3.2 4,16 11 4,6 56 3,554 3,1361 418 343 74 4,328 135 4,193 43 3,79 3,448 342 273 7 6.2 3.2 6.3 7.3 6.2 3.5 6.5 6.2 6.5 7. 3.2 3,488 139 3,35 449 2,9 2,654 246 222 24 3,641 181 3,461 44 3,57 2,714 343 291 52 6.1 6.1 7.5 6. 1.5 6.3 6. 6.3 7.1 6.2 3.2 RACE AND HSPANC ORGN White Black Hispanic origin 6,71 678 48 7,16 75 446 6.3 6.5 3,65 383 221 3,88 382 248 6.3 3.3 6.5 3,6 296 187 3,28 323 198 6.3 6.6 MARTAL STATUS Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 4,317 1,276 2,56 4,594 1,37 2,68 6.6 6.5 6.1 6.8 6.5 2,62 462 1,79 2,824 43 1,74 6.3 6.1 6.6 6.1 1,697 814 978 1,77 877 995 7.1 7. 7.6 7.1 FULL- OR PART-TME STATUS Primary job full time, secondary job part time... Primary and secondary jobs both part time Primary and secondary jobs both full time Hours vary on primary or secondary job 4,388 1,776 29 1,236 4,55 1,86 291 1,274 2,665 69 152 72 2,79 63 227 769 1,722 1,167 57 516 1,796 1,257 64 54 1 Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified group. 2 ncludes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age (Numbers in thousands) Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Veteran status and age Total Employed Number Percent of labor force VETNAM-ERA VETERANS Total, 4 years and over 4 to 54 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,439 6,497 1,677 3,257 1,563 942 7,628 6,515 1,381 3,222 1,912 1,113 6,51 5,935 1,546 2,994 1,396 565 6,556 5,93 1,257 2,939 1,77 653 6,31 5,765 1,496 2,91 1,36 545 6,374 5,732 1,212 2,862 1,659 642 19 17 5 83 37 2 183 171 45 78 48 12 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 1.8 NONVETERANS Total, 4 to 54 years 4 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 5 to 54 years 16,546 7,743 4,824 3,979 17,649 8,278 5,37 4,1 15,6 7,226 4,381 3,399 15,882 7,646 4,821 3,416 14,477 6,989 4,227 3,262 15,353 7,386 4,682 3,284 528 237 154 138 529 26 139 131 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 2.9 NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. 42

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HSTORCAL EMPLOYMENT B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1945 to date (n thousands) Total Total private Goods-producing Total Mining Construction Manufacturing Service-producing Total Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government Federal Annual averages 4,374 41,652 43,857 44,866 43,754 45,197 47,819 48,793 5,22 48,99 5,641 52,369 52,855 51,322 53,27 54,189 53,999 55,549 56,653 58,283 6,763 63,91 65,83 67,897 7,384 7,88 71,211 73,675 76,79 78,265 76,945 79,382 82,471 86,697 89,823 9,46 91,152 89,544 9,152 94,48 97,387 99,344 11,958 15,21 17,895 19,419 18,256 18,64 11,73 114,34 34,431 36,56 38,382 39,216 37,897 39,17 41,43 42,185 43,556 42,238 43,727 45,91 45,239 43,483 45,186 45,836 45,44 46,66 47,429 48,686 5,689 53,116 54,413 56,58 58,189 58,325 58,331 6,341 63,58 64,95 62,259 64,511 67,344 71,26 73,876 74,166 75,121 73,77 74,282 78,384 8,992 82,651 84,948 87,824 9,117 91,115 89,854 89,959 91,889 94,917 17,57 17,248 18,59 18,774 17,565 18,56 19,959 2,198 21,74 19,751 2,513 21,14 2,967 19,513 2,411 2,434 19,857 2,451 2,64 21,5 21,926 23,158 23,38 23,737 24,361 23,578 22,935 23,668 24,893 24,794 22,6 23,352 24,346 25,585 26,461 25,658 25,497 23,812 23,33 24,718 24,842 24,533 24,674 25,125 25,254 24,95 23,745 23,231 23,352 23,913 836 862 955 994 93 91 929 898 866 791 792 822 828 751 732 712 672 65 635 634 632 627 613 66 619 623 69 628 642 697 752 779 813 851 958 1,27 1,139 1,128 952 966 927 777 717 713 692 79 689 635 61 6 1,147 1,683 2,9 2,198 2,194 2,364 2,637 2,668 2,659 2,646 2,839 3,39 2,962 2,817 3,4 2,926 2,859 2,948 3,1 3,97 3,232 3,317 3,248 3,35 3,575 3,588 3,74 3,889 4,97 4,2 3,525 3,576 3,851 4,229 4,463 4,346 4,188 3,94 3,946 4,38 4,668 4,81 4,958 5,98 5,171 5,12 4,65 4,492 4,668 5,1 15,524 14,73 15,545 15,582 14,441 15,241 16,393 16,632 17,549 16,314 16,882 17,243 17,176 15,945 16,675 16,796 16,326 16,853 16,995 17,274 18,62 19,214 19,447 19,781 2,167 19,367 18,623 19,151 2,154 2,77 18,323 18,997 19,682 2,55 21,4 2,285 2,17 18,78 18,432 19,372 19,248 18,947 18,999 19,314 19,391 19,76 18,46 18,14 18,75 18,33 22,869 24,44 25,348 26,92 26,189 26,691 27,86 28,595 29,128 29,239 3,128 31,264 31,889 31,811 32,857 33,755 34,142 35,98 36,13 37,278 38,839 4,743 42,495 44,158 46,23 47,32 48,276 5,7 51,897 53,471 54,345 56,3 58,125 61,113 63,363 64,748 65,655 65,732 66,821 69,69 72,544 74,811 77,284 8,86 82,642 84,514 84,511 85,373 87,378 9,121 3,96 4,61 4,166 4,189 4,1 4,34 4,226 4,248 4,29 4,84 4,141 4,244 4,241 3,976 4,11 4,4 3,93 3,96 3,93 3,951 4,36 4,158 4,268 4,318 4,442 4,515 4,476 4,541 4,656 4,725 4,542 4,582 4,713 4,923 5,136 5,146 5,165 5,81 4,952 56 5,233 5,247 5,362 5,514 5,625 5,793 5,762 5,721 5,829 6,6 1,955 2,298 2,478 2,612 2,61 2,643 2,735 2,821 2,862 2,875 2,934 3,27 3,37 2,989 3,92 3,153 3,142 3,27 3,258 3,347 3,477 3,68 3,7 3,791 3,919 4,6 4,14 4,127 4,291 4,447 4,43 4,562 4,723 4,985 5,221 5,292 5,375 5,295 5,283 5,568 5,727 5,761 5,848 6,3 6,187 6,173 6,81 5,997 5,981 6,14 5,359 6,77 6,477 6,659 6,654 6,743 7,7 7,184 7,385 7,36 7,61 7,831 7,848 7,761 8,35 8,238 8,195 8,359 8,52 8,812 9,239 9,637 9,96 1,38 1,785 11,34 11,338 11,822 12,315 12,539 12,63 13,193 13,792 14,556 14,972 15,18 15,171 15,158 15,587 16,512 17,315 17,88 18,422 19,23 19,475 19,61 19,284 19,356 19,773 2,437 1,481 1,675 1,728 1,8 1,828 1,888 1,956 2,35 2,111 2,2 2,298 2,389 2,438 2,481 2,549 2,628 2,688 2,754 2,83 2,911 2,977 3,58 3,185 3,337 3,512 3,645 3,772 3,98 4,46 4,148 4,165 4,271 4,467 4,724 4,975 5,16 5,298 5,34 5,466 5,684 5,948 6,273 6,533 6,63 6,668 6,79 6,646 6,62 6,757 6,933 4,222 4,697 5,25 5,181 5,239 5,356 5,547 5,699 5,835 5,969 6,24 6,497 6,78 6,765 7,87 7,378 7,619 7,982 8,277 8,66 9,36 9,498 1,45 1,567 11,169 11,548 11,797 12,276 12,857 13,441 13,892 14,551 15,32 16,252 17,112 17,89 18,615 19,21 19,664 2,746 21,927 22,957 24,11 25,54 26,97 27,934 28,336 29,52 3,197 31,488 2,88 2,254 1,892 1,863 1,98 1,928 2,32 2,42 2,35 2,188 2,187 2,29 2,217 2,191 2,233 2,27 2,279 2,34 2,358 2,348 2,378 2,564 2,719 2,737 2,758 2,731 2,696 2,684 2,663 2,724 2,748 2,733 2,727 2,753 2,773 2,866 2,772 2,739 2,774 2,87 2,875 2,899 2,943 2,971 2,988 3,85 2,966 2,969 2,915 2,87 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 14,935 15,427 124 15,81 16,123 16,32 16,31 16,248 16,547 16,575 16,838 16,888 17,4 95,74 96,152 96,45 96,588 96,882 97,54 97,49 97,5 97,264 97,293 97,492 97,585 97,76 24,81 24,175 24,23 24,293 24,324 24,37 24,331 24,228 24,24 24,156 24,165 24,15 24,154 595 592 592 59 588 589 583 582 582 577 575 573 57 5,88 5,144 5,166 5,21 5,213 5,256 5,242 5,19 5,23 5,226 5,233 5,258 5,286 18,398 18,439 18,472 18,52 18,523 18,525 18,56 18,456 18,428 18,353 18,357 18,319 18,298 9,854 91,252 91,394 91,517 91,799 91,932 91,979 92,2 92,37 92,419 92,673 92,738 92,85 6,61 6,92 6,121 6,129 6,156 6,175 6,184 6,177 6,192 6,195 6,217 6,2 6,222 6,195 6,21 6,229 6,251 6,275 6,287 6,3 6,298 6,32 6,333 6,34 6,344 6,356 2,58 2,73 2,759 2,76 2,794 2,76 2,762 2,747 2,798 2,851 2,837 2,882 2,89 6,935 6,937 6,931 6,927 6,929 6,938 6,924 6,925 6,93 6,938 6,947 6,956 6,974 31,888 32,35 32,135 32,228 32,44 32,524 32,548 32,63 32,784 32,82 32,986 33,53 33,11 2,858 2,854 2,853 2,838 2,831 2,828 2,826 2,831 2,838 2,834 2,825 2,817 2,86 4,589 4,596 4,598 4,599 4,61 4,613 4,68 4,62 4,612 4,6 4,64 4,594 4,59 1 Not available. 2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an increase of 212, (.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark month. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April ) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1991) are subject to revision. 44 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HSTORCAL HOURS AND EARNNGS B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date Year and month Weekly hours Total private 1 Weekly earnings Weekly hours Construction Hourly! earnings Weekly earnings Annual averages 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 38.7 38.8 38.6 38. 37.8 37.7 $2.36 2.46 2.56 2.68 2.85 3.4 $91.33 95 98.82 11.84 17.73 111 41.9 42.3 42.7 42.6 42.6 43. $2.81 2.92 3.5 3.19 3.35 $117.74 123.52 13.24 135.89 142.71 15 37.2 37.4 37.6 37.7 37.3 37.9 $3.55 9 1 1 9 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977. 1978, 1979, 37.1 36.9 37. 36.9 36.5 36.1 36.1 36. 35.8 3 3.23! 3.45 ; 4! 4 3 6! 5 9 j 6.16 119.83 127.31 136.9 149 156 163.53 175 189. 2 219.91 42.7 42.4 42.6 42.4 41.9 41.9 42.4 43.4 43.4 43. 5 6 4 5 3 5 6 6.94 7.67 8.49 16 172.14 189.14 21.4 219.14 249.31 27 31.2 332.88 367 37.3 37.2 36.5 36.8 36.6 3 36.8 36.5 36.8 37. 4 9 6.6 1 6.81 7.31 7.71 8.1 8.66 9.27 198. 1981. 1982. 1983. 1984. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3! 6.66 i 7.25 i 7.68 8.2 8.32 8.57 8.76 8.98 9.28 9.66 23 25 267.26 28.7 292.86 299.9 35 312.5 322.2 334 43.3 4 42.7 42.5 43.3 43.4 42.2 42.4 42.3 43. 9.17 1.4 1.77 11.28 11.63 11.98 12.46 12.54 12.8 13.26 397.6 438.75 459.88 479.4 53.58 519.93 525.81 531.7 541.44 57.18 37. 36.9 36.7 37.1 37.8 37.7 37.4 37.8 37.9 37.9 9.94 1.82 11.63 11.94 12.13 12.32 12.48 12.71 1 13.54 199. 1991. 1992. 1993.. 3 3 3 3 3 1.1 1.32 1.57 1.83 11.13 345 358 361 374 386.21 4 4 4 4 4 18 19 14 1 19 63.29 63.4 638.31 646.78 668 38.2 38.1 38. 38.5 38.9 17 1 15 18 12 : October j 3 November i 3 December i 3 : ; January j 3 February j 3 March ; 3 April 3 May! 3 June 3 July 3 August! 3 September"! 3 October" j 3 $11.28 11.27 11.28 11.36 11.36 11.36 11.41 11.38 11.36 11.41 11.39 11.56 11.62 T" $39 389.94 392.54 39.78 388.51 389.65 391.36 39.33 393.6 398.21 396.37 399.98 48 Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 $11! $673 17 679.64 19! 68.56 15 16 14 11 11 15 15 11 14 19 683.2 677.54 67.56 678.23 67 683 68 686 697.97 7.25 39.6 38.5 38.7 37.7 36.9 38.1 37.6 38.4 39.5 4. 39.7 39.9 4. $15 17 13 17 12 14 18 16 19 19 15 19 18 See footnotes at end of table. 45

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HSTORCAL HOURS AND EARNNGS B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date Continued Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Year and month Weekly hours Hourly earnings Hourly earnings, excluding overtime Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Annual averages 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 4.7 41.2 41.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 $2.53 2.61 2.71 2.82 3.1 3.19 $2.43 2.5 2.59 2.71 2.88 3.5 $12.97 17.53 112.19 119 122.51 129.51 41.1 41.3 41.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 $2.89 3.3 3.11 3.23 3.42 3 $118.78 124 128.13 12 138.85 147.74 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.1 $2.52 2.6 2.73 2.87 3.4 3.23 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 39.8 39.9 4.5 4.7 4. 39.5 4.1 4.3 4.4 3.35 3.57 2 9 2 3 2 8 6.17 6.7 3.23 3.45 6 1 5 7 2 4 1 3 133.33 142.44 151 166 176.8 19.79 29.32 228.9 249.27 269.34 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.5 39.7 39.8 39.9 4. 39.9 5 1 5 2 1 5.88 5 6.99 7.57 8.16 153 168.82 187.86 23.31 217.48 233.44 256.71 278.9 32.8 328 39.9 39.4 39.4 39.2 38.8 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.8 3.43 4 5 7 8 2 2 9 5.88 6.39 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 39.7 39.8 38.9 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.7 41. 41.1 41. 7.27 7.99 8.49 8.83 9.19 9.54 9.73 9.91 1.19 1.48 7.2 7.72 8.25 8.52 8.82 9.16 9.34 9.48 9.73 1.2 288.62 318. 33.26 358 373 386.37 396.1 46.31 418.81 429.68 39.6 39.4 39. 39. 39.4 39.5 39.2 39.2 38.8 38.9 8.87 9.7 1.32 1.79 11.12 11.4 11.7 12.3 12.26 12.6 351.25 382.18 42.48 42.81 438.13 4 458.64 471.58 479 49.14 38.4 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.1 38.1 38. 6.95 7.55 8.8 8.54 8.88 9.15 9.34 9.59 9.98 1.39 199 1991 1992 1993 4.8 4.7 41. 41.4 42. 1.83 11.18 11.46 11.74 12.6 1.37 1.71 1.95 11.18 11.42 441.86 453 469.86 48 56.52 38.9 38.7 38.9 39.6 39.9 12.97 13.22 13.45 12 16 53 511.61 523.21 539.35 553.1 38.1 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.4 1.79 11.15 11.39 11.74 12.5 Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted : October November. December. : January February... March April May June July August September 41 October"... 42.3 42.5 42.9 42. 41.7 41.7 4.4 41.4 41.6 4.8 41.5 42. 41.7 $12.1 12.17 12.26 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.29 12.28 12.31 12.38 12.34 12.45 12.42 $11.43 11.5 11.57 11.6 11.62 11.63 11.77 11.69 11.7 11.79 11.7 11.77 11.77 $511.83 517.23 525 516 51.41 51.83 496.52 58.39 512.1 5 512.11 522.9 517.91 39.8 39.6 39.4 39.3 39.1 39.6 39.2 39.6 4.1 39.9 39.9 39.9 $11 17 14 18 14 16 14 17 11 14 14 14 18 $563.2 559.99 558 555 551.77 549.75 559.94 551.54 558.76 571.2 568.18 572.17 577.75 38.7 38.4 38.5 38.2 38.1 38. 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.6 $12.2 12.15 12.21 12.3 12.28 12.25 12.45 12.32 12.31 12.42 12.37 12.48 12.54 See footnotes at end of table. 46

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HSTORCAL HOURS AND EARNNGS B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date Continued Year and month Weekly hours Retail trade Hourly Weekly earnings earnings Weekly hours Finance, insurance, and real estate Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Services Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Annual averages 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 37. 36.6 3 3 3 3 $1.75 1.82 1.91 2.1 2.16 2.3 $65 66.61 68.57 7.95 75 78.66 37.3 37.2 37.3 37.1 37. 37.1 $2.3 2.39 2.47 2.58 2.75 2.93 $89 88.91 92.13 92 11.75 18.7 36.1 3 3 3 3 3 $1.94 2.5 2.17 2.29 2.42 2.61 197 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 3 3 33.4 33.1 32.7 32.4 32.1 31.6 31. 3.6 2.44 2.6 2.75 2.91 3.14 3.36 3.57 5 3 82.47 87.62 91.85 96.32 12.68 18.86 11 121.66 13.2 138.62 36.7 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.5 36.5 3 3 3 36.2 3.22 3.36 3.53 7 6 7 4 9 7 112.67 117.85 122.98 129.2 137.61 148.19 153 166 178. 19.77 3 3 3 3 3 33.5 33.3 33. 32.8 32.7 2.81 3.4 3.27 3.47 5 2 1 5 9 6 198 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 3.2 3.1 29.9 29.8 29.8 29.4 29.2 29.2 29.1 28.9 8 5 8 4 5.85 4 6.3 6.12 6.31 6.53 147.38 158.3 165 171.5 173 174 176.8 178.7 182 188.72 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.5 3 3 36.3 3 35.8 9 6.31 6.78 7.29 7.63 7.94 8.36 8.73 9.6 9.53 29.6 229.5 244 26 278.5 289.2 3 316.9 325 341.17 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 5.85 1 6.92 7.31 7.59 7.9 8.18 8.49 8.88 9.38 199 1991 1992 1993 28.8 28.6 28.8 28.8 28.9 6.75 6.94 7.12 7.29 7.49 19 198.48 26 29.95 216 35.8 3 35.8 35.8 35.8 9.97 1.39 1.82 11.35 11.83 356.93 37.92 387.36 46.33 423.51 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5 9.83 1.23 1.54 1.78 11.5 Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted : October November. December. : January February... March April May June July August September* October"... 29.1 28.7 29.3 28.2 28.1 28.3 28.9 28.7 29.1 29.7 29.5 28.9 28.9 $7.57 7.57 7.59 7.64 7.63 7.63 7.65 7.65 7.65 7.67 7.66 7.77 7.81 $22.29 217.26 222.39 215 21 213 221.9 219.56 222.62 227.8 227 225 221 36.2 3 3 36.3 3 3 36.3 3 3 36.3 3 3 36.5 $12.2 11.98 12.5 12.17 12.19 12.21 12.32 12.24 12.19 12.32 12.28 12.38 12.49 $432 429 43.19 441.77 438 433.46 447.22 433.3 436 447.22 438.4 441.97 455.89 32.7 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.2 32.5 32.1 32.5 32.8 32.7 32.3 32.6 $11.2 11.22 11.29 11.39 11.38 11.36 11.4 11.34 11.25 11.28 11.24 11.47 11.55 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April forward are subject to revision. 47

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) ndustry Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May j June July i Total 114,935) 115,4271 115,6241 115,81 116,123 116,32 116,31 116,248 116,547 116,575 116,838 116,888 Total private 95,74 96,152 96,45 96,588 96,882 97,54 97,49 97,5 97,264 97,293 97,492 97,5851 Goods-producing 24,81 24,175 24,23 24,293 24,324 24,37 24,331 24,228 24,24 24,156 24,165 24,151 Mining 1 Metal mining Oil and gas extraction Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 595 49 331 14 592 j 49 328 14 592! 5 3261 14J 59 5 325 15 588 51 323 15 589 51 323 16 583 51 319 15 582 51 32 14 582 52 32 14 577 52 315 14 575 52 313 14 5731 51 3121 15 Construction General building contractors Heavy construction, except building Special trade contractors 5,88 1,222 734 3,132 5,144l 1,2341 74 3,17 5,166 1,2411 739 3,186 5,21 1,25 742 3,29 5,213 1,25 74 3,223 5,256 1,258 747 3,251 5,242 1,255 743 3,244 5,19 1,237 73 3,223 5,23 1,241 737 3,252 5,226 1,235 741 3,25 5,233 1,231 744 3,258 5,258 1,229 75 3,279j Manufacturing 18,398 18,439 J 18,4721 18,52 18,523 18,525 18,56 18,456 18,428 18,353 18,357 18,319 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment... Computer and office equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Electronic components and accessories Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Aircraft and parts nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 1,513 761 551 5371 78 239 1,45 1,999 345 1,589 554 1,761 9211 467 8541 394 1,55 766 57 539 712 24 1,412 2,6 344 1,595 j 556] 1,764 9241 465 854 395 1,574 766 57 j 54 715 24 1,421 2,1 342 1,63 56 1,764 926 462 853 395 1,596 767 58 542 716 239 1,428 2,17 341 1,68 563 1,764 932 459 85 396 1,622 766 59 545 718 24 1,435 2,25 34 1,613 565 1,766 934 457 849 396 1,633 767 59 547 718 24 1,439 2,29 336 1,614 569 1,767 937 455 847 396 1,632 761 56 546 719 24 1,442 2,36 337 1,616 571 1,766 938 455 846 394 1,611 757 51 542 718 1,597 753 497 543 716! 2411 241 1,4391 1,432 2,34 2,41 336 338 1,62 574 1,761 936 452 846 393 1,622 578 1,753 933 449 846 394 1,569 75 492 539 712 239 1,432 2,45 337 1,622 583 1,742 934 442 846 389 1,587 751 496 539 71 239 1,433 2,48 339 1,624 586 1,751 942 44 843 392 1,573! 7521 495 j 538 71 2381 1,4281 2,47 341 1,631 591 1,739 933 439 8421 391 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products... Leather and leather products 7,885 1,677 41 674 97 692 1,55 1,55 149 965 112 7,8891 1,683 41 674 963 692 1,551 1,54 149 97 112 7,898 1,684 41 673 96 692 1,556 1,54 15 975 113 7,96; 1,69 4 672 957 693 1,557 1,55 147 982 113 7,91 1,689 4 671 951 692 1,561 1,54 148 983 112 7,892 1,69 39 67 946 691 1,561 1,53 148 982 112 7,874 1,687 4 669 94 692 1,557 1,51 146 981 111 7,845 1,687 39 664 931 69 1,555 1,48 145 976 11 7,831 1,695 4 66 921 689 1,561 1,45 144 968 18 7,784 1,682 4 651 913 688 1,557 1,43 143 962 15 7,77 1,677 4 65 97 688 1,554 1,41 142 965 16 7,746! 1,68 39 644 8951 684 i 1,552 1,39 141 9661 16 Service-producing 9,854 91,252 91,394 91,517 91,799 91,932 91,979 92,2 92,37 92,419 92,673 92,738 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Railroad transportation Local and interurban passenger transit Trucking and warehousing Water transportation Transportation by air Pipelines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications and public utilities Communications Electric, gas, and sanitary services... 6,61 3,821 24 417 1,828 167 748 18 43 2,24 1,32 92 6,92 3,846 242 421 1,843 165 75 18 47 2,246 1,325 921 6,121 3,87 241 425 1,857 164 754 18 411 2,251 1,331 92 6,129 3,886 241 428 1,864 166 754 17 416 2,243 1,327 916 6,156 3,9 242 431 1,871 165 756 17 418 2,256 1,343 913 6,175 3,914 242 433 1,877 164 76 17 421 2,261 1,351 91 6,184 3,919 242 437 1,879 164 759 17 421 2,265 1,355 91 6,177 3,91 24 439 1,872 161 758 17 423 2,267 1,359 98 6,192 3,92 238 443 1,878 158 762 17 424 2,272 1,366 96 6,195 3,925 236 458 1,873 157 761 16 424 2,27 1,367 93 6,217 3,95 238 464 1,882 159 764 16 427 2,267 1,365 92 6,2 j 3,935 236 457 1,87 156 771 16 431 2,265 1,364 91 j Wholesale trade Durable goods Nondurable goods 6,195 3,574 2,621 6,21 3,587 2,623 6,229 3,599 2,63 6,251 3,615 2,636 6,275 3,631 2,644 6,287 3,643 2,644 6,3 3,65 2,65 6,298 3,653 2,645 6,32 3,667 2,653 6,333 3,674 2,659 6,34 3,679 2,661 6,3441 3,6851 2,659 See footnotes at end of table. 48

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) ndustry Retail trade Building materials and garden supplies! General merchandise stores j Department stores! Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations New and used car dealers Apparel and accessory stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail establishments... j ; Nov. -f- 2,58 2,73 84! 844 2,563! 2,598 2,232! 2,268 3,298 j 3,38 2,154! 2,165 979! 984 1,136! 1,13 915 926 7,86 7,134 2,588 2,598 Dec. 2,759 846 2,585 2,256 3,32 2,173 989 1,126 927 7,182 2,6 Jan. 2,76 8511 2,562] 2,236! 3,325; 2,182; 993! 1,122; 933 7,188 2,597! Feb. 2,794 851 2,545 2,223 3,328 2,191 996 1,118 936 7,221 2,64 Mar. Apr. 2,761 2,762 849i 852 2,53! 2,539 2.27J 2,218 3,332 3,345 2,22 998 1,11 943 7,191 2,63 2,25 1, 1,13 945 7,17 2,63 May 2,747 849 2,532 2,213 3,343 2,25 1, 1,95 944 7,169 2,61 June 2,798 849 2,532 2,215 3,353 2,26 998 1,97 946 7,29 2,66 July 2,851 847 2,534 2,218 3,357 2,26 998 1,92 947 7,258 2,61 ; p i p 2.837J 2,882! 2,89 85j 852! 855 2,53j 2,5411 2,558 2,215; 2,226! 2,247 3,371! 3,368; 3,374 2,214! 1,2! 1,92! 953; 7,222: 2,65! 2,222; 1,5! 1,77! 958 j 7,239! 2,625! 2,233 1,9 1,78 96 7,221 2,611 Finance, insurance, and real estate Finance Depository institutions Commercial banks Savings institutions Nondepository institutions Security and commodity brokers Holding and other investment offices. nsurance nsurance carriers nsurance agents, brokers, and service Real estate 6,935 6,937 3,32! 3,319 2,72 2,71 1,496 ; 1,498 3! 296 49! 485 525! 528 233 235 2,236! 2,236 1,544 i 1,542 692 694 1,379 : 1,382 6,931 3,317 2,7 1,498 295 481 53 236 2,232 1,537 695 1,382 6,9271 3,312! 2,67 1,497; 293i 478! 531 237' 2,233; 1,535! 698; 1,382; 6,929 3,312 2,66 1,497 291 475 532 239 2,233 1,534 699 1,384 6,938 3,313 2,66 1,499 289 475 532 24 2,238 1,536 72 1,387; 6,924 3,35 2,63 1,494 288 473 528 241! 2,2391 1,536) 73 1,38 6,925 3,37 2,6 1,492 285 476 528 243 2,237 1,534 73 1,381 6,93 3,34 2,54 1,488 284 48 528 242 2,24 1,534 76 1,386 6,938 3,37 2,52 1,49 282 484 526 245 2,242 1,538 74 1,389 6,947 3.31J 2,481 1,487 28 49 529 243 2,246 1,54 761 1,3911 6,956; 3,314; 2,48; 1,487! 279! 49! 531! 245! 2,249i 1,543; 761 1,393! 6,974 3,323 2,47 1,489 277 497 531 248 2,251 1,543 78 1,4 Services 1 Agricultural services Hotels and other lodging places Personal services Business services Services to buildings Personnel supply services Help supply services Computer and data processing services Auto repair, services, and parking Miscellaneous repair services Motion pictures Amusement and recreation services Health services Offices and clinics of medical doctors Nursing and personal care facilities... Hospitals Home health care facilities Legal services Educational services Social services Child day care services Residential care Museums and botanical and zoological gardens Membership organizations Engineering and management services Engineering and architectural services Management and public relations 31,888 j 32,35 578! 584 1,612 j 1,65 1,14 i 1,14 6,392! 6,457 861 j 869 2,337! 2,373 2,77 2,17 974 i 984 989 i 995 335 i 337 55! 519 1,364 ; 1,371 9,74 ; 9,96 1,553! 1,557 1,661 1,663 3,781! 3,785 575 j 579 928! 93 1,843 i 1,851 2,216 2,226 51 i 512 613 617 79 8 2,66 2,66 2,595 j 2,66 785! 787 731 737 32,135 588 1,612 1,138 6,487 87 2,386 2,118 991 1, 338 529 1,375 9,121 1,562 1,667 3,79 588 93 1,854 2,233 512 62 8 2,62 2,616 79 742 32,228; 575: 1,614: 1,148; 6,513! 868! 2,48! 2,138; 994 i 1,6: 34; 545 1,381 9,141; 1,563; 1,672: 3,792; 5911 931: 1,843; 2,244! 514 623! 8 i 2,62 i 2,634] 793! 752 32,44 58 1,614 1,16 6,555 87 2,427 2,152 1,6 1,1 342 566 1,398 9,168 1,57 1,676 3,796! 596 i 932 1,864! 2,254 517; 626! 81 j 2,6 j 2,648 795 762 32,524; 584J 1,616 1,158 6,57 871 2,399 2,138; 1,17! 1.14J 344; 577 1,434 9,197 1,576 1,679 3,82 599 933 1,863 2,264 519 629 81 2,59 2,658 795 773 32,548 589 1,611 1,152 6,538 866 2,368 2,97 1,26! 1,16 342 58 1,462 9,211 1,578 1,682 3,81 597 932 1,866 2,265 519 631 81 2,57 2,674 799 785 32,63 577 1,615 1,146 6,567 866 2,371 2,96 1,39 1,16 341 596 1,471 9,223 1,58 1,683 3,81 6] 93! 1,875) 2,275 522 634 j 811 2,6 2,685 799 79 32,784 582 1,628 1,145 6,589 867 2,375 2,98 1,45 1,22 34 598 1,511 9,253! 1.585J 1,689! 3,811 66 9291 1,8871 2,274' 524 636 82 2,62 2,71 81 89 32,82 586 1,635 1,144 6,6 87 2,373 2,95 1,51 1,25 341 63 1,522 9,267 1,586 1,693 3,811 61 928 1,887 2,246 525 636 32,986! 33,53; 33,11 588 587 594 1,634! 1,632 1,142 1,133 6,681 i 6,749 1,624 1,138 6,748 8841 2,46! 2,129; 886 2,456 2,174 885 2,44 2,166 1,63 j 1,31! 342! 592; 1,5251 9,298 1,591 1,697 3,822 619 93 1,96 2,269 536 637 831 83 2,65 i 2,72 2,716 2,722 83 j 84 812 814 1,72 1,27 343 63 1,55 9,322 1,598 1,74 3,827 619 932 1,889 2,293 527 639 81 2,59 2,727 86; 821 1,81 1,4 342 594 1,496 9,349 1,6 1,76 3,836 62 93 1,94 2,296 525 64 81 2,56 2,746 812 825 Government 19,195! 19,275 Federal Federal, except Postal Service. State 2,858! 2,31 4,589 2,854 2,22 4,596 Education 1,888! 1,892 Other State government 2,71 2,74 Local 11,748 i 11,825 Education 6,544 6,549 Other local government j 5,24! 5,276 1 19,219 2,853 2,14 4,598 1,891 2,77 11,768 6,557 5,211 19,222i 2,838! 2.4J 4,599! 1,889 2,71; 11,785] 6,577! 5,28' ncludes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from 19,241 19,248 19,261 19,243 19,283 19,282 19,346 19,33 19,298 2,831 2,828 2,826 2,831 2,8381 2,834 2,825! 2,817 2,86 1,997 1,992 1,987 1,995 1,993 1,99 1,9821 1,972 1,961 4,61i 1,91' 2,79 4,613 1,94 2,79 4,68 1,95 2,73 4,62 1,96 2,6961 4,612 1,919 2,693 4,6 1,923 2,677 4,64 1,923 2,681 4,594 1,913 2,681 4,59 1,98 2,682 11,8 11,87 11,827 11,811 11,833 11,848 11,917 11,892 11,92 6,591 6,599 6,614 6,66! 6,69 6,647 J 6,76 6,669 6,653 5,29 5,28 5,213 5,24' 5,224 5,211 5,211 5,223 5,249 -L. March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1991 forward are subject to revision. 49

ESTABLSHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) ndustry Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug Total 55,271 55,39 55,459 55,687 55,762 55,89 55,956 56,14 56,48 56,112 56,256 56,287 Total private 44,853 44,945 45,9 45,182 45,277 45,322? 45,442 J 45,495! 45,513 45,579 45,699 45,71 Goods-producing 6,647 6,65 6,665 6,676 6,684 6,694 6,698 6,694 6,682 6,664 6,651 6,611 Mining 86 85 85 84 83 83 83 82 82 81 82 8 Construction 555 56 562 568 568 575 58 J 5841 583 582 587 589 Manufacturing 6,6 6,5 6,18 6,24 6,33 6,36 6,35 6,281 6,17 6,1 5,982 5,942 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 2,773 126 155 14 98 38 435 665 355 351 176 2,776 126 156 14 99 38 436 666 355 35 176 2,785 127 157 15 99 311 435 668 357 349 177 2,793 128 158 14 1 312 436 67 358 349 178 2,82 128 158 14 11 314 436 675 36 349 177 2,83 129 158 15 11 315 436 675 358 348 178 2,86 128 158 151 11 316 437 677 358 348 178 2,86 129 159 151 11 317 436 677 358 346 178 2,87 128 158 16 12 317 437 677 359 346 177 2,81 128 156 16 12 317 437 677 357 345 176 2,798 127 154 16 12 315 436 678 356 346 178 2,784 127 153 14 11 314 435 678 351 347 174 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 3,233 548 13 319 742 167 693 335 25 328 63 3,229 547 13 318 741 166 692 334 25 33 63 3,233 547 13 318 739 167 695 334 25 332 63 3,231 55 13 319 733 167 695 334 25 332 63 3,231 55 13 318 731 166 697 334 25 334 63 3,233 554 13 317 727 167 697 335 25 336 62 3,229 554 13 316 722 166 7 336 25 335 62 3,222 554 12 315 717 166 71 335 25 335 62 3,21 553 12 314 712 166 699 335 24 334 61 3,2 552 12 312 76 165 7 334 25 333 61 3,184 557 12 39 697 164 71 331 25 328 6 3,158 55 11 36 688 164 699 33 25 327 58 Service-producing 48,624 48,74 48,794 49,11 49,78 49,115 49,258 49,32 49,366 49,448 49,65 49,676 Transportation and public utilities 1,778 1,78 1,786 1,796 1,89 1,89 1,819 1,825 1,833 1,832 1,835 1,838 Wholesale trade 1,89 1,897 1,9 1,95 1,911 1,917 1,923 1,923 1,928 1,927 1,938 1,941 Retail trade 1,826 1,858 1,854 1,918 1,939 1,956 1,95 1,929 1,899 1,98 1,945 1,966 Finance, insurance, and real estate 4,386 4,38 4,375 4,372 4,373 4,369 4,364 4,371 4,368 4,372 4,378 4,382 Services 19,326 19,38 19,429 19,515 19,561 19,577 19,688 19,753 19,83 19,876 19,952 19,963 Government Federal State Local 1,418 1,194 2,292 6,932 1,445 1,195 2,296 6,954 1,45 1,194 2,3 6,956 1,55 1,192 2,34 7,9 1,485 1,199 2,34 6,982 1,487 1,187 2,35 6,995 1,514 1,186 2,313 7,15 1,519 1,186 2,315 7,18 1,535 1,186 2,318 7,31 1,533 1,188 2,317 7,28 1,557 1,191 2,325 7,41 1,586 1,188 2,32 7,78 NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1991 forward are subject to revision. 5

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) ndustry Nov. Dec. Jan. i Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July i j p Total private. 78,185 78,554 78,769 78,914; 79,164 79,351 79,37 79,322 79,514 79,541 79,74; 79,797 j 79,948 Goods-producing 17,66 17,168 17,211 17,273 17,32 17,341 17,311 17,26 17,211 17,135 17.146J 17,1371 17,149 Mining 425 426 426 427 427 428 426 426 426 424 4211 42 Construction 3,932 3,983 4, 4,33 4,42 4,81 4,67 4,8 4,47 4,39 4,41! 4,62 i 4,83 Manufacturing 12,79 12,759 12,785 12,813 12,833 12,832 12,818 12,772 12,738 12,672 12,684! 12,6551 12,648 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products 7,175 628 4 414 547 183 1,53 1,25 1,22 1,163 716 f) 28 5,534 1,227 32 571 812 524 851 579 97 752 89 7,218 632 42 417 551 183 1,6 1,255 1,32 1,169 72 281 5,541 1,234 32 572 86 525 851 579 97 756 89 7,239 633 42 418 553 183 1,67 1,258 1,39 1,169 721 28 5,546 1,235 32 571 84 525 853 58 97 76 89 7,259 633 43 42 554 183 1,74 1,263 1,42 1,171 727 281 5,554 1,243 31 57 8 526 853 581 95 766 89 7,288 633 44 422 556 183 1,8 1,268 1,49 1,177 731 281 5,545 1,241 31 568 795 525 854 58 96 767 88 7,297 633 43 423 557 184 1,84 1,274 1,45 1,181 735 28 5,535 1,242 3 566 789 525 854 58 96 765 88 7,296 627 4 423 559 183 1,85 1,281 1,43 1,181 736 279 5,522 1,24 3 566 782 526 851 581 95 764 87 7,271 621 397 42 557 184 1,81 1,279 1,43 1,178 733 278 5,51 1,24 29 561 775 525 85 581 94 76 86 7,25 618 393 419 557 185 1,75 1,282 1,4 1,171 729 278 5,488 1,248 3 556 765 522 854 581 94 753 85 7,227 615 389 417 551 183 1,74 1,283 1,43 1,165 727 273 5,445 1,234 3 549 753 523 852 583 93 746 82 7,244 618 392 417 552 182 1,74 1,282 1,41 1,175 737 275 5,44 1,229 3 549 749 522 852 582 92 751 84! 7,231 618 391 416 551 181 1,69 1,284 1,44 1,166 73! 275! 5,4241 1,235! 3 544 74 518 85 582 91 75 84 Service-producing 61,119 61,386 61,558 61,641 61,862 62,1 61,996 62,116 62,33 62,46 62,558 62,66 Transportation and public utilities. 5,69 5,92 5,124 5,131 5,147 5,172 5,182 5,1691 5,174 5,174 5,193 5,192 Wholesale trade 5,1 5,14 5,34 5,54 5,76 5,9 5,95 5,11 5,124 5,133 5,138 5,144j 5,147 Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 18,12 5,45 18,27 5,44 18,244 5,39 18,271 5,4 18,286 5,42 18,267 5,44 18,238 5,42 18,237 5,5 18,274 5,58 18,338 5,62 18,324 5,7 18,347! 18,348 5,75; 5,89 Services 27,92 28,29 28,117 28,145 28,311 28,437 28,439 28,559 28,673 28,6991 28,833! 28,92! 29,7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1991 forward are subject to revision. -L. 51

ESTABLSHMENT DATA DFFUSON NDEXES SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. j Feb. Apr. ; May June July Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries 1 Nov. Over 1-month span: 1991 1992 1993 39.7 42.3 57.6 6. 6.3 4. 4 61.5 63.3 61.7 38.6 5.1 51.4 6 57.6 37.2 57.3 58.3 62.4 51.3 49.4 5 61.4 58. 46.2 4 48.2 5 6 5 47.1 53.5 57.7 6.5 48.5 5 49.6 56.3 61.5 5 49.3 53.4 61.4 6.7 P 5.7 47.6 57. 59.7 61.1 p 5 46.2 52.2 61.1 6 Over 3-month span: 1991 1992 1993 3 6 68.8 6 32.6 42.6 61.2 7.9 6 31.5 5.7 61.8 69.8 57.9 38.2 56.3 58.8 67.1 49.3 39.3 56.3 61.4 66. 5.6 4 5 61.8 66. 47.9 48.9 5.6 59.3 68.4 52.8 52. 51.3 61.8 68.3 P 49.9 52.1 52.5 62.6 67.8 P53.1 4 5 66.7 67.3 43.5 58.7 6 68.1 Over 6-month span: 1991 1992 1993 29.8 43.4 63.2 71.2 6 32.6 46.2 6 7.2 58.8 3.9 46.3 62.8 7.5 56.3 32.6 5.8 6 69.5 52.2 39. 5 6.8 69.8 49.2 4 5 6 69.1 P49.3 47.1 52.7 6 7.5 P 51.3 4 52.2 6 7.9 48. 56.7 66.2 69. 45.8 5 67.3 69. 4.7 6 7.8 67.4 Over 12-month span: 1991 1992 1993 31. 47.2 6 68.4 63.1 31. 42.3 6 7.8 6.8 31.7 42.7 6 71.9 3 58.4 31.9 4 6 7.2 P58.3 31.7 48. 67. 69.5 3 : 35.8 52.5, 55.8 67.6 ; 67.6 69.7 7.4 37.5 6.7 67. 7.8 4. 59.7 7.2 7.4 4 61.4 69.4 7.2 4 62.9 68.8 66. Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries 1 Over 1-month span: 1991 1992 1993 42.4 46. 46. 59. 41.7 4 56.1 5.7 5 39.6 52.2 42.8 48.6 56.5 46.8 43.2 5.7 56.1 53.2 P4.6 47.5 47.5 5 59.4 3 5. 42.1 51.4 56.5 59. Over 3-month span: 1991 1992 1993 37.4 5 5.7 58.3 28.8 47.1 4 49.6 61.5 32.7 47.1 5.7 5 59. P33.5 5.4 4 53.2 61.5 P4.6 39.9 49.6 6.1 37.4 51.4 56.1 6 Over 6-month span: 1991 1992 1993 38.5 52.5 52.2 59. '26.3 42.8 47.5 5 62.2 3 29.9 4.6 48.9 57.9 62.6 41.4 52.5 56.8 61.5 39.2 47.1 57.6 6 31.7 57.9 6 61.5 Over 12-month span: 1991 1992 1993 2 4 57.6 61.5 26.3 5. 58.6 61.9 3.6 55.8 59. 63.3 32.7 57.9 61.2 61.5 38.1 56.8 59.7 38.8 37.4 58.3 56.5 6.1 59.4 56.5 ; 49.6 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 5 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April ) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1991) are subject to revision. 52

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted (n thousands) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. Nov.! Dec. Apr. May June July Total 1 1,76 263.2 1,71 1,47.5 12,176.9 1,76 1,55.8 358.7 656. 5,849.8 3,292.4 536.8 467.8 5,49 2,723.4 1,33.3 1,17 1,62.1 1,74 53 2,156.8 2,936.1 4,17.5 2,321.6 1,59.1 2,49] 34 798.4 752.7 526.91 3,572.4 66 j 7,821.7J 3,389.7 297.8 5,1. 1,28 1,37 5,21 43 1,616.6 331 2,436.9 7,82 873.41 26 3,22.2! 2,319.4 678.2 2,498.3 217.6 1,763.4 262.4 1,71 1,52.9 12,177.3 1,767.3 1,553.2 357.8 656.1 5,86 3,31.5 536.9 471.1 5,59.8 2,733.3 1,33.5 1,181.7 1,619. 1,759. 53 2,159.2 2,939.4 4,179.4 2,33.6 1,58.2 2,5 34 82. 753. 527.6 3,57 669.8 7,822.1 3,399.9 298.2 5,113.3 1,292. 1,382.5 5,22 43 1,61 337. 2,442.4 7,83 87 26 3,42.4 2,338.6 682. 2,5 218.3! 1,778.7 262.2 1,723.2 1,56.7 12,18 1,771.3 1,551.2 358.5 65 5,919.6 3,33 538.2 472.5 5,519.5 2,747.2 1,336.9 1,192.4 1,62 1,769.3 53 2,1 2,942.3 4,197.3 2,33 1,6.3 2,511.4 347.6 89.2 757.5 53.1 3,578.2 67 7,823.4 3,47.6 299.4 5,121. 1,298.8 1,391.3 5,228.4 436. 1,631.9 339.2 2,469.5 j 7,85 88.4 266. 3,5.4 2,34 69 2,516.9 218.7 1,769.9 26.8 1,731.1 1,58.6 12,19 1,78.1 1,551. 359.1 653.5 5,9.6 3,346.9 538.6 47 5,522.5 2,757.7 1,338.3 1,18 1,62 1,779.1 537.3 2,162.9 2,943.2 4,2.8 2,339.6 1,61.2 2,517.7 345.8 86.5 759.6 529.2 3,582.9 676.1 7,817.2 3,41 299.9 5,132. 1,3 1,39 5,231.9 436. 1,618.6 339.3 2,458.6 7,883.3 88 266.5 3,5 2,35.6 68 2,52.3 218.7 1,772.4 262.7 1,73 1,61.3 12,15.1 1,791.8 1,542.2 357.7 648.2 5,912.4 3,351.1 536.3 47 5,52.9 2,753.1 1,337.2 1,18 1,611.3 1,78 539. 2,159.1 2,937.2 4,223.3 2,34 1,57.7 2,51 347.4 86.7 759.3 53.3 3,582.5 679.5 7,829. 3,417.7 298.7 5,138.9 1,298.6 1,39 5,228.7 436.2 1,61 341.1 2,46 7,867.2 886.2 26 3,6.5 2,347.4 68 2,52 219.9 1,77 26 1,74 1,6 12,22 1,793.2 1,543. 359.8 648.6 5,939.9 3,36 53 477. 5,53 2,769.5 1,34.9 1,189.5 1,617.4 1,78 541.1 2,15 2,94 4,237.7 2,35.1 1, 2,53 347.8 81.6 76 532.2 3,59 682.5 7,829.5 3,42. 299.3 5,16.8 1,296.8 1,398.1 5,233.1 43 1,617.9 342.6 2,471.3 7,9.7 889. 26 3,61.5 2,352.5 679.6 2,52 22.4 1,77 262.6 1,747.3 1,6 12,228.1 1,799.1 1,542. 36.3 648.6 5,956.9 3,377.3 53 479.2 5,54 2,77.3 1,34 1,192.2 1,627.5 1,788.1 541.7 2,16.8 2,947.5 4,24 2,357.7 1,55.8 2,542. 348.8 811.3 769.1 532.8 3,599.6 68 7,828.3 3,432. 3.5 5,17 1,29 1,48.2 5,229.3 43 1,62 341.9 2,481.9 7,946.5 892. 268.3 3,69.3 2,35 68 2,532.5 22.1 1,77 261.1 1,751.3 1,7.6 12,23 1,791.2 1,545.8 36.2 647.4 5,967.4 3,382.5 53 476.7 5,541.1 2,768. 1,349.8 1,19.9 1,629. 1,788.7 542.3 2,162.4 2,951.5 4,25 2,361.7 1,55.8 2,54 348.6 812. 772.1 53 3,63.3 68 7,837.1 3,436.9 31.4 5,17 1,296.6 1,49.5 5,222.8 43 1,626.6 341.6 2,485.8 7,975.8 898.3 269. 3,7 2,359.4 686.8 2,53 22.4 1,771.5 262. 1,753.3 1,7.1 12,242. 1,791.6 1,54 359.7 64 5,986. 3,38 53 47 5,531.7 2,756.1 1,349.4 1,19 1,632.7 1,79 541.4 2,159.9 2,948.3 4,258.6 2,362.1 1,5 2,54.8 35.6 88.6 77 532.2 3,6 68 7,832.9 3,43 31.7 5,171.9 1,299.6 1,41 5,23.5 432.5 1,626.1 341.4,487.9 98 92.51 267.7,73.4,361.7 687.,537.8 218.8 1,776. 261.6 1,75 1,7.8 12,25 1,79.3 1,546.7 357.3 642.5 6,2.1 3,396.3 531 476. 5,53 2,75. 1,35 1,22.4 1,636.2 1,797.1 542.4 2,162.1 2,95 4,241.5 2,369.1 1,52.4 2,542.4 349.3 812.6 777.3 529.9 3,63.4 688.1 7,848.3 3,43 31.7 5,169.8 1,32.8 1,419.6 5,2 432.7 1,632.8 343.3 2,48 8,15.8 97.5 267.4 3,8.1 2,368.2 687.5 2,541.8 217.9 1,767.2 262.8 1,761.5 1,72.2 12,267.2 1,8.6 1,542.8 36 639.2 6,.9 3,41.4 53.2 476.5 5,53 2,756. 1,356.3 1,2.3 1,639.7 1,788.9 54.6 2,161. 2,961. 4,243.2 2,371.5 1,52.5 2,539.9 35 81.2 78 529.5 3,67.7 688.4 7,868.7 3,41 32.7 5,15 1,31.3 1,42 5,211.4 429.1 1,63 343.4 2,485.8 8,4.6 91 26 3,8.5 2,36 68 2.54 218.2 1,772.9 263.1 1,766.2 1,75.8 12,292.7 1,82.6 1,548.5 36 637. 6,1 3,412. 529.2 477.4 5,54 2,75 1,357.5 1,198.4 1,64 1,79 542.3 2,161.7 2,96 4,245.8 2,37 1,59.1 2,536.3 35 89.4 787.2 528. 3,612.6 692.9 7,872.4 3,418.3 3 5,159.8 1,32. 1,43.4 5,21 43 1,63 34 2,48 8,71.6 92.9 266.5 3,83. 2,367.1 692.6 2,546.8 22.9 53 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major ndustry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Construction Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii' daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. 8 12.3 111. 43.2 472.7 98.1 49.4 17.6 9.7 33.4 14 29.21 3.4 217.7 13.91 5 49.5] 77.2) 17.3 21.5 126.9 89.2 14 8.7 4 113.5 15.8 3 56.6 18.2 12 42.7 25 168.7 13.2 26.9 48.2 6 2 13. 8 1 11.1 386.9 5.1 11.7 16 12 3 99.2 1 82.4 12.7 11 4 47 98.3 49.8 17.6 9.8 33.5 142.9 29.1 3.3 218.4 131.2 5 77.8 16.8 22. 127.4 89.4 147.7 8.9 4 112.5 1 3 5 18.6 12 43. 256.6 169.5 13.4 28.1 49. 6 2 13.4 8 1 11.8 389.6 5.5 12.2 166.1 126.2 3 11.2 1 83.21 13.3 11 4 47 99.4 49.81 17.8 9.8 3 147.4 29.1 3.5 218.5 132.2 5 5.7 78.5 17.6 21.9 128.5 89.7 149.5 8.2 4 112.1 1 3 56.81 19.3 12 41 257.5 17.6 13.5 21.1 49.3 6 2 13.5 8 1 13.5 392.6 5.6 12.1! 166.8 12 36.2 1.7 1 8 13.1 115.8 4 476.5 1.5 5.4 17.91 9.7 3 148.2 28.7 3. 216.3 132.8 5 5.2 76.9 18.5 22. 128.8 9.3 15.8 8.7 4 112.7 1 33.2 57.4 19.9 12 4 256.8 171.6! 13.2 211.21 49.4 6 26.9 1 8 1 13.2 396.5 11.8 168.1 125.8 36.3 1.7 1 8 13.3 116.6 4 45 11.5 52.6 17.6 9.7 38.5 15.7 27.8 3.9 212.1 131.5 57. 51.1 72.5 11.6 21.8 127.3 92.3 153.4 81. 48.4 11 16.1 32.8 56.1 2.4 126.9 4 257.3 171.7 13.2 21 49.7 6 26.9 1 8 1 1 43.2 5.9 11.7 17.1 12 3 99.3 1 8 13.2 117.4 4 487.7 11. 52.4 17.5 9.4 38.4 147.7 27.2 31. 29. 133. 57.8 51.1 7.9 18.1 21.7 12 91.5 15 81.4 47.7 116.1 1 33. 56.7 21. 126.5 46.1 257. 17.6 13.1 21 48.6 6 2 13.1 8 1 1 42.8 51.4 11.9 168.9 12 3 9 1 8 12.8 11 4 477.6 13.4 51.6 17.9 9.6 38.7 152.4 27.4 31.5 212. 13 57.1 51.8 7 18.5 21.8 128.1 92.3 159.5 82.3 46.9 118.1 16. 32.6 57.3 21.1 127.6 46.6 25 17 13.1 21 48.9 67.2 26.9 12.9 8 1 18.2 46.2 52.3 12.4 171.4 12 3 1. 1 8 12.8 11 4 486.1 98.3 51.1 18.4] 9.9 38.6! 151.9J 27.3 212.3 13 5 52.1 7 16.3 22.3 127. 91.6 16.9 81.5 47.6 119.2 1 32.3 57.7 2.8 127.8 47.2 25 176.2 12.8 213.2 49.4 67.6 2 12.4 8 1 18.1 4 5 12.4 172.2 12 36.7 1.8 1 8 12.8 113.4 4 487.6 96.9 5.6 17.6 9.9 36.3 153.4 26.8 29.8 21 13.9 5 52. 7 16.6 22 12 91.1 159.4 81.1 48.4 116.2 1 31.4 58.5 2.5 127.7 46.5 25 17 1 211. 49.9 67.9 2.5 12.4 8 11 17.2 43.5 5 11.6 172.5 12 35.8 11.9 1 8 12.5 112.6 4 491.4 9 51.4 17.5 1.1 36.7 15 26.8 29.7 216.9 132.7 5 53.3 7 18.3 21.8 12 92.3 159.3 82.2 48.8 116.1 1 31.4 58.9 2.4 127.8 46.9 256.1 17 1 21. 49.8 68.7 2.2 12.2 8 1 17.4 4 56.1 11.6 173.5 126.1 3 1 1 8 12.5 112.7 4 49 96.5 49.8 18.11 1.31 37. 156.1 26.9 29.7 217. 133.3 5 5 7 19.8 22. 12 92.1 156.5 83.2 5.5 11 16.2 31.9 6. 19.8 128.6 46.6 256.2 17 1 28.8 49.5 7.1 22.1 12.3 8 1 17.5 46.2 57.1 11.4 172.9 126. 3 1 1 8 12.7 11 4 496.5 96.6 5.1 18.4 1.3 37. 157.2 27. 29.8 21 131.5 5 5 7 11.8 22. 125.8 91.8 157.2 82.4 49.7 112.1 16.3 32.3 61.7 19.8 129. 46.8 256.5 17 1 29.4 5. 7.9 23.2 12.4 8 1 17.6 48. 59.2 11.4 173.3 126.6 3 15.8 1 54 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July p Manufacturing Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. 388.1 17.4 19 258.3 1,77 192.1 28 6 13. 48 58.3 17.6 72.6 953.2 66 247. 189.8 36.7 188.6 91.8 178.8 448.7 957.5 417.5 261.3 419.9 23.3 19.3 3 1.7J 59.5 46.1 95.4 861. 21.7 1,7 17.8 22.2 942.1 86.8 376.5 4 54.1 1,13.1 117.7 4 4 337.1 81.8 58 1.1 389.2 16.9 196.5 259.41 1,771.6 193.1 28 6 13.1 48 582.7 17.5 7 95 66 247. 191.5 37.3 19.1 92.1 178.9 447.8 963.1 418.6 261.5 421.7 23.4 19.9 3 1.8 58.5 45.8 948.6 862.5 21.6 1,8.5 171.7 221.7 94 86.5 37 4 539.7 1,1 118.8 4 46.3 338.5 82.4 588. 1.2 389.5 16. 196.6 2 1,769.2 19 283.2 63.2 13.1 48 58 17.3 7 95 671.9 247.9 191.7 38.7 19.7 92.4 179. 447.6 96 42.3 261.6 421.9 23.5 111.3 3 11.3 58.6 45.8 94 863. 21.9 1,83. 171.8 223.3 946.6 86.6 37 4 5 1,1 119.3 4 46.6 339.8 82.7 591.9 1.2 39. 1 196.3 261. 1,77.5 19 282.7 63.2 13.1 48 58 17.3 7 95 67 248.9 191.8 39.5 191.5 92.8 178.6 447.8 96 42.6 261.2 421.8 2 111.8 3 11.3 57.3 46. 94 86 21.9 1,86.5 172.2 22 948.1 86.7 37 4 541.3 1,17.2 119.7 4 46.1 3 82.9 593.2 1.2 39.4 16.9 197.7 262.6 1,767.2 19 282.6 63. 13.1 485.8 586.3 17.1 7 956.1 678.6 249.1 191.9 31.7 191.6 93.2 178.7 447.9 977.4 422.6 258.6 422.8) 2 111.9 3 11.1 57.2 4 949.7 868.2 21.9 1,88.3 173.4 22 947.1 87.2 37 45.8 542.4 1,18.8 12.1 4 4 341.9 82.6 59 1.2 39.1 18.5 199.3 26 1,772.2 19 282. 63.2 13.1 486.7 588. 17.1 7 957. 682.1 25.7 192.8 312.5 19.9 93.1 178.7 449.2 977. 422.8 258.9] 42 2 j 112.2 3 11.2 58.2 46.6 949.2 869.6 21.8 1,9 17 22 947. 86.2 375.8 46.1 541.2 1,22.8 119.7 4 4 343. 82.9 596.8 1.4 39.2 17.6 199.91 263. 1,771.3 19 282. 63.4 13. 486.2 589.7 17. 7 956.5 681.1 25.6 19 312.5 19.9 92.4 178.5 449.5 978.2 42 258. 42 2 112.4 3 1.8] 56.6 4 949.3 868.2 21.9 1,97. 17 22 946.1 86.1 37 46. 54.4 1,26. 121. 4 4 342.5 83.1 598.1 1.3 388.61 16. 21. 262. 1,77.3 19 282.2 62.8 13.1 487. 587. 17. 7 957. 678.8 25.9 19 311.9 19.7 92.5 177.9 448.7 979.6 42 257.4 42 2 111.9 31 11.2 53.2 46.6 948.2 868.4 21.9 1,98.5 17 22 94 85.8 37 4 537.7 1,27.1 12.8J 4 4 342.3 83.3 598. 1.4 38 16.7 2.9 261. 1,766.2 19 281.5 62.3 13.1 486.6 585.8 16.9 71 956.9 679.4 249.9) 19 311.6) 192.4 91.9 177.9 448.5 979.2 42 256.1 42 2 111.8 3 1.6 51.1 46.5 947.7 86 21.8 1,99.3 17 225.8 94 8 373.2 46.2 537.7 1,25.8 121.4 4 42.8 3 83. 597.2 1.5 38 15.8 21.3 26.8 1,77.1 19 281.1 59.4 13.2 487.6 586.6 16.6 73.4 956.9 677.5 249.3 19 39.7 192.2 92.3 177.1 448.3 966.8 42 25 42 2 111.9 3 1.4 498.3 46.8 946.2 862.2 21.5 1,97.6 17 22 942.6 8 371.9 4 53 1,27.2 122.4 4 4 34. 82.5 596.3 1.1 38.7 17.1 21.2 259.3 1,762.7 193.4 279.7 62.7 13.1 48 58 16.7 72.7 957.4 673.5 2 193.2 38.1 192. 91.7 177.7 451.7 969.9 42 252.6 421.3 2 112.7 3 1.3 498.1 46.6 948.9 861.4 21.6 1,91.1 17 226.9 938.8 8.7 371.2 46.5 5 1,27. 12 4 42.9 33 82.9 59 9.7 381.7 17.1 2.8 261.1 1,771.7 193.5 281.3 61.8 13.1 486.1 58 16.6 7 959.4 673.3 249.1 192.4 38.6 191.5 91.9 176.7 449.9 968.1 426.8 252.6 42 2 111.9 36. 99.9 49 47.2 9 856.5 21.7 1,89.3 17 22 937.8 8 372. 46.2 53.9 1,28.2 12 4 4.8 333.3 83.3 595.8 1. 381.4 16.6 21.3 26.1 1,772.4 19 279.4 6.5 13.2 48 58 16.7 7 961.1 67 249.8 192.8 38.8 19.3 91.7 176.3 448.3 961.7 42 25.4 42 2 111.3 36.1 99.9 49 47.7 946.5 85 21.4 1,8 173.3 226.9 93 8 369.1 46.2 529.9 1,29.7 126. 4 399.1 33 83.5 59 1.2 55 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July P Transportation and public utilities 86.8 2 87.2 6.2 615.8 17.2 7.4 1 21. 296.5 21.2 41.8 22.3 317.3 138.2 59.2 68.5 89.5 111.5 22.8 1 127.5 16 11 48.2 156.7 2.9 48.5 38.6 18.7 24 3.1 399.5 161.1 18.8 22 73.1 69.1 273.4 1 7.2 1 136. 461.9 5. 11.6 153. 117.7 4.1 116.6 1 86.5 2 86.3 6.5 61 16.9 7.5 1 2.9 296.8 21.1 41.4 22.5 318.2 138. 6. 69.2 89.9 113.1 23.3 1 127.8 16 11 48. 157. 21. 49. 38.9 18.8 24 3.1 398.4 16.9 19.1 22 72.9 69.2 27 1 7.4 15.8 13 46 5.1 11.5 15 118.8 116.8 1 86.7 2 86.7 6.7 61 16.7 7.6 1 21. 297.5 21. 41.4 22.5 318.9 138.2 6. 69.4 9.5 113.2 22.9 13.4 127.2 16 11 48.8 157.1 21. 49.1 39.1 18.9 24 3.6 397.6 161.1 19.1 22 73.5 69.1 27 1 7.3 1 13 468.8 5.6 11.4 15 119.1 4.3 116.8 1 86.7 2 87. 61.5 61.9 16.8 7.6 15.8 21. 299. 29.8 41.5 22.5 319.1 137.3 59.7 69.3 9.6 11 22.9 13.1 127.1 16 11 47.9 157.4 21.1 49.5 38.9 18.8 24 3.6 397.3 16.6 19.2 22 7 7.3 273. 1 7.4 1 13 471.9 5.8 11.4 15 119.3 4.5 117.3 1 86.3 2 89. 61. 68.4 16.9 7.6 1 2.4 299.4 28.3 41.6 22.7 319.4 136.1 59.6 69.7 88.7 11 22.7 1 126.5 166.3 116.7 48.3 158.2 2.8 49.4 39.1 19. 24 3.6 39 16.3 19. 22 73.5 69.9 27.9 1 7.4 1 137. 468.9 51.1 11.5 15 118.6 4.9 117.5 1 86.6 2 9.2 61.4 61.9 16.7 71.1 1 2.4 299.4 28.6 41.7 22.7 321.2 137. 59.8 7.1 89.6 11 22.7 1 126. 16 116.6 48.4 157.8 2.8 49.5 39.1 19.2 246. 39 159.7 19.1 226.8 73.2 69.4 271.6 1 7.8 16.1 137.2 47.4 51.3 11.6 156.6 119. 41.1 118.5 1 86.2 2 89.7 61.6 612.9 17. 7.7 1 2.5 3.3 28.9 41.6 23. 322.2 137.1 6.1 7.2 9.4 11 22.8 1 126. 166.2 116.6 48. 157.5 2.6 49.9 39.4 19.8 246.1 395.8 1 19.3 226.8 73.2 7.1 272.2 1 71.9 1 137.6 472.3 51.5 11.6 157.5 117.9 4.9 119.1 1 86.2 2 89.5 62.1 61 17.4 71.2 1 2.2 299.3 29.8 41.4 22.8 322.7 139.2 6.2 7.1 9.1 113.4 23. 1 126.6 16 115.8 47. 157.7 2.5 49.9 39.5 2.1 245.8 3.6 39 1 19.1 227.3 73.1 7.1 273.3 1 71.6 16.1 138.5 471.1 51.3 11.5 157.8 118.3 41. 118.8 1 86.2 23. 88.9 62.1 61 18.8 7.9 1 2.1 299.1 29.1 41.4 22.8 322.5 138.2 6. 7.3 9.5 11 23.1 1 127.4 163. 116. 47. 156.3 2.6 39.5 19.7 24 39 1 19.1 226.9 73.5 7.9 271.4 1 71.7 16.1 137.2 472.4 51.7 11.5 158.3 118.7 4.9 119.1 1 85.8 23.3 88.7 62. 61 18.3 71. 1 2.1 298.5 28. 41.6 22.9 322.8 139.2 6. 7.3 9.9 113.5 23.3 1 126.7 163.3 116.3 47.3 15 2.7 5.5 39.6 18.9 24 3.3 396.1 16.1 18.8 226.9 7 7.9 271. 1 71.2 1 137.7 47 51.7 11.6 158.1 119.1 4.7 117.5 1 8 23.2 89. 62.3 619.9 18.9 7.8 1 2.1 299. 27.9 41.2 22.6 322. 14. 6.1 69.7 9.9 112.7 22.8 1 126.8 162.8 116.5 46.9 156.6 2.7 49.4 39.9 18.8 24 3.6 396.7 16.3 18.8 226.9 7 71. 27.1 1 71.2 1 137.4 476.3 52.5 11.6 158.6 118.9 4.4 117.4 1 8 23.3 88.6 62.5 621.6 19.6 7.7 1 2. 299.8 28.9 41.1 22.3 321.7 139.8 6.2 7.6 9.5 113.4 22.9 1 127.7 16 11 47.2 156.6 21. 49.4 4.4 19. 24 3.9 396.7 16. 19. 226.6 7 71. 269.6 1 71.1 1 137. 477.8 52.3 11.8 158.5 12. 4.8 117.3 1 8 23.3 89.1 62.9 621.2 11.5 71. 1 2.1 31.8 27.5 4.6 23. 321.2 138.6 6.3 71. 9.7 112.5 22.9 13.2 127. 162.8 11 47.3 157.9 21.3 49.3 4.4 18.8 246.9 396.9 16.3 19.2 227.1 7 71. 269.6 1 71.2 1 136.9 479.7 52.3 12. 159. 12.8 4.3 116. 1 56 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Nov. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. Wholesale and retail trade 39 5 416.1 23 2,82 431.6 336.9 79.1 52.7 1,516.5 821.9 133.5 118. 1,279.1 65. 33 28 383.2 4 136.6 516.1 676.6 972.5 561.8 219.5 593.2 9 199.3 14 13 84.7 157.8 1,58 771.3 77.1 1,229. 32.3 34 1,169.4 9 368.5 8 569.2 1,893.4 29.1 62.9 683.1 569.4 156. 57 5.7 397.2 5 42.2 237.5 2,822. 433.1 337.6 78.8 52.9 1,52 82 133.3 118.8 1,287.6 65 333. 28 38 47.9 13 518.2 677.6 971.1 56 218.7 598.7 9 21.4 146.6 13 84 159.1 1,585.8 773.3 77.1 1,231.5 3 346.2 1,17 97. 369.3 86. 572. 1,896.6 21.2 63.2 688.4 57 157.6 57 5.9 397.3 5 422.8 239.1 2,826.1 43 336.2 78.6 53.1 1,528.4 829.4 13 119.8 1,29 66. 33 285.8 385.8 41.9 13 518.6 677.4 978.1 56 22.2 6.9 9 21.9 148. 136. 846.6 16.2 1,58 77 77.6 1,232.1 36.7 35.1 1,17 97. 37.7 86.3 57 1,92.8 211.5 63.1 689.3 576.7 158. 579.6 5.9 4.9 5 42 239.3 2,831.9 436.7 33 78.7 53.1 1,536.8 83 13 119.5 1,298.3 66 33 28 386.9 41 136.2 521.8 67 979.7 566.9 22.4 6 9 22.3 148.9 13 85.2 16.5 1,58 778.5 77.8 1,232.2 38.1 35. 1,177.9 97.3 372.3 86.6 579. 1,91 212.4 63.3 692. 578.9 158.8 581.7 51.1 42.5 5 42.6 24.3 2,818. 44 332.9 79. 53.1 1,532.9 838.6 13 119.8 1,299.8 66 332. 287. 382.2 411.2 136.7 516.6 67 98 568.6 221.6 6 9 21.2 15.1 136.8 846.2 161. 1,592. 777. 77.5 1,236.2 36.5 352.4 1,176.3 96.7 37.6 87.2 579.6 1,93.5 212.4 63.4 69 578.2 158.9 582.2 51.4 42.6 5 421.5 24.8 2,82 44 33 78.8 53.4 1,54.9 847.6 13 12. 1,297.7 66 332.3 288.4 38 41 137.5 515.8 676.6 991.2 57.7 22. 69.8 9 23.1 15.2 136.7 852.2 162. 1,587.8 779. 77.5 1,24.9 36.6 353.2 1,17 96.7 371. 87.8 582.6 1,911.9 212.9 63.2 69 579.9 156.3 583. 51.3 42.6 5 423.5 24.3 2,828.5 44 33 78.8 53.4 1,546.2 84 13 12.5 1,299.5 66 33 288.1 387.9 41 137.6 517.8 678.6 992.7 57.9 217.8 611.4 9 22.8 151.1 136.5 852.9 162.8 1,587.5 781. 78.1 1,24.7 3 35 1,171.3 97.1 373.2 87.3 585.8 1,927.1 212.7 6 69 58.6 156.9 581.6 51. 42.1 5 427.3 243.3 2,826.1 44 336.9 78.9 5 1,551.9 847.8 13 12.2 1,29 66 33 288.9 389.7 41 137.9 519.8 678.7 993. 573.2 218.7 61 9 2 151.5 137.1 85 163. 1,589.1 78.8 78.9 1,24 3 35 1,17 96.9 37 86.8 586.9 1,94 21 6 697.5 582.5 158.1 582.1 51. 42.5 5 427.4 243.2 2,832.2 442.1 337.3 79.9 5 1,556.8 849.6 13 12.5 1,291.8 661.8 33 288.2 39.6 41 137.8 518.6 67 992.4 573. 218.3 616. 9 23.1 152.2 137.5 85 162.4 1,589.9 782. 78.8 1,24 36.5 35 1,17.4 9 373.5 87. 588.9 1,94 21 6 697.9 58 158.7 582.7 5.9 42.5 5 427.7 24 2,832.8 441.7 336.5 8.3 53.3 1,561.6 85 13 121.9 1,29 66 336. 288.6 391.6 41 138.4 518.2 677.3 997.2 573.2 218.4 613.2 9 2 152.7 137. 856.3 16 1,599.2 78 79.2 1,242.9 37.8 35 1,172.5 96.5 37 87.5 591.9 1,948.3 217.6 6 698.9 586.8 159.7 58 5.6 4 5 429.2 24 2,847.1 44 336.8 81.7 53.3 1,562.5 861.2 13 121.8 1,293.3 666.1 34.6 289.6 399.2 412.9 138.3 518. 681.9 1, 573.5 217.9 61 9 23.4 152.9 136.3 85 16 1,61.7 783.2 79.3 1,24 311.4 356.9 1,176.6 96.5 376.1 87.4 59 1,95 22.7 6 7.7 588.6 159.3 58 5.8 4 5 431.3 24 2,848.9 44 337.6 82.7 52.9 1,56 862.9 13 121.8 1,29 667.7 34.1 289.2 4.3 41 138.1 519.3 68.7 1,6.9 57 218.7 61.3 95.8 23.1 15 13 858.5 16 1,6 78 79.6 1,24 313.3 357.3 1,17 96.3 377.2 87.8 593.4 1,961. 222. 6 7.7 59.2 16.5 58 51.2 46.1 5 432.3 24 2,849.9 45.4 336.3 83. 53.2 1,571.3 87.6 13 122.4 1,299.7 67.6 341.1 291.1 42.4 41 138.7 52. 677.8 1,8.7 57 22.3 61 96.7 23.5 156.6 136.3 861.2 166.1 1,68.9 78 79.3 1,24 313.2 357.1 1,17 96.2 378.6 88. 59 1,966.6 222.9 6 71.7 593.1 161.3 58 51.4 57 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. Finance, insurance, and real estate 76.9 12.2 112.1 42. 783.3 11.4 13 39.6 31.3 378.3 17 38.4 2 39 13.5 77. 58.8 6 8.6 26.7 133.4 29.8 19 139.7 39.3 147. 15.8 51.6 3 29.5 231.4 29.8 738.8 14 1 271. 6 88.6 311.2 2 68.9 18.2 19. 44 46.3 12.2 16 12 26. 13 8. 77. 12. 111.7 42. 78.6 11.4 13 39.8 31. 379.5 17 38.3 2 39 13.9 77.3 58.7 6 8.7 26.8 133.3 29.7 19 139.6 39.4 147.4 15.8 51.8 3 29.4 231.8 3.3 738.2 14 1 271.4 6 88.7 31.8 2 69.1 18.3 19.1 44 4 12.2 16 123.5 26.1 13 7.9 77.3 11.9 111.5 42.2 778.9 11.6 13 4.1 31.1 379.1 17 38.3 2 39 129.9 77.4 58.7 6 8.8 26.8 132.9 29.7 19 139.4 39.3 147.3 15.8 51.9 3 29.5 231.1 3.5 737.3 14 1 271.6 6 88.7 311.3 2 69.2 18.3 19.2 446.6 46.9 12.2 16 123.4 26. 13 7.9 77.5 11.9 112.6 42.3 776.5 111. 13 31.1 379.2 17 38.2 2 39 129.1 77.7 58.6 6 8.8 26.9 132.7 29.6 19 139.4 39.3 147.7 15.8 52. 3 29.2 231.1 737.3 14 1 271.3 6 89.1 311.7 2 69. 18.4 19.2 447.6 47.5 12.2 16 123.2 2 13 7.9 77.3 11.8 112.7 42.3 77 11.8 13 4.3 3.9 38.3 17 38. 2 39 128.4 77.9 58.4 6 81. 26.8 132.3 29.8 19 138.4 39.1 147.1 15.8 51.9 3 29.4 231.3 73 14 1 271.2 6 88.5 312.6 2 68.7 18.5 19.3 44 47.6 12.2 166.1 122.7 26.1 13 7.9 77.4 11.9 111.5 42.5 77 11.5 13 4.6 31.2 38.9 17 37.6 2 396.1 129. 77.8 58.4 63.4 81.2 26.7 132.5 29.9 19 138.6 39.3 147.1 1 52.1 3 29.4 232.1 3.9 73 14 1 271.3 6 88.6 311.9 2 68.7 18.5 19.5 44 47.9 12.3 165.8 122.7 26.2 136.3 8. 77.3 11.9 111.5 42.7 772. 11.8 133.4 4.6 31.3 381.4 17 38.1 2 397.2 129.3 78.1 58.1 6 81.6 26.8 132.5 21.7 19 139.3 39.2 147.2 1 52.2 3 29.5 232.8 31.1 732. 146.1 1 272. 6 89.1 312.8 2 68.9 18.8 19.9 44 47.4 12.3 166.7 122.9 26.1 136.6 7.9 77.1 11.9 111.2 42.8 769.7 11.7 133.1 4.6 31.2 382. 17 38.2 2 396.5 129.8 78.2 58.4 63.1 81.3 26.7 131.3 21.6 19 14. 39.2 14 1 52.1 3 29.8 232.7 31.2 731.5 147.1 1 272.5 6 89.9 311.8 2 69.2 18.9 19.9 44 47.4 12.3 167.1 122.9 26.1 136.6 8. 77.2 12. 111.2 42.9 768.7 11.7 132.8 4.6 382.9 17 38. 2 39 13.5 78.6 58.3 63.5 81.3 26.7 131. 211. 19 14. 39.2 146.8 16. 52.3 3 29.2 232.6 31.3 731.4 147. 1 271.9 6 9.1 311.4 2 69.3 19.1 11.3 44 47.4 12.4 167.5 123.3 26.5 136.9 7.9 77.3 12.3 11.7 42.9 769. 11.6 133. 4.8 383.5 17 37.8 2 397.3 131.2 78.8 58.3 6 81.3 26.6 13.5 212.1 19 14.6 39. 148. 16. 52.4 3 29.5 231.7 31.3 731.1 148.3 1 271.7 6 9.3 312.5 2 69. 19.4 11.8 445.8 47.3 12.3 167.1 123.5 26.2 136.7 8. 77. 12.4 11.3 43.1 768.9 11.4 133.2 41. 38 17 37.7 2 397.1 1 78.8 58.7 6 81.3 26.5 13.3 212.1 196.1 14.8 39.1 149.1 16.2 52.5 35.8 29.4 231.8 31.4 732.3 148.5 1 271.7 6 9.2 313.4 2 69. 19.5 111. 446.1 47. 12.4 168. 123.1 26.1 136.3 7.9 76.9 12.2 11.3 43.2 767.4 11.4 133.2 41.1 38 17 37.6 2 397.6 131. 79.1 58.9 6 81.1 2 129.8 212.7 196.5 141.1 39.2 148.6 16.1 52.6 36.5 29.5 231.8 31.7 73.6 149.1 1 271.9 6 9.7 31 2 69.3 19.6 11.9 445.8 47.4 12.4 168.5 123.4 26.2 136.8 7.9 76.8 12.4 11.9 43. 765.8 111.2 133.4 41.2 386.9 17 37.4 2 39 132.2 79.6 58.9 6 8.9 26. 13.4 212.7 196.3 14.9 39.3 148.8 16.1 52.8 36.6 29.4 231.1 31.7 73.9 149.2 1 272.4 6 91.1 31 2 69.5 19.8 111. 446.5 47.3 12.4 169. 122.7 2 136.7 8. 58 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Nov. Dec. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming See footnotes at end of table. Services 376.3 59.2 48 231.8 3,575.8 58.8 453.5 92.3 261.7 1,95 792.1 16 1 1,53.4 612.3 329.4 279.9 38 452.1 142.7 67 987.1 1,86.1 64.3 222.4 672.3 93.1 23.5 33 146. 1,49.3 179.5 2,47 733.1 81.4 1,332.6 319.6 351.2 1,57.8 137.1 348.8 87.7 67.7 2,3.6 23. 76.5 838.1 6 17 623.1 4 37 59.4 488.5 233. 3,577.9 59. 456.2 91.3 262.6 1,96.1 797.2 16 1 1,53 618.2 33.1 282. 381.9 456.5 142.9 67 989.3 1,89.3 643.3 221.2 675.8 93.4 2 33 14 1,49.1 181.7 2,476.8 735.8 82. 1,339.2 32 35 1,57 13 346.9 88.1 69.6 2,29.4 229.9 77.5 84 61.1 177.2 622.5 4 376.7 59.3 489.5 233.1 3,588.2 59. 456. 92.3 261.2 1,967.4 89. 16 1 1,537.4 618.8 3 282.4 381.8 461.2 143.2 67 992.3 1,9.9 64 22.2 677.1 93.5 2 336.3 147.1 1,49.6 182.5 2,478.7 737.8 82.5 1,342.6 327.2 35 1,57 136.5 349.3 88.5 611.5 2,31.5 231.3 77.1 85.1 613.4 177.1 623.4 4 377.3 59.4 49 232.5 3,59 513. 45 92.3 261.5 1,97 81 16 1 1,539.6 621.7 331.7 282.9 381.9 463.2 14 67 996. 1,9 646.6 221.8 679.2 9 2 337.5 146.9 1,52.5 182.7 2,482.5 739.3 83.1 1,347.4 329.9 356.5 1,57 136.6 349.9 88.9 61 2,39.5 232.6 77.5 851.8 61 177.8 62 45.8 376.5 59. 49 233.3 3,59 517.8 452.7 91.6 26.1 1,987.4 81 16 16.5 1,54 617.7 332.7 282.1 38.3 46 146.1 676.1 987.7 1,98. 64 216.3 67 9 27.2 337.5 146. 1,53.5 18 2,487. 74.3 82.7 1,348.8 327.3 35 1,573. 136.5 348.2 89.3 615.8 2,33.4 23 76.1 85 613.3 177.3 626.3 46.1 376.9 59.2 499.5 23 3,62 518.4 453.2 92.8 259.4 1,99 818.2 16 16.9 1,5 62 333.5 282.9 381.8 469.4 147. 67 99 1,12.3 649.1 219.4 681.4 9 28.4 34.5 146.9 1,57.2 18 2,49 739.2 83.2 1,356.6 327.5 356.1 1,582.9 136.3 3 89.8 619. 2,52.3 23 76.6 856.3 61 177.4 628. 4 377.2 59.4 52.1 236.3 3,631.4 52. 453.5 92.9 26.6 2,.7 82 16 17.2 1,55 62 336.5 28 383. 47.6 147.9 679.6 99 1,12.5 652.1 218.3 68 9 29.4 342.4 147.4 1,6. 18 2,5 742.7 83.1 1,363. 32 36.6 1,582. 136.9 351.9 89.6 622.8 2,7 23 77.3 859.1 618.4 177.7 631.5 46.2 378.9 59.3 51.5 237.2 3,63 519.5 45 92.9 26.3 2,1.7 827. 16 16.1 1,553.2 623.5 339.4 28 38 47 147.6 681.1 1,.3 1,18.4 65 218.5 683.1 96.6 29.6 34 14 1,6 18 2,51 74 8 1,361.2 327.2 361.6 1,576.2 137.5 352.6 89. 628.1 2,86.2 237.5 78.3 863.1 621.5 177.9 632.1 46.3 379.7 59.8 51.9 237.2 3,638.1 521. 457. 92.7 261.2 2,22.4 829.5 16 1 1,546.3 619.4 34.6 286. 387.2 476.3 147.6 681.9 999.4 1,116.1 65 218.3 68.9 97.7 21.2 34 14 1,69.2 186.3 2,52.1 74 83.3 1,361.8 328.7 36 1,57.7 137.8 35 88.8 629.5 2,93.3 24. 77.9 86 621.8 178.6 63 4 382.1 59.8 52.8 237.7 42.2 522.1 457.7 93.3 261.8 2,33.1 83 16 16.7 1,546.2 621. 34 287.2 388.9 476.9 148. 683.2 999.3 1,11. 657.9 21 68 97.9 211.5 34 14 1,71.9 186.3 2,528.8 74 83.2 1,36.6 328.9 367.8 1.573.1 138.5 356.9 89.6 629. 2,113.2 239.8 77.8 869.8 62 179.2 636.3 4 382.8 6.1 5 239.2 3,646.6 52 456. 9 259.9 2,42.5 83 16 16.7 1,547.6 62 34 288.3 39.1 48.7 148.5 68 1,2.5 1,11.4 659.4 21 68 98.9 21.7 348.5 14 1,77. 187.8 2,53 74 8 1,36.1 33 37.6 1,579.1 138.6 357.2 9.1 632.5 2,117.6 242.3 77.1 872.7 626.3 18.2 637.5 4 38 6. 56.6 2 3,658.8 52 458.9 9 258.1 2,57.4 84.8 16 17.8 1,552.8 627.4 34 289. 392. 482.8 149.5 686. 1,7.1 1,19.8 661.2 216.9 683.2 99.1 21.2 349.3 14 1,8.9 188.2 2,538.6 748.5 8 1,363.2 338.4 37 1,579.6 138.8 357.9 9.5 631.2 2,128.2 242.2 77.4 87 629.2 181.1 64.5 46.1 38 6.6 57.5 241.7 3,67 526.5 461.2 96.6 261.5 2,63.5 84 16 17.3 1,553.4 637.2 34 289.9 39 479.2 15.8 68 1,12.5 1,111.3 663. 217.2 686.5 99.7 27. 349. 147. 1,81.6 19.5 2,54 746.9 8 1,36 343.1 376.9 1,582.4 138.1 359.8 9.7 63 2,12 24 78.2 87 632.7 181.9 64.9 4 59 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE EMPLOYMENT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted Continued (n thousands) State Dec. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Government Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia 346.6 7 29 172. 2,98.3 31.3 221.5 5.9 266.5 99.9 562.2 34 73.3 286.2 173.1 2,1 3.9 219.3 5.8 26 99.4 57.6 357.7 73.5 288.7 173.4 2,1 3.4 219.5 5.8 26 95.5 571.7 34 73.1 287.8 17 2,13.5 31.8 219.6 5.9 26 913.3 571.3 34 7 289.7 j 17: 2,12.5 3.6 21 5.8 26.8! 91.9, 569.6 34 7 291.6 17 2,12. 31.9 21 51.1 261.6 92.9 571.9 34 7 292.4 17 2,1 33.2 21 51.1 26.1 926.1 573.2 34 7 29 17 2,1 32.4 21 5.9 258.7 92.7 575.8 341 71 296.7! 175.8! 2,1 32.3 j 213.5! 51.1! 256.] 92J 57! 347.4 7 298.1 176. 2,1 32.6 21 253.2 92 57 341.3 72.9 3.6 17 2,97.8 3 215.8 5.5 251.6 913.2 572.1 34 73.5 32.1 176.2 2,97.9 3 21 5.4 251.7 97.1 57 Hawaii daho llinois ndiana owa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland 112.3 93.3 787.6 389.7 226.61 23J 286.1 351. 92.5 422.1 112.4 9 787.4 388.1 227.2 236.2 28 35 92.7 422.4 112.3 9 787.8 389.5 229.9 24 28 356.1 92.6 423.2 J 112.3 9 785.8 39. 228. 236.8 28 356.7 92.8 423.2 111.4 9 779.3 39.4 226.7 237.3 28 358. 91.6 422.8 112.J 91 789. j 392.5 226.7 j 237.5! 287.2 357.6 92.31 42.5 j 111.6 9 787.5 393.1 226.9 238.1 288.1 359.7 92.3 418.5 111.5 9 789.1 392.3 227.5 23 286.8 359.8 92.2 419.3 111.71 9 789.8 389.2 227.5 238.5 288.2 359.9 92.2 j 418.7] 111.5 9 786.6 377.2 229.6 241.3 289.1 359.6 91.8 421.8 19.8 96.1 788.2 381.2 22 238.6 28 349.7 9.6 419.3 18.5 9 789.6 377.6 22 23] 286.7 351. 91.3 418.8J Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey 395.8 64.1 358.7 218.7 387. 77. 151.1 9 77.7 57.1 39 639.4 361.2 219.7 387.7 76.7 151.1 93.5 77.6 571.1 397. 64 361.5 22. 39.4 78.5 15 9 77.5 569.8 396.6 641.7 361.4 22.1 39. 76. 151. 9 77.2 57.1 396. 638.5 36 22.3 388.2 76.7 15.7 9 77.3 569.9 39 64 362.8 221.7 393. 76.7 15.9 9 77.4 571.8 393.2 642.7 36 222.7 39 77.1 15.5 9 77.3 571.6 39 64 36 222.6 39 76. 151.2 96.1 78.8 572.2 39 64 36 223.4 39 76.2 148.2 9 78.8 571.4 396.3 64.6 36 22 396.2 7 15. 9 79.1 57.4 392.5 642.5 36 226.8 393.3 77. 148.3 97.6 79.9 568.3 39 63 36 23.1 39 76. 148.6 9 78.6 568.9 New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota...: Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode sland South Carolina 163. 1,41 547. 68. 748.4 271.4 23 722.4 61.5 297.4 16 1,412.6 5 67.3 743.4 27.9 236.7 719.3 61.7 29 16 1,41 551.7 67.2 742.4 271.4 239.1 719.6 62.4 31.1 16 1,48.7 551.5 67.1 74 272.2 237.8 72.6 61.7 29 16 1,46.8 551.7 66.9 74.9 268.8 237.8 721.6 61.9 29 16 1,45.8 553.3 67. 742.5 268.8 238.3 719.3 62. 295.8 16 1,398.3 55 67.2 74 268.8 239. 718. 61.4 296. 16 1,397.4 55 67.3 742.4 268.4 239.2 717.5 62.1 296.7 16 1,386.9 55 67.1 741.8 268.6 238.9 715.8 61.4 298.3 166.1 1,38 555.8 67. 746.5 268.7 239.1 713.2 61.5 32.3 16 1,393. 537.8 66.7 738.7 269.4 237.1 712.1 61.7 3 166.7 1,388.6 54.7 67.4 741.7 271.4 238. 715.8 62.6 31.7 South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 67.6 369.1 1,431. 161.8 4 62.4 438.1 13 363.1 58.1 ncludes mining, not shown separately. Mining is combined with construction. = preliminary. 67.1 369.61 1,431.4 162.1 4 6 44 13 36 58. 68.1 389.8 1,43 161.8 4 6 44 146.8 366.8 58.5 67.2 371.6 1,436.9 161.9 4 62.5 44 13 36 57.8 67.3 369.6 1,436.1 162. 4 61.3 44 13 367.5 58.1 67.5 371.8 1,438.9 162.3 4 6 44 13 362.5 57.8 67.6 372.3 1,439.2 16 4 62.8 443. 136.1 362.9 58.2 67.6 371.8 1,442.4 16 4 61. 44 136.6 36 58.4 67.7 372.3 1,44 16 4 598.8 44 136.5 363.5 58.3 67.6 369.9 1,44 16 4 597.7 44 136.5 36 57.6 67.5 368.1 1,457. 163.3 43.5 59 443.1 13 36 58.4 67.5 368.5 1,467.3 16 4 59 44.9 138.4 363. 6.3 NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March benchmarks and incorporate updated seasonal adjustment factors. 6

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted ndustry Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.! May June July p Total private. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Goods-producing 41.4 41.4 41.5 41.6 41.4 41.3 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.9 Mining 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Construction Manufacturing j 42.1 Overtime hours! 42.1 42.1 42.2 42.1 42. 41.5 41.4 41.5 41.3 41.5 Durable goods Overtime hours Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products 42.9 ; 41.3 4.7 i 43.5 i 4 i 4 i 42.9 \ 4! 42.2! 4 j 45.8 j 41.9 j 4.1 j 41. 41.3 41.8 37.7 4 38.7 43.4 42.3 43. 41.1 4.6 43.5 4 4 43. 4 42.1 4 4 41.8 4. 41. 41.5 41.5 37.6 4 38.6 43.4 42.3 43. 41.2 4.4 43.5 4 4 43. 4 42. 4 46.2 41.7 39.9 41.1 41.5 41.6 37.7 4 38.7 43.2 42.3 43. 41.2 4.8 i 4 4 4 43.2 4 42.1 4 46.1 41.8 4.1 41. 41.5 41.8 37.5 4 38.5 43.3 42.3 39. 38.7 38.6 38. Service-producing 33. 32.7 32.8 32.9 Transportation and public utilities. 4. 39.8 39.6 39.8 Wholesale trade 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.4 Retail trade 29.2 28.9 28.9 29. Finance, insurance, and real estate ( 2 O ) Services! J_ 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and 43. 4.9 4.5 43.3 4 4 43.1 4 41.9 4 46.1 41.7 42.8 4.7 39.8 43.4 4 4 42.8 4 41.8! 4 45.8 41.7 39.9 42.3 4.4 38.7 42.5 43.5 4 42. 43.3 41.5 4 43.1 41.5 4.1 42.1 4.3 39.2 42.4 4 4 42.1 43.4 41.4 43.4 4 41.3 39.8! 42.2 4.6 39.4 43. 4 4 42.1 43.2 41.5 4 4 41.2 4. 41.9 4.1 39.2 42.9 43. 43.1 42. 42.8 41.3 43.3 4 41.3 39.6 42.4 4.7 39.8 43.1 4 4 42.3 43.5 41.6 4 4 41.5 4. 41. 41.3 41.9 37.7 4 38.5 43.4 4.9 41.3 41.8 37.6 4 38.4 43.4 4.4 4.7 41. 37. 43. 38.2 43.4 4.4 41. 4.4 36.9 42.9 38.4 43.2 4.5 41.3 4.3 36.9 43. 38.1 43.3 4.4 41.2 4.3 36.8 43.1 38.1 43.1 4.4 41.2 4.7 36.7 42.9 38.1 43.1 42.3 42. 41.2 41.6 41.4 41. 41.2 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.1 38.5 38.3 36.8 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.9 32.4 32.7 32.8 39.7 39.5 39.4 39.8 39.1 39.4 39.7 38.4 38.2 38.2 38.3 37.9 38.2 38.3 28.8 28.8 28.7 29.1 28.7 28.8 28.9 irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1991 forward are subject to revision. 61

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-9. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (1982=1) ndustry Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July j p i Total private 131.8 131.5 132. 132.7 132.4 132.5 132.8 131. 132.4 132.8 132.3 133. j 13 Goods-producing 11.3 11.9 111.4 112. 111.7 111.7 19.9 18.9 19.7 19.2 19.5 19.8! 19.7 Mining 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 53.2 5 Construction 138.5 14.3 142. 14 142.1 14 14. 136.9 141.9 143.4 142. 143.5 Manufacturing 17.9 18.4 18.6 18.9 19. 18.6 17.1 16.6 16.5 1 16.2 16.3 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 17.5 137.2 127.9 18.9 93.1 7 112.2 1.7 16.9 119.5 158.3 7 1 18.2 137.4 128.3 19.7 9 7 113.2 11.4 17.7 12.9 161.2 7 15.8 18.5 137.9 127.6 19.9 9 7 11 11.6 18.1 12.9 16.8 7 1 19. 137.9 129.2 11.7 9 7 11 12.5 18.7 12.9 161.8 7 16.1 19.2 136.9 128.6 11.4 9 7 11 12.9 18.9 121.8 162.6 7 1 18.9 136.2 126.1 111. 9 7 11 13.1 18.2 121.6 162.5 7 1 17.6 13 121.7 18.7 92.2 7 113.2 12.3 17.2 121.1 153.1 7 1 16.9 132.3 122.3 17.7 92.5 72.8 113. 12.4 17. 118.3 15 7 1 16.8 132.7 121.7 18.9 92.5 72.6 112.4 12.1 16.9 118.2 15 73.5 1 1 13.4 119.8 18.1 89.8 7.8 112. 11.3 16.7 116.8 15 7 11.8 17.1 133. 122.6 18.7 91.2 71.6 112.8 12.8 17.3 118.8 158.6 7 13.5 17.3 133. 121.7 18.6 91.3 7.8 113.4 12.8 18.9 118.5 158.2 7 1 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 18.5 11 6 99.2 89.8 112.4 127.1 12.7 82.1 14 53.3 18.6 11 62.9 98.6 89. 112.4 126.8 12.7 81.4 14 52.8 18.8 11 6 98.7 89. 112.6 127.4 12.4 82.1 14 52.8 18.8 116.3 99. 88.1 112.8 126.8 12.8 79.8 146.8 51.9 18.7 11 6.9 98.9 88. 112.4 126.9 12.8 81.4 146.9 51.9 18.2 11 58.1 98.3 87.1 111.9 126.6 12.9 79.9 14 51.9 16.6 11 59. 9 8 11.3 12 13. 78.6 142.6 5.9 16.3 11 58.2 9 8 19.8 126. 12.6 76. 143.2 5.9 16.1 116.1 6.5 93.1 82.9 19.4 12 12.8 78.3 141.2 5. 1 11 6.2 91.9 81.3 19.9 12 12.7 78.7 138.5 4 1 11 59.7 92.8 8.7 19.2 12 12.5 76.3 14.1 49.8 1 11 57.5 91.5 8.6 18.1 12 13.2 7 141.3 49.6 Service-producing 141.4 14.7 141.2 141.9 141.6 141.8 143. 141. 142.5 143.5 142.6 143.5 Transportation and public utilities 12 12 12 12 12 12 126.2 12 12 12 12 126.1 Wholesale trade 118.3 118. 118.5 118.9 119.5 119.2 119.6 118.5 12. 12.5 12.3 12.8 Retail trade 13.1 129.5 129.7 13.4 129.6 129.5 13.6 128.8 129.5 13.4 129.4 13. Finance, insurance, and real estate 126.5 12 12 12 12 12 126.7 122.8 12 127.2 12 12 Services 165.8 16 166. 166.7 166.6 167.4 168.4 166.5 168.8 169.4 168.7 17.1 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1991 forward are subject to revision. 62

ESTABLSHMENT DATA ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-1. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted Millions of hours (annual rate) 1 Percent change ndustry August ' ' p to Oct p August to Sept ' to p Total 215,671 216 217,43 1.4.4.4 Private sector 176,799 177,683 178,979 1.6 Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities.. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services 1,326 1,531 39,683 23,257 16,427 12,759 12,594 31.97 12,843 55,965 1,344 1,636 39.682 23.282 16,4 12.814 12,635 31,273 12,977 56,324 1,334 1.775 39.515 23,171 16.344 12.886 12,725 31.52 13,273 56,97-3.5-1.6 -.6-3. 2. 2.3.8 1.2 1.3 1...1 -.2.4.3.6 1..6 -.8 1.3 -.4 -.5 -.3.6.7.7 2.3 1.1 Government 38,873 38,777 38,451.6 -.2 -.8 1 Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multiplied by 52. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees production workers. nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers and are based largely on establishment data. See BS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2414, chapter 1, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors". SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (22 66-566). 63

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EARNNGS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted ndustry Nov. ; Dec., Jan. Feb. : Mar. j Apr. ; May ; June ; July j! p ; p Average hourly earnings Total private (in current dollars) $11.25 $11.24 $11.27; $11.29' $11.32 $11.34 $11.4 $11.37 $11.43 $11.5 $11.48 $11.53j $11.59 Goods-producing 12.81! 12.83 12.83 12.84 12.89 12.91 12.94 12.94 13.2 13.9 13.9 13.12 13.15 Mining 14] 14 Construction 1J 14 Manufacturing Excluding overtime 2 12.14; 12.17 11.49] 11.52 18 18, 12 11 14^ 18 12.18 12.21 : 12.24 11.53 11.56; 11.6 15 1 12.25 11.61 17 15 12.281 11.72; 18 19 12.28 11.67 1 1 12.32 11.71 17 19 12.4 11.8 18 19 12.41 11.79 19 14] 12.43] 11.78] 13 13 12.46 11.84 Service-producing 1.7 1 1.68 1.71 1.74' 1.76 1.79 1.87; 1.83 1.88 1.95 1.93 1.98! 11.6 Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate. Services 19] 12 12.22] 12.15 7.56; 7.56 12.5! 11.99 11.2] 11.17 11 12.2: 7.6 12.1 i 11.2V 13; 12.23: 7.59' 12.6 11.26' 1 12.24 7.6 12.9 11.28 15 12.27 7.61 12.16 11.3 15 : 12.41; 7.63; 12.28; 11.39; 13 12.31 7.65 12.19 11.34 11 12.36 7.67 12.3 11.38 17 12.44 7.72 12.43 11.44 17 12.42 7.74 12.37 11.4 11! 12.48; 7.75; 12.43' 11.47; 17 12.55 7.79 12.52 11.55 Total private (in constant (1982) dollars) 3 Goods-producing Service-producing 7.42] 8.45] 7.6] 7.4 8.45 7.3 7.4 8.43 7.4. 7.39 7.39 8.41 8.42 7.3 7.3 7.38 8.4 7.2 7.4 8.4 7.5. 7.36 8.38 7.1 7.39 8.42 7.4 7.43 8.46 7.8 7.41 8.45 7.6 7.43 8.45 7.7! O Average weekly earnings Total private (in current dollars) Goods-producing Mining Construction... Manufacturing. 392.63 53.33 679! ( 5 ),. 511.9 388.9] 391.7! 531.16' 532.45 67 ( 5 ) 512.36 392.89 391.67 534 535 678 677.9 678.89 ( 5 ) ' ( 5 ) ' ( 5 ) 512.78 5161 51 392.36 533.18 679 ( 5 ) 51 394 526.66 678.1 ( 5 ) 59.62 388.85 526 672.47 ( 5 ) 58.39 393.19 532.52 686.97 ( 5 ) 511.28 397.9 537 69 ( 5 ) 512.12 391 538 686 ( 5 ) 512 l 397.79] 42.17 539.23] 539.15 692.551 ( 5 )! 518.33! 7.4 ( 5 ) 517.9 Service-producing...! 353.1 349.24 351.29: 353.35. 351.85 352.83 j 357.62 35.89 358 359.16 353 359.5 367 Transportation and public utilities i 559.6 Wholesale trade. 471.69 Retail trade 22.75 Finance, insurance, and real estate. ( 5 ) Services ( 5 ) Total private (in constant (1982) dollars) 3 Goods-producing Service-producing 258.99 349.82 232.92 558. 466.56 218.48 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 256.2 349.68 229.91 55 468.48 219.64 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 558.39. 555.8 469.63: 47.2 22.11, 218.88 ( 5 ) : ( 5 ) 256.94 257.3: 255.83 349.84 : 349.8; 348.56 21 i 231.4! 229.82 558! 563.17 468.711 47 219.17! 222.3 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 254 347.12 229.71 ( 5 ) 256 341.77 232.7 552.48 466.55 219.56 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 251.85 36 227.26 559.87 472.15 22.9 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 253 345 23.13 566.52 475 223.11 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 257.21 343 232.17 562.24 474 222.14 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 255 343 229.33 568.11 477.98 223.2 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 256.31 347.44 231.35 576 483.18 221 ( 5 ) ( 5 ) O 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. 3 The Consumer Price ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CP-W) is used to deflate these series. 4 Not available. 5 These series are not computed because the average weekly hours' components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis. p -- preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1991 forward are subject to revision. 64

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry (n thousands) Total ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p 115,269 115,829 116,588 117,389 117,971 Production workers 1 p + p Total private 96,31 96,363 98,498 98,334 98,394 78,735 78,7911 8,667! 8,493 Mining 67 63 586 581 578 436 433 431 428 Metal mining ron ores Copper ores 1 11 12 49.5 9.2 1 49.4 9. 1 52.7 9.2 1 51.8 9. 1 5.9 4.3 7.6 12.1 7.5 12.2 42.6; 7.8; 12.6! 41.5 7.5 12.3 Coal mining Bituminous coal and lignite mining 12 122 11.9 13.3 11.9 13.1 16.6 99.7 1 99. 1 89.8 83.5 89.7 83.2 86.1 8.5 8 8.4 Oil and gas extraction Crude petroleum and natural gas Oil and gas field services 13 131 138 339.9 162.1 171.1 33 159.5 169.1 317.6 148. 162.4 31 14 162.5 31 22 81.5 138.4 222. 8.9 137. 219.1! 217.5 8.7 j 79.5 13 13 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel Chemical and fertilizer minerals 14 142 144 147 17.1 41. 3 1 17. 4.8 34, 1 18.7 41.8 3 1 18.3 41.5 3 1 17.7 81.6 32.2 81.4 31.9 83.4 32.8 82.8 32.6 Construction General building contractors Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction Heavy construction, except building Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 15 152 153 154 16 161 162 5,371 1,263.5 636.2 28.9 598.4 817. 271.7 54 5,347 1,26 63 28.9 61.2 89.7 262.8 546.9 5,596 1,298.8 64 28.9 62 81 276.5 538. 5,56 1,278.4 631.1 28.5 618.8 828. 276. 552. 5,554 1,269.9 82 4,214 98.2 437.7 12.3 458.2 69 229.6 46 4,191 99.9 436.8 12.3 46.8 687. 22.9 466.1 4,389 937.7 449. 12.5 476.2 687.7 231.5 456.2 4,359 i 92. j 43J 12.2 472.1! 71.7J 231.41 47.3 j Special trade contractors Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning Painting and paper hanging Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentry and floor work Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 3,29.3 71 191. 588.6 472.3 223. 223. 3,272.7 713.3 19.6 593. 467.6 22.1 22 3,482.7 762.9 28.3 63 48 233.3 23 3,453.1 758.5 22.7 631.7 477.7 233. 232.7 3,458.3 2,611.4 528.4 159.8 46 48.7 172.2 18.7 2,59 526.7 159.6 467.4 4 168.6 181.6 2,76 56 176.7 5.8 422. 176.8 19.1 2,736.9 562.6 171.4 498.3 41 176.5 187.8 Manufacturing Durable goods 18,5 1,527 18,494 1,546 18,479 1,596 18,46 1,617 18,389 1,589 12,86 7,188 12,81 7,27 12,786 7,246 12,785; 12,736 i 7,272 j 7,255 Lumber and wood products Logging Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring mills... Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wood containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 769.7 8 19.2 151.3 36.9 276.7 111.9 76.7 2 29.4 5.2 7 57.3 91.5 768.4 8 19.2 15.7 37.4 276.8 112.8 76.8 2 28.8 5.1 76.3 57.8 91. 766.2 8 18 147.1 36.7 27 111.5 76.2 2 28.7 5.5 78.7 61. 91.9 76 8 18 14 36.9 271.8 11.1 7 2 28.6 5.8 78.4 61.1 91.7 761.8 637.5 7.6 16 131.1 32.3 223.3 87.9 61.7 21.3 26.2 42.8 61. 48.2 7 63 69.3 16 13.2 32.8 223. 88.6 61.7 21.6 2 42.5 61.5 48.6 7 631.9J 69.7! 16.8) 127.2J 32.! 219.7 86.7 61.2 21.3 2 43.1 63.5 51.4 7 629.2 626.7 7.1J 1! 126.6 j 32.2! 217.3J 8! 6.5! 21.1! 2! 43.31 63.3! 51.61 7J Furniture and fixtures Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 5 283.1 12 91.2 22.1 59.3 286.1 127.1 91.9 23.4 49 273.1 j 122. 89.8 18.3 3.6 496.7 27 122.3 89.4 19.7 496.7 41.3 236.5 17.9 76.7 18. 2 43.4 238.7 18.5 77.2 19.1j 2 392. 227. 1 7 1 2 392.61 392.7 228.9! 1! 71 16.i 2! See footnotes at end of table. 65

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 i p p Durable goods Continued Furniture and fixtures Continued Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 252 253 254 259 63.5 39.6 83. 37.2 63.2 39.2 83.2 37.6 62.6 8 36.6 61.8 39.8 83.3 37.2 46.3 31.6 61.5 2 46. 31.4 61.6 2 46.7 32.1 62.1 2 46. 31.7 61.6 2 Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Ready-mixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products Mineral wool 32 321 322 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 3296 546.6 1 76.7 32. 4 62.1 17.7 32.9 41.4 28.5 17.9 68.3 1 77.7 2. 3.1 2 54 1 76.5 32.1 4 62.6 17.7 33.1 41.4 27.3 17.7 68. 1 77.7 2. 3. 2 551.6 1 7 31.3 4 63. 18.3 32.4 42. 212.9 17.9 7.3 17.4 78.3 19.9 3. 2 549.4 1 7 3.9 4 62.9 17.8 32.2 41.8 211.9 17.9 7. 16.8 77.9 19.7 2.9 2 547.3 422.9 11.9 63.4 28.6 3 46.9 13.5 2 33. 16.1 11.5 51.4 8 58.3 1 2.5 422.3 11.9 63.4 28.6 3 47.3 13.4 2 33.2 159.3 11.6 51.3 83.1 58.1 1 2.5 428.6 11.8 63.2 28. 3 48.6 1 2 3 163.4 11.5 53.1 8 58.6 1 2.4 426.6 12. 63.2 27.6 3 48.5 13.4 2 33.3 162.4 11.4 52.8 8 58.4 1 2.4 Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes ron and steel foundries Gray and ductile iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries (castings) Aluminum foundries 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3365 77.8 239.3 172.8 2 127.6 8.4 26.5 4.8 22.7 169.2 2 23.1 7 86.8 25.8 79.6 239.1 172.6 2 128.5 81. 26.8 4.7 22.6 169.1 23.5 23. 7 87.8 25.8 712.3 239.6 171.3 27.4 128.6 81.1 27.2 41.3 23. 168.5 2 22.9 7 89.2 27.2 713.5 238.1 169.7 27.4 129.6 82.2 27.2 41.1 23. 169.7 2 22.9 76.2 89.8 27.4 711.8 236.8 54 182.5 132.8 19.4 1 66. 21.5 3.9 17.8 126. 18.5 16.3 55.8 7.5 21.1 548.5 182.6 132.9 19.4 1 66.5 21.7 17.6 126.6 18.3 16.3 5 71.4 21.2 551.9 182.8 131.1 2.5 1 66.7 22.2 31.4 18. 127.1 18.3 16.6 56.6 72.7 22.5 55 181.6 129.8 2.6 15.8 67.9 22.2 31.3 18.1 128.5 18.4 16.6 57.6 73.3 22.7 Fabricated metal products Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, handtools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fixture fittings and trim Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings ron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 343 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 1,4 42.3 3 13.1 4 73. 6.7 2 22.3 41 69.8 77.2 98.2 1 27.4 96.5 49.2 47.3 238. 3.2 18.1 88.4 1,411.6 41.4 3 131.1 4 73.3 6.7 2 22.5 418.2 7.2 77.5 98.3 1 27.7 97.1 49.8 47.3 239.7 3.3 19.1 89. 1,432.81 143 41.6' 41.1 33.51 33. 129.9 13.6 4! 4 71.9 72.5 59.8! 59.9 2J 23.5 21.7J 22.1 431.9 432.2 7! 7 77.4] 77.3 1.5 11.2 19.2 19. 28.8 28.9 98.1 98. 5.4 5.5 47.7 47.5 242.9 24 31.1 19.1 111.8 91.6 91.2 1,438.1 1,5 36. 29.7 98.5 3 5 4 18.2 1 32. 5.6 57.6 69. 79.3 19.5 7 4.1 3 19.9 23.4 91.2 68. 1,6.2 3 29. 99.2 3 5 4 18.1 1 3 5.9 57.8 69.1 8. 19.8 76. 4.5 3 192.2 23.5 92. 68.4 1,73.5 3 29.1 97.6 3 5 42.9 17.2 1 31 5 57.7 72. 82.7 2.8 76.9 41. 3 19 2 91.4 7.3,77.8 3 28.6 98.3 3 5 43.2 17.2 1 31 5 57.7 72.9 82.6 2.7 76.8 41.2 3 197.3 2 9 7.3 See footnotes at end of table. 66

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 p Durable goods Continued Fabricated metal products Continued Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, except for small arms, nee Miscellaneous fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings, nee Misc. fabricated wire products 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 12 77. 48.4 52.6 29.5 243.1 2 56.9 126.3 77.4 48.9 52.8 29.7 24 2 57. 127.9 78.5 49.4 5.4 27.9 2 2 57.8 128.1 78.7 49.4 49.9 27.5 25.2 2 57.7 98.3 6.1 38.2 29.2 13.4 179. 18.4 4 99.3 6.6 38.7 29.6 1 18.3 18.5 4 99.4 6.9 38.5 27.7 12.4 18 19.4 4 1.1 61.6 38.5 27.5 12.2 18 19.4 4 ndustrial machinery and equipment Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets nternal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil and gas field machinery Conveyors and conveying equipment ndustrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven handtools Special industry machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery Food products machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Computer and office equipment Electronic computers Computer terminals, calculators, and office machines, nee Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. industrial and commercial machinery Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3552 3555 3556 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3571 3575,8,* 358 3585 359 3592 3596,9 1,992.7 88.6 29.1 59.5 1 77.3 26. 71.9 1 36.5 37. 28.4 32 38. 16.6 15 5. 2 156. 1 21.7 2 24 37.3 26.6 32.8 1 2.6 348.6 197.6 56. 196.1 13 322.3 22.5 25 1,992.8 89. 29.1 59.9 1 77.1 27. 72.3 16. 36.3 37.3 28.8 327.1 38.4 16.7 15 2 157. 1 21.6 2 24 3.6 37.3 26.5 32.9 1 2.7 343.2 192.5 5 19 132.2 32 22.9 258.2 2,4. 86.6 27.4 59.2 98.1 7 218.4 78.3 16.9 3 4.7 3.6 34.3 4.5 17.9 159.1 53. 2 168.7 1 22.5 2 252.9 3.6 37.9 26.5 3 1 21.3 339.4 188.5 57.6 199.3 13 336.3 23. 267.7 2,4 8 26.6 58.9 1.4 76.3 218.6 78. 16.8 3 4.5 3.6 341.3 4.9 18.1 159.8 53. 2 169.4 1 22.6 2 25 3.4 37.9 26.6 3 16.6 21.2 34. 188.9 57.3 199.7 136. 33 23.1 268.1 2,48.7 341.9 1,242.6 56.5 17. 39.5 77.1 5 13.9 47.4 9.4 2 21. 18.9 229.9 23.4 1.5 117.6 3 1 9.6 9.9 11.5 1 156.7 17.1 29.6 1 22.3 1.6 1 121.6 56.9 21.1 14.8 11.4 238.5 18.7 19 1,24 56.8 17. 39.8 77.5 55.8 131.8 47.8 9.4 2 21.4 19.3 231.3 2 1.6 117.8 3 16.5 91.5 1. 11.5 1 157.1 17.1 29.6 1 22.4 1.7 1 118.7 5 2.6 138.4 98.9 24.9 18.8 19 1,272.9 5 1 38.5 7.4 52.5 141.8 53.5 1.1 2 23.4 2.8 241.9 2 11.7 12.4 37.2 17.8 96.5 1.3 12.1 1 161.8 17.3 3. 1 22.7 11.4 1 116.9 53.5 2.5 139.6 99.7 249.8 18.1 2 1,282.8 5 1 38.5 72.9 5 142.6 53.4 1.1 2 23.2 21. 243.4 2 11.9 121.7 37.4 17.5 97.4 1.2 12.5 1 163. 17.3 3. 1 23. 11.6 1 117. 5 2.6 142.2 12.3 25.7 18.4 2 Electronic and other electrical equipment Electric distribution equipment Transformers, except electronic Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Relays and industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3625 363 3632 3633 3634 1,588.2 82.5 41.2 41.3 157.1 78.6 59.4 12 31.6 17.3 1,59.7 82. 4.8 41.2 156.9 78.6 58.9 122.6 27.6 17.4 31.1 1,622.7 8.9 41.2 39.7 158.2 77.1 61. 119.8 3. 16.5 29. 1,633. 8.2 4.61 39.6 16.9 79.6 61.1 121.2 3. 1 3.1 1,63 1,2 58.3 27.5 11.6 61.4 3 13.4 28.1 1 2 1,26. 58.1 3.4 27.7 11.8 61.4 3 1.1 2 1 2! 1,39.3 56.5 3. 26.5 111.2 6.3 36.3 96.5 26.1 1 21.9 1,4 5 29.3 26.2 113.4 62.3 36.3 98.1 26.2 1 23. See footnotes at end of table. 67

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry Durable goods Continued Electronic and other electrical equipment Continued Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Household audio and video equipment Household audio and video equipment Communications equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft parts and equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts. Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 1987 SC Code 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 367 3671 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 379 3792 179.3; 22.31 62.5 j 19.7j 21.8! 9.71 63.11 241 19.8 551.4 2 226.3! 131.9 156.8 2 69.2 1,75 916.9 347.7 38.4 476.6 3 469.2 266.3 9.9 112. 159.2 11 51 36.3! 1J 71 5.81 21.9J 18.2 22.7 i 62.9J 19.7! 21.9i 91.i 63.1 j 246.91 11.3 553.5 i 2J 227.1! 132.1! 157.6 26.2 69.4 1,761. 921.2 349.1 38.1 479.2 3 468.2! 26! 9.4J 112.1! 16.3 1 5 37.J 1! 7! 5.8 21.8 All employees Production workers 1! p 181.5! 23.4J 6! 19.3; 2.4 92.81 62.7! 249.9! 111.4! 586.8i 2! 24J 138.1! 152.8J 26.! 66.6 1,736.5! 932.3 j 35' 41.3 481.4 35.8 j 438.7 24. 88.2 11.5 1 1 5 38. 98. i 7.1; 5.7J 21.2J 181.4! 23.! 6] 19.2! 2.7i 9! 6; 21 111.7 59.7! 2i 247.2J 138.5! 153.3! 26.11 67.3 1,742.7i 936.8! 359.7 4.5 482.5 3 439.3 239.3 89.4 11.6 162.5 15.8 56.7 38.1 97. 69.3 5.5 2.8 p 59 i 1,712.1 93 412.2 129.7 17. 42.2 1 16.1 61.2 4.4 12 59.7 326.8 1 99.3 86.9 11.4 2.3 5 1,156.8 711.6 251.7 38 27.9 216.2 1 4 6 122.5 77. 4 27.1 29.9 19.1 3 18.2 13. 17.1 42.5 1 16.2! 61.2! J 12 6.3 329.6 16.1 1.1 87.5 11.7 2.5 5 1,161.5 71 252. 3.6 388. 28.4 21 1 4 6 12 77.7 46.2 27.8 29.6 19.1 3 18.2! i j p! 13.: 17.4! 42.7! 1! 1; 62.8! 39.5; 12! 59.: 35.1! 16.6; 18.! 91.8 1 18.4: 2.2; 52.1: 1,161.1! 727.8! 26! 33.! 38: 29.3 j 2! 9! 43.3; 65.8; 123.3! 77.i 46.3! 28.! 27.8: 17.9! 36.3; 17.7: --{- 129.6! 17.1! 42.4! 1! 1! 6! 4.7; 123.! 58.7! 351.1 17.: 19.! 9.9! 19.5: 2.5! 52.8: 1,168.7! 732.8! 27.9; 32.3! 386.1; 28.7! 2! 9! 4! 6! 12; 78.2: 47.5! 28.2; 27.1! 17.2i 36.1 17.2! nstruments and related products Search and navigation equipment Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments nstruments to measure electricity Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 857.6! 17 28 4 61.5 7.7 26 1.6 96.3 36.7 89.3 8.7 85 173.! 28! 4! 61.41 7.7J 262.8 i 1.1 j 96.3! 3 88.9 8.7 841 161.4! 289.31 4! 62.5; 72.! 262.8! 11.3; 9J 36.! 86.2; 7.9^ 841.8 16.6 288.3 4 62.3 71.8 262.8 11.2 9 36.3 86.1 7.7 839. 419.4 5 14 29.3 29.1 32.8 1 6.1 61. 2 39.3 7.1 418.3 53.5 14 29.3 29.1 32.7 149.7 59.7 61.1 23.5 39.1 7-2; 417.4; 48.3 148.9! 28.9! 31.! 33.2j 151.! 62.2! 59.5! 23.5 39.3; ; 416.1 j 47.9! 148.6; 28.9; 3.9! 33.! 15.6! 61.8; 59.6! 2! 39.3! 6.; Miscellaneous manufacturing industries Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles. Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising specialties 39 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 397.3 51.9 38.9 13.5 116.8 4 71.3 32.3 3. 18.6 152.8 62.3 42.4 53.3 4. 1 118.7 46.1 72.6 32.31 3.3! 18.9i 151 62.7! 39! 5.7 i 37.8! 1; 11! 4! 7.3! 33.; 27.3J 16.3! 153.31 6 395.8 51.9 38.9 1 116. 4 71.3 32.8 27.3 16.3 15 6 399.4 28 3 27.1 1.9 83.1 52.4 21.7 21.9 13.3 19.7 42.2 287. 37.4 28. 1.9 8 31.1 5 21.6 21.9 13.4 11.5 42.3 277.2! 3! 2! 11.4 81.5 3.3 51.2 22. 18.9 11.3 18.5 43.1 279.9 36.2: 26.9 11.3J 82.7! 3.! 52.7! 21.9! 18.8; 11.2! 19.! 43.1 See footnotes at end of table. 68

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees " p Production workers 1 p Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry slaughtering and processing Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products, except bread Sugar and confectionery products Raw cane sugar Cane sugar refining Beet sugar Candy and other confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. food and kindred products 2 21 211 213 215 22 222 226 23 232 233 237 24 241 248 25 251 252,3 26 261 262 263 264 27 28 282 286 29 7,973 1,751.7 45 137.4 9.9 226. 148.8 39.5 6 299. 23.2 122.1 5 128.1 19.5 42.5 21 15 61.4 13. 6.1 1.3 52.4 32.8 18.5 37.2 96.3 19. 7,948 1,719.2 456.7 138.1 9.6 228. 147.8 39.7 6 26.1 21.9 8 5 128.4 19.9 42.7 21 153.5 61.7 112.3 6.8 1 56. 33.5 178.7 37. 95 186.5 7,883 1,762.2 469.3 141.5 93.3 23 153. 4.7 6 31.8 2.8 122.4 61.3 126.2 18.5 42.7 211.8 151.5 6.3 96.3 7.7 51.7 3 18.6 36.8 99.5 189.6 7,843 1,75 468.4 141.5 93.1 23 151.3 6 292.4 22.1 11 58.1 12 18.8 42.7 213.4 151.8 61.6 12.5 1.3 5 3 181.5 3 97.9 18 7,8 1,729. 5,618 1,299.4 38 116.1 7.2 2.1 9 32.2 3 256.7 19.6 17.3 49.8 91.6 13.5 26.7 141.6 93.4 48.2 8.9 3.4 9. 42.4 21.8 8 2 37.2 14.3 5,594 1,267.5 388.7 11 69.9 22.4 9 32.2 3 219.2 18.2 71.7 49.6 91.8 1 26.9 141.9 93.3 48.6 89.2 3.4 13.5 4 22.3 8 2 36.9 13 5,54 1,31. 399.2 119. 72.2 28. 99.1 33.2 3 259.5 17.1 17.3 5 89.1 11.9 26.7 141.4 93.4 48. 7 3.4 6.6 41.4 22.1 8 2 4.1 14.1 Tobacco products Cigarettes 21 211 43.4 29. 4 28.9 41.2 27.5 41.3 27. 41.7 3 22.8 3 22.6 31.5 2.4 Textile mill products Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics Broadwoven fabric mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Weft knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Carpets and rugs Yarn and thread mills Yarn spinning mills Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 67 8.9 67.9 17.8 2 199.1 2 4.8 58. 2 28. 73.2 32.6 2 6 9 7 1 52.6 67 8.8 68.2 17.5 2 199.6 2 41.2 58. 2 27.9 73.5 32.7 2 6 9 73. 1 52.4 653. 79.1 66.7 17.1 23.3 191.1 2 39.8 5 23. 26.6 71.1 31.2 2 63.5 91.1 69.6 1 5. 648.9 78.7 66.3 16.5 22.9 189.4 23.4 39. 5 22.7 26.2 7.7 31.2 2 63. 91. 69.6 1 5.4 645.8 573.3 71.6 57.6 1 2.1 171.5 22. 36.1 5. 21.4 2 6. 26.9 2.4 52.2 8 66.2 12.2 4.9 573.3 71.3 58. 1 2.1 171.9 21.9 3 5. 21.5 2 27. 2.6 52.2 8 6 12.4 4.7 55.9 69.5 5 1 19.5 163.5 2.7 3 46.9 2.1 22. 57.9 2 19.7 51.2 8.4 62.1 12.6 38.6 Apparel and other textile products Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts Men's and boys' trousers and slacks Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and shirts Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee 23 231 232 2321 2325 2326 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 98.3 39.1 26 6.3 81.6 42.3 29 3.3 47.4 3 182.6 98.6 39. 26 6.1 81.5 42.3 296.3 29.9 47.7 33.3 18 911.8 3 249.9 5 77.9 39.5 269.3 26.8 4 32.5 166. 9 3 246.7 5 78.1 38.8 266.6 27.1 4 31. 16 89 82.3 32.6 228.9 51.4 7.8 36.9 246.5 2 37.7J 29. 15 821.7 32.3 228.9 51.2 7.8 37.1 247.3 2 38.2 27. 158.2 753.1 28.3 212. 46.8 6 3 22.6 21.1 3 2 139. See footnotes at end of table. 69

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 p Nondurable goods Continued Apparel and other textile products- Continued Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments Girls' and children's outerwear Girls' and children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 52.5 4.3 12.2 4 19.6 41.1 219.4 21. 57.2 56.3 52.3 4.1 12.2 4 19.5 41.3 219.5 21. 57.5 5 48.9 36.5 12.4 41.2 17.7 38.1 29.9 19.4J 5 5 48.2 35.8 12.4 41.5 17.8 38. 29. 19.5 5 5 4 3 8.8 37.9 16.5) 33.4 179.4 16.6! 48.8 45.8 4 3 8.8 38.1 16.6 3 179.9 16.7 49.2 46. 4.3 31.5 8.8 3 1 31.1 17.6 1 46.2 4 Paper and allied products Paper mills Paperboard mills Paperboard containers and boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers Folding paperboard boxes Misc. converted paper products Paper, coated and laminated, nee Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated Envelopes 26 262 263 265 2653 2656 2657 267 2672 2673 2677 691.3 167.7 49.9 21 126.2 16.1 48.2 246.6 46.5 4.3 2 692.1 166.9 49.8 21 126.9 16.1 48.5 247.3 4 4.6 2 692.6 166.6J 51.41 21J 127.7 15.8 47.9 246.9 47.6 4.4 2 686.6 16 5.6 21 127.8 15.8 47.3 24 46.9 4.5 2 68 52 129.4 38.5 167.5 9 1 39.3 179.3 22.3 3.4 18.4 52 128.4 38.4 168.6 95.8 1 39.6 179.5 22.2 3.4 18.5 525.8 128.4 39.5 167.3 9 1 38.9 18.7 2 18.5 Printing and publishing Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, lithographic Commercial printing, nee Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2752 2759 276 278 279 1,54 45.8 136.2 116.9 81.4 3 83.1 55 36. 172.9 4 71.1 56.8 1,548.6 452.3 136.2 116.8 81.4 3 83. 556.9 361.2 17 4 71.3 57.1 1,552.8 451. 136.7 121.7 8 38.1 81.9 562.6 36 176.2 4 71.7 56. 1,548.4 45.1 136.1 119.1 81.8 37.3 81.3 562.5 36 176.1 4 71. 5 1,547.7 846.7 15 4 6.2 31.3 28.9 39.2 41.2 258.8 12 31.9 5 41.1 849.1 156.6 4 59.7 31.2 28.5 38.6 4 26. 12 31.9 5 41. 85. 156.2 4 6 3 3.9 38.1 4 261. 12 5 39.7 Chemicals and allied products ndustrial inorganic chemicals ndustrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations Toilet preparations Paints and allied products ndustrial organic chemicals Cyclic crudes and intermediates ndustrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products 28 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 284 2841 2842,3 2844 285 286 2865 2869 287 289 1,58.4 132. 8 161.3 76.9 51.7 262.5 212.3 15 42.9 42.7 68.8 57.8 143.1 26.7 11 5 93.3 1,5 131.4 8 158.4 76.3 5.9 261.8 211.8 153.5 43. 42.5 68. 57.8 14 26.5 11 5 9 1,48.3 127.4 79.2 158.6 77.1 49.2 259.7 21.1 15 42.2 42.7 69.3 58.8 14 2 115.8 52.6 92.7 1,41.4 127.2 78.8 156.3 7 49.1 258.3 29. 15 42.2 42.6 69.4 57.9 143.2 26.2 11 52. 92.3 1,39.8 579.5 57.3 37.3 18.6 49. 37.4 121. 1.8 96.2 2 2 46.1 3.3 79.6 1 62.1 3.9 5 577.4 57. 37.1 16.9 48.7 36.9 12.8 1.9 9 2 2 4 3.4 8. 1 62.7 5 586.3 57.5 37.5 1 48.9 36.7 128.2 18.7 9 23.2 2 47.1 31. 81.8 1 6 3.3 5 Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Asphalt paving and roofing materials 29 291 295 152. 19.7 29.5 151.6 19.6 29.2 145.8 1 29.5 14 12.2 28.8 143. 98.9 69.7 22.5 99.1 7.1 22.3 9 66.3 22.3 Rubber and misc. plastics products Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing Rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products, nee 3 31 32 35 352 36 38 962.1 7 11.1 6 2 18.9 72.3 968.1 77. 11.2 6 2 19.2 76.3 967.1 83. 7.6 67. 25.8 18.3 71.2 966.9 82.4 7.4 66.7 25.8 18.3 72.1 967.6 7 5 9.4 49.4 2.2 8 553.5 756.2 5 9.4 49.6 2.2 8 557.5 752.2 6.6 6.2 51.2 2. 8 55.6 See footnotes at end of table. 7

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 j j! p! p Nondurable goods Continued Leather and leather products Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 11 1 57.9 27.4 19.2 11.4 12.7 11 1 57. 27.3 18.7 11.6 12.9 17.9 1 5 26.1 17.9 11. 12. 17.8 1 5 2 18.3 11.1 12.1 17.2 9.7 12.6 47.4 21.2 16.1 8.8 8.7 9. 12.2 46.8 21.2 1 8.9 8.8 8 i 12.11 41 2.5' 1 8.3 8. 8 12. 4 2.4 1 8.4 8.2J Transportation and public utilities 6,95 6,117 6,197 6,25 6,279 5,14 5,123 5,188 5,239 Transportation 3,856 3,874 3,914 3,979 4,4 Railroad transportation Class railroads plus Amtrak 2 4 411 242.8 216.2 242. 21 239.2 212.8 238.5 212. 237.2 Local and interurban passenger transit Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs ntercity and rural bus transportation School buses 41 411 412 413 415 429.8 2 31.8 2 138.4 437.1 26. 32. 2 143. 391.8 22 3 2 76.5 469.6 227.9 3 2 148.6 478.3 39 18 21.6 41.9 187.1 21.3 35 2 22.1 432.7 26.8 22.9 Trucking and warehousing Trucking and courier services, except air... Public warehousing and storage 42 421 422 1,847.5 1,696.8 146.1 1,857.8 1,72.7 15.4 1,96.1 1,752. 148.4 1,89 1,736. 152.7 1,91 1,67.1 1,479.8 123.2 1,61 1,48 126.9 1,662.2 1,533. 12 1,649.3 1,516.3 127.9 Water transportation Water transportation of freight, nee Water transportation services 44 444 449 171.5 12.8 111.8 167.3 12.7 19.2 163.3 13. 18.7 159.7 12.9 16.5 15 99.4 97. 96.6 9 Transportation by air Air transportation, scheduled Air transportation, scheduled Airports, flying fields, and services 45 451 4512 458 747.7 66.3 48 1 747.6 6 477.9 1 769.9 612.6 478.8 11 771.5 61 478.1 113.4 77 Pipelines, except natural gas 46 17.6 17.8 16.5 16.3 16.2 1 1 13.3 13. Transportation services Passenger transportation arrangement Travel agencies Freight transportation arrangement 47 472 4724 473 399.1 197.6 158.3 162.8 4 199.1 159.6 165.8 427.4 198.3 158.6 19. 429.4 197.1 157.5 192.8 427.9 31 157.6 12 126.3 32. 159.4 126.8 128.8 34.3 161.3 128.4 147. 342.8 16.8 128.2 149.6 Communications and public utilities 2,239 2,243 2,283 2,271 2,275 Communications Telephone communications Telephone communications, except radio Radio and television broadcasting Radio broadcasting stations Television broadcasting stations Cable and other pay television services 48 481 4813 483 4832 4833 484 1,317.2 912.8 83.2 238.2 115.8 122.4 146.1 1,32 917.8 833.3 239. 116.2 122.8 147.6 1,371.4 947.6 85.1 248.5 118.9 129.6 159.9 1,368.5 943.4 84 249.3 119.2 13.1 161. 1,373.4 1,12.5 679.6 618.3 199.1 123.1 1,19.6 68 621.9 2.5 12 1,6.8 78.7 63 28.8 13 1,59. 75.8 632.8 29.4 13 Electric, gas, and sanitary services Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 49 491 492 493 495 921.5 413.1 158.2 177.1 142.6 918.8 411.7 157.8 175.8 143.3 911.6 47.7 15 169.3 148.8 92.3 42.4 151.4 168.7 148.9 91.6 726.9 321.9 122.5 136.3 122.4 72 321.2 122.2 13 122.7 719.8 317.8 119.9 129.6 128.1 711.4 313.3 117.2 129.2 127.8 Wholesale trade 6,198 6,216 6,374 6,363 6,377 5,4 5,23 5,174 5,159 Durable goods Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies Automobiles and other motor vehicles Motor vehicle supplies and new parts Furniture and home furnishings Furniture Home furnishings 5 51 512 513 52 521 523 3,563 476.5 121.3 281.7 142.9 6 77.8 3,574 478.8 122.5 282.1 14 6 78.3 3,694 498.2 128.8 291.6 151.3 69.5 81.8 3,685 496.3 129. 289.8 15.8 69. 81.8 3,695 2,85 386.6 112.8 2,862 388.7 11 2,975 45.8 2,962 4 12.5 12.6 See footnotes at end of table. 71

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 i p Wholesale trade Continued Durable goods Continued Lumber and other construction materials Lumber, plywood, and millwork Construction materials, nee Professional and commercial equipment Office equipment Computers, peripherals and software Medical and hospital equipment Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Electrical apparatus and equipment Electrical appliances, television and radio sets Electronic parts and equipment Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment Hardware Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies Machinery, equipment, and supplies Construction and mining machinery Farm and garden machinery ndustrial machinery and equipment ndustrial supplies Misc. wholesale trade durable goods Scrap and waste materials 53 531 539 54 544 545 547 55 56 563 564 565 57 572 574 58 582 583 584 585 59 593 23! 121.8J 37.5 767.2) 186.61 27J 168.2 13 461 198.8J 5.11 21 28.71 98.11 112.4 753.5 77.7! 11! 32.1) 143.51 38.61 116.8J 23 122.5 38.3 768.4 187.4 27 168.6 13 466.6 199.7 5.7 216.2 281.3 98.7 112.4 753. 78. 11 3 142.3 31.7 117.9 243.4 12 39.1 79 19 281.5 17 14.7 477.4 29.2 49.7 218.5 29.7 12. 11 773. 8.8 118.3 312.4 146.1 32 127.3 242.2 12 38.9 797.9 195.8 283.1 17 14.5 476.6 28.4 49.8 218.4 289.1 11.7 11 768. 8.7 116. 31.6 146. 32 127.3 192.4 612.9 137.5 18.8 363.2 227. 597.5 248.9 19 615.8 138.5 18.8 36 227.4 596.6 251.4 2.8 642.1 23 616.1 26 199.8; 642.6 143.2 141 113.5J 113.2J 37! 37! 233.4 61.6 263.51 Nondurable goods Paper and paper products Stationery and office supplies Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Groceries, general line Meats and meat products Fresh fruits and vegetables Farm-product raw materials Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Petroleum bulk stations and terminals Petroleum products, nee Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Beer and ale Wine and distilled beverages Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods Farm supplies 51 511 5112 512 513 514 5141 5147 5148 515 516 517 5171 5172 518 5181 5182 519 5191 2,6351 25 i 14.6 197.8 211 886.9) 28.6 61.2J 11.6 11! 139.3J 16J 66.8 97.7 151.3 98.8 j 52.5 512.2 159.9! 2,642 25 14. 198.3 21 88 279.5 61.7 18.1 12.5 139.8 16 66.6 98.5 151. 98.3 52.7 51 158.3 2,68 269. 148.4 19 21 892.6 28 61.7 12.7 111.1 138.2 167.4 67.6 99.8 157.1 12.8 5 53 16 2,678 268.7 148.3 19 216.3 89 282.9 61.4 18. 113.2 137.8 166.7 67.3 99.4 15 11.1 5 5 16 2,682 2,154 27.7 162.2 168.3 74 9 1 133.3 123. 41 2,161 28.5 162.6 168.7 741.4 99.5 16.1 13 122.6 418.3 2,199 222.4 162.4 17.9 749.1 9.9 1 138.2 128.2 432.4 2,197 222.91 161. 172.21 751.9 92.5 13.5 137.8 126. 429.31 Retail trade 2,647 2,62 21,17 2,966 2,932 18,175 18,141 18,489 18,421 Building materials and garden supplies Lumber and other building materials Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores Hardware stores Retail nurseries and garden stores 52 521 523 525 526 84 51.4 66.7 159.8 8 842.4 498.7 66.3 1 8 87.8 512.3 67.7 16 89.3 857.9 5 66.7 16 86.3 857.8 7 427.7 51.7 131.8 68.7 7 425.8 51.6 132.4 69.6 728.2 43 52.8 13 73.2 71 428.8 52.1 13J 7.4 General merchandise stores Department stores Variety stores Miscellaneous general merchandise stores Food stores Grocery stores Meat and fish markets Dairy products stores Retail bakeries Automotive dealers and service stations New and used car dealers 53 531 533 539 54 541 542 545 546 55 551 2,538.2 2,213.1 138.5 186.6 3,291.7 2,932.3 46.5 17. 176.9 2,161.1 98.8 2,59 2,262.5 141.8 19.4 3,33.1 2,94.1 46.5 17.1 178.4 2,161.1 98 2,492.5 2,181.8 13 17 3,38 3,9.2 48.4 1 181.9 2,24 1,7.9 2,52 2,21 137.4 173.4 3,36 2,989.1 48.9 1 18 2,237.7 1,11.2 2,591.5 2,278.1 3,376.9 2,239.7 1,1 2,369.4 2,82.5 122.3 16 2,99 2,68 156.5 1,82.3 819.6 2,42 2,13.1 12 168. 3,6.1 2,692.8 157.9 1,82.1 822.2 2,319.9 2,49.7 119.1 151.1 3,8.3 2,758.6 16.3 1,871.3 841.3 2,349.7 2,79.71 12.6 149.41 3,58.41 2,738.6 162. 1,863.1 84 See footnotes at end of table. 72

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry Retail trade Continued Automotive dealers and service stations Continued Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations Automotive dealers, nee 1987 SC Code 553 554 559 371.3 638.1 7.4 371.8 63 7.3 All employees 39 65 7.1 p 39 648.4 7. p Production workers 1 j ;! j p 4. 1 29 296.5J 31; 31 549.8! 547.6 j 56; 558.2 6.3! 6.11! 5.8 p Apparel and accessory stores Men's and boys' clothing stores Women's clothing stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 56 561 562 565 566 1,121. 1,131.4 86.2! 88.1 33 341.1 321.6 32 23.5 2 1,92.9 81.8 33 31. 27.3 1,6 8.5 327.8 29.6 22. 1,73.5 91 69.4 269.6 273.4 159.6 92 71.1 27 276.3 16.7 891.1! 65.8! 268.9i 258.! 162.5J 863.4! 6J 26! 247.7i 157.6! Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture stores Household appliance stores Radio, television, and computer stores Radio, television, and electronic stores Record and prerecorded tape stores 57 571 5712 572 573 5731 5735 897.3 48.7 29.1 77.5 339.1 146.7 73.2 91 489.1 29 78.2 347.3 151. 75.8 94 5.8 299.9 7 367. 157.8 77.7 948.7 499.8 3.6 7 373. 1 78.3 959.5 727.4 39.4 62.9 27 122.1 5 742.7 397.6 63.4 281.7 12 58.1 761.1 i 76 4! 42.4 61.8! 29! 13.3! 57.5J 61.5: 32.! 132.6! 58.8! Eating and drinking places 58 7,232.3 7,69.7 7,417. 7,369.5 7,26.5 6,53 6,368.5; 6,72.9! 6,642.9! Miscellaneous retail establishments Drug stores and proprietary stores Liquor stores Used merchandise stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Sporting goods and bicycle shops Book stores Stationery stores Jewelry stores Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops Sewing, needlework, and piece goods Nonstore retailers Catalog and mail-order houses Merchandising machine operators Fuel dealers Retail stores, nee Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands Optical goods stores Miscellaneous retail stores, nee 59 591 592 593 594 5941 5942 5943 5944 5947 5949 596 5961 5962 598 599 5992,3,4 5995 5999 2,561.9 596.7 112.8 93.4 9 172.2 111.4 7 13 2 61.3 31 191.2 71.5 95.8 44 13 6 24 2,63. 61.4 113. 9 918.9 17 16. 7 137.4 27.9 61.4 327.9 2 71.6 97.9 448.8 139.6 6 24 2,571.5 6 112.2 97.7 9.2 17 16.1 78.1 131.1 211.9 5 31.2 176.8 7.4 9 458.7 1 6 25 2,598.5 6 112.1 99.1 917.5 17 117.8 77.4 133. 29.2 57.7 39. 18 7.3 96. 459.3 141.2 6 25 2,626.8 2,127.7 498.2 77.4 751.9 2,167.91 2,13 52.! 53.3 79.6! 766.1! 266.9! 28. 78.8 363.2 8.7 367.6 5.8 j 5.8 196.9 197.1 82. 746.21 - i 2,161.3 53.41 83.2! 76 j 25 262.7! 78.3! 78.3! 377.9! 378.3! 51.9 2 52.21 21 Finance, insurance, and real estate 3 6,957 6,919 7,3 6,972 6,959 5,6 5,27 5,146! 5,85: 5,69 Finance 3,321 3,39 3,332 3,311 3,313 Depository institutions Commercial banks State commercial banks National and commercial banks, nee Savings institutions Federal savings institutions Savings institutions, except federal Credit unions 6 62 622 621,9 63 635 636 66 2,7.4 1,491.7 67.5 88 31.7 158. 14 151.2 2,6 1,49.1 66.3 88 298.2 156.3 141.9 151.8 2,6 1,5.6 616. 88 281.2 149.7 131.5 157. 2,46.3 1,486.8 69.5 877.3 277.8 147.7 13.1 156.7 2,41.1 1,483.1 27 1,493.4 1,59. 435.8 623.2 12. 1,487.9 1,57.4 43 622.3 12.8 1,488.1 1,472.! 1,67. j 1,5! 44 i 437.5 j 622.8 616.9! 12 12! Nondepository institutions Personal credit institutions Business credit institutions Mortgage bankers and brokers 61 614 615 616 492.4 136.5 86.2 248.5 486.6 136.7 86.5 241.6 489.9 143.4 9.7 231.9 488.5 143.3 9.9 23.3 49 232.7 36.9 99.3 35! 99.3! 35 1 35! 1! Security and commodity brokers Security brokers and dealers Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and exchanges Security and commodity services 62 621 622,3 628 52 4.7 2 1.3 52 399.3 2 1. 533.3 4 26.1 1.8 531.3 4 26.! 99.8 53.1 6 65.8 66.6J 6! Holding and other investment offices Holding offices 67 671 232.9 1 233. 1 24 19.8 241 19.5 247.8 See footnotes at end of table. 73

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 p Finance, insurance, and real estate Continued nsurance 63,64 2,232 2,232 2,253 2,246 2,247 nsurance carriers Life insurance Medical service and health insurance Hospital and medical service plans Fire, marine, and casualty insurance Title insurance 63 631 632 6324 633 636 1,542.9 572.6 291 23 542. 69. 1,54.5 571.6 297.8 23 541.4 67.1 1,54 566.5 31 251.9 538.9 62.5 1,54.1 56 31 253.3 535.8 62.6 1,54.1 1,86.2 376. 239.9 19 362. 1,86.9 376.3 241.2 19 362.9 1,16.6 38.7 258.3 21.5 36 1,1.2 37 26. 212. 363.1 nsurance agents, brokers, and service 64 689.5 691.2 78.1 7 76.8 Real estate Real estate operators and lessors Real estate agents and managers Subdividers and developers 65 651 653 655 1,44 587.2 667.3 11 1,378 57 656.1 112.5 1,445 596.5 698.6 12. 1,415 58 686.1 11 1,399 Services 31,935 32,47 33,219 33,182 33,326 27,936 28,52 29,64 29,18 Agricultural services Veterinary services Landscape and horticultural services 7 74 78 66.8 15 4 598.8 15 396.2 643.2 16 428.7 621.2 162.1 411.2 616. 513.1 128.9 34 5 129.3 337.4 54 138.8 36 522.7 136. 347.5 Hotels and other lodging places Hotels and motels 7 71 1,67.4 1,619.8 1,62.6 1,557.4 1,76. 1,677.3 1,672.5 1,618.4 1,636.8 1,428.1 1,372.9 1,482.9 1,42 Personal services Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Photographic studios, portrait Beauty shops Funeral service and crematories Miscellaneous personal services 72 721 722 723 726 729 1,11 42 78. 386.' 88.5 118. 1,11 428.2 81.1 386.7 88.3 113. 1,1.7 432.2 76.8 381.3 89.3 1 1,18.5 431.4 81. 379.3 89. 111.3 1,112.2 376.7 34 97.8 379.4 34 93.5 382.2 341.4 87.5 38.3 339.91 93.21 Business services Advertising Advertising agencies Credit reporting and collection Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services Photocopying and duplicating services Services to buildings Disinfecting and pest control services Building maintenance services, nee Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing Medical equipment rental Heavy construction equipment rental Equipment rental and leasing, nee Personnel supply services Employment agencies Help supply services Computer and data processing services Computer programming services Prepackaged software Computer integrated systems design Data processing and preparation nformation retrieval services Computer maintenance and repair Miscellaneous business services Detective and armored car services Security systems services Photofinishing laboratories 73 731 7311 732 733 7334 734 7342 7349 735 7352 7353 7359 736 7361 7363 737 7371 7372 7373 7374 7375 7378 738 7381 7382 7384 6,438.1 226.1 152.8 11 258.1 63.2 86 82.9 782.7 22.9 3 4.7 146. 2,39 26 2,129.9 963. 21.6 157.4 116.8 213.2 49.1 42.6 1,39 51 4 7.9 6,526.7 227.2 15 11 262.6 6 862.8 81.4 781.4 221.5 3 41. 146. 2,453.1 268.7 2,18 97.5 213. 156.5 117.9 216.1 49.3 42.6 1,413.1 518.1 4 7 6,75 24 166.6 12.9 276.6 67.8 892.1 87.2 8 237.8 39. 4 15 2,476. 28.6 2,19 1,61.9 24.1 176.6 127.1 232. 5 42.7 1,44 53 48.5 68.8 6,83.4 24 166.9 12.5 279.4 67.4 89.5 86.3 8 239.1 39.2 4 15 2,532.4 286.7 2,24 1,67.5 241.4 178.4 127.1 232.8 56.5 42.9 1,456.8 54.9 48.8 7.7 6,889.2 886.8 2,561.8 2,276. 1,76.7 5,749.2 16 52.1 77 6 711.2 177.2 27. 3 11 2,73.2 779.2 177. 88.5 37.7 3 1,221.6 479.4 38.7 5,83 16 52.3 77 6 71.1 177.8 27.2 3 11 2,126.3 78 179.1 89.1 37.7 3 1,241.3 481.6 38.5 6,2.3 178.5 5 8.1 7.2 729.9 192.7 31.2 37.4 12 2,13 85 22.8 9 42.4 3 1,268.7 49 4.8 6,9 178.3 5 799.2 69.1 73.1 19 31.5 38.4 12 2,18 859.4 23.3 9 43.1 3 1,277.5 52.5 41.3 Auto repair, services, and parking Automotive rentals, without drivers Passenger car rental Automobile parking Automotive repair shops Automotive and tire repair shops General automotive repair shops 75 751 7514 752 753 7532,4 7538 988. 18. 11 62.7 552.2 192.3 23.2 989.8 179.6 113.4 62.6 553.1 192.2 231.3 1,36.9 191.2 121.5 6 578.3 23.2 239. 1,31.6 191.4 122. 6 57 22.5 236.9 1,39.8 816.5 148. 9 5 448.6 159.4 186.7 817.8 147.4 9 5 449.9 159.5 187.7 85 157.6 11.6 57.6 467.5 167.5 191.5 85.4 157.5 12. 56.9 462.9 166.5 189.5 See footnotes at end of table. 74

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees p p Production workers 1 p Services Continued Auto repair, services, and parking Continued Automotive services, except repair Carwashes 754 7542 193.1 19.1 19 19.3 22.5 111.1 22.2 112. 16 9 16 95.8 172.7 97. 173.1 98.3 Miscellaneous repair services Electrical repair shops 76 762 33 16.1 337.2 16.1 346.2 11.3 34 19.1 34 271.8 27 282.4 28.6 Motion pictures Motion picture production and services Motion picture theaters Video tape rental 78 781 783 784 481.2 21 111. 13 49 233.1 18.2 13 6 31 128.1 141.9 59.5 31 116.2 138.6 58 398.6 177.8 11.4 41.7 56.3 192.3 263.5 11.3 115.8 491. 262.5 112.8 Amusement and recreation services Bowling centers Misc. amusement and recreation services Physical fitness facilities Membership sports and recreation clubs 79 793 799 7991 7997 1,43 87.3 1,61.3 141.9 34 1,29 89.7 93 139.5 32.5 1,738.5 71.5 1,351.2 159.2 44 1,577.2 8 1,181.4 159.8 381.7 1,457. 1,258.5 77.9 931.3 127.3 32.7 1,127.2 8.3 812.6 12 263.3 1,54 62.8 1,2 141.6 39 1,388.1 76.5 1,39.1 141.7 33 Health services Offices and clinics of medical doctors Offices and clinics of dentists Offices and clinics of other health practitioners Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists Nursing and personal care facilities Skilled nursing care facilities ntermediate care facilities Nursing and personal care, nee Hospitals General medical and surgical hospitals Psychiatric hospitals Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric Medical and dental laboratories Home health care services 8 81 82 84 841,2 85 851 852 859 86 862 863 869 87 88 9,5 1,547.7 577.6 38 157.8 1,661.3 1,232.8 26.1 222.4 3,776.7 3,472.4 98.7 2 193.1 572.8 9,77.1 1,55 579.5 389.6 159.5 1,662.8 1,23 26. 223.1 3,778.5 3,47 98.8 2 19 577.1 9,326.3 1,599. 6 412.8 168.4 1,7 1,26 212. 228.5 3,829.6 3,528.1 9 2 2 617.8 9,322.2 1,597.6 63.3 416.8 168.5 1,7 1,26 211.7 228.3 3,822.9 3,523. 9 2 22.6 62.3 9,349. 1,61.9 1,77.7 3,832.1 622. 8,12.9 1,26.7 5 317.3 1,497.8 18 3,45.6 529.2 8,33.4 1,266.3 5 32.9 1,499.5 18 3,452.5 533.2 8,261.2 1,3 527.7 34.5 1,537.2 19.9 3,53. 3,49 571.9 8,25 1,32.8 527.1 343.2 1,537.1 19.4 573.4 Legal services 81 921.8 92 937.3 92 926.7 736.6 738.6 749.7 737.6 Educational services Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities Vocational schools 82 821 822 824 1,86.5 547.4 1,49.2 7 1,966. 561.8 1,187.2 77.2 1,627.7 51 878.7 77.9 1,85 56 1,6.9 8. 2,29.9 Social services ndividual and family services Job training and related services Child day care services Residential care Social services, nee 83 832 833 835 836 839 2,2.1 591.3 297.1 51 66.9 19.6 2,219.9 59 297.3 52 61.7 192.8 2,246.3 61 31 478.4 641.7 19 2,28 611.1 3 532.9 63 198.3 2,3.1 538.9 637.5 1,9 512.2 25.5 452.9 527.4 161.3 1,92 516.6 251.3 462.1 53.6 163.,946.8 53 269.2 419.6 557.4 167. 1,978.6 529.9 26. 469.1 55.6 169. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens 84 81.5 8.8 88.8 8 82.9 Membership organizations Business associations Professional organizations Labor organizations Civic and social associations 86 861 862 863 864 2, 1 5 141.8 397.5 2,56.8 13.2 5 141.9 4 2,13.2 12.5 5 13.4 457.5 2,4 11.6 5 132.9 46.6 2,48.1 38.2 38.3 39.1 39. Engineering and management services Engineering and architectural services Engineering services Architectural services Surveying services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping 87 871 8711 8712 8713 872 2,581. 788.9 61 123. 51.4 52.8 2,588.3 786.3 611.9 123.2 51.2 5 2,73.5 817.3 63 129. 5 519.11 2,718.6 81.4 629.7 126.7 5 521.2 2,737.5 81 1,982.7 649.6 51.9 9 43. 36 1,987.4 646.6 58.2 95.8 42.6 366.6 2,11.7 67 529.2 1.6 4 376.51 2,8 667.8 52 98.2 4! 37! See footnotes at end of table. 75

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued (n thousands) ndustry 1987 SC Code All employees i p p Production workers 1 p " Services Continued Engineering and management services Continued Research and testing services Commercial physical research Commercial nonphysical research Noncommercial research organizations Management and public relations Management services Management consulting services Public relations services 873 8731 8732 8733 874 8741 8742 8743 561.9 227. 11 13 727.4 25 24 32.1 56 226.9 116.9 13 732.1 257.8 24 32.4 57 22.4 12 14.7 818.4 287.5 281.3 3 56 217.9 122. 13 822.9 29. 28 3 82 431.4 166.5 91.3 1 537.9 181.8 182.7 22.3 43 167.1 93.2 1 5 183.4 183.2 22.3 44! 16.51 11.3 11.1) 6 j 23.5 212.4 23.2 43 158. 98.7 1 67.2 2 213.1 22.4 Services, nee 89 4.6 4.9 41.8 41.7 42. 32.1 32.5 33.1 33.1 Government 18,959 19,466 18,9 19,55 19,577 Federal Government 4 2,863 2,844 2,839 2,817 2,792 Executive, by agency 4 Department of Defense Postal Service 5 Other executive agencies Legislative Judicial Federal Government, except Postal Service 2,799.8 817.3 818.8 1,16 3 27.7 2,4 2,781.3 88.4 823.3 1,149.6 3 27.7 2,2.7 2,776.9 781. 841. 1,15 3 28.5 1,998.2 1,97 1,951.2 Federal Government, by industry: Manufacturing activities Ship building and repairing Transportation and public utilities, except Postal Service Services Hospitals 3731 86 73. 39.1 23.3 386.1 232 72.4 38.2 22.3 381.1 232 6 33. 21.1 386.6 234 6 32.2 2.9 38 232 State government Hospitals Education General administration, including executive, legislative, and judicial functions State government, except education Local government Transportation and public utilities Hospitals Education General administration, including executive, legislative, and judicial functions Local government, except education 86 82 86 82 4,539. 42.4 1,831.6 1,79 2,77 4,77. 41.5 2,17.8 1,78 2,689 (11,557. OH 1,9111,97.11,69112,77. 457.3 676.3 456.5J 676.9! 457.5i 69.1 i 452.7 687.8 6,36.1 6,79.9 5,471.9! 6,47! 6,96. 3,646.7 3,58 5,196.9 5,12 4,34 389.6 1,622.7 1,819.6 2,722 3,829.7 5,43 4,54 387.7 1,85 1,8 2,689 4,78. 2,39.7 2,668 3,648. 5,217.7 5,17.5 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $25 million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak. 3 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents. 4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude the Central ntelligence Agency and the National Security Agency. 5 ncludes rural mail carriers. - Data not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April forward are subject to revision. 76

ESTABLSHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group (n thousands) ndustry July June July Total 54,299 54,462 56,516 55,466 Total private 44,775 44,993 45,929 45,764 Goods-producing 6,611 6,716 6,689 6,69 Mining 87 87 83 82 Construction 564 568 596 63 Manufacturing. 5,96 6,61 6,1 5,924 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment. Transportation equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 2,739 126 153 14 98 33 43 655 345 351 174 2,774 128 155 16 99 38 434 665 354 35 177 2,812 129 155 17 12 317 44 68 357 347 178 2,769 128 151 14 11 311 435 674 348 346 172 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products 3,221 565 11 317 723 169 689 338 25 322 61 3,287 591 14 321 745 169 691 338 26 328 64 3,198 552 1 311 74 166 72 334 25 332 61 3,155 567 1 34 672 167 699 333 25 323 56 Service-producing 47,688 47,746 49,827 48,857 Transportation and public utilities. 1,75 1,758 1,844 1,82 Wholesale trade 1,883 1,89 1,944 1,943 Retail trade 1,824 1,89 11,11 1,988 Finance, insurance, and real estate 4,425 4,42 4,49 4,421 Services 19,282 19,319 2,32 19,983 Government. Federal State Local 9,524 1,22 2,157 6,165 9,469 1,2 2,154 6,115 1,587 1,199 9,72 1,198 NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April forward are subject to revision. 77

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry (n thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area p? Alabama Birmingham.. Huntsville Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa.. 1,763.4 43.9 161.8 2 146.9 71.3 1,762.7 433.2 161.8 28.3 147.8 71.9 1,772.7 436.7 163.3 28.5 147.6 72. 1.4 3.1 V) O O 1.9 3.3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2.7 1.9 3.3 2.7 8 22.5 6.1 1 7.3 87.3 22.9 6.1 1 8.1 Alaska Anchorage. 27 12 28.6 126.2 27 12 11.2 3.2 1.ol 2.9 1. 2.8 1 8.1 16.2 8.6 Arizona Phoenix-Mesa. Tucson 1,712.6 1,15 298.7 1,731.7 1,178. 29 1,772.7 1,26. 31.5 12.3 2.6 13.! 3. 12.9 2.9 113.4 78.8 19.3 11 81.6 19. Arkansas Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers. Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff 1,58.1 127. 91.5 28 3 1,71.8 13.4 91. 291.2 3 1,86.5 131.6 9.8 293.4 3 ( 1 ) V) 3.3 3.3 4 13.5.8 47.1 5.8 3.4 1.7 California Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Modesto Oakland Orange County Riverside-San Bernardino Sacramento Salinas San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc. Santa Rosa Stockton-Lodi Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Ventura 12,197.7 169. 261.6 3,79.1 127.2 87 1,131.4 746.8 566.6 18.5 949.7 91.7 79.3 142.2 148.4 162.5 142.8 229.8 12,2 16 26 3,7 132.3 87.6 1,128.4 74 569.9 17.8 95.2 95.8 799.6 141.1 147.6 16 142.1 231.9 12.332.2 168.2 26 3,731.5 128.5 872.6 1,136.7 75 569.9 18.1 953.4 98.2 796.1 141.4 151.2 16 142.9 232.7 32.5 11..6 6.8 2.8 1.1 1.3.5.2.4 61.1 1..6.1.5 1 3.3 11..6 6. 2.7 1. 1.3.6.2.4.7.1 1..6.1.5 1.8 3. 1.7.6 6. 2 ) 2.6 1. 1.3 6.2.4.7.1 1..6.1.5 1.9 491.6 9.1 1 17.4 6.2 41.3 49.2 4.8 27.7 4.6 28.2 27.9 7.7 6.6 8.5 1.5 516.8 8.9 1 11 6.7 42. 49.6 4 27.2 4 28.7 3.9 8.5 6.5 9.5 11. Colorado Boulder-Longmont. Denver 1,767.9 14 949.5 1,82.3 146.1 97.4 1,813.1 148.5 97 1 1 V) 7.9 1 7.7 13.2 6.3 52.2 1 6.8 5 Connecticut Bridgeport Danbury Hartford New Haven-Meriden... New London-Norwich. Stamford-Norwalk Waterbury 1,559.6 179.5 82.2 59.1 241.3 129.6 186.3 82. 1,53 177.3 82.2 571.8 23 131. 18 81.3 1,55 178. 82.9 58 238.3 13.1 18 82.1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) V) V) O.8.8 5 3.1 21.5 8.4 3.2 5 3.3 2.7 7.9 3.3 Delaware Dover Wilmington-Newark. 359. 49. 278.2 368.8 49.4 281.2 368.2 49.7 281.5 18.2 2.5 1 19.3 2.8 1 District of Columbia. Washington PMSA... 657.3 2,387. 63 2,37 641.5 2,398.7 1. 119.2 1.5 122. Florida Daytona Beach Fort Lauderdale Fort Myers-Cape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville Lakeland-Winter Haven Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay Miami Orlando Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton 5,8 142. 562.4 137.1 17.3 461.5 159.1 168.3 97.1 693.4 142.8 2 139.7 959.9 382.9 5,91.2 14 579. 139.7 16.6 468.1 16.7 171.1 91 722.2 142.3 21 138.7 98 389.6 6, 147.2 588.5 141.9 111.6 476.3 16 172.1 92 732.6 14 216.1 143.5 1,.3 396.8 {2), (*)* (? ) / ' 3 7. 32.2 11.3 2 7.9 8.8 3 37.7 9.3 9.9 47. 22. 38.2 7.6 33.5 11.8 2 8.1 8.3 3 39.1 8.9 9.6 4 2 See footnotes at end of table. 78

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry- Continued (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED State and area Manufacturing p Transportation and public utilities? Wholesale and retail trade p Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa 39.4 52.7 37.4 27.7 17.7 1.4 383.2 52. 37.8 27. 16.6 1.5 38 52.4 38.3 27. 16.3 1.2 87.2 3.3 3.3 12.1 6.2 2.3 86. 29.1 3.1 12.2 6.1 2.3 85.8 29. 3.1 12.3 6.1 2.3 39 1 5 3 1 4 17. 31.7 56.6 3 16.3 45.8 17.6 31.9 5 3 16.2 Alaska Anchorage 19.1 2.1 2 2.6 18.6 2.2 2 13.3 2 13. 2 12.8 55.8 29.5 58.1 3.2 56.9 3.2 Arizona Phoenix-Mesa Tucson 19 151.1 27.3 22.1 156.7 28.1 22.4 157.3 28. 87. 61.4 13.5 89. 61.9 1 89.2 62. 1 412.5 276.7 67.8 42 288.4 68.5 428.7 291. 69.2 Arkansas Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff 259.5 3 28.3 3 7.5 262.3 3 27.7 36.8 7.7 261.3 3 27.4 36.5 7.8 61. 8.5 5.8 18.4 2. 62.8 9. 6.2 18.7 1.9 6 9. 6.2 18.8 1.9 238.4 3 18.3 66.7 7.3 246.7 35.8 17.8 68.2 7.3 247.4 36. 17.8 68.5 7.3 California Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Modesto Oakland Orange County Riverside-San Bernardino Sacramento Salinas San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc Santa Rosa Stockton-Lodi Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Ventura 1,796.8 9.6 32. 637.9 11.7 26.6 87.6 37.1 9.5 111.5 7 227.8 16.9 21.2 26.3 1 29.4 1,8.2 9.4 33.1 62 3 13. 2 87.7 4.9 8.9 11.2 7 23.4 16.1 2.9 28.6 1 28.1 1,79 9.4 32.6 627.1 31.4 12.3 2 88. 4.4 9. 19.9 7 229.8 16.8 21.4 26.9 1 28.3 621.2 8.5 12.9 21.2 56.3 39.4 38.5 2 35.8 7 2 11.4 6.1 1.9 62 8.3 13. 199.9 56.1 41.3 39.5 2 36.7 73.2 2 12. 6. 11.4 626.7 8.3 13. 2.5 5 41.3 39.6 2 36.7 72.8 2 11.9 6. 11.6 2,827.5 4.8 6 81 3.5 2 28.8 197.1 128.1 29.4 22 191.6 157.6 3 38.3 39.2 37. 56.7 2,848.1 4. 63.4 82.5 3.3 27.2 28 199.1 128.3 29.1 226.2 19 158.6 3 38.5 4. 37.7 57.7 2,85 4. 6 822.7 3.3 27.2 28 199.7 128.2 29.1 22 19 158.7 3 39.2 39.7 37.8 57.6 Colorado Boulder-Longmont Denver 192.8 3.2 89.8 19 3.2 9. 19 3.3 9. 17.1 7 11.1 79.3 11.4 79.3 432. 231. 449.4 32.8 242.2 45.7 33.2 24.4 Connecticut Bridgeport Danbury Hartford New Haven-Meriden New London-Norwich Stamford-Norwalk Waterbury 28 42.8 19.7 9 28.6 29.2 18.2 277.9 4.8 19.4 9.1 4. 27.6 27.7 17.5 281.2 4.8 19.5 91.6 4.7 27.4 27.6 18. 71.4 7.1 2.9 2 16.5 8.7 3.3 68.9 2.7 2 16. 5.8 8.4 3.4 71.7 6.5 3. 2 16. 8.6 3.3 337.5 4. 21.3 122.9 49.1 27.6 42.9 16. 337. 21. 122.9 49.6 29.3 42.6 16.5 337.5 4.7 2.8 123.5 49.1 28.7 42.3 16.2 Delaware Dover Wilmington-Newark 6 6.6 47.8 62.3 6.2 4 61.1 6.3 4 1 1.7 13.5 1 1.6 1 1 1.7 1 79.9 12.6 56.9 8 12.8 58.3 8 12.8 58.5 District of Columbia Washington PMSA 13.2 93.5 13.1 9 13.2 9 21. 11.4 2.4 19.3 2.2 18.5 52.9 449.7 52.8 462.4 53.2 46.3 Florida Daytona Beach Fort Lauderdale Fort Myers-Cape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville Lakeland-Winter Haven Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay Miami Orlando Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater... West Palm Beach-Boca Raton 483.1 13.5 41.8 3 2.1 28.6 79.6 49.4 11.3 19. 87.9 3.3 48 1 41.6 6. 3 2.1 28.3 8.1 52.9 11.2 19.6 87.4 29.8 48 1 41.9 3 2.2 28.4 8.1 53. 11.3 19.4 87.3 29.9 29 26.7 6. 2. 31.8 8.4 7 38.6 6.5 3.3 42.6 1 27.9 6.2 1.9 31.5 8.4 76.8 39.6 6.3 3.4 43.5 1 3. 27.9 6.2 1.9 32. 8.4 76.6 39.7 6.3 3.4 4 1 1,49.9 4.1 157.5 37.6 22.8 11 43. 38.5 23 169.1 3 51. 29.8 238.6 11.2 1,542.5 42.4 16 38. 23. 116.8 4 4.9 239.3 17 3 52.6 3.5 248.7 1 1,54 42.4 16 38.2 23.5 11 4 41.2 239.8 17 3 52.5 31.2 248.7 16. See footnotes at end of table. 79

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate ^ Services c: Government Alabama Birmingham.. Huntsville Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa.. 77.1 8.9 8.5 2.2 77.4 3.9 9.1 8.5 2.3 77. 9.1 8.5 2.3 376.7 119.4 4.6 5 36.5 11.9 383.3 121.9 4.4 5 36.9 12.6 38 122.3 4.7 5 37.2 12.8 34.8 67. 39.1 32.4 36.5 22.2 33.5 66.1 38.2 31.7 36.9 2.6 Alaska Anchorage. 12.4 7.4 12.5 7.5 12.5 7.4 61.3 32.5 6 33.5 62.4 33. 7 28.7 7.9 27.9 Arizona Phoenix-Mesa. Tucson 111.7 91.3 12.1 11.6 91.4 11.7 11.9 91.4 11.9 48 33 88.6 51. 348.9 89.4 5 352.5 9.2 29 15 67.5 27 14 61. Arkansas Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers. Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff 42.2 3. 17. 1.4 43.5 3. 17.5 1.4 43.2 3. 17.4 1.4 23 2 22.1 79. 8. 243.1 2 23. 82.1 8.1 24 2 22.4 81.7 8.2 17 16.5 9.5 5 7.9 163. 16. 9. 5 7.6 California Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Modesto Oakland Orange County Riverside-San Bernardino Sacramento Salinas San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc. Santa Rosa Stockton-Lodi Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Ventura 78 5.8 13.4 242.1 5 9 31.7 42. 6.7 1.7 29.5 7.5 1.9 8.8 12. 769.9 6. 13.2 238.1 52.8 89.8 31.2 42.2 58.8 99.7 28.3 7.3 1.7 8.6 12.2 766.1 13.1 237.7 52.5 89.4 31.3 42.4 58.8 99.3 27.9 7.3 1.5 8.6 12.3 3,581.9 38.4 6 1,172.5 28.2 24 333.5 192.9 146.1 28.5 297.3 38.1 236.7 4 38.9 3 3 67.9 3,666.1 38.7 66.8 1,19 28.7 24 339.5 192. 148. 28.7 32.6 31 241.7 4 4.6 36.1 36.9 69.2 3,681.3 38.4 66.6 1,23.4 28.6 246.1 34.3 19 147.2 28.8 297.7 31 239.2 4 4.6 36.7 37. 69.3 2,62.5 45.8 6. 52 21. 167.5 126.9 156.9 16.1 2 178.1 12 86.8 27.7 2 3 33.5 4.5 1,99 4 59.8 57.3 21.9 16.9 117.1 148.6 158.1 2 171.6 121.7 8 27.9 21.9 32.3 31. 4.5 Colorado Boulder-Longmont. Denver 11.2 73.3 111.2 7 111. 7 57.5 41.8 28.4 532. 4 289.2 52 4 289.5 299.4 2 14.1 285.8 22.3 13 Connecticut Bridgeport Danbury Hartford New Haven-Meriden... New London-Norwich. Stamford-Norwalk Waterbury 13 1.3 7 1 3.5 21.1 13 9.9 73. 1 21.7 133.1 9.8 71.6 1 21.8 456.3 5 21.6 15 82.4 31.5 62.4 2 459.2 5 22.4 15 79.8 31.4 6 2 461.2 5 22.2 15 81.2 31.4 63.3 2 218.3 19.9 9.6 9 3.6 28.7 16.8 12.7 21.9 19.7 9.4 86.2 28.3 29.3 15.8 11.9 Delaware Dover Wilmington-Newark. 39.6 1.5 3 41.5 1.4 3 41.2 1.3 36.3 92.7 1.8 7 96.1 1.9 77.5 97. 11.4 77.8 48.8 13.3 3 48.8 1 3 District of Columbia. Washington PMSA... 31.2 137.9 31. 13 13 263. 851.9 256. 87. 262. 87 26 62 25.9 58.7 Florida Daytona Beach Fort Lauderdale Fort Myers-Cape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville Lakeland-Winter Haven Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay Miami Orlando Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton 376.9 6.5 41.3 8.2 48.4 7.7 66.2 41.8 1.8 6 27. 38 41.9 8. 5.8 7.6 67.5 4 11.1 67.2 27.2 38 41.9 7.9 5.6 7.6 67.6 4 11.2 67.4 27. 1,936. 48. 18 46.1 3.1 14 43.5 57.3 28 276.1 4 8 3 349.1 137.4 2,38.9 49.8 196.5 48.9 32. 149.9 46. 59.1 29.2 298. 5.1 92.8 3 372. 14 2,4 49.8 196.9 49.2 32. 151.1 46.5 59.4 292.6 299. 93.2 36. 37 14 911.6 23.2 78.6 22.2 38.1 6 2 2 131.1 8.3 29.2 2 56.8 127.9 5.2 84 2.6 73.2 21.1 3 58.9 23. 2 12 72.1 2 22.8 53.3 12.1 4 See footnotes at end of table. 8

( ) B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Total Mining Construction State and area ; : Georgia Albany. Athens Atlanta Augusta-Aiken. Columbus Macon Savannah Hawaii Honolulu. 3,29 5 62.1 1,749.6 192.3 1 137.8 12 526.8 43.3 3,48.5 56.3 6 1,842.1 186.8 18. 138.6 126.1 52 4.1 3,422.1 56.7 6 1,851.5 187.8 19. 14.9 126.6 519.3 397.2 (! ) () () 1.5:'.41 C) ( ) C) 147.4 3.3 2.2 79.9 11.3 7. 29.4 22.6 daho Boise City. 477.7 17 478. 18.3 486.9 182.4 3.o; 32.9 13.4 llinois Bloomington-Normal Champaign-Urbana Chicago Davenport-Moline-Rock sland. Decatur Kankakee Peoria-Pekin Rockford Springfield 5,523.5 7 93. 3,83 168.7 52.6 41.3 15 16 18. 5,55.8 73.4 9.7 3,87 168.5 53.5 41.1 153.3 165.8 11 5,586. 7 9 3,89. 17.3 53.3 41. 15 166.5 19.8 C) O ( : ) ( (' ) n o () () ( () C) 23 2.7 3.5 153.2 9.3 3.5 2.4 8.7 6.8 ndiana Bloomington Elkhart-Goshen Evansville-Henderson. Fort Wayne Gary ndianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute 2,747.2 63.5 11 147.1 25 25 781.3 87.4 62. 127. 69.9 2,74 6. 118.6 146. 258.7 24 79.7 51.6 8 61.5 126.3 6 2,87.3 6 119.3 148.1 261.9 252.8 8 52.4 89.5 6 13.9 7.2 O C) (' ) o n o o C) () () C) C) C) 138.7 3.3 9.7 12.1 2. 43. 1.6 3. 7.5 3.4 owa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque owa City Sioux City Waterloo-Cedar Falls. 1,336.9 1 25 49.7 61. 62. 66.9 1,348.4 1 258.6 5.4 6.5 62.5 6 1,367.7 1 258.9 51.3 61.5 62.7 68.2 C) C) ( : ) (' ) O () () 2.3! C) 59.4 11.9 2.1 2.5 3. 2.8 Kansas Lawrence. Topeka Wichita 1,183.1 42.6 96.9 25 1,188.3 42.1 96.5 2 1,213. 4 96.8 25 (' ) 1.5! () () 1.5: 53.1 2. 12.8 Kentucky Lexington... Louisville Owensboro. 1,629.6 249.8 52 41.8 1,642. 249.4 533.5 4 1,667.9 257.3 53 4 28.i.2\ 6;.5 26.8;.2: 26.6: 2J.6 ;.5; 8.8 12.7 28.5 3.1 Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge Houma Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport-Bossier City. 1,751.7 51.7 266.7 6 142.7 77.3 63.3 59.9 161.1 1,786.3 51.5 27.6 66.5 147.1 8.2 6 59.1 161.4 1,8 52.2 277.2 67.1 147.1 8.2 6 592.6 163.2 48.1.1.8 11.6 1.4.3 1 3.1 -.1: 1.1: 6.6; 11.9: 1.4i.31 13.1! 2.5J 5.4'.1: 1.1; 6.6 12.; 1.4'.3; 13.2; 2.5: 19.5 31.6 3. 7.6 8. 2.9 27.1 8.2 Maine Lewiston-Auburn. Portland 54 41.7 129.6 55 41. 13. 557. 42. 13.3 ( ; ).2 ( ) ( ') () ('') 2 1.8 See footnotes at end of table. 81

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta Augusta-Aiken Columbus Macon Savannah Hawaii Honolulu daho Boise City llinois Bloomington-Normal Champaign-Urbana Chicago Davenport-Moline-Rock sland Decatur Kankakee Peoria-Pekin Rockford Springfield ndiana Bloomington Elkhart-Goshen Evansville-Henderson Fort Wayne Gary ndianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute owa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque owa City Sioux City Waterloo-Cedar Falls Kansas Topeka Wichita Kentucky Louisiana Monroe New Orleans Shreveport-Bossier City Maine Portland Manufacturing 582.1 7.8 11.3 27.2 4 2.4 19.8 17.4 17.7 13.2 7 957.2 8.7 1.9 651.7 29.7 1,1 6.8 2 51.7 669.8 9.3 59.6 33.2 71.8 53.1 12 2.2 19.6 11.1 22.6 13.4 248. 21.4 2 13.3 12.4 1 189.8 9.9 57.5 37.5 4.8 91.6 6.7 19.3 3.4 23. 16.5 11.1 7.9 49.5 19.7 92.9 9. 1 585.8 7.8 11.5 212.2 42.4 19.9 2. 17. 16.9 12.8 7 32.4 963.1 8.9 11.3 656.8 3.3 1.7 6.8 2 51.6 677.5 9.9 58.9 32. 7 53. 12 21. 21.1 11.4 23.1 13.1 251. 21.2 26.3 13.3 12.5 1 192.6 9.7 56.5 31.1 42.4 92. 6.7 191.7 3.3 2 6.2 1 11.3 8. 47.3 2. 9 8.4 1 P 58 7.7 11.7 212.7 42. 19.8 2.2 16.9 16.8 12.8 7 32.5 96 8.9 11.4 658.9 3.4 1.6 6.9 2 52.1 678.6 9.8 58.4 32.3 7 52.7 126.2 21.1 21.2 11.3 23. 13.1 25.8 21.2 26. 13. 12.5 1 192.7 9.5 57.4 39.5 42.6 91.3 6.8 191.6 3.4 2 6.2 16.2 11.2 8.1 47.3 2. 92.9 8.5 13.2 Transportation and public utilities 211.1 3.2 1.7 14 9.8 41.8 3 23. 8.7 319.7 2.8 2.6 228.4 8.8 1.8 9.1 7.7 139.3 1.8 7. 13.2 16.2 47.2 1.3 2.1 6. 2.9 59.4 7.1 12.4 2. 1.8 2. 69.1 1.2 7. 11.4 89.8 1.1 36. 2.2 112.4 2.6 12.5 8.7 43.5 8. 23.2 1.7 6.1 29.4 3.2 1.5 143.5 3.5 9.6 4.9 33.3 22.5 8.3 32.4 2.8 2.5 2 8.8 1.9 9. 8. 14.6 1.8 7.2 13.3 1 47.1 1.2 2.3 7.4 3. 6.7 7.2 12.5 1.9 1.9 2. 7.3 1.1 6.7 11.2 9.9 1.4 37.1 2.2 11 2.7 12.6 6.7 8.9 41.7 8.1 23.5 1.7 p 28.4 3. 1.5 143.1 5.8 9.7 4.8 33.2 23.5 8.7 32 2.8 2.6 231.8 8.9 2. 9.1 8.2 139.7 1.8 7.2 13.1 1 47.3 1.2 2.3 7.3 2.9 6.5 7.2 12.5 1.9 2.3 2. 71.1 1.2 6.7 11.3 91. 1.5 37.2 2.1 112.9 2.7 12.5 6.6 8.8 41.8 8.1 23.4 1.7 Wholesale and retail trade 821.1 13.4 15.8 466.8 4.5 2 31.9 31.4 132.9 99.9 119.5 42.1 1,283.4 16.9 19.9 88 47.3 12.4 11.2 38.9 3 23.2 652.1 1 2.7 36.7 6. 6.6 2 1.7 17. 13.4 32.2 2.4 336.5 2 67.6 11.6 12.1 1 16.3 286. 1.5 2.8 58.9 38 56.6 126.1 1.4 46.7 11.4 59.2 16.1 36.5 17.3 16.2 14 37.5 14.6 1.4 38.8 86 13.5 16. 49 41.5 2 33.5 31.6 13 1.7 122.9 43.2 1,31. 16.5 19.3 91.9 47.8 12.3 1.9 38.7 3 2 671.9 1 23.2 37.7 61.7 6.9 21 11.4 17.9 1 32.5 19.7 342.5 2 68.5 12.3 11.3 16.1 16.3 289.3 1.5 21.4 59.3 41.7 57.5 129.8 11.2 41 11.4 61. 16.9 36.2 17.5 16.5 146.3 37.9 147.5 1.6 4.7? 869.8 13.5 1 5. 4.5 2 3 31.7 13 1.8 123.3 43.1 1,3 16.6 2. 9 47.6 12.4 1.6 38.9 3 23.5 672.8 16.1 22.8 37.6 62. 61. 21 11.2 18.7 1 32.7 2. 342.5 2 68.3 12.1 11.9 16.1 16.5 291.1 1.9 21.3 59.1 43.4 58.6 13.1 11.1 416.1 11.5 61.9 16.9 36.5 17.5 16.6 147.3 37.8 14 1.7 4.6 See footnotes at end of table. 82 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate 17 1.9 2. 117.4 6.6 7.4 7.9 38.5 31.8 2 11.6 39 13.4 3.5 39.5 7.9 2.4 1.8 8.4 7. 8.4 1 2.1 2.9 13.3 9.2 56.5 1.5 1.8 2. 76.8 35.8 1.7 1.7 2.6 2.8 58.7 1.8 11.2 6 9.6 29.2 1.8 8.6 2.1 1 2.3 2.6 29.8 6.6 26.8 1.9 12.3. 176.3 2.1 2. 119.2 6.3 7.2 8.3 37.8 2 11.8 4.8 13.5 3.5 31 8.1 2.5 1.7 8.3 7.2 8.4 133.1 1.9 3. 6.8 1 9.6 58. 1.6 1.8 2.3 79.8 36.9 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.9 59.3 1.8 11.2 6 9.4 29.5 1.8 81.3 2.1 16. 2.3 2.6 29.9 6.5 26.6 1.9 11.7 P 17 2.1 1.9 118.7 6.2 7.1 8.3 37.4 3.5 2 11.9 396.3 13.5 3.4 311.1 8. 2.4 1.7 8.3 7.1 8.2 132.4 1.9 2.9 6.8 1 9.4 57.6 1.6 1.8 6.3 2.2 79.3 37. 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.9 58.8 1.8 11.1 6 9.2 29.7 1.8 8.9 2.1 16. 2.2 2.5 29.7 6.6 26.1 1.9 11.6 798. 13.5 11.9 493.3 43.2 2 3 16 12.1 16.6 4.4 1,541.1 1 2.3 1,136.8 41.6 13.5 1.7 46.6 39.9 29.4 61 12.2 17.1 38.3 58.1 61. 193.4 8.3 17.8 1 4.5 1 331.7 29.7 69.2 1 12.4 17.9 16.9 283.1 9.3 2 68.5 38 6 14 11.1 455.8 1 67.3 12.1 3 19.5 1 18.2 46.9 14 12.2 36.6 Services 847.5 1 12.3 539.6 43.3 27.4 31. 36.3 163.4 119.1 19.7 4 1,573. 16.9 21.3 1,16 42.3 1 1.9 48.7 42. 32.8 626.6 12.6 19.2 39. 6.8 59. 2.7 8.7 17.9 1 4.7 1 341.4 3.4 69.9 1 12.2 18. 16.6 289.9 9.4 2 68.9 39 6 146.1 11.9 48.9 1 7.2 12.7 36.7 21.7 1 18 46.9 158.6 12.6 37.2 p 849.5 1 12.6 541.3 43.4 27.9 31.4 3 162.8 119.3 19.4 4 1,56 16.8 21.2 1,16.3 41.6 1 1.6 48.6 41.8 3.5 638.7 12.5 19.3 39. 6.1 59.1 21.5 8.6 17.1 1 43.1 16. 347. 3.6 7. 16.5 12.1 17.9 17. 291.3 9.7 2 69.3 396.2 66.7 146.3 11.8 481.6 1 7.4 12.7 36.6 21.3 1 18 47.2 15 12.7 36.7 552.8 12.3 17.2 239.4 39.2 2.2 3 2.6 12.6 81.8 9 27.3 777.9 13.4 32.3 467. 2 6.6 17.6 16.1 32.4 39 19.9 6.6 1 26.1 3 112.4 6.7 23.1 12.8 12.3 11.8 222.7 1.8 32.8 26. 6.7 12.1 23 12.9 2 32.8 288.4 5 68.1 6. 348.3 13.4 56.9 12.7 22.3 12.7 12.3 12.1 31.1 91.4 16.1 Government 55 11.9 2. 24.4 36.9 2.5 3 2.3 13.5 82.5 88.9 26.7 74 12.1 29.4 449.9 22.2 6.3 1 1 32.9 348.3 1 12.4 2.6 28.9 99.9 17.8 8.9 1.5 9.7 28.1 1. 32.1 3.1 26.1 6.2 1.9 22.5 11.9 22.9 28.8 27 51. 67.9 5.8 342.9 13.3 5 12.2 22.8 12.6 12.3 1.3 3.4 79.1 1 P 563.1 12.4 18.3 24 39.2 21.2 3 21. 99.9 79.5 96.1 28.4 78 13.3 32.7 46 2 6.8 17.7 15.8 33.2 398.2 19.9 7.2 1 2 3 11 7. 22.6 12.5 12.6 12. 22 11.2 32.8 26.3 6.7 13. 242.2 13. 2 32.8 29 56.3 68.5 6.2 357.3 13.5 58.3 12.9 22.7 12.9 13.3 11. 32. 9. 17. Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta Augusta-Aiken Columbus Macon Savannah Hawaii Honolulu daho Boise City llinois Bloomington-Normal Champaign-Urbana Chicago Davenport-Moline-Rock sland Decatur Kankakee Peoria-Pekin Rockford Springfield ndiana Bloomington Elkhart-Goshen Evansville-Henderson Fort Wayne Gary ndianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute owa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque owa City Sioux City Waterloo-Cedar Falls Kansas Lawrence Topeka Wichita Kentucky Lexington Louisville Owensboro Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge Houma Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport-Bossier City Maine Lewiston-Auburn Portland See footnotes at end of table. 83 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) Total Mining State and area ' ' J Maryland Baltimore PMSA Baltimore City Suburban Maryland-D.C. Massachusetts Barnstable-Yarmouth. Boston Brockton Fitchburg-Leominster. Lawrence Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 2,168.8 1,12 41.9 79 2,941. l 5 i 1,781.8 86.3 i 49.1 i 137.6 i 1! 63.1 4.4 i 241.7 i 21 ; 2,16. ; 1,116.2! 41.7 i 791.1! 2,95 i 59.8 1.78 87.2 j 49.1! 139.3 j 12.8 62. 4.9 239.4 ; 213.5 i 2,17 1,119.9 49.7 8 2,976.8 5 1.79.8 i 88.! 14.7 j 1 62.9 4.1 24! 216.5! < 2 ) (? ) (? ) (? ) ( : ) o o 1.1.2 132.3 63.3 13. 5 96.6 2.1 5 3.4 1.5 2.4 1.5 7.6 132.9 6 13.1 5 99.6 2.2 5 1.8 2.4 1.6 7.9 6.9 Michigan Ann Arbor Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland Jackson Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Lansing-East Lansing Saginaw-Bay City-Midland Minnesota Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul. Rochester St. Cloud 4,19 i 247.9 ] 7.2 i 1,976. i 178.3 496.3 57.9! 23.4 219.1 j 172.3 2,33 ' 1 1,51 68.8 79.6 4,228. ; 24 i 7.8 i 2,19.2 181.9 ; 53.2 j 58.4 i 2.5! 21! 17 2,373. i 16.5 1.54. j 69.3! 79.3 ; 79.1! 25 i 71.3 i 2.36.9 j 18! 511.5 59.1! 26. i 22.8 i 177.1 2.386.2 i 16. i 1,541.4! 69.4! 81.5 O V) V) a o 8.3 V) o ( ) o o 8.2 o ( ) o C) o 8. 159.8 7.5 2.1 67.9 6.5 22.4 1.9 7.5 6.9 8.3 91.8 59.3 2.6 17 7.8 2.2 76. 2 2. 7.6 6.9 9.1 9 6.7 2.5 Mississippi. Jackson... Missouri Kansas City. St. Louis Springfield... 1,6 28. 2,51 849.9 1,23 149.9 1.51.8 28.4 i 2.527.1 871.2 i 1.226.9 j 151.3 j 1,59.2 i 29.6 2,561. 878.7 1,24 15 O o (*) ( ) 46.5 1.4 12.1 43.3 66.1 7.2 5.9 11. 119.9 47.3 6 8. Montana.. Nebraska. Lincoln... Omaha... 351.8 83.2 13 36 358.3 361.5 i 87.7 81.3 13 j 13 i 372.2 j 371.3 1.4 O 1.4 ( ; ) 1.4 O 18.2 3 17.9 18.8 3 17.4 Nevada Las Vegas. Reno 756.5 522.1 162.4 786.7 \ 539.5 j 17.6, 797. 547.7 173. 12.5 1.7 1 1.6.7 1 1.6.7 57.7 4 1. 63.3 47. 1.9 New Hampshire Manchester Nashua Portsmouth-Rochester. New Jersey Atlantic-Cape May Bergen-Passaic Camden Jersey City Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon Monmouth-Ocean Newark Trenton Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton 533. 89.2 8 18.8 j i 3,579.3 18.4 613.2 443.5 239.7 557.7 349.7 91 19 57.6 528.5 j 88.3 : 83.2! 16.9 j 3,629.1 189.4 j 619.9! 446.6! 242.4 i 568.2 367.5 ' 921. 193. 57.6 536.8! 9. 8 18.2 i 3,621.9 j 182. 62 i 449.4 i 242.5 572.7! 36. i 92! 191.6! 58.7 ' O o ( ) o o O O O {' ) V).5.7.3 C) {' ).6.7.3 19 2.7 3.1 131.3 6.3 23.3 2.6 19.2 17.2 31.1 1 22.1 3.1 3.4 13 2 21.5 21.5 17.4 32.7 1.8 New Mexico.. Albuquerque. Las Cruces... Santa Fe New York Albany-Schenectady-Troy. Binghamton 671.4 31 47.4 7.1 7,826.2 429.3 113.1 691.7 32 46.7 73.1 7,85 427.9 111.8 71.9 329.9 49.3 72.4 7,871.9 428.9 11.5 16. ( ; ) 5.8.6 15.8 O O.5 4 22.9 3.1 272.8 17.5 48.61 2 3.4 277.11 17.5 See footnotes at end of table. 84

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major ndustry Continued (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED State and area Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities? Wholesale and retail trade Maryland Baltimore PMSA Baltimore City Suburban Maryland-D.C 179.7 16.9 36.6 3 177.7 1 36.1 36.3 177.2 1 36.1 36.7 1 5 2.7 3 13.4 5 2.3 3 1 5 2.4 3 519.3 26.6 68. 189.6 52 262.4 67.4 192.7 Massachusetts Barnstable-Yarmouth Boston Brockton Fitchburg-Leominster Lawrence Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 45.7 2.1 22 11.1 1 3 28.3 1 7.4 4.4 449.5 2.3 221.4 11. 1 3 28. 1 7.4 41. 41. 4 2.2 221.2 11. 1 3 27.7 1 7.2 41.4 4.9 128.7 2.9 8.7 1.9 2.6 1.1 9.5 1. 12 3. 78. 1.7 2.4 1.1 9. 9.4 128.2 3. 78.7 2. 2.5 1.1 9.6 9.4 677.8 19.8 391.8 27.9 11.4 33.4 22. 1 1.1 5 47.6 68 22.5 387.6 28.5 11.3 3 22.4 1 1.2 5 47.7 Michigan Ann Arbor Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland Jackson Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Lansing-East Lansing Saginaw-Bay City-Midland 96 53. 21. 44 47.8 14 12.9 5.6 3.1 41.4 966.9 52.4 21.2 436.6 48.6 15.2 13. 51. 41. 968. 52.9 21.5 436.9 48.8 149.7 13. 5.6 31.1 41.1 16 6.6 2.9 87.7 17.4 7. 166.1 6.7 3. 89.9 17.6 6.5 6.1 7.4 16 6.6 3. 89.5 17.5 6.5 6.2 7.4 973.1 48.7 1 461. 42.9 118.8 1 4 48.2 4 1,1 49.5 16. 483.5 4 121.7 1 4 48.8 45.8 Minnesota Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul Rochester St. Cloud 42 8.3 272.9 1.7 1 43 8.1 277.6 1.8 1 432.3 8. 276. 1.6 1 116.5 6.2 83. 2.1 2.6 11 8 2.1 3. 117.8 8 2. 2.9 566.7 27.5 359.1 1 2 581.3 28.3 36 1 2 Mississippi Jackson 261.8 22.6 252.1 22.3 25.8 22.2 48.5 1 47.6 1 47.6 1 219.8 49. 219.8 49.4 Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield 421. 17.6 197.6 22.1 42 19. 198.9 22.6 42 19.3 199.9 22.4 157.9 67.1 78.6 8.9 156.6 66.7 78.6 9.4 159.2 67.5 79.3 9.3 597.6 2 291.5 43.4 61 213.1 296.2 4 Montana 2 2 2 21. 21.1 21.4 9 99.2 Nebraska Lincoln Omaha 11. 16.6 37.5 112.3 17.1 38.1 111.7 17. 38.1 48.8 7.7 2 49.2 7.5 25.8 49.2 7.6 2 2.2 28.6 89.9 2 28.6 9.4 Nevada Las Vegas Reno 3 18.7 12.3 36.3 19.9 12.6 36.3 19.9 12.6 38.7 2 11. 4.5 27.2 11.2 4.5 27.2 11.2 146.7 12.1 3 15 19.1 37.3 New Hampshire Manchester Nashua Portsmouth-Rochester 11. 11.5 26.7 19.2 1. 11.5 26.6 19.1 1.2 11.5 26.5 19.3 19.2 2.4 18.3 2.6 3.5 19.3 2.6 136.5 21.6 21.4 27.2 139.2 22.1 21.7 28.3 New Jersey Atlantic-Cape May Bergen-Passaic Camden Jersey City Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon. Monmouth-Ocean Newark Trenton Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton 51 7.1 113.4 57.7 3 9 21. 14 2 1 497.4 6.9 18.1 56.5 32.8 9.5 2.9 139.8 23.1 1 5.4 6.9 18.4 56.8 33.2 91.6 2.6 14.8 22.8 1 246.1 7.7 28.6 2.9 3.2 4 18.7 8.5 6.9 2.3 242.2 7.7 2 2.1 3.5 4 19.4 8. 2.3 248.1 7.8 29.5 21.6 31. 4 2. 8.5 6.5 2.5 84 38.8 173.5 119.9 59.5 132.2 9 181.2 3.6 1.7 867.6 4 17 121.4 59.9 13 13.4 18 3.4 1.7 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe 47.4 29.1 2.9 2.1 48.1 29.7 2.6 2.2 49.1 3. 2.6 2.2 3.4 1 1.7 1.2 3. 1 1.6 1.2 31. 1 1.8 1.2 159. 7 1.3 1 167.5 79.3 1.9 16.2 New York Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton 959.6 42.7 2 95 41.2 2 95 41.1 2 4 16.6 392.3 1 4.9 16.7 1,58 88.6 2 1,69.6 92.1 2 See footnotes at end of table. 85

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate p Services ^ Government Maryland Baltimore PMSA Baltimore City Suburban Maryland-D.C. 133.5 7 38. 5.5 13.9 72.8 37.1 49.6 13.5 72.5 37.2 49.1 679.6 35 14 257.5 692.1 356.5 146. 263. 69.2 357.3 146.3 263. 418. 27.9 88.9 171.3 396.2 2.6 9.7 159.6 Massachusetts Barnstable-Yarmouth. Boston Brockton Fitchburg-Leominster. Lawrence Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 29.1 3.3 15.8 3.3 1.6 2. 1.9 1 16.9 21 153.3 3.4 1.6 2. 2. 1 16.9 212.1 3.4 152.1 3.4 1.6 2. 1.9 1 16.9 988. 18. 66 2.7 12.2 37.5 26.7 1 1 72.3 6. 1,9.1 19.2 683.4 21.1 12.5 39.1 27 16.2 1 71.9 61. 1,13.5 18.1 68 21.2 12.5 39.4 27.1 16.1 13.4 73.4 62.3 388.6 6.7 212.4 1 6.9 16.6 12.9 9.9 42.3 32.1 371.4 6.9 2 1 6.3 1 12.2 j 9.2 39.9 3.3 Michigan Ann Arbor, Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland Jackson Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Lansing-East Lansing Saginaw-Bay City-Midland 196.8 9.7 2.7 11.3 2.4 1.9 1.6 12.3 199.4 9.8 2.6 111. 21.1 1.9 1.9 12.8 6.5 196.6 9.7 2.6 11.1 21. 1.9 1.7 12.7 6.3 1,9 56.8 17.3 57 4 123.3 1 5.2 43.2 1,119.8 58. 17.8 67.4 49.6 123.1 1 5.2 51.2 4 1,12.2 58.2 17.8 67.9 49. 12 1 5.9 51.3 4 632.1 6 8.8 227.8 2 52.1 9.9 3 6 22.2 576.6 61.5 8.1 21 2.7 4 9.4 29. 58. 2.6 Minnesota Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul. Rochester St. Cloud 14. 11.4 1.9 2.4 142.1 3.5 111.7 1.9 2.4 141.2 3.4 111.1 1.8 2.3 64 28.9 427.4 29.8 19.3 665.8 29.9 442.8 31.2 18.7 668.3 3.5 443.2 31. 19.7 341.6 2.5 22.4 7.2 12. 33.4 21.4 197.7 11. Mississippi. Jackson... 39.4 1 39.6 1 39.4 1 223.1 53.4 215.8 52.2 217.9 51.9 22.7 43.5 221.3 4 Missouri Kansas City., St. Louis Springfield... 147.2 6 7 6.5 15.2 6 79.3 6.8 148.9 6 78.2 6.9 679.3 232.7 37 4 691.2 24 377.9 43.4 693.4 24 38.2 4 386.2 129.1 151.6 17.9 363.4 126.8 132.1 16.3 Montana.. 15.8 16.3 16.1 9 12. 11. 77.5 71. Nebraska. Lincoln... Omaha... 51.7 8.7 31.9 52.9 8.9 32.5 52.6 8.9 32.3 2 32.3 11 21.3 32.8 121.3 28.6 33. 119.7 15.4 3 47.5 143. 3 46.7 Nevada Las Vegas. Reno 3 25.8 7.6 36.6 27.2 8.2 36.6 27.1 8.2 337.1 247.6 6 351.5 25 7.1 351.2 25 69.9 9 5 21.3 89. 52.7 19.6 New Hampshire Manchester Nashua Portsmouth-Rochester. 29.5 8.1 3. 6.5 29.8 7.8 3. 6.3 29.4 7.7 2.9 147.9 28.4 2.2 27.1 149.1 27.3 19.7 27.4 148.9 28.3 2.3 26.9 78.6 1.3 7.4 22.1 69.5 9.7 6.5 18.9 New Jersey Atlantic-Cape May Bergen-Passaic Camden Jersey City, Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon Monmouth-Ocean Newark Trenton Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton 231.5 6.1 3 22.8 22. 43.4 18.5 67.7 1.7 23 6.2 37. 22.2 22.7 4 19. 67.8 11. 231.3 6. 36.7 21.9 22.5 43.3 18.8 66.8 1.7 1,5 8 171.1 128.2 51. 148.5 116.5 273.2 6 11.5 1,97.2 89.4 179.1 133. 52.1 159.1 12 278.1 6 11.8 1,87.4 86.2 178.1 132.2 52.7 157.8 12.9 277.8 6 11.9 552.4 29.4 67.8 73.4 38.6 7 62.8 13 52.7 12.6 551.3 28.3 69.2 71.9 4. 73. 63.2 138.2 52.1 12.3 New Mexico... Albuquerque. Las Cruces... Santa Fe 29.9 16.2 2. 3. 32. 16.9 2. 3.2 31.8 16.9 2. 3.1 18.8 96. 9.5 2.3 19.8 11.1 1.1 21.6 191.8 12.4 1.1 21.4 16 61. 17.9 2 158.7 59.1 16.1 2 New York Albany-Schenectady-Troy. Binghamton 74.7 2 738.6 27. 733.1 26.6 2,477.8 12 29.3 2,536.1 129.9 29.7 2,546.6 128.8 29.7 1,379.5 11.6 2.8 1,341.4 13.3 18.5 See footnotes at end of table. 86

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Total Mining Construction State and area p *? New York-Continued Buffalo-Niagara Falls Dutchess County Elmira Glens Falls Nassau-Suffolk New York PMSA New York City Newburgh Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill North Dakota Bismarck Fargo-Moorhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Canton-Massillon Cincinnati Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria Columbus Dayton-Springfield Hamilton-Middletown Lima Mansfield Steubenville-Weirton Toledo Youngstown-Warren 539.2 1 5.1 1,7 3,79 3,3.3 117.1 519.7 99.2 33 127.6 376.3 3,4 1.2 692. 59 54 3.1 46. 88.4 47.9 5,137.1 38.3 172.5 79 1,87.1 758.5 458.7 16.7 76. 78.2 5.2 38.4 23 531.3 1 41.6 53.5 1,73.1 99.8 3,3 118. 512.2 99.6 33.3 128.2 376.1 3.397.6 99.5 697.8 593.4 55.6 3 46.9 89.5 47.3 5,159.8 3 176.7 79 1.96.6 763. 457.3 1 77.3 79.3 51.7 39.9 238.4 536.1 1 41.5 51. 1,8.2 3,83.1 3,39.9 116.5 517.7 99. 33 128.5 37 3,44 98. 7 599.4 559.4 37.7 46.7 92.4 48.9 5,2 311.9 176.6 798.5 1,11.4 766. 463.3 18.8 77.1 78.7 51.6 31 239.8 O ( 1 ) V).3 O 1. 3.5 V) V) ( 1 ) V) V) 1.4.7.6 1.1.7.7.5.2.7 O 1 ( 1 ) V) ( 1 ).3 ( 1 ).8 O O 1 ( 1 ) 1.4.7.7 1.1.7.7 ( 1 ) O O.4.2.6 1 1 ( 1 ).3.7 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) V) ( 1 ) 1.4.7.7 1.1.7.7 V).4.2.6 21.7 1.6 2.2 4 117. 9 18.1 3.3 16. 17.9 171.1 36.7 27.1 27.1 1 2.8 2.5 22 12.2 8.5 4. 43.3 32.8 18. 6.5 2.5 2.1 1 1.1 21.6 1.6 2.5 4 11 91.3 17.8 16.1 18.1 179.2 38.6 29. 29.3 16.6 2.9 6.2 2.9 23.1 12.9 9.6 41.1 46.7 33.3 18.4 6.7 2.4 2.4 1 1.8 21.5 1.6 2.4 4 11 92.3 17.6 3.4 1 18. 178.5 38.8 28.7 29. 16.5 2.9 2.8 228.6 12.7 9.6 4.9 46.2 33.2 17.9 6.6 2.3 2.4 1 1.5 Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa 1,291.7 2 37.4 462.7 343. 1,31. 2 39.1 462.2 348.9 1,32 2 39.1 471.7 352.8 3 1.1.1 7.9 9.2 33.4 1.2.1 7.4 8.4 33.4 1.2.1 7.6 8.1 49.4 1.1 1.7 17.6 13.2 51.6 1. 1.8 19.9 1 51.2.9 1.8 19.7 1 Oregon Eugene-Springfield Medford-Ashland Portland-Vancouver Salem 1,387.8 127.3 63.4 812.5 12 1,432.1 127.9 63.4 838.5 126.5 1,4 129.1 6 849.3 127.9 1.5.2.1.9.2 1.8.2.1 1.1.2 1.8.2.1 1.1.2 68.8 6.3 2.9 4 6.3 75.8 6.9 3. 46.8 6.8 76.7 6.8 3. 47.5 6.8 Pennsylvania Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton...: Altoona Erie Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia PMSA Philadelphia City Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton Sharon State College Williamsport York 5,227.2 258.4 58.8 126.7 331.2 8 21.5 2,177.1 69. 1,4 15 27.4 4 62.7 52.5 158. 5,196.2 259.4 59. 12 33 8 2.8 2,15 679.9 1,31.8 15 268. 4 59.6 52.4 157.5 5,238.2 261.7 59.3 127.9 33 8 22.7 2,17.3 686.2 1,39.2 15 267.9 4 6 53.1 158.9 2.7 O V) O V) V).4 ( 1 ) V).6 O o.6 19.5 O 1 ( 1 ).4 ( 1 ) O.6 O.5 19.2 O 1 ( 1 V) ).4 V) V).5 V) ( 1 ) O.5 22.4 11. 2.7 1 11.6 8 13. 5.4 7. 1.3 1.6 2.8 2.4 8.2 22.6 1.9 2.8 1 11.9 8 12.3 49.7 6.9 1.7 1.7 2.6 2.3 8.5 217.2 1.7 2.7 1 11.7 8 12.5 49.8 6.8 1.4 1.6 2.5 2.3 8.3 See footnotes at end of table. 87

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Manufacturing p Transportation and public utilities P Wholesale and retail trade t: New York-Continued Buffalo-Niagara Falls Dutchess County Elmira Glens Falls Nassau-Suffolk New York PMSA New York City Newburgh Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill North Dakota Bismarck Fargo-Moorhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Canton-Massillon Cincinnati Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria Columbus Dayton-Springfield Hamilton-Middletown Lima Mansfield Steubenville-Weirton Toledo Youngstown-Warren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon Eugene-Springfield Medford-Ashland Portland-Vancouver Salem Pennsylvania Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Erie Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia PMSA Philadelphia City Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton Sharon State College Williamsport York See footnotes at end of table. 89.8 16.2 9. 9.3 117. 34 286.6 13. 127.3 13.5 48.9 21.1 42. 866.1 2.3 15.5 17.2 8.1 22. 2.5 6.9 3.5 1,81.2 6 46.1 139.1 22 92.4 97.7 2.3 2.6 22. 1 59.2 5 171.6 1.7 51. 5 227.9 2.2 9.4 131.2 19.7 947.3 6.9 1.6 3 47.9 12.9 56.3 31 6 132.9 4 59.4 1.4 8.4 1 46.6 89.1 17. 9.1 9. 112.2 339.4 283.5 12.8 12 12.5 49.3 2.6 41.7 861.1 2.3 151.5 17.1 81.8 21.6 2.6 7. 3.1 1,91.5 6 47.6 14.3 22 92.4 1.5 2.4 2.4 22.3 1 6.1 57. 17 1.9 5 5 236. 19.9 9.6 137.2 21.2 94 6.6 1.5 3 47.3 12.9 56.7 39.3 63. 13 43.4 58.5 1.7 8.6 1 47.8 88.9 17. 9.2 8.9 112.6 34.9 28 12.7 12 12.4 49.2 2.4 41.4 86.8 2.2 151.1 169.2 82.2 21.8 2.4 7.2 1,9 6 47.6 14.6 227.1 92.3 1.4 2.3 2.1 22.3 1 6.3 56.3 173.3 1.9 5 5 23 19.6 9.5 138. 2.1 938.9 6.6 1.5 3 47.2 12.4 56.1 38.9 63. 133.2 4 57.9 1.4 8.4 1 47.4 26.6 1.5 1.5 48. 228. 21.6 7. 16.8 19.4 19.8 162. 52.7 31.1 2 18.9 3.3 2.2 226.1 1 43.1 4 33. 18.9 2.8 3.1 1 8.9 73. 2.1 1.8 21.5 27.1 69.7 2.9 46.5 27 13.2 22.8 7.8 1 37.7 6 1 1.9 2. 1.9 8.9 2 1.5 1.7 46.6 22 2. 6.8 15.8 18. 19.2 16.6 52.9 31.8 23 1 19. 3.3 2.3 229.1 1 43.4 46.7 33.4 18.8 3. 3.1 1 9.1 7 2.2 2.1 21.9 28.3 71.1 3. 47.9 263.4 12.8 22.5 6.6 12.1 37.4 6 5.8 1 2. 2. 1.9 7.9 2 1.5 1.6 48.6 228.7 22.2 7. 16.5 5.8 18.2 19.9 161.3 52.9 31.9 23.1 19.2 3.3 5.8 2.2 229.1 1 4 46.9 33.4 18.6 2.9 3. 1 9.2 7 2.1 2.1 21.8 28.1 71.6 3.1 47.7 27.9 13. 22.7 7.3 1 37.7 6 6.3 1 1.9 2.1 1.9 8.2 13 2.8 1. 11.4 28. 651. 541.1 3.6 11.1 22. 79. 27.1 8 77 2 16 13 112.5 77.3 11.4 2 12.9 1,236. 7 42.3 25.8 251.9 199.5 17.6 28. 17.3 18.3 1.7 76.6 61.1 3 6.8 8.8 111.5 8.5 349.3 31.7 19.5 2 27.2 1,16 53.5 1 28. 72.1 2.3 49.3 478.4 11 253. 3 6 11.3 12.3 12.2 38.5 132.1 21.2 11. 12.6 28 65 54 31.2 112.8 22.6 79.7 28.7 8 787.5 23.3 167.1 13 11 8.4 11.7 2 13.4 1,256.6 7 42.9 23. 257.7 22.4 18.9 28.8 17.9 19.2 1.9 77.6 62.9 31 7. 9.1 11 83.2 362.7 32.9 18.7 213.2 27.8 1,178.5 5 1 29. 7 2.4 5.7 479.2 11 25 36.8 65.8 11.5 11.2 12.3 38.8 132.8 2.9 11. 11.9 283.5 66.5 548.9 31.1 111.9 22.6 79.1 28.5 8 788.1 23.1 167.1 13 11 79.6 11.5 26.5 13.5 1,252.4 7 42.4 22.8 256.2 21.8 19. 29.1 17.9 18.9 1.9 77.8 62.3 31 6.9 8.9 113.2 83.5 362.2 32.6 19.9 211.5 28.2 1,171.6 5 16.2 28.9 7 2.3 5.2 479.6 11 251.4 36.6 6 11.3 12.2 12.4 38.9 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area New York-Continued Buffalo-Niagara Falls Dutchess County Elmira Glens Falls Nassau-Suffolk New York PMSA New York City Newburgh Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill North Dakota Bismarck Fargo-Moorhead Grand Forks Ohio Akron Canton-Massillon Cincinnati Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria Columbus Dayton-Springfield Hamilton-Middletown Lima Mansfield Steubenville-Weirton Toledo Youngstown-Warren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon Eugene-Springfield Medford-Ashland Portland-Vancouver Salem Pennsylvania Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Erie Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia PMSA Philadelphia City Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton State College Williamsport York Finance, insurance, and real estate 28.8 1.4 1.9 82.1 51 481.9 6. 2 19.2 8.2 26.7 14 3.1 4 29.1 2 1 2.2 1.7 272. 12.3 6.7 48.9 69.5 63.3 17.5 2. 3.1 1.6 11.6 9.6 6 1. 1.7 26.8 19.4 89.1 6.3 3. 62.5 6.9 311.7 1 1.8 5.8 22.4 9.2 157.8 57.9 63.3 9.3 1 1.5 2. 2.3 28.6 1.4 2. 82.6 512.1 479.5 23.5 19.6 8.3 26.2 15.4 3.2 46.2 3. 26.6 1 2.2 1.7 27 12.2 6.5 49.5 71.2 63.2 17.2 2.1 3.1 1.7 11.6 9.5 6 1.1 1.7 26.8 19.8 91.6 6.8 3. 6 6.9 318.3 1 1.9 22.8 9.5 15 57.5 6 9. 1 1.5 2. 2.3 " 28.4 1.4 1.9 82. 59.8 477.4 23.1 19.3 8.2 26. 149.5 3.2 46.1 29.9 26.6 1 2.2 1.8 273.2 12.1 6.5 49.4 7.4 62.6 17. 2. 3.1 1.6 11.5 9.4 6 1. 1.8 26.6 19.4 91.6 6.8 3. 6 6.9 315.8 1 1.9 22.8 9.4 15 57.2 6 9. 1 1.5 2. 2.3 Services 151.1 32. 1. 1 331. 1,313.4 1,148.7 3. 146.5 29.3 9 33.1 129.6 737.1 28. 161.4 139.1 159.7 81.9 1 2 12.4 1,348. 82.5 4 217.2 312. 27.3 12 2 19.9 18.5 11.8 86.8 6.3 32 6. 7.8 12 98.2 35 3 16. 218.3 28.6 1,578.1 76.9 1 3 8 2 49. 73 27.3 355.8 3 72.4 13. 11.7 13.3 3 151.9 32.1 1. 17.1 338.5 1,327.5 1,16. 31.5 147.3 3.6 91.3 3 1 75 29.5 163.3 141.8 16.5 8 1 26.2 12.9 1,376.8 86.8 4 22.1 316.8 212.4 12 2 2.2 18.5 12.2 91. 61.5 339.4 8.4 126.5 11.3 37 36.3 16.8 226.6 28.8 1,578. 78. 1 3 8 2 49.1 736.6 26 35.7 3 72.1 12.1 12.2 13.5 3 p 152.6 32. 1. 1 337.5 1,339. 1,17 3.4 149.5 29.4 9 3 129.2 75.6 28.4 16 14.8 161.6 8 1 26. 12.9 1,379.9 8 4 218.9 316.3 212.9 126.8 2 2.4 18.4 12.2 9.1 61.8 343.4 6.5 8.2 127.9 11.6 381.4 36.6 17. 231. 29.7 1,59.3 78.9 1 3 8 2 49.7 741.4 271.5 353. 3 71.8 13.1 12. 1 3 87.4 21.8 6.8 9.5 17.7 626.1 546.1 26. 75.8 19.7 58.5 29.5 5 547.4 1 81.1 6 116.8 67. 9.6 1 12.7 73 47. 18.5 1.4 138.9 129.5 73.4 19.3 9.6 9.8 6. 4 29.5 269.6 11.5 11.3 41.1 226.3 22.4 9.6 1 32.5 78.3 28.6 7.8 1 68.3 13. 17.9 31. 131.8 119.5 17.3 32.8 23.5 6.5 1 Government 82.8 2.3 7. 8.7 16 625.8 546.3 2 68.8 19.4 56.2 28.6 56.2 5.5 12.5 78.2 56.9 11 62.7 9.4 12.3 11. 686.1 39.9 17.4 97.1 132.2 12 68.1 1 9.7 9.8 6. 39.4 27. 25 11.8 92.3 38.1 217.5 2.1 9.2 11. 31.2 67 27.3 7.4 12.9 67.6 13. 1 287.3 127.7 19.9 1 31.6 21. 6.3 1 " 86.2 21.3 7. 9.4 17.3 68.8 528.7 2 73.1 2. 57.9 29.2 56. 552.5 12.5 8 6 121.3 67.7 9.6 1 12.1 73 48. 18.5 11.6 137.2 129.1 72.9 19.4 9.9 9.7 6.1 4 29.7 268.7 12. 1.9 42.2 23.6 21.7 9.8 17.8 32.3 71 29. 7.4 1 68.1 13.5 17.9 296.6 129.2 118.3 17.6 32.5 2 6.6 1 See footnotes at end of table. 89 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) Total Mining Construction State and area p P Rhode sland Providence-Fall River-Warwick. 439.7 488.2 43 478.3 43 48.4.2.2.2.2.2.2 1J 1 1 1 South Carolina Charleston-North Charleston Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson. 1,62.2 28. 258.1 43 1,62 26.3 258.9 437.9 1,637.5 27.1 261.3 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) O ( 1 ) O 1.9 ( 1 ) V) 1.9 8 12.1 12.6 28.5 8 12.2 13. 29.6 South Dakota. Rapid City Sioux Falls 337.5 4 93.2 347.2 47. 97. 347.1 46.1 97.2 2.5 ( 1 ) 2.6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 3. 16.7 3.3 6.21 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol. Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin-San Marcos Beaumont-Port Arthur Brazoria Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito. Bryan-College Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. Worth-Arlington Galveston-Texas City Houston Killeen-Temple Laredo Longview-Marshall Lubbock McAllen-Edinburg-Mission Odessa-Midland San Angelo San Antonio Sherman-Denison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls Utah Provo-Orem Salt Lake City-Ogden.. 2,458.5 218. 186.5 39.1 57.8 579. 7,82 5.8 87. 49.1 148.9 72.1 9.6 6 14 1,547.8 23 637.6 8 1,78.6 87.5 57.2 82.5 1 11 93.3 4.6 598. 39.4 48.5 7.2 32.5 9.9 5 88.7 12.8 592.1 2,486.7 21 187.3 35.8 5 591.4 8,42.9 5.4 89.3 57. 147.2 7.6 92.7 6. 146.8 1,593.5 23 65 8 1,76.8 91.3 5 81.9 16.1 119.5 9 4. 61 39.2 48.7 7.2 32.6 9.3 56.3 918.1 121.9 616.5 2,519.4 21 188. 38.1 516. 59 8,81.7 51.8 9.4 52. 148.9 71.2 9 6 146.3 1,596.9 236.6 657.3 8 1,76 92. 5 82.4 17.4 121.3 9 4.3 626.5 39.7 48.8 7.4 33.4 92.2 56.8 933.2 126.6 622.2 ( 1 ).5 n o 163.1 1.2.8.9.9 1.2 ( 1 ).6 2.6! 1.6 66.7 ( 1 ) 2.9 3.5.2 1. 12.5.7 1.8 ( 1 ).1 1.3 1.2 1.4 8.5 > 3.2 o.5 V) 15 1.3.8 1..8 1.1 ( 1 ).5 2.7 13.5 ( 1 ) 6 65.8 ( 1 ) 2.7 3.5.2 1. 12.5.5 1.9 V) 1.3 1.3 V) 1.4 8.4 ( 1 ) 3.2 o ( 1 ).5 15 1.3.8.9.8 1.1 o.5 2.6 13.3i O.6 6 O 2.9 3.4.2 1. 12.3.5 1.9.1 1.3 1.4 ( 1 ) 1 8.6 9.1 1 19.6 26.6 39.2 2.1 22.6 11.9 1.4 2.5 2.6 1.5 61.1 9.6 26.8 112. 2. 3.5 1.7 28.3 1.5 2.4 2.3 1.7 2.1 53.3 7.3 36.2 111.9 8.7 9.4 1 2.9 29.5 41 2.1 2 j 12.3J 8.9 2.8 2.5 1.7 66.7 11.1 27.9 123.1 2. 5.8 1.8 32. 1.5 2.2 2.4 1.9 2.2 62.6 8.8 4.8 Vermont Barre-Montpelier. Burlington 268.6 3.2 92.7 26 29.3 92.2 271.1 3.2 9 O.6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ).7 O 1 1.6 13. 1.5 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News Northern Virginia Richmond-Petersburg Roanoke Washington Seattle-Bellevue-Everett. Spokane Tacoma 3,37.6 3 7 4 9 62 97.6 49 13 2,352.6 1,172.9 176.1 215.8 3,72.3 3 7 42.8 96.6 636.8 93 59.3 139.5 2,36.9 1,18.3 17 22.1 3,9.3 3 76.8 43.4 97.7 637.1 937.6 512.6 14. 2,4.9 1,197.6 179.5 22 ( 1 ).7 1 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1.9.7 1.9 V) V) V).7 17.9 1.3 2.1 3 52.4 28.9 7.8 13 61.7 11.7 12.7 18.7 1.4 2.2 37.5 5 31.2 8.2 13 6 11.2 12.4 See footnotes at end of table. 9

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Manufacturing 87.9 11.8 376.3 19.7 27. 126.2 4 12.2 541.4 46. 53.5 51.6 6 99.3 1,1 9.4 63.3 2 16.7 13.3 1 227.5 48.2 12.9 8.1 182.6 9.5 1.7 17.6 7.9 13. 6.5 49. 9.9 12.4 3.3 1 7.7 118.7 16.3 7 4 3.5 16.3 46.7 1.4 7.9 16.2 26.3 66.7 39.7 61.4 18.9 34 19 21.8 22.5 8 18.6 371.1 19.5 26.5 12 46.7 12.5 531.1 4 53.4 51. 6 98.7 1,31.2 3.3 9.6 67.6 2 16.6 1 1 229.5 47. 16.6 7.9 187.5 1.1 1.5 17.5 7.9 12.9 5. 1.2 12.3 3.1 17. 8. 126.1 17.4 78.5 4 16.9 42.4 1.6 8.2 1 26.6 67.9 4.1 62.3 19.8 338.8 18 22.3 23.1? 86.3 19.3 369.1 19.4 2 123.4 46.2 12.2 531.1 4 53.1 51.5 6 98.3 1,32.2 3.2 9.6 67.9 2 16.5 1 1 229.6 47.5 16.6 7.9 187.1 9.9 1.5 17.6 8. 13.4 1.2 12. 3.1 17. 8. 126.7 17.4 78.9 4 16.9 41.3 1.2 8.1 1 26.9 67.3 61.9 19.7 34.9 18 21.9 23.5 Transportation and public utilities 1 17.2 7.3 11.2 12.1 17.7 1 2. 6. 137.1 8. 7.2 12.3 51.8 3 462.4 2.5 1 9.3 2.6 1.4 6.6 98.2 12. 59.2 116.5 2.7 9.4 2.5 27.9 1.7 2.2 3.3 1.5 2.6 2.2 39.4 11.7.9 15 1.2 2.2 1.2 3.5 29.9 5 2 8.9 12.4 71.8 8.6 1.1 1 16.2 71.6 11.5 12.2 18.7 1 2.1 138. 7.8 7.9 12.2 52.4 3 479.2 2.4 15.8 8.4 2.7 1.3 7.1 1 12.6 6.7 12.6 2.8 8.6 2.4 29.9 1.8 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.7 52.6 2.2 39.8 11.9 1. 159.5 1.3 2.3 1.4 3.5 31.1 5 26.2 9.1 121.3 72.3 8.5 1. p 1 16.7 71.3 11.5 12.2 18.7 1 2.1 138. 7.8 8. 12.2 52.3 3 48.2 2.4 16. 8.5 2.7 1.3 6.9 13.3 12.6 61. 12.1 2.8 8.5 2.4 29.9 1.7 2.2 3.1 1.5 2.7 52.7 2.2 4.1 12.1.9 159.8 1.3 2.3 1.4 3.5 31.2 5 26.2 9.1 122.2 72.7 8.5 9.8 Wholesale and reta 97.1 18.8 37.8 52.2 57.8 13.4 85.8 1 2 573. 53.2 41.5 79. 131.3 14. 1,89 13.3 2 13. 3 1 2 1 3 392.5 56.5 162.2 17.7 41. 2. 17. 2.8 29.8 3 2 9.7 146.3 9.2 12.2 17.5 9.1 2.8 12.9 21.2 26.3 14 6 6.5 22. 68 9.2 1 9. 2.9 149.6 21.8 116. 3 579. 282.5 4 56.9 98.2 1 381.8 52.5 58.5 16.2 9.5 1 2 597.5 53.4 41.9 79.1 133.5 147.9 1,968.5 1 2 19.9 3 1 2 13.2 3 46.9 57.1 17.7 18.8 42.9 22. 16. 2.7 31. 3 26. 9.9 15 9.4 12.7 17.9 9.2 21. 13.1 222.9 27.8 152.5 6 6.6 22. 72.8 9.4 1 8.9 21.5 152.5 212.4 122.7 37.3 59 292.8 4 56.9 il trade ' 97.5 1 38.8 52.3 58.6 16.5 88.3 1 26.1 599.4 5 41.7 79.4 13 148. 1,967.2 1 2 11.1 3 1 2 1 3 4 57.1 169.1 18.7 419.2 22.2 1 2.6 31.5 3 25.8 1. 15 9.3 12.6 17.9 9.3 21.1 13.1 22 27.8 152.6 6 6.6 21.6 7.1 9.4 1 8.7 21.5 151.1 211.9 122.2 37.4 6.2 29 46.8 57.4 Rhode sland Providence-Fall River-Warwick South Carolina Charleston-North Charleston Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin-San Marcos Beaumont-Port Arthur Brazoria Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito Bryan-College Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. Worth-Arlington Galveston-Texas City Houston Killeen-Temple Laredo Longview-Marshall Lubbock McAllen-Edinburg-Mission Odessa-Midland San Angelo San Antonio Sherman-Denison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls Utah Provo-Orem Salt Lake City-Ogden Vermont Barre-Montpelier Burlington Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News Northern Virginia Richmond-Petersburg Roanoke Washington Seattle-Bellevue-Everett Spokane Tacoma See footnotes at end of table. 91 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Rhode sland Providence-Fall River-Warwick South Carolina Charleston-North Charleston Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Abilene Amarillo Austin-San Marcos Beaumont-Port Arthur Brazoria Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito Bryan-College Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. Worth-Arlington Galveston-Texas City Houston Killeen-Temple Laredo Longview-Marshall Lubbock McAllen-Edinburg-Mission Odessa-Midland San Angelo San Antonio Sherman-Denison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls Utah Salt Lake City-Ogden Vermont Barre-Montpelier Burlington Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Lynchburg Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News Northern Virginia Richmond-Petersburg Roanoke Washington Seattle-Bellevue-Everett Tacoma Finance, insurance, and real estate 2 27.9 68.9 8.5 19.4 1 18.2 1.7 8.9 19.3 1 11.8 26.5 33.3 44 1.9 28. 1.9 3.5 2.6 132.6 8.6 3.2 99.8 2.1 2.9 1.7 41.9 2. 1.9 3.3 1.6 2.2 4 3.4 38.1 12.2 2.6 16 1.2 1.4 28.4 56.1 42.8 8.7 12 7 1.3 8.2 2 27.4 7.3 8.6 19.2 1 19.8 1.8 9.7 111.7 1 11.9 26.5 3 447.6 1.9 29.7 1.9 2.5 132. 8.7 3.1 99.7 2.2 3. 1.6 43.2 2. 1.9 3.4 1.6 2.2 47.7 3.3 39. 12.5 2.7 17.6 1.2 1.4 29.6 56.9 46.3 8.9 i 12 7 1.3 12.5 " 2 27.5 69.5 8.6 19.1 1 19.8 1.7 9.8 111.3 1 11.9 26.5 3 446.5 1.9 29.6 1.9 2.6 131.7 8.7 3. 99.5 2.1 2.9 1.5 43.2 2. 1.9 3.4 1.6 2.2 47.5 3.3 39.2 12.4 2.6 169.4 1.2 1.4 29.2 5 46.1 8.8 123.5 7 1.3 12.5 Services 139.2 14 351. 52.9 59. 9.2 88.9 13.2 26.6 61 53.3 39.8 81.8 13 169.4 2,3 16.6 21. 129.9 38.9 12.1 21.8 13. 38.3 432.4 49. 16 17.4 49 21.9 9.5 19.1 29.9 22.2 2.5 1.6 172.2 9.9 13. 18.9 7.9 2 1 233.2 48.1 152.5 77.3 7.8 26.7 849. 6.9 18.1 8.5 22.6 178.8 326.6 121.6 38.8 61 316.7 51.1 58.9 138.8 146.1 36.8 53.4 61.1 9 929 1 28. 637.1 52.1 39.9 81.4 138.4 17 2,136.7 1 22. 137.6 38.7 12.7 22.9 12.7 4.6 45 171.8 17.8 511.7 23.1 9.7 19. 29.2 2 21.3 1.3 181.2 9.5 12.8 19.7 8.6 2 1 24 4 161.7 78. 8. 26.7 882.8 6.8 19.7 8.5 23.1 187.9 347.7 12 4. 631.1 329.8 51.3 58.4 " 139.2 146.6 361.9 5 61.5 9 91.4 1 28.1 641.3 52.1 8.5 138.5 17 2,13.2 17.2 21.9 138.3 38.2 12.8 23.2 12.6 4.1 45 5.4 17.8 17.6 51.5 23. 9.6 19.2 29.3 2 21.1 1.1 181. 9.9 12.7 19.7 8.7 26. 1 247.3 49.1 161.7 78.3 7.8 27.4 882.7 7.1 19.6 8.7 2 186.1 347.5 126. 4.4 639. 331.5 52.5 61.9 Government 6.2 62.3 29 51.4 7.2 5 66.2 7. 9.6 37 3 29.8 57. 77.3 76.7 1,419.4 9.6 17.6 127.5 2 13.1 21.6 2 31.6 189.5 49.8 86.3 2 236.3 2 12.6 11.3 22.3 32.1 16.9 8.4 13.6 11. 11.2 6.2 1 11.4 16.1 17.2 1 4 7.3 1 596.2 2 5.8 12.1 13 176.5 98.5 16.7 432. 168.5 27.6 46.3 59.2 6.1 28 48.6 68.4 49.8 62.5 6.8 8.5 35 33.5 29.3 5 69.8 72.2 1,49.1 9.2 16.6 119. 22.7 12.8 2.8 23.4 3.1 187.4 47.4 81.8 2 231.5 2 12.9 1.7 2 32.1 16.5 8.2 12 11.1 1.1 1 12. 15 16. 11. 37.1 5.8 12.3 562.6 21.1 11.4 13.3 167.9 9 16.2 41. 159.4 2 46.6 " 59.8 6.9 298.8 49.5 7.7 5 66.5 7.1 9.5 381.6 3 3. 56.8 79. 76.6 1,45 9.9 18. 1 2 13.5 21.9 26.7 192.5 49.1 87.2 2 239.5 2 1 11.3 2 33. 17.4 8.8 13 11.5 1.6 6. 1 12.5 16 17.7 1 4 7.2 1 586.2 22.8 11.6 13 172.9 98.3 16.5 43 173. 28.4 4 See footnotes at end of table. 92 Digitized for FRASER

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls n States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Total Mining Construction State and area (> " ' 1 West Virginia Charleston Huntington-Ashland... Parkersburg-Marietta. Wheeling 682.3 12 11 67.3 62.1 691.1 125.8 11 66.1 62.7 69 12 117. 66.7 62.9 28.2 1.8 1.6.4 1.7 27.4 1.6 1.6.3 1.6 27.8 1.6 1.6.3 1.6 38.6 7.5 6.5 2.5 37.9 7.7 2.3 38.1 7.9 2.3 Wisconsin Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah. Eau Claire Green Bay Janesville-Beloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee-Waukesha Racine Sheboygan Wausau Wyoming. Casper... 2,52 182.5 6 122.7 6 46.9 6 25.9 79 78.2 56.6 58.7 226.1 29.7 2,556.8 186.7 63.2 126.1 66.1 46.5 6 25 82.9 78.3 57.9 59.3 226. 29.2 2,568.9 187.9 6 126.3 6 47.5 66.1 256.3 86.1 78.1 57.4 59.7 226.7 29.3 ( 1 ) 2.8 18.2 2.1 n o C) o 3. 18. 1.8 2.9 18. 1.8 17. 1.3 2.7 6.5 2.8 2. 2.9 11.7 31.4 3.3 2.4 2.7 1 1.7 11 1. 3.3 7.4 3.1 2. 3.4 13.4 3 3.2 2.5 2.6 16.1 1.9 112.8 1. 3.1 7.2 3.1 2. 3.4 13.2 33.4 3.1 2.6 2.7 15.8 1.8 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan-Bayamon. Virgin slands 888.5 57.6 66.3 7.5 55 42.7 97.4 59. 67.4 73.1 5 43.2 886.8 57.7 66.1 69.8 55 (").9 O.5 ('') 1..6 o 1..6 46.5 1.3 3.2 33.4 1.8 47.6 1.7 33. 1.6 47.1 1.8 32.5 See footnotes at end of table. 93

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) State and area Manufacturing P Transportation and public utilities p Wholes ale and reta il trade ^ West Virginia Charleston Huntington-Ashland Parkersburg-Marietta Wheeling 82.5 1.1 17.9 12.8 6.5 8 1.1 18. 13. 8 1.1 18.2 13.1 4.4 9.3 6.8 2.7 41.1 9.2 7.1 2.6 4.6 9.1 7. 2.6 157.5 31.6 29.2 16.7 15.8 161.8 31.1 3.1 16.8 1 161.5 31.2 3.2 16.7 1 Wisconsin Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah. Eau Claire Green Bay Janesville-Beloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee-Waukesha Racine Sheboygan Wausau 593.1 59.2 1.7 26.7 19.2 1.3 12.1 28.5 17 2 2 16.2 67.6 61.1 1.4 27.9 19.9 1.5 12. 3.3 178.4 2 2 1 62. 6.1 1.5 27.2 19.8 1.6 12.1 3.1 178.1 2 2 16.2 118.5 6.9 3.5 8.5 2.5 1.8 2.9 8. 38.4 2.6 2. 11 6.8 3.2 8. 2.5 1.9 2.9 7.5 37.7 2.5 1.9 3.4 117.9 6.9 3.3 8. 2.6 1.9 2.8 7.7 38.3 2.5 2. 3.5 578.3 38.4 17.5 28.9 1 12.9 17.1 55.8 171.1 1 9.8 1 59 39.3 17.3 3.2 1 13.2 17.8 57.4 17 17. 9.6 1 589.2 4.1 17.6 29.9 1 13.2 17.9 57.9 172.5 16.8 9.5 1 Wyoming Casper 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.8 1 1.7 1 1.6 1 1.6 52.9 8.4 5 8.3 53.3 8.2 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan-Bayamon Virgin slands 152.1 1 19.1 11.2 69.4 2.9 152.3 1 18.5 11.2 7. 2.4 152.3 1 18.7 1.9 7. 23.2.7.7 2. 17.8 2.4 23.3.5.6 23 18.3 2.2 23.3.6.6 2.2 18.3 17 12.9 1.4 12.9 11 9.9 169.9 12.9 1.4 12. 111.9 1. 169.5 12.7 1.5 11.8 111.7 (? ) See footnotes at end of table. 94

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry Continued (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED State and area Finance, insurance, and real estate? Services p Government West Virginia Charleston Huntington-Ashland Parkersburg-Marietta Wheeling 26.1 6.6 2.4 3. 2 6.7 2.4 2.9 2 6.7 2.4 2.9 177.2 3 29.4 17.1 2. 181.3 36.5 3.2 1 2.5 182.8 3 3.4 16.3 2.8 131.8 21.7 19.6 1.6 9. 131.6 22.9 19.2 1.1 9.9 Wisconsin Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah Eau Claire Green Bay Janesville-Beloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee-Waukesha Racine Sheboygan Wausau 13 9.2 2.2 8.1 2. 1.6 2.6 2.8 56.3 2.3 2.2 137.9 9.6 2.2 9.3 2.1 1.6 2.9 21. 58.9 2.1 2.2 137. 9.6 2.2 9.4 2.1 1.6 3. 2.6 58.8 2.1 2.2 63. 39.5 16.3 31.2 1 11.1 18.3 58.3 23 19.8 1.6 11.1 648.8 41.1 16.7 31.7 1 1.6 17.7 59.2 237.8 19.7 1.5 11.3 648. 41.4 16.8 32.2 1 11.1 17.7 59.1 237.9 19.8 1.5 11.1 359.6 18.9 11.8 12.8 7.9 7.2 9.3 67.8 87.9 9.1 5.8 6.9 33 18.8 1.1 11.7 7.4 6.6 8.2 6 8.7 9.3 6.2 Wyoming Casper 8. 1.1 8.1 1.1 8. 1.1 48.1 7.6 51.7 7.8 48.7 7.6 58.5 53.3 Puerto Rico Caguas Mayaguez Ponce San Juan-Bayamon 4.8 1.6 1.5 2. 32.7 4.8 1.6 1.5 2.1 33.3 4.8 1.5 1.5 2.1 33.2 157.9 1.3 11.3 1 16.7 156.6 9.9 11. 1 16.9 159.1 1. 1.7 1 19.1 292.4 16.2 2.1 2 178.4 31 18. 21.7 27.3 188.2 Virgin islands 2.1 1.9 9.9 1. 1 1 Combined with construction. Not available. = preliminary. NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March benchmarks. 95

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours ; j! p i p 4 _ Total private 3 3 3 3 3 Goods-producing 41.9 41.7 41.1 41.5 41.4 Mining 4 4 4 4 4 Metal mining 1 ron ores.11 Copper ores 12 4 4 47.5 43.5 4 4 43.4 4 4 4 4 46.5 Coal mining 12 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 122 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 46. Oil and gas extraction 13 Crude petroleum and natural gas 13i Oil and gas field services 138 4 43.2 45.8 4 42.2 46. 4 41.3 4 4 41.9 46.1 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 14 Crushed and broken stone 142 Construction General building contractors 15 Residential building construction 152 Operative builders 153 Nonresidential building construction 154 Heavy construction, except building 16 Highway and street construction 161 Heavy construction, except highway 162 47.9 49.6 4. 38.8 37.7 38.8 39.9 4 47. 43.5 47.6 48.7 39.6 38.7 37.8 39.8 39.4 43.3 4 42.6 47.9 49.4 39.7 38.8 37.3 38.8 4.3 4 4 43.2 48.7 49.7 39.9 38.9 37.3 39.8 4.3 4 4 43.3 4. Special trade contractors 17 Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning 171 Painting and paper hanging 172 Electrical work 173 Masonry, stonework, and plastering 174 Carpentry and floor work 175 Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work 176 39.1 39.7 37.7 4. 36.8 36.2 36.6 38.9 39.7 37.4 36.3 36.5 36.2 39. 39.9 37.6 4.3 3 37.3 36. 39.1 39.8 3 4.3 3 37. 3 Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products 24 Logging 241 Sawmills and planing mills 242 Sawmills and planing mills, general 2421 Hardwood dimension and flooring mills 2426 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 243 Millwork 2431 Wood kitchen cabinets 2434 Hardwood veneer and plywood 2435 Softwood veneer and plywood 2436 Wood containers 244 Wood buildings and mobile homes 245 Mobile homes 2451 Miscellaneous wood products 249 42.4 43.1 41.5 41.1 42.6 43.2 4.6 41.3 4.9 4.9 42.5 43.2 41.7 42. 4.8 42.3 43.1 41.6 42.6 43.2 4.5 41.7 4.8 41.2 43.1 4 39.5 42.4 42.7 41.1 41.5 42.2 41.1 41.9 41.9 42.4 39.9 4.9 4.7 39.7 41.2 43.3 38.7 41.3 41.4 4. 42. 42.8 41.1 41.7 41.8 42.5 39. 41.1 4.8 39.7 41.9 4 39.3 4.8 4.9 4.6 41.7 42.5 41.2 6.6 6. 6.2 3.3 6.5 3.1 j 3.4! 3.5 i 6.2 i 3.2 j : ; 3.4 Furniture and fixtures 25 Household furniture 251 Wood household furniture 2511 Upholstered household furniture 2512 Metal household furniture 2514 Mattresses and bedsprings 2515 Office furniture 252 Public building and related furniture 253 Partitions and fixtures 254 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 259 41.2 4.1 39.5 4.5 41.5 43. 42.1 43.4 4.8 41.2 4.3 4.8 39.6 42.2 39.1 42.2 43.2 43.1 4.5 4. 38.9 39.1 38.5 39.9 39.3 4.5 43.5 42. 4. 4.1 39.4 39.5 39. 4.3 39.9 38.9 42.3 42.5 4.3 4. 3.1 2.9 2.6 6.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.1 5.8 3.5 3.2 2.5 i 2.5 2.2; 2.2 3.4 j! 2.9 See footnotes at end of table. 96

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued Total private Goods-producing ndustry 1987 SC Code $11.22 12.87 Average hourly earnings $11.28 12.85 $11.39 13.9 p $11.56 13.2 p $11.62 13.18 $39.46 539.25 Average weekly earnings $39 535.85 i T p $396.37! $399.981 $48 i 538. 547.81 545 Mining 12 11 11 14 19 677.37 673 686 697.971 7.25 Metal mining ron ores Copper ores 1 11 12 13 18.92 12 16.52 18.91 16 16.86 18.3 1 16.88 18.76 1 727.85 838.16 68.2 718.62 841.5 649.25 731.72 792 689.92 751.16 853.58 692.85 Coal mining Bituminous coal and lignite mining 12 122 17.66 17.89 17.71 17.95 18.46 18.68 18.51 18.73 81.76 812.21 82.26 89.55 828.85 844 841 861.58 Oil and gas extraction Crude petroleum and natural gas Oil and gas field services 13 131 138 18 18.4 11.78 19 18.39 11.68 17 18.73 12.1 16 18.85 12.4 636 798 539.52 628.41 776.6 537.28 632.34 773.55 546.92 642.2 789.82 554 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels Crushed and broken stone Construction General building contractors Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction Heavy construction, except building Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway 14 142 15 152 153 154 16 161 162 13.27 12.7 17 15 13.4 13.46 18 16 17 1 13.34 12.68 15 13 13.16 13 12 16 19 19 13.56 12.88 15 13 13.9 17 14 13 18 14 19 13. 19 14 13.33 15 19 12 13 1 18 633 629.92 598.8 549.2 491.61 522.25 68 664 73.59 64 638 617.52 598 55.7 497.45 545 599.67 652.1 68.51 638.57 649.52 636.27 61.46 552.12 488.26 538.16 617 658.41 71.35 636.77 666.7 646.1 61.7 561.72 j 497.21 567.15 62.22! 669.82 72.59 647 Special trade contractors Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning Painting and paper hanging Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentry and floor work Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work 17 171 172 173 174 175 176 18 14 12 16.53 11 17 13.34 14 16 19 16.55 14 19 13.44 12 15.84 17 16.79 19 11 13.52 12 14 17 16.94 19 15 13.41 597.45 616.94 528 661.2 559.73 549.15 488.24 596.73 616 519.49 661 553.21 569 486.53 68 632.2 529.3 676.64 564 56 486.72 61.74 631 519.43 682.68 564 556.85 488.12 Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Logging Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring mills... Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wood containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products 24 241 242 2421 2426 243 2431 2434 2435 2436 244 245 2451 249 12.14 12.76 9.95 11.71 1.1 1.45 8.69 1. 1.28 9.3 8.66 12.1 7.53 9.82 9.87 9.22 12.1 12.7 9.96 11.82 1.13 1.47 8.72 1.1 1.32 9.28 8.6 11.97 7.5 9.8 9.89 9.24 12.34 12.89 1.2 11.85 1.38 1.74 8.9 1.2 1.4 9.54 8.92 12.39 7.67 1.23 1.36 9.61 12.45 13.2 1.29 12.9 1.46 1.83 8.97 1.26 1.47 9.61 8.98 12.42 7.77 1.27 1.39 9.68 12.42 12.94 1.27 514 549.96 412.93 481.28 43.26 451.44 352.81 413. 42.45 38.37 368.5 518.83 32.71 49.49 414 376.18 511.83 547.37 414 476 431.54 452.3 353.16 417.42 421.6 382.34 37.66 542.24 296.25 412 422.3 379.76 512.11 546 419.22 496.52 432 458 351 417.18 423.28 378.74 367.5 539 296.83 422.5 428.9 38 522.9 557.26 422.92 55 437.23 46.28 349.83 421.69 427.18 381.52 376.26 542.75 36 419.2 425 393.1 Furniture and fixtures Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures See footnotes at end of table. 25 251 2511 2512 2514 2515 252 253 254 259 9.69 9.12 8.56 9.9 8.93 9.64 1.53 9.95 1.96 9.71 9.7 9.12 8.59 9.98 8.83 9.46 1.51 9.98 11.2 9.781 9.88 9.36 8.81 1.13 9.7 9.93 1.59 1.8 1.98 9.99 9.95 9.45 8.95 1.15 9.7 1.7 1.55 1.29 11.2 1.1 9.89 399.23 361 341 391.5 361.67 4.6 452.79 418.9 476 396.17 399.64 367.54 35.47 391 372.63 369.89 443.52 431.14 476 396.9 39 36 347 39.1 361.89 39.25 428.9 438.48 461.16 399.6 399. 372.33 353.53 395.85 362 41.79 41.4 437 468.35 47.3 L 97

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours p! p Durable goods Continued Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Ready-mixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products 32 321 322 3221 3229 323 324 325 326 327 3271 3272 3273 329 3291 3292 4 5. 42.5 4 41.5 4 43.2 42.1 4.6 4 46.8 4 47. 42.8 43.3 4.5 4 48.5 4 4 4 4 43.2 41.8 4.8 4 46.2 4 4 43.2 4 4.6 4 46.5 42.8 4 42.1 41.4 4 41.5 46.2 46.3 4 46.5 42.5 41. 42.2 4 4 42.7 4 41.3 42.7 43.5 41.5 41.4 4 47.1 4 46.6 42.8 4.8 42.8 4 6.5 9.6 5.8 8.9 8.8 7.3 9.8 2.6 6.2 9.3 5.8 8.2 8.4 6.7 8.8 2.6 6.1 7.9 8.7 8.3 7.3 9.5 2.4 Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes ron and steel foundries Gray and ductile iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries (castings) Aluminum foundries 33 331 3312 3317 332 3321 3322 3325 333 3334 335 3351 3353 3357 336 3365 4 45.8 46.3 4 4 4 46. 4 43.4 42.6 4 4 47.2 4 43.2 42.6 4 4 4 4 4 4 48.7 4 43.4 43. 4 4 4 4 43.1 42.3 43.3 4 4 4 43.5 4 46.5 41.7 42.7 42.5 4 4 46.8 4 41.4 41.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 42.7 41.7 4 4 46. 4 42.4 42.2 4 4 6.9 7.2 7.7 6.2 7.7 8.9 7.9 6. 7.3 8.5 7.7 6.3 6.9 7.2 7.7 6. 7.7 8.7 8.7 6.2 7.1 8.4 7.1 6.1 6. 6.3 6.7 5.8 6.9 7.3 7. 7.3 6.1 Fabricated metal products Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, handtools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fixture fittings and trim Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings ron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, except for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings, nee Misc. fabricated wire products 34 341 3411 342 3423,5 3429 343 3432 3433 344 3441 3442 3443 3444 3446 345 3451 3452 346 3462 3465 3469 347 3471 3479 348 3483 349 3494 3496 43.2 4 4 42.9 42.8 42.7 42.7 41.1 4 42.6 43.2 42. 43. 41.7 42.2 43.1 42.7 43.5 4 42.5 47.4 43.2 41.8 41.7 42. 4 4 42.7 42.1 41.7 43.2 4 4 42.7 42.6 42.4 42.8 41.6 4 42.6 43.1 42.1 43.1 41.6 41.3 43.5 43.3 4 4 42.7 46.9 43.2 41.9 41.8 42. 42.3 41.9 43. 43.2 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.4 41.6 42.1 4.9 41.1 4.7 41.9 42.4 4 41.4 43.4 41.4 41.7 42.3 41.8 43. 4 41.7 4 41.8 4.5 41.1 41.9 42. 41.7 41.8 4.9 42.9 43. 43.3 42.9 43.2 42.4 42.1 42.6 42.2 42.9 4 41.7 4 41.9 41.7 43.3 42.5 4 4 43.3 46.1 42.5 41.1 4.6 41.9 42. 42.3 42.5 42.9 41.4 42.6 7.3 7.1 3.5 6. 6.2 6.7 8.1 6.8 6.7 6.1 6.7 8. 3.3 6.2 3.5 3.5 3. 6.3 5.8 6.3 3.3 3.5 See footnotes at end of table. 98

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued,ndustr y ; -.qgy nvciayc VJU ly c sic r Sep,: oct : : '! : ' Durable goods Continued Stone, clay, and glass products 32 $12.27 $12.22 $12.46 Flat glass 321 19.34 18.34 18.1 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ; 322 13 11; 12: Glass containers ;3221 : 14 16; 15; Pressed and blown glass, nee ;3229 13.1 13.34 13.59 Products of purchased glass :323 1.59 1.53 1.93 Cement, hydraulic :324 15.83, 15.83 16.18 Structural clay products 325 1.74' 1.73 1.89 Pottery and related products 326 1.63 1.68 : 1.64: Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products '327 11.9 11.88 s 12.8. Concrete block and brick 3271 11.19 11.2, 11.28 Concrete products, nee ;3272 1.58 1.47 1.83 Ready-mixed concrete : 3273! 12.67 12.75 12.84 Misc. nonmetallic mineral products ;329 12.56 12.43 12.9 Abrasive products 3291, 1.9 : 1.81 11.22; Asbestos products ;3292 j 15 11 16. Primary metal industries!33 1; 17. 1- Blast furnaces and basic steel products J331 17.5; 17.8 17.44' Blast furnaces and steel mills >3312 18.34 18.42. 18.84J Steel pipe and tubes ^3317 13.43: 13.37. 13 : ron and steel foundries ;332 13.35 13.22 13.18 Gray and ductile iron foundries 13321 11 19 12: Malleable iron foundries 3322 ; 15. 14 17: Steel foundries, nee 3325 : 11.97: 12.7 12.8 : Primary nonferrous metals 333 ; 12 12 1 Primary aluminum!3334 ; 15' 11 15.86: Nonferrous rolling and drawing J335 ; 13.36; 13.37 1^ Copper rolling and drawing ;3351 13.23 13.29 1; Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil '3353 12 1 19; Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating J3357 13.37 13.35 13; Nonferrous foundries (castings) ;336 11.31 11.3 11.39' Aluminum foundries :3365 1.61 1.7 ; 1.83! Fabricated metal products 34 11.99 ; 11.92; 12.1 Metal cans and shipping containers 341 19 17 15.81' Metal cans -3411 : 16.66' 16.39, 16.81 : Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 342 11.87: 11.89 12.5; Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws... 3423,5 11.7 11.15 11.25; Hardware, nee 3429 11.95 : 11.88 12.12; Plumbing and heating, except electric 343 1.6' 1.71 1.75. Plumbing fixture fittings and trim J3432 9.88; 1.16 1.18: Heating equipment, except electric J3433 1.97, 1.87 11.8 Fabricated structural metal products ;344 11.8: 11.5 11.34 Fabricated structural metal ; 3441 11.16 11.1; 11.3^ Metal doors, sash, and trim :3442 9.37 9.34; 9.6 : Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) ;3443 12.42 12.42 12.66 Sheet metal work ;3444. 11.3 11.24 11.7: Architectural metal work ;3446 1.27 1.52; 1.68! Screw machine products, bolts, etc!345 11.83 11.86 12.2: Screw machine products :3451 11.11 11.71 11.38 : Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers 3452 12.62^ 12.74' 12.73; Metal forgings and stampings ;346 19; 19. 19J ron and steel forgings ;3462 ; 11; 19. 13.47! Automotive stampings 3465 16.64 16.27 16.24 Metal stampings, nee 3469! 11.22: 11.23 11.47J Metal services, nee '347 9.96: 9.9 1.25 : Plating and polishing 3471 [ 9.9 9.87: 1.12 Metal coating and allied services ;3479 ; 1.6; 9.95 1.44 Ordnance and accessories, nee 348 ; 18; 15 12; Ammunition, except for small arms, nee ;3483 19; 11 11 Misc. fabricated metal products 349 11.27 11.24 11.42; Valves and pipe fittings, nee :3494 11.54: 11.49 11.7^ Misc. fabricated wire products 3496 1.7 1.5 1.19; See footnotes at end of table. arnings : p : $12.55; 17.94' 16 12. 11' 1.97; 16.38: 1.93 1.75: 12.13. 11.38 1.82' 12.92: 12.94! 11.39: 17: 19' 17.59. 19.4' 18' 13.26; 14: 16.12: 12.191 16.19 16.14; 14: 13.37: 1: 12: 11.42' 1.9 12.21 15.88', 16.88; 12.23: 11.42' 12.32 1.86; 1.32: 11.16: 11.42: 11.46' 9.66 1 12.67; 11.73; 1.8: 12.17 11.51: 12.9' 11; 15. 19, 11.5: 1.19! 1.13; 1.29' 17: 191 11.48 11.72. 1.2: ' p : $12.57, ; -! - : - : - ; ; - : - -- - - 16' 17.26: - ; - : - ' - ; :! -. - ; 12.16! - ; ;! - ; 1 - : - 1 ' - : ;! ; 1 - ;! - - 1 - : ; -! - : 1 j $542.33! 967.1 579.28; 622.29: 545! 466! 686! 452.15! 431.58! 552.16! 529! 474! 599! 537.57; 471.97; 617.63! 648.! 78.89; 849.14; 6.32! 68.76! 659.34! 683.1! 53.27! 677.91 i 67.95! 671 596.67! 727.82! 593; 488.59; 451.99! 517.97! 698.43! 741.371 59.22! 47 j 51.27; 452.62! 46.7! 488; 472.l 482.11; 393.54! 536! 471.21 j 433.39J 59.87 i 47! 548.97! 65.43! 586.93! 788.74! 48; 416.33J 412.83 j 422.521 61; 633.21 j 481.231 485.83! 419.92! Average weekly earnings $54.12 889.49 68 631.54 589 463 686 448.51 434 541.73 517.44 462 582.68 536.98 477.8 617.53 642.34 772.2 839.95 589.62 61.51 642.14 78.11 53J 677.91 j 671.23 598.98 599.38 717.49 588.74 487.3 452.61 514 676.28 721.16 57.7! 479! 51 j 458.39; 422.661 476.111 47.731 478.411 393.21 j 53; 467.581 438! 511.! 479.33 i 556.74! 639.97! 586! 763.6 4841 4111 412.57J 417.9! 581.63! 591.21! 483.32 496.37 421.1j $54; 837.47; 6.6! 638! 572.14; 452.5! 77.7; 451.94! 427.73: 558.1 522.26' 487.35; 597.6, 548.25! 46.2! 67; 632.18! 767! 828.96! 69! 573.33! 62 721; 54] 678.93; 675! 67! 597.4! 723: 62.99! 471.55 449.45; 51.62 67.34! 712.74! 51.28 1 473! 491; 441.83! 413! 465! 48.82 i 496.7; 397.44! 549.44! 488! 4461 58.45 i 478! 547.39! 62.1! 561.7! 737.3! 479.451 413; 46.82' 429.8! 587.44! 622.2; 476.21! 489.6 416.77! ; p : $552.2' 816.27' 617.44: 647.59: 593' 468.42 712.53 45 445; 562.83; 536.; 49.15! 62.7! 553 ; 46V 676; 643.42! 772 843.47; 61.72; 586.9; 618.65! 71.89; 531.48; 691.31! 673.4! 611.43! 597.64: 717.6! 68.3! 481! 459.98! 521: 682.84.! 73.9! 527! 493.34! 522.37; 457.21! 439.63! 47.95 i 489.92; 56.53: 42.82! 561.28; 491.49; 46] 526.96; 489.18' 568.89' 639.8' 598! 76.19! 488.75! 418.81; 411.28! 431.15. 594, 638! 487.9! 52.79! 422.28! 99

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours ndustry Durable goods Continued ndustrial machinery and equipment. Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets. nternal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil and gas field machinery Conveyors and conveying equipment ndustrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven handtools Special industry machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery Food products machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Computer and office equipment Electronic computers Computer terminals, calculators, and office machines, nee Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. industrial and commercial machinery Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3552 3555 3556 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3571 3575,8,< 358 3585 359 3592 3596,9 4 4 42.7 4! 43.1 4 4 42.3 43.4 46.6 43.4 43.3 4 4 4 4 4 42.7 43.5 41.5 42.9 4 4 4 4 4 4 42.9 43.3 42.9 4 41.6 4 4 43.4 42.7 4 4 4 42.4 4 42.6 42.7 4 42.2 4 j 46.2 j 4! 43.5 4 j 4! 4 4 i 4 43.2 43.5! 41.9 j 42.3 i 4 i 4 4 4! 4 43. 43.3 43.5 42.5 43.4 41.3 43.5 4 43.5 4 4 43. 4 ; 39.9 45.8! 4.7 41.1 4 42.9 42.3 46.9 43.4 42.5 43.4 4 4 43.4 4 42.6 42.8 41.5 42.2 42.4 43. 42.4 4 4 42.8 42.6 43.2 42.4 4 4.7 42.9 43.5 42.8 43.5 j 42.8 43.4 4 41.3 4 41.6 42.3 4 43.1 42.4 i 47. ; 43.1 ; 42.9! 4 ' 4 4 j 4 : 4 i 43. j 43.4 41.7 42.3 42.8 j 43.4 j 43.1 i 4! 4 42.7 43. 42.8! 43. j 4 ; 42.4! 42.6 42.9 43.3! 45.8! 43.1 j 43. 7.1 6. 6.3 6.5 6.7 7. 7.7 6.2 ; 1_ ~"~~ "" ; ;!! ;! :!! 6.7 6.7!! 6.6! 6.7 ; 7.9 7.1 ;! j 5.8 ; : : : : 7.8 5.8 ; 6.9 : : 3.4 ; 3.4! ; 6.1 ; 5.8 ; 5.8!,. : : ' 2.8 ; 3.! : 7.3 ; 6.3! : 6.! 6.2 j 6.5 6.5 ; :! i '. 6. ;! i ; ; 3.5!!! p Electronic and other electrical equipment.. Electric distribution equipment Transformers, except electronic Switchgear and switchboard apparatus. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Relays and industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Household audio and video equipment... Household audio and video equipment. Communications equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Electronic components and accessories. Electron tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies.. Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3625 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 367 3671 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 42.2 41.3 J 41.4 41.3 i 43.! 43.3 j 42.3 41.4 42.5 41.6 41.6 42.3 4 41.3 42.6 38.6 42.3 42. 42.3 4 41.7 42.4 41.9 41.5 4 4 4 42.3 : 41.7 41.6 41.9 42.6 42.7 42.3 j 41.4 i 4.6 4.9! 42.7 42.6 4 41.2 4 4.5 42.4 41.8 42.5 ] 4 41.7 42.9! 41.8 41.3 j 4 4 j 4! 41.4 41. i 4.8 41.2 4.7 j 4.8 i 39.8! 4.6 j 42.4 38.7! 4.5 j 4.9 42.9! 39.5! 41.8! 4.5 ' 4.5 4.5 42.9 46.2 41.4 4.5 4.7 41.8 42.5 4 41.6 42.2 41.4! 41.3 ; 41.6 j 41.6 i 41.8 4.6 j 41.3 43.3 38. 41.6 i 41.2! 4! 4.! 41.6! 4.3 ; 41.7 41.5 4 48.3! 42.2 i 4.3 42.1 j 42.3! 43.2 47. 42.2! 42.3 2.5 7.2 5.8 : : l! : i! 3.1 :.7!! : ; ; 3.5 : 5.8! ; : : 6. 8.1 6.1! 3.2 i j 3.5! 3.4! 3.4! 2.9 3. ; 2.4 i 3.5: 3.4 2.8 i 3.3 j 2.4! 2.2 ; ' 3.1 ; i ; ; ;! j 6.9 ' See footnotes at end of table. 1

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average hourly earnings p! p i! Average weekly earnings [ p! p Durable goods Continued ndustrial machinery and equipment Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets nternal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil and gas field machinery Conveyors and conveying equipment ndustrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven handtools Special industry machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery Food products machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, dnves, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Computer and office equipment Electronic computers Computer terminals, calculators, and office machines, nee Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. industrial and commercial machinery Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee Electronic and other electrical equipment Electric distribution equipment Transformers, except electronic Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Relays and industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Current-carrying wiring devices Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Household audio and video equipment Household audio and video equipment Communications equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment 35 351 3511 3519 352 3523 353 3531 3532 3533 3535 3537 354 3541 3542 3544 3545 3546 355 3552 3555 3556 356 3561 3562 3563 3564 3566 3568 357 3571 3575,8,< 358 3585 359 3592 3596,9 36 361 3612 3613 362 3621 3625 363 3632 3633 3634 364 3641 3643 3644 3645 365 3651 366 3661 367 3671 3674 3679 369 3691 3694 $13.4 16.29 17.72 1 12.8 1 12.79 15 17 11.89 12.1 11.59 1 18 1 17 12. 11.33 13.49 11.55 15 13.15 12.83 16 13 13.37 1.63j 15 12.71 13.41 19 13. 11.62 11.77 12.46 13.51 12.18 11.57 11.31 1.7 11.99 1.99 1.27 12.56 11. 11.55 18 8.88 11.25 11.93 11.14 1.5 8.38 11.61 12.27 12.44 15 11.3 13.54 18 9.73 12.91 14 13.45 $13.3 1 17.52 15 12.66 13.53 12.74 13.55 18 11.78 12.31 11.58 12 11 15 16 12.2 11.28 13.5 11.62 15 13.6 12.9 1 11 13.4 1.67 13 12.72 13.22 17 13.18 11.69 11.93 12.49 12 12.16 11.51 11.15 1.47 11.89 1.92 1.23 12.38 1.9 11.73 17 8.79 11.9 11.52 11.7 1.42 8.47 11.6 12.42 12.37 13 11.26 13.5 14 9.611 13. 15 13.45j $13.23 16.6 17.43 17 12.7 13.38 12.85 13.25 17 12.42 12.63 11.85 19 19 13 1 12.27 11.62 12 11.75 16 13.38 12.91 17 16 13.43 1.82 17 12.6 15 15 13 11.91 12.13 12.8 1 12.53 11.73 11.45 1.68 12.31 11.14 1.41 12.71 11.39 11.95 11 9.32 11.57 12.29 11.62 1.68 8.44 11.31 11.69 12.2 13.12 11.6 13.34 12 9.79 13.25 16 19 $13.32 16.24 17.47 15.8 13.9 1 12.87 13.22 12 12.59 12.54 11.81 16 17 13 14 12.43 11.65 11 11.86 16 13.49 13.3 13 12 13.26 1.76 19 12.68 15 19 13.52 12.11 12.35 12.95 13 12.69 11.78 11.55 1.78 12.41 11.21 1.5 12.77 11.36 12.1 14 9.3 11.69 12.52 11.65 1.69 8.52 11.13 11.55 12. 13.1 11.67 13.26 17 9.85 13.42 18 15 $13.35J $569.85J - 72.2 756.64 73; 551.68 598.69 558.92 581.63 593.28 557 524 51.85 66.91 63.5 619.62 634 523.2 489! 586.821 479.33 662.81 576 563.24, 68.45 658 6.31 i 463 589 54 579 65.77 11.8 54.81 512.44 533.18 54.76 576.88 531.51! 488.251 467.1 442.981 499! 472.57! 449 531.29 45 49.88 573.25 369.41 475.88 542.82 46.8J 447.3 323.47 491.1 514 526.21 611.11 471.21J 57! 598.33; 4! 567J 639.38! 598.531 $569.41 718! 742.85 71.431 539.32! 577.73; 556.74! 571.81! 66.32! 544 54; 53) 613.28! 637.46; 647.281 67! 528; 487.3; 587.25! 486.881 657.77; 569.42 567.6! 61.21! 658.54; 641 458.81! 598.84; 553.32; 561.85! 626; 5431 58.52! 526.111 543.32J 63; 53.181 486.87 466 435 498.19 469J 436.82! 527! 451.26; 476.24 559.1 373 472.43 52.7 456.8 45 343.4 491.84 519.16 523 68.52 469.54 579.15 593; 396.89] 57; 67.48/ 61.22! $568.89 78.25 696 713.11 516.89 549.92 561.55 568.43 59.93 582.5 548.14 53 62.83 627.1 632 629.3 536.2 491 582.94 487.63 647 567.31 553 592.331 611.23; 59.92; 463.1! 592! 542J 587.24; 669.261 554; 51.941 527.66! 547.84! 69.J 536.28 j 482! 469.45! 434; 57.17; 453.4! 423! 55.86! 462.43; 56.68; 526.71 [ 377.46 473.21! 527.24! 458.99! 442! 341.821 458.6! 473.45,' 5161 66.141 48.24 i 571 599.1 49.22 563.13! 654! 581.98! $578.9 717.81! 721.51! 714; 544; 587.97! 569! 569.78; 598.69 j 591.73; 54.47! 56.65! 617.3! 644J 658! 641.21 j 541.95; 5.95] 591! 496; 649.73 577.371 56! 596.7! 648.71 591.4; 459.45! 65.87! 542.7! 586.95 j 659.63! 573.25! 515.89J 529.82; 56.74 i 637.99! 546.94 i $575 497.12J 499.14 478.17! 441; 516.26J 466.34! 438.9J 518.46! 469.171 52.3! 518.32! 386.88 481.63 563.4 466. i 441 343.36! 462! 479.33! 53.4) 628.38 492.47! 5381 617.61; 416.66; 579.74 j 689.96; 597.13; See footnotes at end of table. 11

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours -4- Sept p _ T _ p Durable goods Continued Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft parts and equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.. Guided missiles and space vehicles Misc. transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers 37 371 3711 3713 3714 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 379 3792 4 4 48.1 42.9 46.1 43.4 42.5 41.5 4 43. 41.3 41.8 4.5 4 42.2 42.8 39.1 39.2 4 4 47.2 4 4 42.9 42.3 41.3 43.2 43.3 41.1 41.8 4. 46.6 42.5 42.8 39.9 4.3 43.4 4 4 4 4 42.7 42.4 4.9 4 42.9 42.1 43.3 4 43.2 4 39.8 39.1 4 4 46.7 42.5 4 42.6 43. 41.4 4 4 42.4 4 4. 4 42.7 43. 39.5 38.2 43.4 4 6.7 8.2 9.6 7.9 3.3 3.2 3.4 6.2 j 2.9 2.5 7.7 i 9. j! 7.4! j j 5.8 3.3 3.3 3.2 j! 2.5 2.5 6. 6.2 6.1 6.6 3.2! 2.3! 1.9 6.2 7.C 7.6 7.( 5.C 6.6 5/ nstruments and related products Search and navigation equipment Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments nstruments to measure electricity Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 41.8 4.9 42.6 43.5 42.9 41.9 ; 41.2! 4.7 41.6 39.2 4! 42.5! 41.8 4.8 42.7 42.9 42.8 42.7 41.1 4.6 41.4 39.6 43.2 43.1 41.2 41.1 41.6 4.9 41.7 41.7 4.9 41.5 38.9 42.5 4.5 41.4 41.6 42.4 42.7 42.6 41.8 4.3 4. 39.8 38.6 4 41.3 41.4 i 2.9! 3.5!! 3.4 j 2.5 3.5 3.2! 2.4!! 3.4 i 2.7! 3.4! 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.9 i i 2.4 3.4 ' 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.4 3. 1.8 6.9 2.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising specialties Nondurable goods 39 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 4.1 38.7 38.5 41. 39.4 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.3 41.3 41.4 4.6 4.1 4.1 41.1 4.9 39.3 41.9 41.2 39.3 39.1 4.6 41.5 41.3 39.9 39.3 38.9 42.2 39.7 38.8 4.3 39.5 38.7 38.2 4.9 4.6 4.3 39.1 38.4 42.4 4.1 4.1 39.8 39.7 4.6 41.7 4.9 4.4 4.6 3.5 2.9 2.7 j 3.3! j! 2.7!!! 2.8 3.2 2.8 3.3 3. 2.7 2.8 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.9 2.1 1.8 3.2 Food and kindred products Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry slaughtering and processing Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee See footnotes at end of table. 2 21 211 213 215 22 222 226 23 232 233 237 24 241 248 42.3 42.1 4 4 39.9 42.5 41.4 43.4 42.9 4 4 4.6 46.2 47. 4 41.8 42. 4 43.1 39.5 42.1 41. 42.3 41.1 4 41.7 39.3 4 47.7 4 41.7 4.3 42.8 41.8 38.3 42.8 41.3 42.5 42.8 42.3 4 41.8 4 46.7 43.3 42. 41.8 4 42.5 39.6 42.6 42.2 42.9 42. 4 4 39.8 46.1 46.5 4 41.4 5.8 6.9 6. 7.1 8.2 8.5 7.9 8. 7.5 6.7 6.! 8.5! 8. 8.7 7.6 J_ 5.8 3.5 6.8 3.5 8.9 6.1 7.4 8.5 6.8 12

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry Durable goods Continued Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment... Motor vehicles and car bodies. Truck and bus bodies 1987 SC Code 37 371 3711 3713 Motor vehicle parts and accessories '3714 Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft parts and equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts. Guided missiles and space vehicles Misc. transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers nstruments and related products Search and navigation equipment Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments nstruments to measure electricity Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles. Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising specialties Nondurable goods. Food and kindred products Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry slaughtering and processing.. Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee See footnotes at end of table. 3715 372 3721 3724 3728 373 3731 3732 374 376 3761 379 3792 38 381 382 3822 3823 3825 384 3841 3842 385 386 387 39 391 3911 393 394 3942,4 3949 395 396 3961 399 3993 2 21 211 213 215 22 222 226 23 232 233 237 24 241 248 Average hourly earnings r! $16.711 $16.52 17.27! 16.98 21.! 2.66 17; 15 191 15 9.97; 1.13 18.7! 18.18! $17.34; $17.56 16.7! 1 12.45; 12.46 17! 13 9.78; 9.88 17! 13 17.73J 17.7! $11.9 $1.99 11.7! 11.1 12.55; 16.87! 12.28J 1.86J 11.75 1 11.22 1.85 1.54 9.38 1 8.53 9.71 9.88 9.8 9.53 9.23 8.91 9.4 1.68 8.35; 7.22! 1.12; 1.49; 11.31 j 1.64 8.82 9.53 1.12 7.86 12.18 11.4 12.82 9.99 13.45 1.5 9.2 13.23 11.41 1.44 12.54 16.93 12.29 1.85 11.86 11 11.22 1.89 1.54 9.35 12 8.4 9.72 9.92; 9.85! 9.66 j 9.18! 8.89; 9.34! 1.79! 8.22! 7.6! 1.16 1.57 11.3 1.65 8.77 9.53 1.7 7.79 12.16 1.76 12.92 1.8 15 1.16 9.2 13.13 11.27 1.51! p r! $16.59 17.8 2.27 1 15.81 1.57 18.18! j $17.12! 16.! 12.71 13 1.17 18J 17.86J j $11.8i 11.15! 12.71! 16.52; 12.58! 11.34; 12.9! 12; 11.48! 11.3! 1.78; 9.66! 111 8.76! i 9.95! 1.18] 1.21 j 1.221 9.42; 9.14 9.58! 1.89i 8.5! 7.32J 1.3! 1.69! i $16.87 17.47 2.69 1 16.9 1.66 18.33 $17.26 16.28 12.67 12 1.22 18 17.95 $11.15 11.29 12.85! 16.65 12.61! 11.361 12.14! 17! 11.73J 11.33; 1.92 9.55i 13] 8.8! i i 1.1 1.23! 1.211 1.571 9.56J 9.9J 9.83! 1.88; 8.57! 7.35J 1.51) 11.! p $16.641 $748.61 17.33J 81.33-11,1.1-625 -! 723.31 - j 432.7-767.98 - $762.96 -! 691.1 - j 519 - i 585 - j 396.9 - i 731.73 -! 748.21 11.58! 11.67! 11.69! 468.23 466.69 1.9 9.2 j 9.61 1.52] 8.8 j 12.34] 11.2 12.96 1.33! 121 1.83; 9.25! 13.44! 11.86; 1.8! 1.97 9.9 9.66] 1.53 8.18 12.48 11.47 13.6 1.46 13.55 1.73 9.65 17 12.9 11.5 1.92 $432! 434] 12.821 529! - ] 689.98; -! 523.13 1 - j 472.41 -! 58 -! 573 -! 462.26 - ; 441.6-438.46 -! 367.7 - ] 666 - ] 362.53 1.14J 389.37 - i 382.36 - ; 377.3 - i 39.73 - ] 371.5-351.5 -! 381.64 -! 43.4-337.34 293.13 47.84 433.24 45.7 371.32 426.94 447 311 517.65 457.6 556.39 428.57 598.53 443.21 366.21 611.23 536.27 477.11 Average weekly earnings $734 779.38 975 631.4 72 438 769.1 $758.59 693 512.11 582.27 39 72 752.25 $438.5 447.33 527 69.74 528 467 57.61 582 461.14 442.13 436.36 37.26 653.18 362.4 393 397.79 399 397.3 376 349.38 391.35 445 323.5 276.5 412.5 438.66 447 368.34 432 432 37.71 511.94 441.16 546.52 419 617.38 427 361.56 62.67 537.58J 478.21' $72.1 754 96.7 627.77 697.22 451.34 77.83 $766.98 68 539 611.83 48.83 68.11 771.55 $44.98 437 525 678.97 523.33 461 55 588.8 469.53 457.75 433.36 377 659.18 358 397.1 4.7 397.17 431.28 377 353 386.7 43.16 328.95 279.62 416 437.22 47.15; 453 j 363.51! 41.88! 439.74 39.46 528.15 462.56 55.8 442.12 58.36 488 386.65 63.46! 556! 467.64 p $747.34 793.14 966.22 625 725! 452! 788.19! $78 79.81 537.21 618 48.8 68.6 767 $44.43 431.28 531.99 692.64 536 487 517.16 592.31 472.72 453.2 432 368.63 681.47 363.44 47.3 399.99 392.6 448.17 383.36 362 398 437.38 341.9 291.8 426.71 458.7 477.31 471 46.74 379.96 43 447.53 323 531.65 483 56.27 439.32 59.78 467.83 387 63.19 562.19 487.31 13

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours p i p Nondurable goods Continued Food and kindred products Continued Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products, except bread Sugar and confectionery products Raw cane sugar Cane sugar refining Beet sugar Candy and other confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. food and kindred products 25 251 252,3 26 261 262 263 264 27 28 282 286 29 4.5 39.5 42.3 41.1 46.3 5.4 39.3 39.9 4 42.5 45.8 41.6 41.2 39.5 41.6 41.7 4 5.9 41.3 4.4 4 42.4 4 41.4 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.6 41.2 42.6 48. 42. 4.6 4 42.9 46.3 42.4 41.3 4.8 4.6 41.1 4.8 4 4 4.3 39.8 4 42.6 4 41.5 41.2 7. 1.3 6.7 7.5 8.5 1.3 6.2 6.8 7.8 8.6 7. 7.7 5.8 Tobacco products Cigarettes 21 211 41.2 41.8 41.9 42.5 4.4 41.3 39.9 39.4 42.1 6.9 6.9 Textile mill products Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics Broadwoven fabric mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Weft knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Carpets and rugs Yarn and thread mills Yarn spinning mills Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 42.1 42.9 41.7 42.9 4.5 41.1 41. 41.1 4.4 41.5 43.2 4 41.9 4 41.5 42. 38.3 43.2 42. 42.7 42.1 4.6 39.8 41.3 4.9 4.6 41.5 4.5 41.4 42.8 43.5 41.9 42.5 41.9 42.4 38.8 42.9 41. 42.8 41.4 38.5 39.7 39.7 4. 37.1 4.9 3 41.6 41.3 42.2 43.2 4.7 41. 38.5 41.7 41.1 42.6 4.9 39.2 4.1 4.7 37.7 4.6 37.4 42.2 41.6 43. 39.9 42.8 4.9 41.4 38.6 41.8 4.6 3.5 3.5 2.6 6.6 6.2 3.1 3.3 3.5 2.6 3. 3.5 3.4 3.4 2.5 2. 3. Apparel and other textile products Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts Men's and boys' trousers and slacks Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and shirts Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments Girls' and children's outerwear Girls' and children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 23 231 232 2321 2325 2326 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 37.8 36.1 38. 37.2 37.5 37.8 35.8 3 36.1 3 35.8 38.2 38.2 38.4 38.8 38.5 37.8 4.3 38.6 4.1 41.8 38. 36.5 38.1 37.3 37.4 38.1 36. 36.2 36.2 3 36.2 38.7 38.7 38.9 38.3 38.1 37.9 4.6 39.2 4.4 41.3 36.9 36.3 36.3 35.8 35.8 36.7 3 3 3 36.8 36. 37.5 37.4 38.1 36. 3 37.6 39. 37.6 39.5 39.8 37.2 3 36.5 35.8 36.2 37.1 35.8 3 3 3 36.2 38. 37.5 39.7 37.5 37.3 37.3 39.8 39. 4.8 36.9 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.4 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.3 2. 2.3 2.3 1.2 2. 1.5 1.8 2. 1.7 1.1 2. 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.2 2. 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7.8 1.8 2.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.8 1.5 2. 1.6 2.9 2. 3.2 3.4 Paper and allied products Paper mills Paperboard mills 26 262 263 4 46. 46.2 4 46.3 4 42.7 4 4 43.3 4 4 43.1 6.3 6.6 8.2 6.1 6.6 8. 6. 7.4 See footnotes at end of table. 14

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average hourly earnings p p Average weekly earnings p Nondurable goods Continued Food and kindred products Continued Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products, except bread Sugar and confectionery products Raw cane sugar Cane sugar refining Beet sugar Candy and other confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. food and kindred products 25 251 252,3 26 261 262 263 264 27 28 282 286 29 $11.79 11.72 11.93 11.58 1.92 18 12.88 1.52 11.32 13 2.58 12.13 9.46 $11.68 11.61 11.79 11.29 1.25 16.1 11.32 1.4 11.25 19 2.56 12.26 9.59 $11.91 12.1 11.72 12.7 11.6 16.59 13 1.83 11.76 15 2.78 12.61 9.87 $11.89 12. 11.68 11.84 11.27 17 13.54 1.66 11.81 11 21.6 12.49 9.95 $477.51 $469.54 462.941 458.6! 54 474 5 89 56.18 419.75 57 643.3 942.56 51 389.75 49.46 47.79 465 819.49 467.52 42.16! 5! 646; 937.54! 57.561 391.27! $481.16 48 475.83 497.28 496 796.32 586 439.7 526.85 658.52 962.11 536 47.63 $481! 487.2; 48.5J 48; 52.64; 7361 546! 427; 526 657! 958.23 j 518.34! 49.94! Tobacco products Cigarettes 21 211 18.89 28 18.71 21 18.84 26 17.95 27 $19.31 778.27 1,1 785! 761.14 1,33.18! 1,6.7 716.211 $812.95 942' Textile mill products Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics Broadwoven fabric mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Weft knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Carpets and rugs Yarn and thread mills Yarn spinning mills Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods 22 221 222 223 224 225 2251 2252 2253 2254 2257 226 2261 2262 227 228 2281 2282 229 9.2 9.72 1.15 9.57 8.4 8.4 7.95 8.17 7.83 8.58 9.39 9.43 9.21 9.94 9.16 8.96 8.94 9.38 1.64 9.19 9.64 1.13 9.48 8.41 8.41 7.91 8.12 7.88 8.59 9.4 9.47 9.21 9.93 9.22 8.94 8.92 9.29 1.57 9.45 9.89 1.39 9.74 8.84 8.71 8.11 8.32 8.1 9.3 9.62 9.6 9.36 9.98 9.47 9.25 9.21 9.56 1.68 9.51 1. 1.45 9.77 8.78 8.76 8.15 8.37 8.18 8.9 9.78 9.64 9.4 1.2 9.53 9.3 9.26 9.58 1.83 9.5 387.32 416.99 423.26 41.55 3 344 325 328.43 321.81 346.63 389.69 47.38 49.85 419 399.38 371.84 378 359.25 459.65 388: 411.63 4271 389! 332! 347.33! 323.521 329.67! 327.2; 347.9! 389.16! 42 i 4.64! 416.7! 391.85 379 378.21 35 453.45 387.45 423.29 43.15 379 35.95 349 32 38.67 331.29 328.69 4.19 398 399 41.2 49.1 378 377.61 368.6 446 39.86 426. 427.41 382.98 352.96 351.28 331.71 315 332.11 332.86 412.72 41.2 4 399.8 47.88 38.37 383.36 369.79 452.69 Apparel and other textile products Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts Men's and boys' trousers and slacks Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and shirts Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments Girls' and children's outerwear Girls' and children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings 23 231 232 2321 2325 2326 233 2331 2335 2337 2339 234 2341 2342 236 2361 238 239 2391 2392 2396 7.44 7.94 7.3 6.92 6.95 6.73 7.4 6.55 7.6 7.54 6.89 7.3 6.81 7.91 6.58 6.5 6.98 8.65 7.35 7.81 11.3 7.43 7.94 7.3 6.91 6.9 6.73 7.7 1 7.52 7.54 6.98 7.1 6.78 7.91 6.66 6.5 6.99 8.58 7.23 7.81 11.4 7.66 8. 7.17 6.99 7.9 7.13 7.38 6.55 8.3 7.98 7.22 7.24 7. 8.1 6.82 6.55 7.14 8.84 7.51 8.11 11.26 7.7 8.11 7.19 7.11 7.16 7.17 7.4 6.58 8.15 8.2 7.24 7.34 7.13 8.6 6.93 6.7 7.23 8.84 7.58 8.15 11.23 7.7 281.23 286.63 267.14 257.42 26.63! 2591 252.3! 238.42 276j 266.16 j 246.66! 268.55 j 26.14! 34 25 25.25 264 348.6 281 313.18 472.34 282.34 289.81 267.84 257.74 258.6 251 252 232.4 272.22! 258.621 252.68) 271.29! 262.39 j 37.7 j 258! 247.65! 262! 348.351 283.421 312 455; 282.65J 29.4! 26.27! 25.241 252 261.67 264 23.56 285.87 296 259.92 271.5 261.8 38.61 242 235 268.46 346 282.38 32.35i 448.15! 284 29 262.44 254 259.19 266.1 262 233.59 284 28.7 262.9 278.92 267.38 319.98 259.88 249.91 269.68 351.83 292 327.63 458.18 Paper and allied products Paper mills Paperboard mills See footnotes at end of table. 26 262 263 16 17.3 17.87 19 17.22 17.8 11 17.87 17.81 12 17.98 18.4 1 619.82 795.8 613! 797.29! 66.77 782.71 829; 817.2; 784 1 62.6! 816.29! 817.21 15

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours p p Nondurable goods Continued Paper and allied products Continued Paperboard containers and boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers Folding paperboard boxes Misc. converted paper products Paper, coated and laminated, nee Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated. Envelopes 265 2653 2656 2657 267 2672 2673 2677 4 4 42.5 4 42.5 43.2 41.7 41.7 4 4 4.9 4 42.3 42.8 41.7 41.9 42.8 43.4 4.8 42.7 41.4 42.3 41.4 4.8 43.2 4 4.4 42.8 41.5 41.8 41.8 41.5 6.7 7.5 6.7 6.3 7.1 6.2 3.3 Printing and publishing!27 Newspapers J271 Periodicals ;272 Books 273 Book publishing 2731 Book printing J2732 Miscellaneous publishing J274 Commercial printing 275 Commercial printing, lithographic J2752 Commercial printing, nee 2759 Manifold business forms 276 Blankbooks and bookbinding J278 Printing trade services J279 39.1 33.1 38.1 41.6 4.1 43.2 37. 4.8 4.6 4.8 41.9 4.1 38.9 33.1 36.5 4. 39.3 4.8 37.5 41. 4.6 41.2 42. 39.7 4. 38.2 32.6 37.8 39.1 41.3 3 39.8 39.7 39.9 41.2 39. 38.6 38.6 32.8 39.2 4.4 38.4 42.6 3 4.4 4.4 41.7 39.3 39.3 38.3 1.5 2.3 2.6 3. 1.4 2.6 3.1 2.1 2.6! 2.8 3.3 1.3 2. 1.7 2.7 Chemicals and allied products j28 ndustrial inorganic chemicals ;281 ndustrial inorganic chemicals, nee 12819 Plastics materials and synthetics J282 Plastics materials and resins J2821 Organic fibers, noncellulosic 2824 Drugs ;283 Pharmaceutical preparations 2834 Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods 284 Soap and other detergents J2841 Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations j 2842,3 Toilet preparations 2844 Paints and allied products 285 ndustrial organic chemicals ;286 Cyclic crudes and intermediates 12865 ndustrial organic chemicals, nee 2869 Agricultural chemicals 287 Miscellaneous chemical products J289 43.1 4 43.3 4 4 43.2 41.3 41. 4.7 42.3 4.4 4. 42.8 4 4 4 46. 43.2 43.4 4 4 4 4 4 41.6 41.2 41.3 41.2 4.1 41.9 43. 4 46. 4 46. 43.4 42.8 4 4 4 4 4 41.5 41.4 4.6 4 39.4 39.5 42.3 4 4 4 4 43.4 43.3 45.8 45.8 4 4 4 41.7 41.6 41.6 4 39.8 41.2 43.2 4 4 4 4 4 43.1 7.3 3.3 6.5 8.3 6. 6.5 5.8 6.3 7. 3.5 6.8 8.6 6.5 6.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 6. 7.5 6. Petroleum and coal products J29 Petroleum refining 1291 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 295 46.3 46.7 4 4 4 46.3 43.2 42.4 45.8 4 42.9 47. 4 7.4 6.9 9.4 7.5 7.1 9.5 6. 9.6 Rubber and misc. plastics products!3 Tires and inner tubes '31 Rubber and plastics footwear J32 Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing 35 Rubber and plastics hose and belting. Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products, nee 352 36 38 42.3 4 39. 42.4 4 42.2 42.2 42.3 4 39.1 42.5 4 42.1 42.1 41.1 43.5 39.5 41.4 42.9 4.6 4.9 41.7 4 39. 41.5 42.6 41.6 41.5 41.7 j 6.1 j 2.1 j! 2. 6.3 2.3 3.3 Leather and leather products Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic. Luggage. Handbags and personal leather goods 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 J317 38.9 43.5 37.8 37.8 38.1 39.8 38.7 39.2 4 37.9 37.8 38. 4.6 39.4 38.6 42.5 37.9 37.8 38.9 38. 38.3 38.6 42.8 37.7 37.6 38.5 38.5 37.7 38.3 2.7! j 1.8! 1.6 j 1.8! 2.6 i 2.8 6. 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 2. Service-producing 32.8 33.1 33. 32.7 32.9 Transportation and public utilities. 4.1 39.9 39.9 39.9 See footnotes at end of table. 16

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average hourly earnings p p Average weekly earnings : p : p Nondurable goods Continued Paper and allied products Continued Paperboard containers and boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers Folding paperboard boxes Misc. converted paper products Paper, coated and laminated, nee Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated Envelopes 265 2653 2656 2657 267 2672 2673 2677 $11.85 11.97 11.55 12.44 12.22 11 11.7 11.36 $11.74 11.88 11.4 12.35 12.14 17 11.49 11.38 $12.1 12.21 12.24 12.7 12.33 13 11.4 11.57 $12.14 12.21 12.27 12.78 12.44 14 11.55 11.68 $58 $521.26! 545.83 538.16; 49.88 466.26! 562.29 547.111 519.35 513.52! 6171 68! 487.89 471 479.13; 476.82! $517.88 529.91 499.39 542.29 51.46 61.93 471.96 472.6 $525! 538.46! 4911 546.98 ; 516.26! 63.59. 482.79 482; Printing and publishing Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, lithographic Commercial printing, nee Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services 27 271 272 273 2731 2732 274 275 2752 2759 276 278 279 12.26 12.1 13.38 11.48 1.98 11.99 11.86 12.5 12.58 12.15 12.97 9.6 12 12.23 12.5 13.48 11.63 11.2 12.9 12.2 12.41 12.51 12.1 12.98 9.58 13 12.34 12.15 13.53 11.48 11.9 11.88 11.68 12.57 12.68 12.23 13.5 9.69 16 12.49 12.27 13.34 11.78 11.42 12.12 11.88 12.72 12.79 12.46 13.16 9.84 14 $12.42 479.37 4.51 59.78 477.57 44.3 517.97 438.82 51. 51.75 492 543.44 382 598 475! 471.39 398.86! 396.9 492.21 511.43 46J 461.5 44.16! 432 493.27; 49.64 45.75! 425 58.81! 5.29 57.91! 53.4 4911 487.98 546! 537.66 38.33 i 377.91 593.2; 588 482.11' 42.46: 522.93^ 471' 438.53; 516.31! 432.43: 519! 516.721 5.89; 548.77! 386.71! 598.93; $479 Chemicals and allied products ndustrial inorganic chemicals ndustrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations Toilet preparations Paints and allied products ndustrial organic chemicals Cyclic crudes and intermediates ndustrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Asphalt paving and roofing materials Rubber and misc. plastics products Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing Rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products, nee Leather and leather products Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods Service-producing Transportation and public utilities 28 281 2819 282 2821 2824 283 2834 284 2841 2842,3 2844 285 286 2865 2869 287 289 29 291 295 3 31 32 35 352 36 38 31 311 314 3143 3144 316 317 17 16.92 17.37 12 17.53 12 17 18 12.82 16.36 11.74 11.39 13.5 18.35 17.81 18.61 12 16 19.32 21.4 16 1.65 17.52 7.77 1.98 11.25 1.21 1.4 7.99! 1.77 7.49 8.1 6.89 7.88 7.24 1.62 11 1 16.93 17.28 14 17.52 11 15 19 12.63 16.28 11.81 11.1 13.4 18.53 17.87 18.81 19 13 19.29 21.45 15 1.66 17.35 7.7 1.98 11.19 1.26 1.2 8.3 1.73 7.59 8.13 6.95 7.79 7.42 1.71 11 11 17.54 17.92 16.3 17.9 19 18 17 12.75 13 11.95 11.65 12.94 19.14 19.18 19.25 15.86 1 19.14 21.29 18 1.95 17.83 8.45 11.9 11.31 1.44 1.23 8.16 11.9 7.62 8.2 7. 8.9 7.45 1.8 14 14 17.76 18.17 16.2 18.16 16 1 14 12.63 19 12.4 11.15 13.17 19.25 19.2 19.42 16.21 15 19.42 21.46 11 11.2 17.72 8.57 11.15 11.4 1.63 1.32 8.27 11.36 7.73 8.26 7.18 8.35 7.46 1.98 14 15.84 19.7 11.4 8.27 $11.7 18 658.14 742.79 752.12 687.28 788.85 588.38 61. 68 521.77 692.3 47 45 558.54 836.76 817.48 848.621 723.12! 611.71 892 999.38 666.3 45.5 77.88 33.3 465 499.5 43.44 429 31.81 468.5 283.12 36.18 262.51 312 28.19 348.34J 557.79! 662; 756.77! 756.86! 697.54; 8.66] 598.84! 621.92! 617.59! 521.62! 67.74; 473.58! 469; 56.72; 841.26! 822.2! 852.91 726.34! 613.241 i 869.98! 963.11 j 6611 45.92! 787.69; 31.7; 466.65) 491.241 431.95! 421.84; i 3181 468.9' 287.66 37.31 26 316.27 292.35 i 351 i 563.2! 668.11 789.3 811.78 72 792.97 629.55 625.82 612 517.65 683.32 47.83 46.18 547.36 85 862 841.23 78 629.3 826.85 92.7 676.92 45.5 771 338 459.13 48 426 418.41 318 471.33 288.8 39.96 272.3 37.42 284 35 568.18 681.54! 813.41; 832.19! 712.8! 811.75! 627: 638.1! 629.82 ; 5211 76; 479.19: 459.38! 568.94! 852.78i 829.27; 862.25! 731.7; 643.14: 85.6 ; 92.63! 717; 459.53 1 777.91! 333! 462.73: 484! 442.21; 428.28; 319.22 486.21. 291.42! 31.58' 273; 321.48: 281.24 359.5 572.17 682.7 86.89 46.37 316.74 $36 577.75 See footnotes at end of table. 17

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours p p Transportation and public utilities Continued Railroad transportation: Class railroads plus Amtrak 3 411 4 47.4 4 47. Local and interurban passenger transit Local and suburban transportation ntercity and rural bus transportation 41 411 413 3 38.5 38.7 3 38.4 37.7 3 38.1 37.5 3 38.5 37. Trucking and warehousing Trucking and courier services, except air Public warehousing and storage 42 421 422 39.7 39.6 4.4 39.7 39.6 4.8 39.5 39.4 4.1 39.7 39.6 41. Water transportation: Water transportation services 449 36.1 36.6 37.3 37.4 Pipelines, except natural gas 46 4 4 4 4 Transportation services Passenger transportation arrangement Travel agencies Freight transportation arrangement 47 472 4724 473 37.2 35.8 3 38.6 38.2 36.6 36.7 39.6 38.2 37.2 37.3 39.5 37.8 36.7 36.8 38.8 Communications Telephone communications Telephone communications, except radio Radio and television broadcasting Cable and other pay television services Electric, gas, and sanitary services Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 48 481 4813 483 484 49 491 492 493 495 39.8 41.5 41.7 3 39.3 j i 42.3! 42.1 43. ' 41.8, 43.1 ; 4. 41.6 41.5 3 39.1 42.8 42.7 4 42.4 42.9 4.4 42.3 42.3 3 39.5 42.3 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.6 4. 41.7 41.8 3 39.8 42.5 42.5 42.6 42.6 42.6 Wholesale trade 38.4 : 38.7 38.3 38.3 38.6 Durable goods Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and other construction materials Professional and commercial equipment Medical and hospital equipment Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment... Machinery, equipment, and supplies Misc. wholesale trade durable goods 5 51 52 53 54 547 55 56 57 58 59 39. 38.6 37.5 4.4 j 39.1 38.3 4.9 38.7 38.7 39.5 37.8 39.4 38.7 37.8 4.6 39.5 38.7 41.4 39.! 39.1 4. 38.1 j 39. 38.2 37.6 4.3 39. 38.4 4.8 38.8 39.1 39.4 37.9 38.9 38.1 37.6 4.4 38.7 37.7 41.1 38.8 38.7 39.3 38.1 Nondurable goods Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Farm-product raw materials Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods Retail trade 51 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 37.6 i 36.5 37.3 37.1 38.6 35.8 4. 38.1 36.7 36.7 29. 37.9 37. 37.5 37.9 38.6 38.3 4. 38.1 i 37.! 37.! i i 29.1 37.4 36.7 3 37.4 38.3 3 39.7 37.5 37.5 36.5 29.5 37.5 36.7 37. 37.3 38.5 3 39.7 37.6 37.2 36.2 28.9 28.9 Building materials and garden supplies Lumber and other building materials Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores Hardware stores Retail nurseries and garden stores 52 521 523 525 526 3 38.3 3 32. 33. 36.3 j 38.1 i 36.6 32.2 32.8 36. 37.5 36.9 32.7 32.7 35.8 37.4 36.7 32.1 32. See footnotes at end of table. 18

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average hourly earnings p! p! Average weekly earnings p Transportation and public utilities Continued Railroad transportation: j Class railroads plus Amtrak 3 411 $16.85 $17.1 $17.27 $17.61 $781,841 $86.27 $789 $827.67 Local and interurban passenger transit 41 Local and suburban transportation... 411 ntercity and rural bus transportation 413 1.32 1.99 12.78 1.32 11.1 12.75 1.66 11.24 12.38 1.6 11.23 12.4 351! 423.12] 499] 351 422.78 48.68 37.97 428.24 465 356.16 432.36 458.8 Trucking and warehousing Trucking and courier services, except air. Public warehousing and storage 42 421 422 12.75 12.96 1.19 12.76 12.99 1.12 12.91 13.11 1.48 13.4 13.26 1.46 56.18! 56.57 513.22; 51 411.68; 412.9 59.95 516.53 42.25 517.69 52 428.86 Water transportation: Water transportation services. Pipelines, except natural gas....449 46 17.66 2.13 17.42 2.35 17.1 19.79 18.6 2.27 637.53! 637.57 i 882' 98 637.83 87.76 674 94 Transportation services 47 Passenger transportation arrangement j472 Travel agencies 4724 Freight transportation arrangement 473 Communications Telephone communications Telephone communications, except radio Radio and television broadcasting. 48 481 4813 483 Cable and other pay television services 484 11.88 11.29 11.38 12.87 12 16.14 16.5 18 11.74 12.7 11.46 11.59 13.12 19 16.8 18 1 11.75 12.56 12.3 12.65 13.18 18 16.23 16.56 1 12.5 12.6 12.43 12.73 13.16 13 16.31 16.61 1 12.19 441.94 48! 43! 496.781 i 612; 669.81 j 688.5 516.81! 461.381 461.7 419.44 425 519.55 61 668.93 682 52 459.43 479.79 457.56 471.85 52.61 629.43 686.53 7.49 53 478 476.28 456.18 468.46 51.61 62 68.13 69 537 486 Electric, gas, and sanitary services [49 Electric services '491 Gas production and distribution. 492 Combination utility services 493 Sanitary services 495 17.27 18. 16.86 2.92 12.4 17.6 18.37 17.25 21.22 12.59 17.64 18.47 17.6 21.43 12.86 17.8 18.57 17.28 21.71 12.99 73.52] 753.28 757.8! 78 728! 76.73 876J 899.73 534! 54.11 746.17 783.13 721.64 99 547.84 756.5 789.23 736.13 925 553.37 Wholesale trade. 12.9 12.2 12.37 12.48 $12.54 466! 472.14 477 477.98! $484 Durable goods i 5 Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies 51 Furniture and home furnishings [52 Lumber and other construction materials 53 Professional and commercial equipment j54 Medical and hospital equipment [547 Metals and minerals, except petroleum 55 Electrical goods 56 Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment. 57 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 58 Misc. wholesale trade durable goods 59 Nondurable goods Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Farm-product raw materials Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods. 51 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 12.52 11.4 11.5 11.64 16 13.13 12.3 13.5 11.82 12.54 9.91 11.52 12.1 16 11.3 11.81 8.59 13.21 1.99 13.13 9.68 12.64 11.4 11.15 11.73 17 13.14 12.44 13.17 11.96 12.68 9.93 11.6 12.21 15 11.1 11.9 8.66 13.36 11.8 13.11 9.76 12.82 11.23 11.14 11.8 14 13.54 12.61 13.37 12.13 12.87 1.8 11.74 12.7 14 11.37 12.14 8.68 13.32 11.7 13.28 9.77 12.96 11.37 11.33 11.85 18 11 12.76 11 12.24 13.11 1.19 11.81 12.26 13 11.41 12.14 8.72 13.48 11.11 13.41 9.85. 488.28! 426.14! 418! 47.26; 584 j 52.881 5] 54] 457.43! 4931 37! i 433.15! 438.37 J 533! 49.21 j 455.87! 37.521 528.4 j 418.72) 481.87J 356! 498.2 427.25 421.47 476.24 599.22 58.52 512 513 467.64 57.2 378.33 439.64 451.77 543 42.69 459.34 331.68 53 422.15J 487 361.12 499.98 428.99 418.86 474 62.16 519.94 519 518.76 478 57.8 382.3 54 433.2 426.1 478.74 599.8 516.87 524 528.7 479 512 388.24 439.8 442.88 442.97 449.94 54.18 556.11 424 429 466 j 467.39 3.33 j 31.43 528.8; 536 413; 417.74 498. 498.85 356.61 356.57 Retail trade Building materials and garden supplies j 52 Lumber and other building materials. 521 Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores.. 523 Hardware stores 525 Retail nurseries and garden stores 526 7.54 8.91 9.21 9.55 7.66 7.93 7.57 8.95 9.26 9.57 7.631 7.98] 7.66 9.11 9.43 9.81 7.72 8.15 7.77 9.27 9.59 1. 7.84 8.41 7.81 218.66 22.29 i 3221 329 352.74! 352.81 347.621 35.26 242 249 261.69] 261.74 227 327.96 353; 361.99 252.44 266.511 225 1 221 331.87 358.67 367. 251.66 269.12 See footnotes at end of table. 19

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ; 1987 : ndustry SC, ; Code _?E Retail trade Continued General merchandise stores :53 3.1 Department stores 1531 3.2 Variety stores :533 28.1 Misc. general merchandise stores : 539 3.2 Average weekly hours p 29.6 3. 3.6 29.7. 3.1 ' 3.9 27.8 28.3 27.3 29.9 3. ' 29.2 p Average overtime hours j! p! p Food stores 54 29.8 Grocery stores.541 3. Retail bakeries 546 28.6 29.7 29.8 29. 3.5 ;. 28.7; 29.9 3.1 27.9 Automotive dealers and service stations 55 3 New and used car dealers ; 551 36.8 Auto and home supply stores :553 37.8 Gasoline service stations 1554 32.7 Automotive dealers, nee 559 3 3 37.2 38. 33. 3 35.8 37.2 ; 38. : 32.7 3 ; 3 36.8 37.9 32.3 3 - Apparel and accessory stores ;56 26.2 Men's and boys' clothing stores 561 28.7 Women's clothing stores 562 2 Family clothing stores 565 27.1 Shoe stores :566 26.8 26.2 28.6 2 27.3 26.7 27. : 29.2. 2 28.3 27.1 : 26.2 28.8 2 27.1 26.2 _ i Furniture and home furnishings stores ;57 33.3 Furniture and home furnishings stores 1571 33.3 Household appliance stores 572 3 Radio, television, and computer stores 573 33.1 Radio, television, and electronic stores 15731 33.2 Record and prerecorded tape stores 5735 28.2 33.2 33.3 3 32.7 33. 27.7 33.2 33.4 3 32.5 ; 32.1! 27.9 32.9 33.3 3 32. 31.9 26.3 Eating and drinking places 4 58 2 2 26. 2 Miscellaneous retail establishments ;59 29.9 Drug stores and proprietary stores 591 28.5 Used merchandise stores 593 32.1 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 594 28. Nonstore retailers 596 3 Fuel dealers 598 37.8 Retail stores, nee 599 31. Optical goods stores '5995 ' 33.3 Miscellaneous retail stores, nee 5999 31.6 29.8 28.5. 32. 28.1 3 38.9 31.1 33.4 31.5 3.2 29.1. 31.5. 28.9 33.1 37.2 31.7 32.9 32.6 : 29.6 28.5 31.1 28. 33. 37.4 31.1 32.7 31.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 3 36.2 3 3 36.5 Depository institutions 6 3 Commercial banks 62 3 State commercial banks :622 3 National and commercial banks, nee ;621,9 3 Credit unions 66 35.8 35.8 3 36.3 3 36.2 3 3 3, 3 35.8; 3 3 3 3 3 _! Nondepository institutions,61 37.1 Personal credit institutions 614 37.4 38.3 38.2 37.7 : 38.2 37.9 37.9 Security and commodity brokers: Security and commodity services 628 37.2 37.6 3 36.3 nsurance carriers ;63 37.6 Life insurance,631 37.2 Medical service and health insurance 632 37.8 Hospital and medical service plans 6324 37.6 Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 633 ' 37.9 38. 37.7 38.1 37.8 37.9 37.7 37.4 38.6 38.5 : 37.7 ; 37.9 37.4 38.6 38.6 38.2 Services 32.4 32.7 32.7 ; 32.3 32.6 Agricultural services :7 3 3 3 i 3. See footnotes at end of table. 11

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average hourly earnings p p Average weekly earnings p p Retail trade Continued General merchandise stores Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores. 53 531 533 539 $7.45 7.42 7.22 7.93 $7.47 7.45 7.18 7.86 $7.52 7.53 7.37 7.44 $7.56 7.58 7.41 7.44 $225 228 22.88 239.49 $221.11 221.27 199.6 231 $22 226.65 28.57 223.2 $231.34 232 22.29 217.25 Food stores Grocery stores. Retail oakeries. 54 541 546 7.99 8.8 7.11 7.99 8.8 7.1 8.9 8.19 7.23 8.2 8.29 7.3 238.1 242.4 23.35 237.3 24.78 2 246.75 251.43 27.5 248 249.53 27 Automotive dealers and service stations 55 New and used car dealers 1551 Auto and home supply stores 553 Gasoline service stations 554 Automotive dealers, nee 559 1.25 12.96 8.51 6.83 11.42 1.23 12.85 8.54 6.82 11.41 1.43 13.16 8.81 6.93 1.97 1.61 13.41 8.87 7. 11.27 36 476.93 321.68 223.34 386. 367.26 478.2 322 226 392.5 373.39 489.55 338 226.61 387.24 376.66 493.49 336.17 226.1 378.67 Apparel and accessory stores Men's and boys' clothing stores. Women's clothing stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores 56 561 562 565 566 7.22 8.45 6.86 7.3 7.46 7.28 8.55 6.92 7.11 7.51 7.38 8.68 6.99 7.32 7.43 7.51 8.78 7.19 7.43 7.48 189.16 242.52 164 19.51 199.93 19.74 243 169 19 2.52 199.26 253.46 17.56 27.16 21.35 196.76 252.86 173.28 21.35 198 Furniture and home furnishings stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Household appliance stores Radio, television, and computer stores Radio, television, and electronic stores. Record and prerecorded tape stores 57 571 572 573 5731 5735 9.95 9.74 1.9 1.22 1.27 9.99 9.75 9.96 1.34 1.2 6. 1.1 9.77 1.1 1.55 1.65 6.36 1.27 9.87 1.32 1.8 1.75 8 331.34 324 348.11 338.28 34.96 17.33 331.67 328 349.6 338.12 336.6 166.2 332 326.32 351.48 342.88 341.87 177.44 337.88 328.67 35 34 342.93 17.42 Eating and drinking places 4 58 3 4 138.5 141.57 14 141.56 Miscellaneous retail establishments Drug stores and proprietary stores Used merchandise stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores. Nonstore retailers Fuel dealers Retail stores, nee Optical goods stores Miscellaneous retail stores, nee 59 591 593 594 596 598 599 5995 5999 8.22 8.55 6.86 7.52 8.78 11.28 8.46 1.49 8.75 8.23 8.56 6.88 7.5 8.74 11.52 8.51 1.65 8.83 8.43 8.87 7.8 7.65 9.11 11.43 8.72 1.97 9.2 8.53 8.99 7.13 7.73 9.15 11.59 8.85 11.35 9.11 248 248 22.21 21.56 32.3 426.38 262.26 349.32 276.5 245 246 22.16 21.75 296 448.13 266 351 278.15 259 258.12 223.2 221.9 31.54 42 272 36.91 295 252.49 256.22 221.74 214 31.95 433.47 274 371.15 287.88 Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 11.85 12.2 12.28 12.38 $12.49 42.68 432 438.4 441.97 $455.89 Depository institutions Commercial banks State commercial banks National and commercial banks, nee. Credit unions 6 62 622 621,9 66 9.39 8.96 8.82 9.7 9.3 9.48 9.6 8.89 9.19 9.42 9.58 9.13 8.99 9.23 9.52 9.64 9.19 9.5 9.28 9.61 327.71 31.91 31.46 312.1 332.94 339.38 323.44 322.71 321 341. 338.17 32.46 318.25 323.5 34.82 339.33 322.57 32.37 327 342.12 Nondepository institutions Personal credit institutions. 61 614 12.4 1.18 12.45 1.28 12.67 1.24 12.71 1.3 4 38.73 476.84 392.7 477.66 391.17 481.71 39.37 Security and commodity brokers: Security and commodity services. 628 16.23 16.79 17.58 17.41 66 631.3 631.12 631.98 nsurance carriers Life insurance Medical service and health insurance. Hospital and medical service plans.. Fire, marine, and casualty insurance... 63 631 632 6324 633 13 13.23 13.58 11 12 19 1 11 15 12 15 17 12 19 16.9 11 1 11 17 16.16 527.53 492.16 513.32 523.2 567 543.2 512.72 526.16 537 573.5 559.85 53 533.45 542.47 66.59 569 531.8 536.93 546.96 617.31 Services 11.11 11.2 11.24 11.47 11.55 359.96 366.24 367.55 37.48 376.53 Agricultural services 7 8.62 8.69 8.76 8.99 298.25 3.67 38.35 311.95 See footnotes at end of table. 111

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours p p Services Continued Agricultural services Continued Veterinary services Landscape and horticultural services 74 78 28.7 37.1 29.1 36.7 29.6 37.5 28.7 37.2 Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels and motels 4 71 3.9 31.7 31.9 31.1 Personal services: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops 4 Miscellaneous personal services 721 723 729 3 28.2 2 3 28.5 2 3 27.8 26.8 3 27.8 25.8 Business services Advertising Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services: Photocopying and duplicating services Services to buildings Disinfecting and pest control services Building maintenance services, nee Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing Medical equipment rental Heavy construction equipment rental Equipment rental and leasing, nee Personnel supply services: Help supply services Computer and data processing services Computer programming services Computer integrated systems design nformation retrieval services Computer maintenance and repair Miscellaneous business services Detective and armored car services Security systems services 73 731 7334 734 7342 7349 735 7352 7353 7359 7363 737 7371 7373 7375 7378 738 7381 7382 33. 3 37.4 28.4 37.5 27.6 39.1 37.3 41.4 38.8 31.7 37.4 37.7 37.5 35.8 39.5 3 3 3 33.3 37.4 38. 28.9 38.6 28. 39.5 38. 42.1 39.1 31.8 38.3 38.1 39. 37. 4.4 3 3 36.6 33.1 36.2 36.9 28.9 37.8 28. 39.3 39.1 39. 32.1 37.4 37.8 37.5 36.3 38.8 33. 3 3 32.9 36.3 36.8 28.3 37.9 27.4 39.2 39.2 39.7 39. 31.7 37.8 38.2 37.6 36.6 39.1 33. 3 36.2 -! Auto repair, services, and parking Automotive rentals, without drivers Passenger car rental Automobile parking Automotive repair shops Automotive and tire repair shops General automotive repair shops Automotive services, except repair Carwashes 75 751 7514 752 753 7532,4 7538 754 7542 36.2 36.3 3 32.9 38.2 37.2 37.7 31.9 3 36.5 36. 33.4 38.3 37.6 37.9 31.7 29.6 3 36.6 36.8 32.9 38.2 37.6 37.7 32.3 3 36.1 36.1 33.5 38.1 37.6 37.5 28.6 Miscellaneous repair services 76 38.4 38.5 38.4 38.3 Motion pictures Motion picture production and services Video tape rental 78 781 784 29.6 38.5 22.8 3.1 38.8 22.9 31.8 38.4 2 31.3 38.7 23.5 Amusement and recreation services Bowling centers Misc. amusement and recreation services Physical fitness facilities Membership sports and recreation clubs 79 793 799 7991 7997 26.2 2 26.1 19. 28.5 26.5 2 26.1 19.3 28.6 28.3 2 28.7 19. 29.4 26.1 2 26. 18.4 28.3 Health services Offices and clinics of medical doctors Offices and clinics of dentists Offices and clinics of other health practitioners.. Nursing and personal care facilities ntermediate care facilities Hospitals 8 81 82 84 85 852 86 32.8 32.4 27.9 29.8 32.5 32.1 3 32.9 32.8 28.3 3.2 32.7 32.3 3 32.7 32.3 27.8 29.8 32.4 31.8 3 32.7 32.3 27.8 29.7 32.6 32.2 3 See footnotes at end of table. 112

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average hourly earnings p p Average weekly earnings Services Continued Agricultural services Continued Veterinary services Landscape and horticultural services 74 78 $8.6 8.68 $8.6 8.78 $8.64 8.84 $8.86 9.8 $246.82 322.3 $25.26 322.23 $254 $258 331.5! 337.78 Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels and motels 4 71 7.78 7.82 7.67 7.93 24.4 247.89 247 246.62 Personal services: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops 4 Miscellaneous personal services 721 723 729 7.37 8.25 8.1 7.38 8.15 8.13 7.54 8.67 8.53 7.59 8.63 8.68 247.63 232.65 197.85 251.66 232.28 27.32 255 241.3 228.6 256.54 239.91 224! Business services Advertising Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services: Photocopying and duplicating services Services to buildings Disinfecting and pest control services Building maintenance services, nee Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing Medical equipment rental Heavy construction equipment rental Equipment rental and leasing, nee Personnel supply services: Help supply services Computer and data processing services Computer programming services Computer integrated systems design nformation retrieval services Computer maintenance and repair Miscellaneous business services Detective and armored car services Security systems services 73 731 7334 734 7342 7349 735 7352 7353 7359 7363 737 7371 7373 7375 7378 738 7381 7382 1.33 11 1.5 7.51 9.82 7.22 1.98 1.39 12 9.98 8.41 17.27 2. 18.36 16 16 9.2 7.8 1.92 1.36 15.82 1.4 7.49 9.86 7.19 11.1 1.42 14 1.3 8.4 17.41 2.32 18.55 12 13 9. 7.5 1.95 1.61 19 1.7 7.48 9.83 7.18 11.6 1.34 1 1.14 8.82 17.56 2.33 18.75 12 14 9.5 7.8 11.19 1.7 14 1.33 7.56 9.78 7.27 11.2 1.41 12 1.25 8.81 17.73 2.64 19.4 15 12 9.15 7.15 11.33 34.89 568.2 375.87 213.28 368.25 199.27 429.32 387.55 61.13 387.22 266.6 64 75 688.5 528.41 557 3 24.72 392.3 349 591.67 381.52 216 38.6 21.32 438.45 396 626 392.17 267.12 666.8 779 723.45 548.34 566.81 3 239.7 4.77 351.19 571.6 371.58 216.17 371.57 21.4 436 49 586.92 396 283.12 656.74 768.47 73.13 527.8 545 298.65 24.1 399 352.3 578.62 38.14 215 37.66 199.2 439.4 48.7 588.35 399.75 279.28 67.19 788.45 71 528.87 556. 31.95 241.67 41.15 Auto repair, services, and parking Automotive rentals, without drivers Passenger car rental Automobile parking Automotive repair shops Automotive and tire repair shops General automotive repair shops Automotive services, except repair Carwashes 75 751 7514 752 753 7532,4 7538 754 7542 9.63 9.49 8.55 7.5 1.73 11.31 1.78 7.7 6.25 9.68 9.58 8.68 7.6 1.77 11.35 1.82 7.11 6.26 9.94 9.7 8.76 7.33 11.8 11.64 11.7 7.41 9.97 9.72 8.72 7.32 11.1 11.62 11.1 7.47 2 348.61 349 36.95 231.95 49.89 42.73 41 223 191.88 352.35 349.67 312.48 235.8 412.49 426.76 41.8 229 18 361.82 352 322.37 241.16 423.26 437.66 417.34 239.34 198 357.92 35.89 319' 242 J 422.911 436.91 416.25 229.33 181 Miscellaneous repair services 76 11.34 11.41 11.64 11.71 436 439.29 446.98 448.49 Motion pictures Motion picture production and services Video tape rental 78 781 784 11 2.33 6 13 2.44 2 18 18.76 4 15 19.79 5.89 426.54 782.71 131.33 446.38 79 13.99 447.74 72.38 14.6 477.33 765.87 138.42 Amusement and recreation services Bowling centers Misc. amusement and recreation services Physical fitness facilities Membership sports and recreation clubs 79 793 799 7991 7997 8.57 6.68 8.1 7.96 8.2 8.84 6.66 8.22 7.89 8.36 8.23 6.98 7.63 7.97 7.98 8.91 6.79 8.25 8.4 8.41 223 166 29.6 151.24 23 236 167 214 152.28 239.1 232.91 17 218.98 151.43 231 232.55 169.75 21 147.94 238. Health services Offices and clinics of medical doctors Offices and clinics of dentists Offices and clinics of other health practitioners.. Nursing and personal care facilities ntermediate care facilities Hospitals 8 81 82 84 85 852 86 12.19 12.28 12.8 1.89 8.58 7.93 18 12.21 12.33 12.9 11.4 8.59 7.97 1 12.43 12.41 12.39 11.33 8.74 8.13 1 12.54 12.54 12.47 11.51 8.82 8.19 13 399.83 397.87 337.3 322 278.85 255 481 41.71 42 342.15 333.41 28.89 257.43 48 46 4.84 344 337.63 283.18 258.53 493.35 41.6 44 346.67 341.85 287.53 262 496.39 See footnotes at end of table. 113

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry 1987 SC Code Average weekly hours p p Average overtime hours p p Services Continued Health services Continued Home health care services 88 28.1 28.8 28.6 28.5 Legal services 81 3 3 3 3 Social services ndividual and family services Job training and related services Child day care services Residential care Social services, nee 83 832 833 835 836 839 31.2 32. 31.4 29.3 32. 31.3 31.5 32.1 31.8 29.9 32.2 32. 31.1 31.2 31. 3.2 31.9 31.1 31.2 31.5 3.9 29.8 32.1 31.4 Membership organizations: Professional organizations 862 3 3 3 3 Engineering and management services Engineering and architectural services... Engineering services Architectural services Surveying services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping.. Research and testing services Commercial physical research Commercial nonphysical research Noncommercial research organizations Management and public relations Management services Management consulting services Public relations services 87 871 8711 8712 8713 872 873 8731 8732 8733 874 8741 8742 8743 37. 38.9 39. 38.5 39. 36.1 36.1 38.9 28.7 36.2 36.1 3 36. 32.5 37.3 39.3 39.5 38.9 38.5 36.7 36.2 38.9 29.1 36.5 36.3 3 36.3 33.5 37.1 39. 39.2 38.2 38.1 3 36.3 39.1 3.1 36.6 36.3 36. 35.8 33.1 36.8 38.9 39.1 38. 38.1 35.8 36.2 39.2 29.6 3 3 3 3 32.9 Services, nee 89 38.1 39. 37.4 36.8 See footnotes at end of table. 114

ESTABLSHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry Continued ndustry Services Continued Health services Continued Home health care services. Legal services i 1987 j SC! Code -h J88! 81 $1.76 12 Average hourly earnings $1.67 13 $1.9 16 p $11.3 16.13 p $32.36 537.33 Average weekly earnings $37.3 56.74 $311.74 551 p $316 559 Social services ndividual and family services Job training and related services. Child day care services Residential care Social services, nee 83 832 833 835 836 839 8.21 8.69 8.16 6.92 8.39 9.49 8.25 8.75 8.2 6.99 8.4 9.62 8.27 8.78 8.1 6.8 8.45 9.68 8.4 8.91 8.25 7.13 8.54 9.91 256.15 278.8 256.22 22.76 268.48 297.4 259.88 28.88 26.76 29. 27.48 37.84 257.2 274 251.1 26 269.56 37.27 262.8 28.67 253 212.47 273 311.17 Membership organizations: Professional organizations. 862 15 15 13 15.87 541.49 558 547.4 549.1 Engineering and management services 87 Engineering and architectural services 871 Engineering services 8711 Architectural services ]8712 Surveying services i8713 Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping 872 Research and testing services J873 Commercial physical research 18731 Commercial nonphysical research 8732 Noncommercial research organizations i8733 Management and public relations 874 Management services [8741 Management consulting services 8742 Public relations services '8743 1 16.65 17.32 15 11.98 1 16.27 18.59 11.88 17.95 18 12.94 16.68 13.48 13 16.86 17.54 12 12.1 15 15 18.89 11.91 18.17 16 13.17 16.81 131 12 17.5 17.76 17 12.33 19 16.29 18.67 12.13 18.32 11 12.85 16.76 1 15.89 17.34 18.4 14 12.52 17 16.77 19.2 12.81 19.11 15 13.12 16.98 1 569.8 647.69 678 583.28 467.22 49.96 587.35 723.15 34.96 649.79 511 452.9 8 438.1 583. 662.6 692.83 595 465.85 514 599 732 346.58 663.21 52 462.27 61.2 463.31 579.5 665 696.19 587.13 469.77 52.24 591.33 73. 361 67.51 52 462.6 6.1 456.78 585 673 76 598.12 477.1 57.29 67.7 748 379.18 69 517.98 456.58 599.39 469 Services, nee. 89 17 18 18 1 57.36 58.32 552.77 559.36 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SC 3761) manufacturing. 3 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $25 million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak. 4 Money payments only; tips, not included. 5 Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents. - Data not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April forward are subject to revision. 115

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings in Aircraft (SC 3721) and Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles (SC 3761) Manufacturing For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average hourly earning series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (SC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (SC 3761) have been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983. Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SC 3721 and SC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication. B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SC 3761) manufacturing Aircraft (SC 3721) Guided missiles and space vehicles (SC 3761) Series Average hourly earnings, excluding lump-sum payments. $19.66 $19.67 $2.28 p!! $2.37 j $18.45 ; $18.62, $18.72 p $18.92 Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum payments., 19.77 19.77 2.3 2.4 18.5 18.68 18.75 18.96 preliminary. 116

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, 1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls ndustry p Manufacturing $11.45 $11.43 $11.7 $11.77 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 12.2 9.41 9.25 11.43 13.37 11.28 12.27 1.98 15 12.3 9.3 11.97 9.43 9.26 11.42 13.35 11.22 12.27 1.94 12 12.5 9.3 12.21 9.68 9.5 11.64 16 11.46 12.5 11.19 11 12.21 9.59 12.29 9.75 9.52 11.7 11 11.52 12.56 11.19 16 12.31 9.69 Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 1.69 9.96 17.87 8.69 7.22 13.3 11.68 11 17.9 1.7 7.72 1.71 1.1 17.61 8.7 7.21 13. 11.67 14 17.81 1.9 7.75 11.1 1.22 17.73 8.97 7.48 13.38 11.83 17 17.9 1.43 7.94 11.7 1.27 17.12 9.3 7.5 13.44 11.93 18 18.7 1.47 8.3 1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. 2 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April forward are subject to revision. 117

ESTABLSHMENT DATA EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings ndustry p p p p Total private: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars $11.22 7.4 $11.28 7.44 $11.39 7.35 $11.56 7.44 $11.62 J $39.46 i 257.56 $39! $396.37 26.25! 252 $399.98, $48 257.39 ' Mining: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars 12 9.84 11 9.83 11 9.88 14 9.87 $19 677.37 446.81 673 445 686 441.52 697.97, $7.25 449.14 ' Construction: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars. 17 9.87 15 9.92 15 9.77 19 9.84 $18 598.8 399 598 ' 61.46 392.87! 388.4 61.7 ; $611.2 392.58 ; Manufacturing: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars. 12.14 8.1 12.1 7.98 12.34 7.96 12.45 8.1 $12.42 514 339.54 511.83 ] 512.11 337.4 i 33.39 522.9! S517.91 339 : Transportation and public utilities: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars 11 9.18 11 9.24 14 9.19 14 9.23 $18 557.79 l 563.2 568.18 367.94! 371.26 366.57 572.17 ; $577.75 368.19 j Wholesale trade: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars, 12.9 7.97 12.2 8.4 12.37 7.98 12.48 8.3 $12.54 466 36.24 472.14! 477 311.23 ' 36 477.98 i $484 37.58 ; Retail trade: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars, 7.54 7 7.57 9 7.66 4 7.77 $7.81 218.66 143 22.29 227 141! 149 225 ; $221 14 i Finance, insurance, and real estate: Current dollars, Constant (1982) dollars 11.85 7.82 12.2 7.92 12.28 7.92 12.38 7.97 $12.49 42.68 277.49 432 i 438.4 286.83! 282.84 441.97 ; $455.$ 281 Services: Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars 11.11 7.33 11.2 7.38 11.24 7.25 11.47 7.38 $11.55 359.96, 366.24 237.44 241.42 367.55 237.13 37.48 $376.53 238.4 :. 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. 2 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: The Consumer Price ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CP-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April forward are subject to revision. 118

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings State and area p P Alabama Birmingham Mobile 42.3 42.4 43.2 41.1 4.3 4 41.3 42. 4 $1.8 11.71 13.2 $11.3 11.92 12.95 $11.12 11.87 13.13 $456.84 496.5 562.46' $453.33 48.38 58.16 Alaska 5.1 5 5.1 11.2 1.72 12.76 552.1 577.81 Arizona 42.3 42.1 42.1 11.27 11.34 11.43 476.72 477.41 Arkansas Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff 42.7 42.2 4.9 43.3 4 41.1 41.7 42.6 41.8 39.9 41.7 41.2 42.8 41.8 41.3 9.69 9.5 9.53 1.57 11.24 1.14 9.6 9.9 1.95 11.67 1.25 9.62 9.93 1.9 12.21 416 4.9 389.78 457.68 498 416.75 4.32 421.74 457.71 463 California Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Modesto Oakland Orange County Riverside-San Bernardino Sacramento Salinas San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc Santa Rosa Stockton-Lodi Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Ventura 41.7 4.7 42.8 42.1 41.4 42.5 41.5 41.4 41.3 38.5 4. 41.6 41.3 4 4.5 41. 41.7 41.5 43. 41.4 4 42. 41.9 41.2 41.2 39.5 39.9 4. 42.4 39.4 39.1 4 4.6 41.4 42. 42.1 43.4 41.7 43.3 42.2 41.9 41.3 41.4 39. 4. 42.2 39.6 4.1 4 41.7 41.5 12.44 12.83 1.71 11.8 12.7 18 12.57 11.36 13.18 1 12.45 18 14 12.79 17 12.2 17 12.1 12.6 12.97 1.97 11.85 12.36 1 12.65 11.41 12 13.5 12.47 12 12 12.67 19 12.29 17 12.32 12.65 12.84 1.9 11.88 12.53 1 12.68 11.57 16 13.26 12.47 12 18 12.71 17 12.49 18 12.38 518.75 522.18 458.39 496.78 499.7 657.9 521.66 47.3 543 53.58 5.49 563.2 621.5 528.23 553.55 546.91 594 492.41 522 538.26 471.71 49.59 556.2 646.8 53.4 47.9 566 518 497.55 556.8 641.9 499.2 547.1 549.36 583.42 51.5 Colorado Denver 41.6 42.4 4.7 41.7 41.7 42.9 12.26 12.62 12.76 12.87 12.83 12.88 51.2 539) 519.33 536.68 Connecticut Bridgeport Danbury Hartford New Haven-Meriden New London-Norwich Stamford-Norwalk Waterbury 43.2 42.7 43.1 43.3 42.6 43.2 41.8 4 42.5 41.8 4 42.1 43.1 4.1 4 43.2 42.7 4 4 4.8 43.3 41.3 4 13.55 18 13.27 19 12.8 11 12.96 12.11 19 1 13.45 13 12.91 18 13.57 12.7 11 11 13.52 15 13.13 13 13.33 12.65 586 592.68 571.94 67 548 617 541.73 54.11 581.83 589.38 62.56 59.66 518.98 619.78 546 565 Delaware Wilmington-Newark 41.7 43. 39.8 41.2 4.3 42.2 1 16.72 16 16.56 1 12 587.97 718.96 551.63 682.27 District of Columbia: Washington PMSA Florida Georgia Atlanta Savannah Hawaii Honolulu daho llinois Bloomington-Normal Champaign-Urbana Chicago Davenport-Moline-Rock sland Decatur Kankakee Peoria-Pekin Rockford Springfield ndiana Bloomington Elkhart-Goshen Evansville-Henderson Fort Wayne 41.3 42.6 42.6 48.4 37.7 37.4 39.7 42. 43.2 41.5 42.1 41.9 43. 41.7 41.6 42.3 39.9 4 43.1 4.7 4 42.8 41.7 42.5 4 46.5 38.7 39.8 39.6 41.4 4 41.6 41.3 42.4 42.3 41.3 4.4 41.2 4.3 42.4 36.8 4.1 42.7 4.6 41.8 42.7 4 47.7 38.7 39.1 41.3 41.7 4 42. 41.5 41.7 42.1 41.3 42.1 4.1 42.8 36.5 4.3 42.6 41.9 9.95 1.43 11.5 13.23 12.29 12.9 12. 12.36 17.21 1.86 12.27 11 18 13.36 1 15 11.73 11 11.75 11.61 13.45 11 1.24 1.82 12.1 13 12.87 13.3 12.13 12.73 17.3 1.72 12.67 1 19 18 19 13 11.77 18 1.98 11.81 12.93 12.59 1.26 1.88 12.19 12 12.68 13.22 12.24 12.78 17.34 1.91 12.7 15 12 17 11 16 11.88 12 11.8 11.9 12.81 12.64 542.17 41.94 442 489.9 64.33 463.33 482.46 47 519.12 743.47 45.69 516.57 587.2 626.94 557.11 618 581.63 468.3 596.12 53 472.53 599.87 595 547.3 427.1 459.85 529.98 657.5 498.7 529.34 48.35 527.2 766 445 523.27 61.56 629.85 581.5 618 572 473 587 46 473.58 552.11 511.15 See footnotes at end of table. 119

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area ndiana-continued Gary ndianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute owa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City Kansas Topeka Wichita Kentucky Lexington Louisville Louisiana Baton Rouge New Orleans Shreveport-Bossier City Maine Lewiston-Auburn Portland Maryland Baltimore PMSA Massachusetts Boston Springfield Worcester Michigan Ann Arbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland Jackson Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Lansing-East Lansing Saginaw-Bay City-Midland Minnesota Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul St. Cloud Mississippi St. Louis Springfield Montana Nevada Average weekly hours 4 43.3 5.1 42.7 4 42.3 4 43.1 42.8 4 42.7 42.1 41.4 4.5 41.1 41.6 4 42.3 4 4 4 46. 4.8 41.1 39.9 41.5 41.8 41.8 41.3 41.5 42. 4 4 47.9 5.5 43.4 43.4 43.3 4 46.8 42.3 4.9 42.6 41.6 42.1 41.4 42.5 4 43.1 42. 39.6 42.6 4 42.2 4. 37.6 42.5 43.1 41.6 4.7 41.4 4 46.3 43. 4 42.4 4 41.6 4.8 4.3 42.9 39.4 41.1 39.6 41.1 42.4 42. 43.4 4 4 42.2 39.3 38. 38.7 41.4 41.6 41.8 41.1 41.8 42.3 4 4 4 47.7 41.7 41.4 42.7 4 46.8 42.1 41.5 41.4 41.5 4.9 41.3 42.2 42.8 41. 39.7 41.9 41.5 42.1 4.9 39.8 41.5 41.1 41.3 39.9 " 41.6 4 47.5 43.1 4 42.3 4 42.3 42.9 42.1 41.6 42.5 41.3 41.7 43.4 42. 43.3 4 43.5 4 4.3 38.7 39.2 41.6 41.8 42.1 41.5 41.8 42.6 4 4 4 48.3 41.6 41.5 4 46.1 47.7 42.5 41.9 42.2 41. 41.6 41.4 42.4 42.8 43.5 4.5 39.5 42.4 42.7 42. 42.1 41.7 43.5 39.7 Average hourly earnings $17.7 13 18.59 12 12 12.39 13.31 12.49 19 12.89 13.17 1.31 12.28 12 16 11.97 13.19 11 13.27 16.22 13 12 11.98 9.7 1.88 13.26 15 12.67 13.45 12.21 12.5 16.3 16.71 17.64 22.28 13.14 11.72 13 17.58 17.96 12.63 12.6 13.43 11.58 9.42 1.8 11.89 18 1 1. 12.98 11.7 12.51 11.61 12. 13.51 11.66 12.7 18 11.29 $18.4 13 19.35 13 11 12.58 16 12.75 12 13.49 13.3 1.63 12.38 18 17 12.47 13.29 19 13.44 13 18 15 12.38 1.9 1.98 13.39 18 12.76 11 12.37 12.29 16.21 16.89 17.58 21.37 1 12.36 17 17.37 17.97 12.73 12.4 19 12.11 9.8 1.51 12.17 1 18 1.29 13.1 11.5 12.74 11.87 12.86 12 12. 12.5 18 11.96 P $18.16 15 19.57 16 11 12.43 19 12.96 12 15 13.33 i 1.71 12.61 14 15 12.49 13.32 11 13.59 15.83 17 17 12.44 1.23 11.15 13.51 19 12.79 14 12.49 12.27 16.39 16.87 17.73 21.73 11 12.48 19 18.5 18.59 12.79 11.94 15 11.95 9.89 1.67 12.37 18 12 1.3 13.25 11.39 13.14 12.64 12.6 11 12.13 12.17 16 11.96 Average weekly earnings $798.27 633.48 931.36 632.81 668.29 52 589.63 538.32 651 562. 562.36 435 58.39 6.21 569.65 497.95 583. 588.39 581 78.81 61 652 488.78 398.67 431 55.29 587.29 529.61 559 56.72 56.1 748.17 765 846 1,124 57.28 58.65 65.8 796.37 84.53 535 493.25 572.12 481.73 396.58 417.31 53 619.52 599.9 42. 511 471.58 546.69 489.94 48. 57.98 495 52.22 598.21 459.5 $761.76 671.64 891 629.9 669.37 533.39 69.57 53.4 633.22 545 57.57 418.82 58.82 573.41 575 512.52 563.5 68 583.3 692.12 63 592.91 486.53 383.42 423 555 577.41 533.37 559.37 517.7 519.87 713.24 751.6 785.83 1,19.35 571.29 511.7 643.49! 76.81 841. 533 499.66 57.91 52.57 4.82 422.5 52.62 582.36 616 421.89 516.5 463. 528.71 499.73 527 569.94 498. 496 61.41 477.2 p $756 693.3 929.58 648 691.75 529 61.9 548.21 679 583.9 553 458 52.79 588.53 61 52.83 578.9 61.2 588.45 699.69 62 613.45 51.33 39 437.8 562.2 588.96 538.46 566.6 522.8 522.7 737 752.4 86.71 1,49.56 578.66 517.92 667 832.1 886.74 543.58 5.29 58.25 489.95 411.42 441.74 529 598.34 637 417.15 523.38 482.94 561.8 58 53.46 559.18 55.82 529.4 61.39 471 See footnotes at end of table. 12 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued State and area New Jersey New Mexico Albuquerque New York Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo-Niagara Falls Dutchess County Elmira Nassau-Suffolk New York PMSA New York City Newburgh Rochester Rockland County Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County North Carolina Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill North Dakota Fargo-Moorhead Ohio Akron Canton-Massillon Cincinnati Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria Columbus Dayton-Springfield Hamilton-Middletown Lima Mansfield Steubenville-Weirton Toledo Youngstown-Warren Oklahoma Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon Eugene-Springfield Medford-Ashland Portland-Vancouver Salem Pennsylvania Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Erie Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Johnstown Philadelphia PMSA Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton Sharon State College Williamsport York Average weekly hours 42.2 42.2 41.5 41. 41.3 42.1 4 41.4 43.3 4.1 37.8 37.2 41.2 43.2 42.4 4 41.8 41.5 41.4 41.6 41.4 41. 41.6 43.4 42.3 4 4 41.8 4 4 42.3 45.8 46.8 4 42.6 4 4 4 43.5 42.9 42. 4.5 41.1 4.8 41.1 39.3 42. 4.8 41.7 4 4.8 39.3 41. 41.6 43.4 43. 41. 46. 41.4 4 42.9 42.1 4.1 41.9 4.8 4.7 4.9 43.5 4. 41.9 39.1 38.7 38.2 41. 43.2 4 42. 39.4 41. 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.4 41.3 4.5 41.2 43.2 42.6 4.7 43.2 43.1 42.1 4 4 4 42.9 42.9 4 4 41.7 41.7 41.3 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.9 41.4 4.9 41. 42.6 39.8 4.4 41.1 42.8 42.5 39.9 42. 42. 41.2 42.1 P 42. 4.8 41.9 41.3 41.1 42.7 4 4.1 4 39.3 38.6 38.2 4.5 43.4 4 43.2 4.8 41.1 41.2 4.9 4.4 41.2 41.1 41.3 4 42.9 41.1 4 4 42.7 4 4 4 43.5 43.2 46.3 4 42.6 41.5 41. 4.5 4.5 41.3 38.8 41.8 41.1 41. 4 4.7 39.5 4.8 41.5 43.1 41.9 39.9 42.4 41.5 4.6 42.1 Average hourly earnings $13.34 9.93 1.61 12.3 17 1.17 18 11.64 11.38 11.24 1.97 1.68 11.4 15 15 13.11 1.96 12.33 1.25 9.88 1.86 1.91 11.2 1.34 1.14 18 12.34 12.51 13.59 16 13.23 16.16 16.1 13 12 16.33 15.83 16.57 11.15 12.31 12.1 12.49 12.42 11.78 12.89 9.9 12.54 12.2 1.79 13.41 11.9 9.39 12.51 17 15 13.13 11.17 12.78 1.61 11.13 12.6 $13.44 1.78 11.11 12.43 11 1.32 15.82 11.52 11.58 11.58 11.22 1.96 1.47 14 15 13.39 11.8 12.24 1.58 1.5 11.24 11.7 11.27 1.7 1.31 1 11.94 12.97 1 18 13.29 13 16.32 17 11 16.71 16.5 18 11.55 12.2 12.19 12.67 12.59 12.33 12.92 1.41 12.83 12.41 1.77 12.34 12.51 9.75 12.6 16 16 13.53 11.43 13.12 11. 1.75 12.87 p $13.45 1.65 11. 12.46 16 1.28 15.89 11.84 11.63 11.55 11.21 1.94 1.41 18 12 13.49 11.3 12.27 1.6 1.13 11.34 11.14 11.32 1.94 1.73 18 12.2 13.9 19 16 13.4 16.1 16.5 19 1 17. 16.63 1583 11.7 12.7 12.34 12.91 12.65 12.34 12.98 11.4 12.92 12.47 1.92 12.33 12.53 9.83 12.7 19 12 13.52 11.51 13.16 11.16 1.74 12.84 Average weekly earnings $562.95 419.5 44.32 5 581.9 428.16 696.19 481.9 492.75 45.72 417 397.3 455 66.96 591.48 572.91 458.13 511.7 425 411.1 449.6 447.31 458.43 448.76 428.92 637 538.2 522.92 67.47 636.15 559.63 74.13 749.27 672 61.51 716.89 72.27 732.39 483 528.1 52 55.85 51.46 48.62 529.78 389.7 526.68 49.42 449.94 61.16 482 369.3 512.91 568.67 592.41 569 457.97 587.88 439.25 487.49 54.54 $565.82 432.28 461 57.14 578 422.9 688.17 46.8 48 452.78 431 418.67 429.27 66.53 638 562.38 436.55 51.84 431.66 49.4 458.59 447.23 465 433.35 427 617.76 58.64 527.88 8 62.54 559.51 697 742.56 67 626.77 716.86 749.1 682 481.64 51.23 53.45 51 512.41 51.83 528.43 427 531.16 57.57 441.57 528 52.9 388.5 59.4 564 597.49 573 456.6 551.4 462. 442.9 541.83 1 $56 432 46.9 51 586.9 438.96 7.75 478 51.56 452 432.71 417.91 421.61 611 641.78 582.77 443.41 5.62 436 417.36 461 45.6 466.38 449.63 443.15 632 516 538. 616 621.74 572.18 722.5 75.75 676 64 73 769.97 698.1 498.42 5.91 54 522.86 512.33 496.7 536.7 428.35 54.6 512.52 447.72 54.5 59.97 388.29 518.16 574 66 569 459.25 557.98 463.14 43 54.56 See footnotes at end of table. 121 Digitized for FRASER

ESTABLSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNNGS NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas Continued Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings State and area ^ p Rhode sland Providence-Fall River-Warwick South-Carolina South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville 41.3 41.2 41.9 42.8 42.2 4 4.9 39.4 38. 39.6 4.9 41.1 4.3 4.6 41.9 41.1 39.7 4.9 4.3 39.4 39. 38. 4. 4.8 41.2 41.1 42. 41.5 39.7 42.5 4.4 39.5 39.1 38.2 4.3 41. $1.22 1.28 1.4 9.36 9.72 9.97 1.66 1.73 1.63 1.3 1.96 11.69 $1.44 1.65 1.16 9.47 9.71 9.92 1.61 1.86 11.8 1.77 11. 11.46 $1.59 1.76 1.19 9.65 9.73 1.17 1.62 1.96 11.16 1.67 11.7 11.53 $422.9 423.54 42.68 4.61 41.18 44.67 439 422.76 44 47.88 448.26 48.46 $42.73 432.39 42 389.22 389 43 427.58 427.88 432.12 49.26 44. 467.57 Texas Dallas Ft. Worth-Arlington Houston San Antonio 43.3 43.4 43.2 4 41.9 42.6 43.2 42.7 4 41.8 43.2 4 43.1 4 42.4 11.18 11.4 12.52 18 8.9 11.48 11.23 12.43 12 9.57 11.52 11.35 12.56 16 9.46 489 479.14 54.86 611.5 372.91 489.5 484 56 69.7 4.3 Utah Salt Lake City-Ogden 4.9 41.8 39.5 4.1 39.8 39.9 11.4 11.78 11.57 11.86 17 11.85 466.26 492.4 457.2 479 Vermont Burlington 41. 37.2 4.9 38.8 41.4 39.6 12.11 11.86 12.17 12.38 12.27 12.24 496.51 441.19 497.75 48.34 Virginia Bristol Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg Northern Virginia Richmond-Petersburg Roanoke 42.6 4 39.9 4 42.7 42.5 4 41.9 41.6 39.9 4.9 39.1 41.1 4 42.4 42.1 4.9 42.6 4 38. 41.3 42.8 42.3 11.3 1.24 1.34 11.7 1.94 12.33 1 11.56 11.85 9.94 1.4 11.3 11.39 12.39 15 12.88 11.84 9.97 1.17 11.66 11.74 12.45 14 13.44 481.38 456 412.57 482.65 467.14 523 648 486 492.96 396.61 41.64 456 445 59.23 666.6 546.11 Washington 4.8 41.2 41.2 1 14 12 591.6 582.57 West Virginia Charleston Huntington-Ashland Parkersburg-Marietta Wheeling 41.5 47.7 43.4 42.6 4. 41.6 46.1 42.9 4 38.8 41.9 46.8 43. 4 39.9 12.57 14 1 19 15 12.5 12 18 1 1 12.54 15 19 17 12 521.66 73.1 626 647.9 586. 52. 641.71 68.32 687.5 578.12 Wisconsin Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah Eau Claire Green Bay Janesville-Beloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee-Waukesha Racine Sheboygan Wausau 43.5 4 46.5 42.7 47.1 41.2 43.2 42.5 41. 4 4 42.3 43.3 4 42.6 48.8 39.8 39. 41.2 41.4 4. 43. 4 42.6 43.5 4 4 47.7 42.5 39.4 4.9 42.1 39.9 43.3 46.3 12.44 13.58 12.53 13.6 16.94 13.41 9.93 11.86 13.59 12.88 12.29 12.7 12.62 14 12.77 13.45 16.5 13.59 1.95 12.12 17 12.88 12.44 12.19 12.76 11 12.76 13.5 16.8 13.48 1.78 11.99 16 13.15 12.72 12.43 541.14 69.74 582.65 557.66 797.87 539.8 49.12 512.35 577.58 528.8 541.99 529.87 533 59.61 577.2 572.97 8 54.88 427.5 499.34 572 51 532 55.99 Wyoming 39.1 39.6 41.3 11.74 12.39 12.44 459.3 49.64 Puerto Rico 37.8 7.25 7.52 7.48 291.45 32.3 Virgin slands 42.6 41.3 ( 1 ) 19 15 651 642.22 1 Not available. (: =- preliminary. NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March benchmarks. 122

HOUSEHOLD DATA REGONS AND DVSONS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted 1 (Numbers in thousands) Census region and division r Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July j NORTHEAST Civilian noninstitutional population 2 ' 39,574 Civilian labor force : 25,313 Employed 23,743 1,57 Unemployment rate 6.2! 39,58 25,25 23,77 1,543 6.1 39,58 25,356 23,897 1,459 5.8 39,572 25,29 23,756 1,534 6.1 39,571 25,4 23,9 1,5 39,566 25,458 23,927 1,531 6. 39,596 25,541 23,972 1,57 6.1 39,592 25,293 23,86 1,487 39,596 25,244 23,736 1,58 6. 39,599j 39,68: 25,53 i 25,343! 23,957, 23,779 1,547! 1,564: 6.1 i 6.2! 39,621' 25,44 : 23,845: 1,559 : 6.1 39,628 25,359 23,941 1,418 New England j Civilian noninstitutional population 2 j 1,24 Civilian labor force 6,945 Employed 6,543 42 Unemployment rate j 5.8 1,242 6,988 6,589 398 1,241 7, 6,623 377 1,239 7,5 6,651 4 1,241 7,69 6,661 48 5.8 1,24 6,999 6,621 378 1,217 6,984 6,598 386 1,215 6,859 6,54 355 1,217 6,822 6,444 378 1,218 1,221 1,225 1,227 6,925 6,864! 6,92 6,955 6,58 6,496 i 6,553 6,65 418 368. 367, 35 6.! Middle Atlantic Civilian noninstitutional population 2 j 29,334 Civilian labor force ' 18,369 Employed j 17,21 j 1,168 Unemployment rate ', SOUTH 29,338 18,263 17,118 1,145 6.3 29,339 18,357 17,275 1,82 29,333 18,239 17,15 1,135 6.2 29,33 18,331 17,239 1,92 6. 29,326 18,458 17,36 1,152 6.2 29,379 18,557 17,374 1,183 29,377 18,434 17,32 1,133 6.1 29,379 18,422 17,292 1,13 6.1 29,381 18,578 17,449! 1,129 6.1 29,387 18,479! 17,2831 1,196; 6.5' 29,396 18,484 17,291 1,192 Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 68,923 45,714 43,15 2,69,! 69,11 45,976 43,428 2,548 69,92 45,847 43,368 2,479 69,16 45,868 43,424 2,445 69,233 45,64 43,427 2,213 69,32 45,883 43,593 2,29 69,334 45,834 43,323 2,512 69,413 45,744 43,281 2,463 69,499 45,758 43,194 2,564 69,583 45,836 43,288 2,548 69,676! 69,776, 69,87 45,744! 45,947' 45,943 43,216 43,3 43,323 2,528! 2,647, 2,619 5.8' South Atlantic Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 35,665 23,64 22,363 1,277 East South Central Civilian noninstitutional population 2 j 12,159 Civilian labor force 7,946 Employed i 7,52 Unemployment rate. 444 West South Central Civilian noninstitutional population 2 ', 21,99 Civilian labor force 14,128 Employed j 13,239 j 888 Unemployment rate 6.3 1 See footnotes at end of table. 35,712 23,827 22,541 1,287 12,173 7,913 7,55 48 21,126 14,236 13,382 854 6. 35,754 23,68 22,455 1,225 12,185 8,71 7,665 46 21,153 14,96 13,247 849 6. 35,789 23,629 22,443 1,186 12,196 8,14 7,546 467 5.8 21,175 14,226 13,434 792 35,827 23,449 22,4 1,48 12,26 7,947 7,555 392 21,2 14,245 13,472 773 35,862 23,721 22,665 1,56 12,217 7,863 7,459 43 21,223 14,299 13,469 831 5.8 35,86 23,673 22,445 1,228 12,219 7,888 7,442 446 21,256 14,274 13,436 838 35,91 23,643 22,425 1,217 12,231 7,811 7,363 448 21,281 14,29 13,493 798 35,945 23,64 22,395 1,245 12,245 7,789 7,33 459 21,38 14,328 13,468 86 6. 35,99 23,788 22,542 1,246 12,257 7,76 7,312 448 5.8 21,336 14,288 13,434 854 6. 36.37J 36,91 i 36,139 23,791 23,659! 23,676 22,551 22,48' 22,395 1.159J 1,251! 1,281 ;!! 12,272 7,8321 7,338 494 6.3 1 12,287 7,924! 7,414, 51;! 12,32 7,91 7,461 449 21,367j 21,398, 21,429 14,23! 164 1 14,357 13,3281 13,478 876. 6.2i 886 6.2 123

HOUSEHOLD DATA REGONS AND DVSONS SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted 1 Continued (Numbers in thousands) Census region and division Nov. Dec Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June July MDWEST Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate East North Central Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate West North Central Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 46,267 32,1 3,515 1,584 32,665 22,276 21,9 1,186 13,62 9,823 9,425 398 46,291 32,188 3,693 1,495 32,681 22,32 21,218 1,84 13,61 9,885 9,475 411 46,314 32,176 3,715 1,461 32,696 22,24 21,229 1,11 13,618 9,936 9,486 45 46,324 32,225 3,829 1,396 32,72 22,256 21,244 1,12 13,622 9,969 9,586 383 46,341 32,28 3,88 1,4 32,712 22,312 21,319 993 13,629 9,968 9,561 47 46,355 32,23 3,764 1,467 32,721 22,364 21,281 1,84 13,634 9,866 9,483 383 46,385 32,398 3,89 1,589 32,754 22,524 21,351 1,173 13,631 9,874 9,458 417 46,43 32,168 3,674 1,494 32,765 22,479 21,38 1,99 13,638 9,689 9,294 395 46,428 32, 3,626 1,374 32,781 22,297 21,293 1,4 13,647 9,73 9,333 37 46,453 32,122 3,599 1,523 32,797 22,36 21,235 1,71 46,483 32,197 3,736 1,461 46,515 32,276 3,89 1,467 32,8171 32,839 22,337 22,278; 21,29 21,2141 1,128 1,641 13,656 13,666 9,816 9,86 9,364 9,527 453 332 3.4 i 13,676! 13,687 9,9981 9,959 9,595 42 WEST Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 42,559 28,644 26,717 1,928 6.7 42,61 28,597 26,69 1,97 6.7 42,66 28,522 26,6491 1,873 6.6 42,697 28,448 26,552 1,896 6.7 42,741 28,625 26,836 1,789 6.2 42,784 28,641 26,825 1,817 6.3 42,834 28,789 26,841 1,949 6.8 42,878 28,687 26,659 2,27 7.1 42,929 28,728 26,837 1,891 6.6 42,98 29,14 27,36 1,978 6.8 43,34 29,3 27,6 1,997 6.9 43,93 29,2 27,152 1,849 Mountain Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 11,339 7,883 7,461 422 11,368 7,95 7,495 41 11,396 7,894 7,51 383 11,421 7,835 7,476 359 11,448 7,986 7,64 345 11,475 7,978 7,66 371 11,496 7,998 7,595 43 11,523 7,988 7,59 399 11,55 8, 7,612 388 11,58 8,9 7,645 445 11,69 8,124 7,74 42 11,641 8,118 7,77 41 Pacific Civilian noninstitutional population 2 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 31,22 2,761 19,255 1,56 7.3 31,242 2,692 19,195 1,497 7.2 31,264 2,628 19,139 1,49 7.2 31,277 2,613 19,76 1,537 7.5 31,293 2,639 19,196 1,443 7. 31,39 2,664 19,218 1,446 7. 31,338 2,791 19,246 1,545 7.4 31,355 2,698 19,7 1,628 7.9 31,379 2,727 19,224 1,53 7.3 31,4 2,924 19,39 1,534 7.3 31,425 2,879 19,32 1,577 7.6 31,452 2,884 19,445 1,439 6.9 1 These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing the official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. 2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode sland, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: llinois, ndiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: owa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, daho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 124

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) State Nov. Jan. Apr. May July Alabama Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 2,4.6 1,92 11 2,4 1,927.8 117.4 2,5 1,943.3 111.5 2,48.8 1,941.8 17. 2,61.8 1,946.7 11 2,6 1,942.7 122.3 2.5 1.942.7 112.7 2,68.8 1,949.7 119.1 5.8 2.5 1,93 121. 2.43.5 1.916.1 127.3 6.2 2,48.9 1,919.2 129.7 6.3 2,5 1,93.2 12 6.1 Alaska Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 3 281.9 23.1 7.6 35.8 282.4 23.4 7.7 3 281.9 2 7.7 37.4 282.9 2 8. 311.1 287.5 2 7.6 3 283.1 22.2 7.3 36. 28 22.2 7.2 311.8 29.7 21. 6.7 39. 289.3 19.7 3 28 2.5 6.7 3. 279.5 2.6 6.9 32.5 282.3 2.2 6.7 Arizona Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 2,1.6 1,878.2 132.4 6.6 2,1 1,88 13.6 6.5 2,18.2 1,891.2 127. 6.3 2.23.4 1,898.5 12 6.2 2.3.4 1,923. 17.4 2,4 1,948.8 96. 2,62.1 1.958.6 13.4 2.9.2 1.97 11 2,97.2 1.979.3 117.9 2.112.5 2.3.5 19. 2,129.9 2,18.5 111.3 2,141.1 2,26.9 11 Arkansas Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,218.3 1,15 62.6 1,221.9 1,159.1 62.8 1,22 1,162.3 62.2 1,227.2 1,16 62.1 1,22 1,158.5 66. 1,227.6 1,158.7 1.226.6 1,16 61.2 1.221.9 1.16.7 61.1 1.28.1 1.158.7 49.4 1.28.4 1,158.4 5.1 1,217. 1,159.2 57.8 1,221.9 1,159.7 62.3 California 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 15,45 14,17 1,28.4 8.3 15,58 14,365.8 1,22.6 7.8 15,489.4 14,27 1,21 7.8 15,431.6 14,246.5 1,18 7.7 15,371. 14,19.7 1,261.3 8.2 15,331.6 14,29.3 1,122.3 7.3 15,37.1 14,1 1.166.8 7.6 141.6 14,126.8 1,21 7.9 19.2 12.9 1.288.2 8.5 15,327.6 14,16 1,161.7 7.6 15,47 14,258.1 1.21 7.9 15,5.1 14,287.5 1,212.6 7.8 Colorado Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 2,2 1,94 81.4 2,36.3 1,957.4 78.8 2,41.3 1,96 76.9 2,46. 1,973.1 72.9 2,7.9 1,99 76. 2,7 2.1.3 6 3.1 2,8 2.12.5 72.9 3.5 2,8 2,2.2 83.2 2.8 2.2.2 81.9 2,7 1,987. 87.5 2.71.8 1.987.6 8 2,79.5 1,998.4 81.1 Connecticut Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,721.4 1,625.8 9 1,719.6 1,62 9 1,718.6 1,62 9 1,716.1 1,623.3 92.8 1,75 1,661.7 92.2 1.759.3 1,662.9 9 1,746.9 1.65 92.9 1,75 1.66 9.4 1.735.8 1,646.6 89.2 1,727.2 1,637.2 9. 1.732.8 1,639.7 93. 1,73 1,641. 9 Delaware Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 38 36 17.7 38 366.9 17.5 38 367.4 17.7 38 367.7 17.2 381.7 365.8 1 38 369.9 1 387.3 37 13.3 3.4 383.5 367.8 1 38 367.2 1 379.7 36 16.1 383.5 368.3 1 387.1 373.2 1 District of Columbia Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 31 288.4 2 8.1 31 289.7 2 8.1 317.6 291.4 26.1 8.2 31 287.6 26.2 8.3 38.8 28 2 7.8 312.5 287.8 2 7.9 39.8 28 2 8. 288.5 26 2 8.4 29.3 26 2 8.6 283.2 258. 2 8.9 28 259.2 2 9.1 282. 257.2 2 8.8 Florida 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 6,872.7 6,426.6 446.1 6.5 6,881.5 6,43 447.6 6.5 6,947.6 6,48.1 467.5 6.7 6,93 6,492. 443.4 6,859.7 6,459.9 399.8 5.8 6,762.1 61.1 31. 6,89.4 6.512.6 296.7 6.94 6.552.5 391.5 6,821.9 6,471.7 35.2 6.82 6,461.5 362.7 6,93.4 6,573.4 357. 6,799.9 6,48 31 See footnotes at end of table. 125

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted Continued (Numbers in thousands) State Nov. Dec. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Georgia Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate Hawaii Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate daho 3,586.1 3,42.2 18 58 546.5 37.5 3,597.4 3,413. 18 58 546.9 37.4 3,68.3 3,428.9 179.4 58 547.6 36.2 6.2 3,68.6 3,431.6 177.1 582.7 547.6 3 6. 3,611.1 3,451.2 159.9 582. 549.3 32.7 3,618.8 3,45 163.5 576.9 548.2 28.7 3,626.5 3,467.3 159.2 583.1 553.1 3. 3,638.2 3,467.5 17.7 59.7 56. 3,645.8 3,47.7 17 592.2 562.3 3.! 3,651.1! 3,65 3,468.9 3,467.2 182.2 i 188.3 j 59.4 56.8 j 29.6 587. 556.2 3,67 3,487.6 187.1 58 552. 3 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 59 56.6 3 59 561. 3 598.3 562.4 3 6. 6. 563. 37.1 6.2 599.8 567.6 32.2 597.7 56 3 6.7 569.5 31.2 6 57 62.7 571.6 31. 61.8 572.6 29.3 61.2 569.4 31.8 62.7 573.4 29.3 llinois 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 5,958.9 5,629.9 329. 6,16.1 5,661. 35 5,991.4 5,68 37.3 5,969. 5,687.9 281.1 6,1 5,697.3 317.9 6,111.3 5,789.9 321.4 6,11 5,84 268.8 6,219.3 5,867.5 351.7 6,61.3 5,73.3 331. 6,28. 5,783.5 24 6,7 5,768.4 38. 6,67.1 5,72.8 36 6. ndiana Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 3,81.1 2,928.9 152.2 3,12.6 2,951.9 15.8 3,128.2 2,982.9 14 3,149.6 3,8. 141.6 3,171.1 3,42.8 128.2 3,142.6 3,1 127.8 3,13 2,997.7 137.3 3,14 2,991.5 152.1 3,131.7 2,98 146. 3,141. 2,99.2 15.8 3,138.4 2,986.7 151.7 3,149.3 3,1.7 138.5 owa Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,569.9 1,511.8 58.1 1,562.8 1,56. 56.8 1,562. 1,5 5 1,555.8 1,499.8 56.1 1,573.2 1,521.1 52.1 3.3 1,558.9 1,56.3 52.6 3.4 1,569.2 1,517.1 52.1 3.3 1,56. 1,57.5 52.5 3.4 1,557.5 1,5 52.1 3.3 1,55 1,53.1 52.8 3.4 1,531.5 1,48 47.1 3.1 1,531.8 1,48 48. 3.1 Kansas Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate Kentucky Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate Louisiana 1,33 1,263.4 7.6 1,838.5 1,742.6 9 1,335.8 1,26 7.3 1,84 1,749.4 9 1,338.4 1,268.6 69.7 1,846.7 1,75 92.2 1,336.9 1,267.1 69.9 1,853.5 1,762.3 91.2 1,356.8 1,29 63. 1,872.3 1,782.2 9. 1,358.3 1,298.1 6.2 1,888.8 1,8.2 88.6 1,35 1,29 59.8 1,86 1,777.8 88.1 1,35 1,292.9 62.3 1,351.2 1,287.1 6 1.867.3! 1,857.4 1.778.4 1,76 88.9 9 ' " 1.34 1,351.1 1,28 j 1,286.7 6. ' 6! j 1,876. 1,878.2 1.783.3 1,781.7 92.7 j 96.5 i 1,349.2 1,291.3 57.8 1,86 1,76 98.8 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,955.8 1,798.3 157.5 8.1 1,958.5 1,798.7 159.8 8.2 1,961.7 1,83.3 158.4 8.1 1,959.2 1,8 15 7.9 1,978.9 1,846.1 132.8 6.7 1,981.3 1,84 135.8 6.9 1,996.3 1,85. 14 7.3 2,.7 1,982.2 1,848.1 1,841. 152.6 141.2 7.6 7.1 1,98.3 1,84.7 139.6 7. 1,968.7 1,829.4 139.4 7.1 1,961.5 1,833.2 128.4 6.5 Maine Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 68.7 56 4 7.3 69.1 56 4 7.3 68.8 566.1 42.8 7. 69.2 567.1 42.1 6.9 619.7 58 3 623.4 588.9 3 621.5 587.3 3 623.1 586.8 3 5.8 631.4 591.9 39.5 6.3 637.6 598.6 39. 6.1 641.1 6.9 6.3 647.5 67.6 39.9 6.2 See footnotes at end of table. 126

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted Continued (Numbers in thousands) State Jan. Feb. Apr. May July Maryland Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 2,7 2,569.4 13 2,79. 2,577. 131.9 2,711.2 2,581.1 13.1 2,712.7 2,582.8 129.9 2,78.2 2,576.3 132. 2,72.5 2,572.1 13.4 2,7 2,572.1 131.6 2,79.4 2,576.6 132.7 2,71 2,579.3 136.1 2,733.1 2,592.4 14.7 2,731.3 2,592.7 138.6 2,749. 2,67.1 141.9 Massachusetts 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 3,19 3,18.8 176.1 3,21. 2,997.5 23.5 3,18.8 3, 17 3,19 3,1 179.5 3,221.1 3,27.5 19 6. 3.22.3 3.3.2 172.1 3,181.7 3.3 146.3 3,166.3 2,979.5 186.8 3,14 2,987.3 156.5 3,136.6 2,96. 176.6 3,15 2,97 179.8 3,13 2,969.7 165.8 Michigan 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 4,772.1 4,512.7 259.4 4,779.2 4,53 24 4,741.6 4,516.7 22 4,719.6 4,5 215.8 4,721.2 4,462.7 258.6 4,72.2 4,457. 263.3 4,73 4,449.4 28 6. 4,767.2 4,488.9 278.3 5.8 4,811.9 4,539.1 272.8 4,75 4,458.4 297. 6.2 4,71 4,472.3 242.3 4,669.1 4,429.2 239.9 Minnesota Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 2,58 2,482.6 11.7 2,596.5 2,49 11.7 2,6.9 2,5 96.3 2.61 2,516.9 96.7 2,637.4 2,54 92. 3.5 2,646.2 2,552.7 93.5 3.5 2,619.9 2,532.4 87.5 3.3 2,6 2,57.2 97.1 2,579.3 2,478.6 1.8 2,562. 2,463.3 98.7 2.57 2,479.9 9 2,592.7 2,518.8 7 2.9 Mississippi Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,261.3 1,18.8 8.5 1,266.6 1,181.4 8 6.7 1,266.3 1,178.1 88.3 7. 1,269.3 1,183.2 86.1 6.8 1,266.8 1,192.7 7 5.8 1,25 1,19.9 63.2 1,24 1,181.9 6 1,246.2 1,177.2 69. 1,238.4 1,16 7 6. 1,241.9 1,167.2 7 6. 1,25 1,183.4 72. 1,27 1,19.9 83. 6.5 Miss' Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 2,79.1 2,586.8 122.2 2,721.1 2,599.1 122. 2,728. 2,67.5 12.5 2,736.5 2,61 121.9 2,768.5 2,652.6 11 2,781.4 2,659.2 122.2 2,782.2 2,649.6 132.6 2,8.1 2,663.3 136.8 2,8.3 2,657.4 142.9 2,83.5 2,667.2 136.3 2,816.1 2,67.5 14 2,81 2,673. 141.4 Montana Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 439.7 417.7 22. 44.9 419. 21.8 442.9 421.1 21.8 442.2 419.9 22.3 441.5 419.8 21.7 442.7 417.9 2 441.3 419.5 21.8 439.1 41 23.5 437.7 41 2 43 411.7 2 438.8 41 23.4 43 41.8 2 Nebraska Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 877.7 851.9 25.8 2.9 878.3 852.4 2 2.9 88.9 85 2 2.9 879.6 853.4 26.2 3. 876. 85 2.1 2.3 881. 861.5 19.4 2.2 88 866.2 17.6 2. 888.3 86 21.9 2.5 883.5 86.1 23.4 2.6 881. 859.2 21.8 2.5 88 861.3 22.4 2.5 888.6 867.6 21. 2.4 Nevada Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 786.8 739.4 47.5 6. 789. 741.4 47.6 6. 791.4 74 47.6 6. 792.7 74 46.8 789.3 74 4 789.9 743.3 46.5 789.4 74 4 791.8 746. 4 5.8 798.2 75.5 47.7 6. 89.6 763. 46.6 5.8 821.6 773.4 48.2 827.9 781.1 46.8 New Hampshire Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 63.1 63.1 27.1 63.9 6 26.6 632.8 66.8 26. 6 6 26.1 637.7 611.6 26.1 641.6 61 26. 641.2 612.2 29. 641.3 61 2 633.2 69.1 2 631.1 68.5 22.7 64.6 61 2 636. 611. 2 See footnotes at end of table. 127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted Continued (Numbers in thousands) State Nov. Dec. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July New Jersey 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 4,41.9 3,77 267.8 6.6 4,39.7 3,769.1 27.6 6.7 4,8.6 3,748.1 26.5 6.5 3,999.2 3,75.1 249.1 6.2 4,9. 3,719.7 289.3 7.2 4, 3,761.9 24 6.1 4,26.3 3,791.3 23 5.8 4,16.3 3,846.8 259.5 6.3 4,133.5 3,86 268.2 6.5 4,14.4 3,868.5 271.9 6.6 4,18. 3,827.8 28.2 6.8 4,62.5 3,79 267.5 6.6 New Mexico Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 773.5 727.7 45.8 777. 731.1 4 779.3 73 4 782. 736.1 4 791.1 74 46.8 791.9 74 46.2 5.8 793.1 74 47.8 6. 79 747.7 47.5 6. 79 749.6 4 789.4 74 4 79 748.5 46.6 796.9 749.1 47.8 6. New York 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 8,55.6 8,12.1 538.5 6.3 8,559.3 8,7.5 551.8 8,54.6 8, 535.8 6.3 8,56 8,79.9 48 8,438.1 7,93 5 6. 8,521.5 7,998.1 523.5 6.1 8,478.8 7,92.8 558. 6.6 8,489.6 7,91 57 6.8 8,495.8 7,96.8 53 6.3 8,433.5 7,939.9 49 8,62.2 8,69.4 532.9 6.2 8,621.2 8,12.8 68.4 7.1 North Carolina 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 3,646.1 3,468.7 177.4 3,63 3,46 17.9 3,65 3,5 149.5 3,68.9 3,55 12 3.4 3,65 3,51 139.5 3,646.2 3,477.7 168.5 3,66 3,521.6 14 3,64 3,472.1 172.9 3,69.1 3,452.2 156.9 3,66.8 3,499.7 161.1 3,648. 3,51. 147. 3,652. 3,48 166.5 North Dakota Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 336.9 32 12.5 336.7 32 12.4 335.8 32 11.3 3.4 336.6 32 12.4 33 322.4 12.3 332.3 32.9 11.4 3.4 332.3 321.2 11. 3.3 33.2 319.4 1.7 3.3 3 319.9 1.9 3.3 328.1 317.8 1.3 3.1 328.3 318.4 9.9 3. 327. 317.8 9.2 2.8 Ohio 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 5,51 5,22.2 29 5,54 5,268.8 275.8 5,57. 5,3 26 5,572.2 5,321.8 25.4 5,49 5,27 22.3 5,567.7 5,34 22 5,533.2 5,32 28.4 5,519.2 5,268.9 2 5,61.8 5,3 261.6 5,556.9 5,287.5 269.5 5,549.7 5,279.9 269.9 5,586.1 5,28 32.5 Oklahoma Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,543.1 1,45 88.2 1,546. 1,457.1 88.9 1,548.2 1,46.1 88.1 1,54 1,459.8 86.1 1,548.1 1,468.7 79.3 1,551.5 1,472. 79.5 1,552.6 1,471.8 8.8 1,541.7 1,46 7 1,557.8 1,48 73.5 1,559.4 1,48 7 1,56 1,488.5 7 1,55 1,479.8 7 Oregon Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 1,65 1,57.7 8 1,652.2 1,567.6 8 1,649.8 1,56 83.3 1,642.1 1,56.8 81.3 1,65 1,571.5 8 1,66.9 1,578.1 82.8 1,67.4 1,593.4 77. 1,689.5 1,611.9 77.6 1,699.8 1,612.3 87.6 1,68 1,597.3 86.9 1,682. 1,6 78.1 1,681.3 1,6.5 8.8 Pennsylvania 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 5,791.4 5,411.9 379.5 6.6 5,769.5 5,42 34 6. 5,713.5 5,36 348.4 6.1 5,792. 5,44 347.4 6. 5,792.3 5,451.5 34.8 5,8 5,478.8 32 5,953.4 5,59 359.3 6. 5,961.6 5,612.9 348.6 5.8 5,8 5,47 329.3 5,848.1 5,48 36 6.2 5,867.7 5,551.9 315.8 5,79 5,47 32.1 Rhode sland Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate 5 468.1 35.8 7.1 52.4 467.4 3 7. 51.2 467.1 3 6.8 499.1 466.2 32.8 6.6 5 471.2 33.2 6.6 52.4 471. 31.4 6.3 51.8 47.5 31.3 6.2 489.6 461.2 28.4 5.8 488.4 457.2 31.2 489.8 456.2 3 6.9 487.4 451.9 3 7.3 489.3 45 3 7. See footnotes at end of table. 128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted Continued (Numbers in thousands) State Dec. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July P South Carolina! Civilian labor force j 1,832.3 ; 1,83 Employed ' 1,723. ' 1,727.2 19.3 18.1 Unemployment rate 6. j South Dakota! Civilian labor force! 37 377.3 Employed 36 36 j 11.9 j 11.8 Unemployment rate! 3.2 j 3.1 i i Tennessee!! j j 1,83 1,731.1 1 378. 366.3 11.7 3.1 Civilian labor force! 2,696.8 ' 2,7! 2,721. Employed j 2,57 2,58 2,6 j 121.7 j 119.5 j 116.3 Unemployment rate i! 1,832.7 1,732.5 1.2 378.2 366.5 11.7 3.1 2,76.7 2,598.2 18.5 1,836.3 1,737.7 98.6 38. 367.7 12.3 3.2 2,648.9 2,542.1 16.8 1,84 1,7 9 379.5 368.2 11.3 3. 2,651.2 2,542.5 18.8 1,84 1,757.4 87.6 379.6 368.6 11. 2.9 2,65 2,548.2 16.7 1,85.8! 1,76.3 i 9.5! j 378.3 i 365.8 12.5 i 3.3. j 1,86 1,773.4 j 91.7! i 37 365.8 8.8 2.3 2,667.9! 2,68 2,55.9 2,56.1 117. 12 i 1,849.9 j 1,763.5! 8! 378. 369.3 8.7 2.3 2,689.6 2,55 133.2 1,847.9 1,752.5 9!, 379.2 368.8 1.4 2.7 2,69 2,55 14.3 1,857.! 1,76, 91.6! j 379.6 369.1 1.5 2.8 1,869.7 1,776.6 93.1 38.6 369.9 1.7 2.8 2,689.6, 2,79.4 2,552.9! 2,567.5 136.7 j 142. Texas 1 Civilian labor force j 9,34.1 i 9,398. Employed ' 8,75 8,83 586. 561.6 Unemployment rate 6.3 j 6. Utah Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate. Vermont Civilian labor force Employed Unemployment rate... 98 947.3 37.2 319.7 3 s 1! 987.1 95. j 37.2! 319.8 3 1 ; Virginia Civilian labor force j 3,438.6 3,443.5 Employed 3,27.6 j 3,276.5 ' 168.1 [ 166.9 Unemployment rate! Washington! Civilian labor force : 2,7 2,79.3 Employed j 2,538.7 j 2,54 166.6 i 16 Unemployment rate 6.2 : 6.1 j 9,47 8,936.6 537.5 99. 952.6 37.4 319.8 3 1 3,4 3,286. 16 2,71 2,551. 16 6.1 9,437.3 8,868.6 568.7 6. 993.5 95 37.1 319.6 3 1 3,45 3,292.1 16 2,718.7 2,556.3 162.4 6. 9,463.5 8,918.9 54 5.8 98 949. 35.8 322.8 39.1 1 3,516.6 3,35 161. 2,75 2,599.9 15 9,511.6 9,3.3 481.2 99.6 952.4 38.2 322.7 38.9 1 3,51 3,368.4 147.2 2.759. 2,59 16 6. 9,482. 8,94 537.2 982.4 952.1 3.3 3.1 326.6 312.8 1 3,53 3,38 149.8 2,77 2,68.3 16 6. 9,56.3, 8,997.3 563. ; 98.2 94 3 32 j 31.6! 13.5 i! 57 6 6., 6.3!! 983.3 j 947. 36.3 ; 322.2 39.6, 12.6 3,521.7 3,52.5 3,36 > 3,361.8 156.3 158.7 2,79 2,62 17.3 6.1 9,629.7 9,66.2 9,67.1 9,558.1! 9,631. 9,5. 9,5 ' 9,28.8 j 8,918.6 j 9,39. 578.3 639.4! 592. 6. 6.7 : 6.1 986.6 951.9 3 3.5 i 319.7. 37. 12.7 : j 2,817.6 2,823.5 j 2,64! 2,646.6 ',lj 997. 963.5 33.5 319.5 36.1 13.4 i 3,52 j 3,527.4! 3,367.1 : 3,369.3 : 156.8 j 158.2! i 1,1. 967.3 3 3.4 321.1! 37.5. 1! 996.7 96 31.7 3.2 32.8 37.3 13.5 3,53 ' 3,523.4 3,373.3, 3,36.5 161.! 162.8! [! 2,81 2,816.3 2,798.7 2,639.7! 2,629.! 2,62.1 176.2 187.3 ; 178.6 6.3 : 6.7 West Virginia Civilian labor force! 783.3 ; Employed j 719.! 6, Unemployment rate 8.2! Wisconsin! 786.1 72.6 6 8.3 i i Civilian labor force : 2,8 2,81.7 Employed \ 2,672.9 j 2,671. j 131. 1 Unemployment rate j! Wyoming. j Civilian labor force 2 25.8 Employed j 237.9 ; 238.2 12.4 j 12.6 Unemployment rate j 79 73.3 6 8.2 2,82.2 2,672. 13.2 251.3 238.9 12.4 789.8 72 6 8.3 2,799.9 2,668.6 131.3 252.1 239.6 12.5 79.7 728.7 62.1 7.8 2,812.3 2,71.5 11.8 253. 242. 11. 791.1 726.5 6 8.2 2,81.5 2,77.9 12.6 253.5 242.8 1.7 788.7 732.7 56. 7.1 2,89. 2,696.2 112.8 25 243.5 1.5 789. 731.1 j 57.9 7.3 2,838.4 2,72 112. 25 242.9 11.2 79.8 729.8 j 61. 7.7 2,85 2,74 11.3 25 242.5 12.2 792.2 731.3 2,839.9 2,74 9 3.3 791.3 726.5 6! 8.2 : j i 2,841.3 2,747.2 9 3.3 796.1! 731.2 ; 6 8.1 i 2,848.3 2,758.6 89.7 3.1 25! 253.3 25 243.1 : 241.7 242.5 j 12. j 11.5 : 11.1 j! 796.6 729.6 67. 8.4 838.6 738.9 99.7 3.5 25 241.8 12. 1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). Explanatory Notes for Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data. p = preliminary. See the NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. 129

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force p p Alabama Birmingham... Huntsville Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa... 2,28.3 43 159.6 249.9 15.2 7 2,48.4 439.3 159.8 256.7 152.2 76.3 2,43. 44. 16.6 25 151. 75.8 11.7 17.5 7.1 1 7.3 3.5 131.1 2.2 7.4 17.4 8.5 116.7 18. 6.5 1 7.7 3.2 6.1 6.8 Alaska Anchorage. 37. 13 311.3 13 3 132.8 18.8 6.6 1 17.5 6.1 Arizona Phoenix-Mesa. Tucson 2,18.6 1,27 36 2,14.3 1,362.6 377.5 2,159.3 1,378.3 381.8 14.9 69.1 18.2 119.5 5 1 12 59.8 16.2 7. Arkansas Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers. Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff 1,217.6 133.5 9 292.3 37.2 1,231.4 137.8 9 298.6 36.9 1,22.9 137. 93.1 29 36.7 5 3.1 1.5 2.8 58.8 1.8 2.6 52.5 9.6 2.2 2.3 7.5 2.7 7.1 California 1 Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach 1 Modesto Oakland Orange County Riverside-San Bernardino Sacramento Salinas San Diego San Francisco San Jose Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc. Santa Rosa Stockton-Lodi Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa Ventura 15,468.1 267. 43.2 4,387.4 21.5 1,131.6 1,339.9 1,271.5 7 17 1,2 91.7 85. 19 227.4 248.3 238.7 381.4 15,638.6 26 43.2 4,42. 21.8 1,146.9 1,35 1.28 718.4 175.8 1,24 919.5 86 19 227.8 253.3 241.7 391.4 15,651.3 26 439. 4,422. 2 1,142.4 1,359.3 1,292.3 71 17 1,242.3 918.7 857.1 19 232.7 252.9 243.2 39.5 1,261.2 36. 36 2 73.5 8. 12 51.1 1 92.8 5 5 1 13.5 2 17.2 33.2 1,216.6 3.6 48.6 38. 2 7.8 7 118.3 47.7 1 82.9 5.8 43.2 12.6 12.7 2 17.2 31.6 1,111.2 29.7 4 333. 21.3 6 69.3 19.8 4 13.1 78.4 46. 39.4 11.9 11.5 22.9 16.3 29.5 8.2 13.5 11.7 8.3 12.2 6.5 6. 9.9 7.2 8.3 7.5 6.3 7.3 1.4 7.2 8.7 7.8 11.5 11.3 8.6 11.2 6.2 9.2 6.6 8.2 6.7 9.6 7.1 8.1 Colorado Boulder-Longmont. Denver 2,52.8 161.9 1,36.6 2,116. 166.8 1,72.6 2,1 167.5 1,67.3 67.7 32.4 79.9 37. 69.1 32.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.4 Connecticut Bridgeport Danbury Hartford New Haven-Meriden... New London-Norwich. Stamford-Newark Waterbury 1,78.8 219.6 17.2 598.1 269.8 148.4 183.4 11 1,771.7 229.7 113. 61.3 277.9 157.9 192.2 12.3 1,726.3 221.9 11. 61.6 27.7 151.7 18 117.1 87. 12.7 32.1 1 7. 6.8 7. 99.5 1 36.6 1 8.6 7.7 7.6 83.5 12.4 31.1 13. 7.4 5.8 6.1 6.5 6. 6.3 Delaware Dover Wilmington-Newark. 38.8 68. 283.4 39.5 68.8 289. 382.1 68. 285.8 17.3 3.2 13. 1 2.8 12.5 16.1 3.1 1 District of Columbia.. Washington 311.6 2,587.1 28 2,638.3 282.6 2,616.8 23.3 13.3 2 17. 2 16.7 7.5 8.6 Florida 1 Daytona Beach Fort Lauderdale Fort Myers-Cape Coral Gainesville Jacksonville Lakeland-Winter Haven Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay Miami Orlando Pensacola Sarasota-Bradenton Tallahassee Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton 6, 876.7 191.8 72.2 16 13.3 52.4 198.6 27.7,4 763.5 17.6 232.4 14,9. 458.1 6,848.9 19.2 72 16 11.4 498.1 19 25.8 1,2 77 167.7 237. 14.7 1,9 449.6 6,871.4 19.7 726.1 166. 1 5.5 198.1 2 1,21.6 77 168. 237. 143.2 1,97.7 452.8 472.2 11.9 48.2 9.3 2 19.2 1 88.1 4 8.3 11.4 5.8 59.6 42.9 372.5 8.4 38.5 7.6 3.1 19.1 16.2 11.8 66.6 3 7.7 9.4 47.6 32.5 411.2 9.3 42.6 8.4 21.9 17.1 13.2 7 37.3 8.1 1.5 53.3 3 6.9 6.2 6.7 9.7 6.9 8.4 9.4 3.1 8.3 6.5 3.4 7.2 See footnotes at end of table. 13

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force P Number P Percent of labor force Georgia Albany Athens Atlanta Augusta-Aiken Columbus Macon Savannah Hawaii Honolulu daho Boise City llinois 1 Bloomington-Normal Champaign-Urbana Chicago Davenport-Moline-Rock sland Decatur Kankakee Peoria-Pekin Rockford Springfield ndiana Bloomington Elkhart-Goshen Evansville-Henderson Fort Wayne Gary ndianapolis Kokomo Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute owa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque owa City Sioux City Waterloo-Cedar Falls Kansas Lawrence Topeka Wichita Kentucky Lexington Louisville Owensboro Louisiana Alexandria Baton Rouge Houma Lafayette Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport-Bossier City Maine Lewiston-Auburn Portland 3,57.2 5 63.5 1,852.4 22.3 112.5 142.7 127.6 576.2 417.2 59 19.7 5,93.3 78.2 91.5 3,92 179.2 58.6 5.5 173.3 182.2 13.1 3,7 63.1 9 15 2 32.5 8 52.3 88.6 67.3 13 76.1 1,566.6 1 248.7 49.3 6 6 67.5 1,32. 5.1 88.1 26 1,839.2 239.4 526.8 48.1 1,956. 57.2 281.9 8.2 16.7 8 65.8 67.8 178. 6 48.3 11 3,67 5 66.6 1,939.1 2.8 11 142.1 127.8 588.2 42 69.9 2.2 6,89. 79. 91.4 4,32.4 18.7 6. 51.4 177.2 187.7 11.5 3,16 61.8 1.6 156.8 269.9 297.8 829.4 5 89.3 69.2 13 7 1,54 1 247.4 49.4 62.3 6 6 1,348.2 5.9 89.9 266.3 1,872.8 24 54 51.8 1,987. 58.2 288.7 8 16 87.2 68.1 61 18.9 662.8 51.7 12 3,661.1 5 6 1,93 2. 11 14 127.6 57 417.7 61.9 197.1 6,5 79.7 9 4,1.4 18.8 59. 5.5 177.2 18 16. 3,149.2 6 99.3 15 266.6 297.3 823. 53.2 9.9 71.2 137. 76.2 1,551.3 1 247. 49.9 63.3 6 67.2 1,34.7 51.6 88.6 26 1,855.8 24 53 5.8 1,966.8 57.4 29.1 82.9 163.3 86.7 68. 6 178.4 651.5 51.9 122.9 18 2.6 88.1 12.4 6.8 8.4 7.2 37.3 21.2 28. 7.3 298.2 2.5 3.1 19 8.2 3. 7.6 8.2 138.9 2.2 3.3 7. 1.7 17.1 32.2 3. 2.9 3.2 52.3 2.9 7.2 1.4 1.7 2. 3. 66.9 2.6 1 9.5 8.3 22.1 2.3 15 2.2 12.2 6.7 46.8 1 36. 3.1 19.3 3.5 2.9 87.1 1 7.6 7.5 7.2 3 2.4 27.5 6.9 35.1 3. 3.5 221.5 8.5 3.5 9.4 9.9 132.6 1.8 7.1 1. 16.2 28.9 2.1 2.5 2.8 4 2.6 5.8 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.5 56.9 2.4 12.9 89.3 7.5 21.6 2.8 13 17.8 1.7 4.3 13.2 32.8 2.7 187. 3.5 3. 8 1 7.4 7.9 7. 3 2.4 2 3.4 2.8 3. 193.4 7.8 3. 8. 7.9 112.7 1.5 8.6 1 2 1.7 2.3 2.4 45.8 2.7 6.1 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.5 5 2.4 11.8 9 7.7 22.2 2.8 127.2 16.7 1.1 6. 38.6 12. 32.7 2.7 7.9 6.1 6. 6.5 3.1 3.4 7. 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.1 5.8 3.5 7.9 7.1 7.1 7.6 8. 7.4 7.7 7.8 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.5 6. 3.4 8.8 6.9 3. 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 3.1 6.8 7. 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.6 7.3 3.4 See footnotes at end of table. 131 Digitized for FRASER

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force ^ P Maryland Baltimore 2,716. 1,23.6 2,779.2 1,255.8 2,751.4 1,23 13 7 139.9 7 137.8 71.9 6. Massachusetts 1 Barnstable-Yarmouth Boston Brockton Fitchburg-Leominster Lawrence Lowell New Bedford Pittsfield Springfield Worcester 3,177.2 72.3 1,749.2 12 67.2 188.4 152.2 83.4 4.6 28 247.7 3,173.4 77.2 1,74 12 68. 193.1 15.1 82.3 4.4 28.1 247.6 3,9.3 69.9 1,698.9 122.8 67.3 187.8 146.6 8.8 38.5 276.7 243.1 17.3 8 7.6 12.1 9.3 6.6 2.8 17.1 11.4 161.1 3.2 8.2 7.5 11.4 8.2 6.7 2.4 1 11.5 159.6 3.2 8.7 7.5 1.7 7.9 6.7 2.3 1 11.4 6.1 6.1 6.1 8. 6.9 6. 6. 6.3 8.1 5.8 Michigan 1 Ann Arbor Benton Harbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland Jackson Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek Lansing-East Lansing Saginaw-Bay City-Midland 4,77 27 82.8 2,13.6 2 531.9 7 227.7 232.9 19 4,758.5 27.4 82. 2,13 23.1 527.1 73. 222.6 226. 193. 4,66 267.9 8. 2,93.3 199.6 521.3 71.6 219.5 22 19.1 251.8 11. 111.8 1 21.9 11.5 9.2 1.9 23 11.3 17.6 12.1 21.4 9.6 8.2 9.5 213.1 9.5 9 11.3 19.9 3.4 9.9 7.7 8.9 7.2 5.8 6. Minnesota Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St.Paul Rochester St. Cloud 2,57 119.6 1,577.3 6 9.1 2,597.7 121.1 1,598.1 6 89.6 2,59 119.8 1,58 6 9.8 11.9 7.2 56.2 2.3 3.3 68.5 36. 1.4 2.7 77.5 42.1 1.6 2.9 6.1 3.5 2.6 2.3 2.1 3.1 Mississippi Jackson 1,256.3 216.7 1,27 221.2 1,26 219.4 79.1 9.9 86. 1.1 8 1.2 6.3 6.7 Missouri Kansas City St. Louis LMA Springfield 2,69 89.2 1,27 155.8 2,82 947.8 1,326.8 16 2,8 932.6 1,319.3 16 11.3 38.5 53.3 148.2 42.1 71. 6.8 13 38.5 63.3 6.1 2.9 Montana 436. 442.4 43 17.7 21.2 21. Nebraska Lincoln Omaha 872.3 132.8 361.6 895.8 13 368.5 882.6 133.2 36 2 1.9 19.7 2.9 8.4 17.8 2.3 7.7 2.8 2.7 3. 2.2 2.2 2.3 Nevada, Las Vegas Reno 788.3 579.8 162.9 831.4 61.1 17 83 613.1 17 47. 36.7 8.3 4 3 8.1 4 3 7.9 6. 6.3 New Hampshire Manchester Nashua Portsmouth-Rochester 623. 9 9 119.6 646.9 99.1 99.2 12 63.5 96.9 96.5 121.4 2 2 2 3.3 3.3 New Jersey 1 Atlantic-Cape May Bergen-Passaic Jersey City Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon... Monmouth-Ocean Newark Trenton Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton 4,32. 17 65 28 58 5 986.5 168.8 6 4,9 18.8 661.9 288.3 6.3 529.4 99 167.7 i 6! 4,27.6 171.9 65 28 593.3 512.2 982. 16 6 257.1 1 4 2 28.4 27.8 6 9.2 259.4 13.4 4 2 31. 28.8 6 9.7 6.2 221.9 12.1 37.2 22.6 2 2 5 8.4 8.2 6.8 8.7 6.6 9.1 6.3 7.4 6.6 8.9 6.5 5.8 9.5 New Mexico Albuquerque Las Cruces Santa Fe 77. 337.9 6.7 7 79 348.6 61.7 77.7 79 352. 63.1 76.5 4 1 2.8 47.6 1 3.5 4 1 3.2 6.9 6. 7.3 See footnotes at end of table. 132

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force 8,44 447.5 12 568.2 116.8 41.5 61.1 1,339.7 3,76 3,141.6 167.3 562.2 36 141.2 3,649. 16.5 7 618.1 556.7 34.4 49.8 93.5 67.8 5,52. 351.6 19 81.4 1,78.4 762.1 46 161. 7 85.8 58. 31.6 28.6 1,54. 27.4 42.2 497.2 379.2 1,672.3 157.8 8 943.3 16 5,778.5 269.1 63.4 137.4 32 13.2 226.2 2,42 1,122.9 172.5 336.1 5 61.9 57.2 18 5 577. 8,68 461.8 12 577.8 118.2 4 67.3 1,37.9 3,896.5 3,257. 17 567.4 369.9 146.6 3,678.5 15.8 713.5 616.7 562.2 339.2 49.7 9 67. 5,63 356.5 23.3 81 1,1 778.6 471.1 162.3 77.7 87.4 6. 319.1 28 1,55 29.1 4 5 388.3 1,71.9 158.9 8 982.6 16 5,89 276.8 6 139.6 341.2 1 23 2,442.8 1,139.1 177.1 343.4 5 61.3 58.2 191.6 49 563.5 P 8,58.3 446.5 12 559.3 11 42.4 61.6 1,328.7 3,87.3 3,257. 166. 551.3 362. 141.6 3,63.9 11.6 7 61. 558.2 331.9 48.2 9 66.8 5,566.2 35 199.7 82.9 1,8 767.3 468.6 16 76.3 8 58.7 316.8 28 1,547.9 28.3 43.1 5.9 38 1,687.7 157. 86.1 96 16 5,829.7 273.3 6 139.4 33 1 231.8 2,42 1,12 17 336.9 5 63.1 57.9 189.9 49.4 558.3 52.8 2.2 7.5 29. 7.2 1.9 3.3 71.2 256.5 22 8.3 27.9 18.5 6.2 16 28.3 22.8 18. 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.6 27. 16. 1. 36.2 57.2 27.9 19.5 7.6 6.3 1 21.9 8 1.1 2.6 22.5 2.6 8.9 7.7 39.1 7.5 35 16.9 8.8 1 9.3 9.2 151.8 68.9 8.6 22.9 2.5 8.2 3 41. Number 59 26.5 7. 36.6 6.6 2.3 8 36.2 27. 1.1 28.8 22.8 8.6 16 27.9 22.9 18. 9.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 27 1 9.5 3 59.2 28.2 19.8 7.1 1 16.2 66.5 1.1 2. 18.4 1 73.1 6.9 3 6.5 327.4 16.3 8.2 13.3 7.9 9. 137. 6 8.5 22.7 2.7 2. 8.6 31.8 37.6? 54 2 6.2 3.2 6.2 2. 3.4 71.8 291.8 261. 8.8 2 21. 7.6 155.8 3.5 2 21.9 16.8 8.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 267.5 15.8 9.7 36.3 53.5 27.6 19.8 7.2 1 18.7 7.8 1.3 2.1 19. 16.3 7 7.5 3 6.7 352.8 16.5 9. 1 8.7 9.8 14 66.1 9.2 2 2.8 2.4 9.4 3 39.8 6. 6. 6.2 6.8 7.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.3 2.4 7.3 7.7 7.8 6.2 6.1 6.3 9. 6.3 6.1 6.8 6.7 7.3 7. 7.1 Percent of labor force 6.9 6.3 6.1 6.2 7.9 8.3 5.8 6.2 3.2 2.7 2.9 1.8 2.8 5.8 6.1 6. 7.5 6.6 3.3 6.1 6.7 P 7.5 8. 5.8 3.4 3. 2.5 3.2 1.6 1.9 6. 6.1 6.6 6.1 6. 6.5 8.3 7.1 7. 7. 7.1 New York 1 Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo-Niagara Falls Dutchess County Elmira Glens Falls Nassau-Suffolk New York New York City 1 Newburgh Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome North Carolina 1 Asheville Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill North Dakota Bismarck Fargo-Moorhead Grand Forks Ohio 1 Akron Canton-Massillon Cincinnati Cleveland-Lore in-elyria Columbus Dayton-Springfield Hamilton-Middletown Lima Mansfield Steubenville-Weirton Toledo Youngstown-Warren Oklahoma Enid Lawton Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon Eugene-Springfield Medford-Ashland Portland-Vancouver Salem Pennsylvania 1 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Erie Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton Sharon State College Williamsport York Rhode sland Providence-Fall River-Warwick See footnotes at end of table. 133 Digitized for FRASER

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force " ^? South Carolina Charleston-North Charleston Columbia Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson 1,84.5 243.5 25 471.4 1,88.1 248.5 26 489.9 1,877.9 24 26 489.7 111.7 1 1.9 21.8 93.3 12.1 9.5 17.5 9 12.2 1. 17.3 6.1 6.3 3.5 South Dakota Rapid City Sioux Falls 377.2 4 88.8 388.9 4 9.2 381.2 43.5 89.3 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.7 1.2 1.8 9.1 1.4 1.6 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.7 2. 2.4 3.3 1.8 Tennessee Chattanooga Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol Knoxville Memphis Nashville 2,718.8 228.7 22 34 517. 61.8 2,72. 22 227.6 34 517.4 62 2,73 22 226.6 34 52 629.5 116.3 1.2 1.7 11.6 23.2 17.9 14 11.5 12.3 1 27.1 2 137.1 1.9 11. 13.2 26.8 23.4 3.3 2.9 Texas 1 Abilene Amarillo Austin-San Marcos Beaumont-Port Arthur Brazoria Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito Bryan-College Station Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort Worth-Arlington Galveston-Texas City Houston Killeen-Temple Laredo Longview-Marshall Lubbock McAllen-Edinburg-Mission Odessa-Midland San Angelo San Antonio Sherman-Denison Texarkana Tyler Victoria Waco Wichita Falls 9,31 57.4 1 58 179.2 1 119.4 7. 172.8 1,666.8 279.6 8 123. 1,936.6 1 66.9 1.7 117.3 169. 117.5 49.9 69 47.7! 56.8 82.2 41. 99.3 62.8 9,588.8 58.1 11.8 611.2 181.2 1 12 66.9 178. 1,72 28 82 12 2, 11.7 7.7 1.5 12.6 176.1 119.5 49.9 72 47.2 56.7 8 42.1 99.3 6 9,61.6 59.7 111.6 62 18.8 1 12 7.3 17 1,719.9 287.1 82 12 1,998.2 111.3 7.3 1.6 12.6 176.5 119.5 49.8 731.7 47.6 5 8 42.6 11. 6 557.6 2.7 19.7 16.1 7.6 13.1 2.1 1 82.8 2 41. 9.7 119.4 7.5 29.4 8.2 2.2 32.2 2.8 2.3 3.2 611. 3.4 21.7 18.7 8.3 1 2.5 16.1 87.8 28.4 41.6 9.7 12 5.8 1.6 8. 32.7 7.7 2.5 38. 2.6 2.6 3.5 567.1 3.4 21.6 16.8 7.5 1 2.2 1 81.2 28.3 38.8 8.7 113.4 9.8 7.3 3.9 7.3 2.3 3 2.4 2.5 3.4 6. 3.4 9. 7.2 11. 2.9 8.3 9. 7.9 6.2 7.9 7.5 17.4 7. 7.9 5.8 1.3 7.9 12.6 9. 1. 7.8 6.2 1 8. 18.6 7.7 6. 6.2 3.5 9.3 7.1 11.5 3.2 8.5 9.9 7. 1 7.2 17.5 6.1 7.3 6.2 Utah Provo-Orem Salt Lake City-Odgen 99 148.2 63 1,1 149.2 65 1,6.2 151.5 64 36.9 22.8 36.6 22.3 31.5 19.5 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.7 3. Vermont Burlington 323.1 9 321.6 96. 32 96.1 12.9 3.1 11.8 2.7 11.8 2.7 3.2 2.9 2.8 Virginia Charlottesville Danville Lynchburg Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News Richmond-Petersburg Roanoke 3,42 72.5 58. 1 713.4 498.7 128.1 3,56 7 58.7 19.9 741.7 52 13 3,56. 7 57.8 18.7 727.1 51 133.4 16 2.6 39.8 2 16.7 2.9 3 2.9 158.9 2.5 35.8 2.2 6.9 8.2 3.3 3.4 7.2 3.5 Washington Spokane Tacoma Seattle-Bellevue-Everett j 2,698.8 186.1 298.5 1,17 2,822.4 196.1 316.5 1,23 2,791.1 19 311.9 1,211.3 139.1 8. 16.2 58.2 16 9.6 18.1 61.5 151.5 9.4 17.3 59.6 5.8 See footnotes at end of table. 134 Digitized for FRASER

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) State and area Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force " " West Virginia Charleston Huntington-Ashland Parkersburg-Marietta Wheeling 782.1 12 132.2 7 81.9 131.1 13 76.3 71.5 79 128.8 13 7 7.6 57.3 7. 9.4 61.3 7.4 8.3 59.5 7.2 8.9 7.3 7.1 7.6 6.2 6.9 Wisconsin Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah Eau Claire Green Bay Janesville-Beloit Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee-Waukesha Racine Sheboygan Wausau 2,88.9 212.5 7 121.3 75.8 72.6 68.9 243.4 77 91. 59.6 68.5 2.887.4 22.3 7 126.2 78.1 73.1 69.8 249.9 791.3 91.9 61.6 69.9 2,843.5 217.5 7 12 77.3 73.1 69.6 247.8 779.6 9. 6.2 68.6 11 7.3 2.9 3.3 2.2 3 2. 3.1 82. 2. 3.1 2.6 2.3 1.8 3.4 2 3.2 1.4 2.3 82.7 1.9 3.2 2.8 2.4 1.9 2 3.3 1.6 2.2 3.4 3.2 2.1 3.4 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.4 3.4 3.2 2.6 1.4 3. 3.5 2.2 3.3 Wyoming Casper 251.9 31.5 257.5 25 31. 1.3 1.6 9.5 1.4 9.9 1.6 1 Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See the Explanatory Notes for Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. 135

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error ntroduction The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports from employers. Data based on household interviews are obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 56, households located in 792 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with coverage in 5 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the month. Data based on establishment records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of about 39, establishments employing over 47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month. RELATON BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND ESTABLSHMENT SERES The household and establishment data complement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more reliably derived from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two data series are as follows. Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the reference week in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. n the figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not at work during the reference week that is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. n the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period are not. Hours of work The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by employers. n the household survey, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours at work. n the pay- 137

roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. Earnings The household survey measures the earnings of wage and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS Bulletin 2239 (1986). COMPARABLTY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WTH OTHER SERES Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job during the reference week, were currently available for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family workers). n addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State nsured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series. COMPARABLTY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT DATA WTH OTHER SERES Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in the BLS statistics. County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. n addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit agencies. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. However, some employees, such as those working in parochial schools and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the BLS establishment statistics. 138

Household Data ("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly) COLLECTON AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population and related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week." Each month about 56, occupied units are eligible for interview. Some 3,4 of these households are contacted but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that of about 6 percent. n addition to the 56, occupied units, there are 9,7 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan, as explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier. CONCEPTS AND DEFNTONS The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the inception of the survey in 194; those in use as of January are as follows: Civilian noninstitutional population. ncluded are persons 16 years of age and older residing in the 5 States and the District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces. Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the reference week. ncluded in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around their own house (painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and other organizations. persons. All persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the 4-week-period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a distribution of weeks of unemployment. Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of (a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months (persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian 139

workers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed for the separate categories.) Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers. Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active methods which have the potential to result in a job offer without further action on the part of the jobseeker qualify as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads and taking a job training course. Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed. Not in the labor force. ncluded in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. nformation is collected on their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4 week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked additional questions relating to job history and workseeking intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis. Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The unemployed are classified according to their last job. The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is based on the coding systems used in the 199 census. The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the following categories: Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are included in the self-employed category in the class of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that their businesses are incorporated are included among wage and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage. Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.) who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are selfemployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with multiple jobs as unpaid family workers. Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the reference week. For example, persons who normally work 4 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the published figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each job and for usual hours. At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work part time must also indicate that they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons. 14

At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: llness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours. The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want to work full time or were unavailable for such work. Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work" exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute. n order to differentiate a person's normal schedule from their activity during the reference week, persons are also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. n this context, full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work. Similarly,part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. This may include some individuals who actually worked more than 34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are temporarily absent from work. Thefull-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists of employed persons who usually work part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for full- and parttime workers are calculated using the concepts of the fulland part-time labor force. White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe the race of persons. ncluded in the "other" group are American ndians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific slanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data for "other" races are not published. n the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent. Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the white and black population groups. Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964, and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who never served in the Armed Forces. Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent. f the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed persons who respond that their business's were incorporated) who usually work full time on their sole or primary job. Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $5 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price ndex for All Urban Consumers (CP-U). Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons. Household. A household consists of all persons related family members and all unrelated persons who occupy a housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse. Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all such persons are considered as members of one family. Families are classified either as married-couple fami- 141

lies or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces. HSTORCAL COMPARABLTY Changes in concepts and methods While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 194, a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the most important changes include: n 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior to that time, the survey did not contain specific question wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization. n 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted, whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to the sample for the same 4 months of the following year. Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the sample, thereby improving measurement over time. n 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for greater consistency with the reference period used for other labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week. n 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 3 days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 3 days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the unemployed classification. The only exception was the small subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force. n 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as follows: a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking and there were no specific questions concerning job-search methods. b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students, who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the spring although they will not be available until June or July. Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force" category. c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes, bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed. d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major series have been revised to provide consistent information based on the new minimum age limit. e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking because they believe there are no jobs available or none for which they would qualify. f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment. n, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted interviewing for the entire survey. n addition, there were revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major changes to the survey were: a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant 142

information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques. b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the definition of discouraged workers. Prior to, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a job and be reported as not currently looking because of a belief that no jobs were available or that there were none for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked during the year), and must have been available for work during the reference week (a direct question on availability was added in ; prior to, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective, relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and not on prior testing of the labor market. c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in the reference week because of poor business conditions or because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work part time: They must want and be available for full-time work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an economic reason during the reference week are assumed to meet these criteria.) d) Specific questions were added about the expectation of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall. e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a new job within 3 days must have looked for work in the 4 weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the job-search requirement in order to be included among the unemployed. For additional information on changes in CPS concepts and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling the Current Population Survey Why is it Necessary to Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review, September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January," in the February issue of this publication. Noncomparability of labor force levels n addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data. Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from the 195 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 6,; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about 35,, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men; other categories were relatively unaffected. Beginning in 196, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 5, in the population and about 3, in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the 196 census reduced the population by about 5, and labor force and employment by about 2,; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. Beginning in 1972, information from the 197 census was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by about 8,; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 3,; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. n March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment based on the 197 census was introduced. This adjustment, which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 3, in the white population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 15,, and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 21,. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 2- to 24-year old men particularly those of the black-and-other population but had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from nflation-deflation Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue of this publication. Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and 143

black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76, (3, men and 46, women). The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes being confined to the "other" component of the population. Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of about 25, in the civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication. Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. t was not until January 198 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates. Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication. Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. n addition, current population estimates used in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived from information obtained from the 198 census, rather than the 197 census. This change caused substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 3, labor force series were adjusted back to 197 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979 (described above), and data users should consider them when comparing estimates from different periods. Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 198 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication. There were only slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates. Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS estimation procedure the noninterview adjustment, the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to January 198. Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 198 and an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by nearly 4,; civilian employment was increased by about 35,. The Hispanic-origin population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425, and 35,, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 27,. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 198 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this publication. Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no effect on national estimates. Beginning in January, population estimates used in the second stage estimation procedure were based on information obtained from the 199 census (adjusted for the undercount as measured by the Census Bureau's Post Enumeration Survey). This change resulted in substantial increases in total population and in all major labor force cat- 144

egories. Under the new population controls, the civilian noninstitutional population increased by about 1.3 million, with much of the increase occurring among Hispanics. Estimates of employment were raised by about 95,, and unemployment by approximately 2,. n addition, the overall unemployment rate rose by about.1 percentage point, largely reflecting the increase in the Hispanic share of the population, which has a higher-than-average incidence of unemployment. For further information, see "Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective January," in the February issue of this publication. Additionally, for the period January through May, the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to technical and logistical reasons. Changes in the occupational and industrial classification system Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 197 census that were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication. Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 198 census were introduced into the CPS. The 198 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different in concepts and nomenclature from the 197 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 198 major group "sales occupations" is substantially larger than the 197 category "sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from "clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm." The industrial classification system used in the 198 census was based on the 1972 Standard ndustrial Classification (SC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 197 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 198 census occupational and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication. Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 199 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based on the 198 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and 1987 Standard ndustrial Classification (SC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between the 198 and 199 census-based systems, particularly within the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories. The most notable changes in industry classification were the shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles were changed as well, with no change in content. Sampling Since the inception of the survey, there have been various changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost. Changes in this regard since 196 are as follows: When Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 196, respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing sample to account for the population of these States. n January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9, housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates for States. n October 1978, a coverage improvement sample of approximately 45 sample household units representing 237, occupied mobile homes and 6, new construction housing units was added. n January 198, another supplemental sample of 9, households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample reduction of about 6, units was implemented in May 1981. n January 1982, the sample was expanded by 1 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), which were redefined in 1973. n January 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 198 census information. A sample reduction of about 4, households was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April- November 1989. A redesigned CPS sample based on the 199 decennial census has been selected for use during the 199's. Households from this new sample were phased in between April and July. The July sample is the first monthly sample based entirely on the 199 census. For further information on the 199 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May issue of this publication. 145

The 199 census-based sample design includes about 66, housing units per month located in 792 selected geographic areas called primary sampling units (PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 5 States and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-state areas of New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. Since 1985, these reliability criteria have been maintained through periodic additions and deletions in the State samples. The criteria, given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV) of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate, expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a 6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error. Nationally, a 1.8-percent CV is maintained on the monthly estimate of the number of unemployed persons, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. This translates into a change of.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a 9-percent confidence level. n 11 States California, Florida, llinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas a CV of 8 percent or less is maintained on the monthly estimates of unemployment level. The CV's for California and New York, however, are about 6 percent, because of sub-state reliability requirements. n these States, a 9-percent CV is maintained on the monthly estimates of unemployment level for the Los-Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area and New York City. This 9-percent CV also applies to the balance of the two States. n the other 39 States and the District of Columbia, an 8-percent CV is maintained on the annual average unemployment level estimate. n the first stage of sampling, the 792 sample areas are chosen. n the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each month, about 66, housing units are assigned for data collection, of which about 56,3 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 56,3 housing units, about 6 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). nformation is obtained each month for about 17, persons 16 years of age or older. Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities, is divided into 2,7 sample units (PSU's). n most States, a PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. n New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are used instead of counties. Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an individual county is too large. Combining counties to form PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes urban and rural residents of both high and low economic levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed without undue travel cost. The 2,7 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State. Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU. Nationally, there are a total of 432 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally the most populous PSU's in each State. The 36 remaining strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it represents the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 199 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 5, would be selected for the sample is twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,. Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and depends on the reliability requirements for estimates for each State. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in every 1 households to 1 in every 3, households. The sampling ratio occasionally is modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively constant given the overall growth of the population. The sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for the State. n a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 1 with a State sampling ratio of 3,, a within-psu sampling ratio of 1 in 3 achieves the desired ratio of 1 in 3, for the stratum. The 199 within-psu sample design takes advantage of block-level data from the 199 census. This was thefirstdecennial census that produced data at the block level for the entire country. Normally, census blocks are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. n cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be quite small in land area. n rural areas, blocks can be several square miles in size. Census blocks were classified into one of three strata: Unit, group quarters, or area. Occasionally, units within a block were split between the unit and group quarters strata. The unit stratum contained regular housing units with ad- 146

dresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group quarters stratum contained housing units where residents shared common facilities or received formal or authorized care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks exist primarily in rural areas. To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to ensure that the within-psu sample reflects the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks within the unit, group quarters, and area strata are ordered using geographic and block-level data from the census. Examples of the census variables used include: Proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owneroccupied housing units. The specific variables used in the sort differed by type of PSU (urban or rural) and stratum. n order to minimize field representative travel costs, the units within each block are sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units. A systematic sample of these clusters is then selected independently from each stratum using the appropriate within-psu sampling ratio. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used in the group quarters and area blocks to locate the particular sample addresses. Units in the three strata described above all existed at the time of the 199 decennial census. Additionally, through a series of procedures, a sample of building permits is included to represent housing units built after the decennial census. ncluding these newly built units keeps the sample up-to-date and representative of the population. t also helps to keep the sample size stable, since the inclusion of these newly built housing units over the life of the sample compensates for the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use. Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal periods. t is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns for another 4 consecutive months. n any 1 month, one of the eight rotation groups is in thefirstmonth of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month, and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is common from month to month and 5 percent from year to year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-toyear overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without burdening any specific group of households with an unduly long period of inquiry. CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS sample design in use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 4, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 199 census-based sample design appears in "Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May issue of this publication. ESTMATNG METHODS Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present Time period Number of sample areas nterviewed Households eligible Not interviewed Households visited but not eligible 1947 to Jan. 1954 Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 May 1956 to Dec. 1959 Jan. 196 to Feb. 1963 Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 Jan. 1967 to July 1971 1971 to July 1972 1972 to Dec. 1977 Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 Jan. 198 to Apr. 1981 May 1981 to Dec. 1984 Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989 April 1989 to 3 Nov. to 4 68 23 1 33 2 333 357 449 449 461 614 629 629 729 729 729 792 792 21, 21, 33,5 33,5 33,5 48, 45, 45, 53,5 62,2 57,8 57, 53,2 57,4 54,5 52,9 5-1, 5-1, 1,5 1,5 1,5 2, 2, 2, 2,5 2,8 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 3,5 3,4 3,-3,5 3,-3,5 6, 6, 6, 8,5 8, 8, 1, 12, 11, 11, 11,5 11,8 1, 9,7 1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in each State and the District of Columbia. 2 Three sample areas were added in 196 to represent Alaska and Hawaii after statehood. 3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, April- November 1989. 4 ncludes 2, additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia that were gradually phased in during the 1-month period, October - August. 147

from each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. Since 1985, almost all sample persons within the same State have the same probability of selection. Exceptions include sample persons in New York and California, where households in New York City and Los Angeles are selected with higher probability. Selection probabilities may also differ for some sample areas due to field subsampling, which is carried out when areas selected for the sample are found to contain many more households than expected. Though a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage; data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each non-msa cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed averages about 6 percent, depending upon weather, vacation, etc. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows: a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather than drawing sample households from every PSU in the Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's that are not self-representing and for those States that have a substantial number of black households. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the time of the 198 census between 1) the race distribution of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing PSU's). b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects, to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates of population match independent population controls. Three sets of controls are used: 1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older, 2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-hispanic age-sex categories, 3) National civilian noninstitutional population controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 1 "other" age-sex categories. The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on April 1, 199. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January, the projections were based on earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to make population projections is given in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January," appearing in the February issue of this publication. 3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio estimate based on the entire sample from the current month and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six rotation groups common to both months. n addition, a bias adjustment term is added to the weighted average to account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates obtained for the other months. The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from year to year, and change over other intervals of time. 148

Rounding of estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal 1 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant. Reliability of the estimates There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not account for any systematic biases in the data. Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information; errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage). Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other results may be found in The Current Population Survey Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December 1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 7, No. 349, March 1975. Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and missed persons within sample households. The CPS covers about 94 percent of the decennial census population. t is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sex-race-origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-raceorigin group. Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 4, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last document includes a comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS. Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. n this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true population value with known probabilities. f the process of selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the true population value. 2. Approximately 9 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above the estimate would include the true population value. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors above the estimate would include the true population value. Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true. Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors for 149

all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. t is important to keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise value. The generalized variance functions and standard errors provided here are based on the sample design and estimation procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the population levels and sample size as of 1993, as well as the use of new population controls based on the 199 census. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors obtained must be further adjusted to reflect the CPS sample size in effect at that time. For years prior to 1956, standard errors should be multiplied by 1.5; for the years 1956 through 1966, standard errors should be multiplied by 1.22. Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the proper use of each table follow. Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated monthly levels and rates for selected employment status characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of interest. Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general employment status characteristics. The standard errors are calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of the monthly estimates. Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation. Table 1 -H presents factors used to convert standard errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly averages. The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated change between nonconsecutive months are not provided (except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive monthly change. Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status categories (n thousands) Category Total, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Men, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Women, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Black, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Men, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Women, 2 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Hispanic origin, 16 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Monthly level 275 295 146 179 194 13 24 29 9 89 87 58 127 129 72 76 45 9 89 43 36 31 28 121 123 58 Consecutivemonth change 24 224 16 152 164 118 155 16 15 88 86 75 94 98 75 63 67 53 68 68 5 38 32 33 85 1 68 Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These tables provide a quick reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table 1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1-E or tables 1-F and 1-G. llustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of women 2 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,,. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 24, is given in table 1-B in the row 15

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics Characteristic Total, 16 years and over Men, 16 years and over Men, 2 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 2 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years White workers Black workers Hispanic-origin workers Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families Occupation Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technicians and related support Sales Administrative support, including clerical.. Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective service Precision production, craft, and repair Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing, ndustry Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Service-producing industries Transportation, communications, and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and services Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers Monthly level.11.16.15.16.16.76.12.47.53.16.19.54.23.19.48.31.25 1.27.72.36.36.52.57.74.73.13.28 1.57.73.29.38.45.15.43.27.19.21 1.19 Consecutivemonth change.13.19.18.19.19 1..14.55.63.19.22.65.27.23.57.37.3 1.51.86.43.43.62.68.88.87.16.33 1.87.87.34.45.53.18.51.33.23.25 1.42 'Total, Women 2 years and over: Civilian labor force." A 9- percent confidence interval as shown by these data, would then be the interval from 53,674, to 54,326,. Concluding that the true labor force level lies within this interval would be correct for roughly 9 percent of all possible samples. Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables 1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the appropriate row in the table. llustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months the estimated number of employed persons changed from 115,6, to 116,7,, an apparent increase of 1,1,. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,15,. Using the table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly level entries between which the value 116,15, lies. The standard error corresponding to 1,, is given as 252,, and the standard error corresponding to 12,, is given as 223,. Use linear interpolation to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month change corresponding to the level 116,15,; one method of calculation is given below. (12,, -116,15, 223, + [12,, -1,, (252, - 223,) = 229, Thus, a 9-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from 734, to 1,466,. Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. nstead of displaying standard errors, these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard errors. Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full time, for example, change relatively little from one month to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since these estimates are relatively volatile. Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not specifying correlation. 151

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels (n thousands) 5 1 5 1,... 2,... 4,... 6,... 8,... 1,. 15,. 2,. 3,. 4,. 5,. 6,. 7,. 8,. 1, 12, 14, 16, 18, Estimated monthly level Agricultural employment Total or white 12 17 39 58 9 147 22 256 31 Black 12 17 37 51 71 Total or white 11 16 36 51 71 1 122 14 155 187 213 Unemployment Black 12 17 36 51 69 89 98 99 92 Characteristic Hispanic origin 12 18 39 55 77 15 Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment Total White Black 11 16 36 51 72 11 123 141 156 188 214 253 281 31 316 324 328 321 294 238 11 16 36 51 72 11 122 14 156 187 212 249 275 293 34 38 37 287 238 12 17 37 51 71 96 111 121 127 125 98 Hispanic origin Employed 13 18 41 57 78 13 116 122 122 Civilian labor force or not in labor force 13 18 41 57 78 13 116 122 122 Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels (n thousands) Estimated monthly level Agricultural employment Total or white Black Total or white Unemployment Black Characteristic Hispanic origin Total Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment White Black Hispanic origin Employed Civilian labor force or not in labor force 5 1 5 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 15, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 12, 14, 16, 18, 13 18 4 55 73 88 86 65 11 16 35 49 67 14 19 42 6 84 115 138 155 168 19 2 14 19 43 59 78 96 97 81 15 21 46 65 89 118 9 13 29 42 59 82 1 115 128 154 174 26 228 244 254 26 262 252 223 164 9 13 29 42 59 82 1 115 128 154 174 26 228 244 254 26 262 252 223 164 1 14 3 42 58 78 9 96 99 9 43 11 16 34 48 65 86 96 1 98 6 9 13 29 4 55 72 82 86 86 62 152

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of monthly levels Characteristic Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total 1 Men 1 Women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.. White 1 Men Women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years... Black Men Women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years... Hispanic origin, -.15693 -.2981 -.26234 -.155877 -.17747 -.32645 -.29869 -.18557 -.112595 -.271289 -.16488 -.1181647 -.1976 261.35 248.58 222 2217.37 26.88 241.86 221.86 2221.96 2734 2558 2298.23 257.17 3391 the appropriate factor from table 1-H. llustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a quarterly average of black employment levels and for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are observed to be 11,5,, 11,6,, and 11,7,. Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,6,. Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black, Total"). Use the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for a monthly estimate of 11,6,. a = -.112595 b = 2734 S x = 7(-.112595X11,6,) 2 + (2734X11,6,) = 129, Not in labor force, total or white, excluding women and 16-to- 19 year olds Agricultural employment: Total or white Men Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years Black Hispanic origin: Total or women Men or both sexes, 16 to 19years.5264.69496.761532 -.2289 -.12127.19639.14443239 722.21 2656.52 2461.77 225.29 2749.5 2522.57 1483.55 Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor.87 from table 1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives an approximate standard error of 112, on the quarterly average of 11,6,. Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black employment. Assume that black employment estimates for the months in the second quarter are observed to be 11,1,, 11,2,, and 11,3,. Unemployment: Total or white... Black Hispanic origin. 1 Excludes not-in-labor-force data. three basic steps: -.15942 -.1961 -.94114 2576.83 274 3116.52 Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,2,. The average of the 2 quarters is 11,4,. Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,4,, treating it as an estimate for a single month. Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years. For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates, average the 2 months involved. Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1-D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month. Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2 by S x = ^(-.112595X11,4,) 2 + (2734X11,4,) = 129, Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor.84 from table 1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives an approximate standard error of 18, on the estimated change of 4, from one quarter to the next. The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors; therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change in quarterly averages is significant. 154

Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels Characteristic Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white: Most characteristics High correlation characteristics 1 Low correlation characteristics 1 Men: Most characteristics High correlation characteristics Low correlation characteristics Women: Most characteristics Low correlation characteristics Both sexes, 16 to 19 years, Black: Most characteristics Low correlation characteristics Men: Most characteristics Low correlation characteristics Women: Most characteristics Low correlation characteristics Both sexes, 16to 19years Hispanic origin: "Total Civilian labor force and not in labor force Low correlation characteristics Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force Men, 16 years and over; 2 years and over; and both sexes, 16 to 19 years Women, 16 years and over and 2 years and over Agricultural employment: Total or white: Total Men Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years Black: Total or women Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years Hispanic origin: Total or women Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years Self-employed Unemployment: 2 Total or white: Total, men, women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics... Black: Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years High correlation characteristics Hispanic origin: Total, men, women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics... -.1178 -.8243 -.14344 -.255 -.14922 -.51814 -.18844 -.5369 -.16926 -.88926 -.1732525 -.2152 -.258762 -.14581 -.278112 -.1176111 -.14534 -.95111 -.242548 -.227656 -.36613 -.315338 -.351254 -.597224.115653 -.19948 -.17161885.2654758.2647371 -.218152 -.8313 -.6357 -.372215.43286 -.233757 -.92118 1747 136 2222.55 1677 137.96 2327 1472.65 2347 228.5 1871.2 5676.12 1986.81 579.9 1621.48 472 2729.2 2417.72 1682.24 7511.81 244 315.64 2239.22 3345 345.8 262.6 2499 5121. 448 351.8 1822.59 3652.76 446 38.3 2691.66 446 6132.68 1 High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing, service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations. 2 High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks. 155

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and change in yearly averages Factor Characteristic Year-to year change of monthly estimate Quarterly averages Change in quarterly averages Yearly averages Change in yearly averages Agricultural employment: Total or men Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Part time 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4.92.82.78.8.7.84.88.8.79.57.49.59.7.7.7.7 Unemployment: Total Part time 1.4 1.4.74.67.88.88.46.42.65.54 Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Part time 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4.87.87.87.79.82.85.84.8.88.9.65.65.65.54.51.7.7.7.6.6 156

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x, of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive months and use the parameters from table 1-G. s x = V ax 2 + bx llustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force (x = 6,,). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment, total or white"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimate of 6,,. a = -.15942 b = 2576.83 S x = 7(-.15942)(6,,) 2 + (2576.83)(6,,) = 122, Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of unemployed men increases by 2, to 6,2,. The average of the monthly levels is x = 6,1,. Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment, Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 2,. a = -.8313 b = 3652.76 S x = 7-(.8313)(6,1,) 2 + (3652.76)(6,1,) = 139, An approximate 9-percent confidence interval for the true month-to-month change would be the interval from -22, to 422,. Because this interval covers zero, one cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of 2, is not significant at a 9-percent confidence level. Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75, persons, the quarterly average base is greater than 6, persons, or the annual average base is greater than 35, persons. The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base. When the numerator and base are in different categories, use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the numerator. The approximate standard error, s y p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base. s y.p = ^jypooo-p) llustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,6, women, 2 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed. Of this total, 1,8, or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b = 222 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain: Suppose that in the next month 5,7, women in this same age group are reported employed and that 1,95, or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the 2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,65,. Next, obtain the parameter b = 2347 from table 1-G ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total or white, Women, Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows. 2344 57 sy,p yp = / (33Y1-33) = 1. percent V 5,65, v A v ' t should be noted that the numerator of the percentage (part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation. f the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women; thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would have been used. Had the example dealt with teenage women employed part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been applied ("Women, Low correlation" or "Both sexes, 16 to 19 years"). n situations like this, where it is not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a more conservative estimate of standard error. Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors to be applied only to standard errors for monthly levels. Follow these 153

Establishment Data ("B" tables) COLLECTON BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment, hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). n March, this sample included about 39, reporting units. From these data, a large number of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable industry and geographic detail are prepared and published each month. Historical statistics can be found in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These data are also available in machine-readable format. Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents; phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates from selected respondents through computer-assisted interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition technology. The respondents extract the requested data from their payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 25 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well as a sample of smaller firms. A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 79 series) is used for mail respondents. t is submitted each month by the respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the respondent for use again the following month The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relationship of the current data to the data for the previous months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved by entering the identification codes and the address of the reporter only once a year. All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data, either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the edited data are used to prepare national estimates. t should be noted that for employment, the sum of the State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments. CONCEPTS ndustrial classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 79 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 198, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity. All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 199 data) and for States and areas (beginning with January 199 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard ndustrial Classification Manual (SC), Office of Management and Budget. ndustry employment Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. ntermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations ars included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central ntelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are also excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have not yet reported during the period. ndexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6). These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of 157

the change in employment over the specified time span. Beginning with August 199 data, the overall indexes are calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries. To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of, 5, or 1 percent, depending on whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number. The reference point for diffusion analysis is 5 percent, the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. ndex numbers above 5 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 5 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 1 minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means that 3 percent more industries had increasing employment than had decreasing employment (65-(1-65) = 3). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 5-percent reference point is the most significant observation. Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as showing the percent of components that increased over the time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 5 percent to the unchanged components when computing the index.) ndustry hours and earnings Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. Production and related workers. This category includes working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers. This group includes the following employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded. Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. ncluded are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig- 158

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. f an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus straight time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month. Such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: rregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions. Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series. For each sample establishment in SC 3721 and SC 3761 covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and cover the following 12-month period. n order to spread the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M-3 report of the nterstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (CC group ) who received pay during the month. Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate. Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series. Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CP- W). The reference year for these series is 1982. 159

ESTMATNG METHODS The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure. Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (U) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are projected forward for each subsequent month based on the trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link relatives are computed for each of 1,73 basic estimation cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level employment estimates. Benchmarks The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for March of each year with the Ul-based population counts for March. These population counts are much less timely than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment. Population counts are derived from the administrative file of employees covered by U. All employers covered by U laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency four times a year. Approximately 99 percent of in-scope private employment is covered by U. A benchmark for the remaining 1 percent is constructed from alternate sources, primarily records from the nterstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based estimates for the year preceding and the year following the benchmark are also then subject to revision. Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure. The difference between the final benchmark level and the previously published March sample estimate is calculated and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes that the total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year. Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month. Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly sample versus the full universe counts derived from the U. Following the revision of basic employment estimates, all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal adjustment factors are calculated and all data series for the previous 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publication of all revised data in June of each year. Monthly estimation Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately 39, business establishments nationwide. A current month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month. Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,73 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a majority of cells. n a few industries, mostly within the construction division, geographic stratification is also used. ndustry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard ndustrial Classification Manual (SC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SC level. This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level estimates. Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months this ratio is called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March benchmark through application of monthly link relatives. Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A. Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at the 3-digit SC level, and applied each month at the basic cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures. The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firm births. There is a several month lag between an 16

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings Employment, hours, and earnings Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size or region/size cell) Monthly data Aggregate industry level (division and, where stratified, industry) All employees Production or nonsupervisory work- Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. 1 All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees. 2 Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. 2 Production worker overtime hours divided by number of production workers. 2 Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker hours. 2 Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells. Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for component cells. Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Annual average data All employees, women employees, and production or nonsupervisory Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Average weekly hours Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by i average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of i employment. Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Average weekly overtime hours Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours. 1 Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. 1 The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample. 2 The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample average. 161

establishment opening for business and its appearing on the U universe frame and being available for sampling. Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 196's. Prior to the 1983 benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the difference between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels. This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the early 198*8 indicated that bias requirements were strongly correlated with current employment growth or decline. Based on this research, a revised method was developed which incorporated the sample data on employment growth over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983, for the production of national estimates. The current model still has limitations in its ability to react to changing economic conditions or changing error structure relationships between the sample-based estimates and the U universe counts. A principal limitation is the inability to incorporate U universe counts as they become available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis, and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of U universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique, which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's U universe counts in the bias modeling process. Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias. When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is often received too late to incorporate into monthly estimates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent for that month. Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and a number of other differences between the sample-based estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and of themselves. Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1984-94 period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added" and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added for is listed as 115,; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1993 through March. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The difference between the total bias required and the total bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures. THE SAMPLE Design The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data in considerably more detail with an additional onemonth lag. The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. The universe of establishment employment is highly skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because variance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a 162

higher rate than smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit is fairly constant across size classes. Under the establishment survey design, large establishments fall into a certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and cost considerations. For example, in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to have a sample design for these industries with a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Coverage The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown. Reliability The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G. Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the U universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged.2 percent, with a range from zero to.6 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current benchmark revisions, along with 1-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level. Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1984-94 Benchmark Average monthly bias Year Employment 1 Revision 2 Added 3 Required 4 Over-the-year employment change 5 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 76,371 79,446 81,24 83,173 86,18 89,15 341-131 -4 21-31 -93 14 152 149 98 114 131 169 141 116 99 88 123 4,328 3,75 1,758 1,969 3,7 2,835 199 1991 1992 1993 9,546 88,79 88,347 89,79 92,73-261 -583-13 288 688 85 61 33 83 115 63 12 22 17 171 1,531-1,756-443 1,443 2,94 1 Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 99 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance administrative records, and the remaining 1 percent is from alternate sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed. 2 Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and the benchmark level for total private employment. 3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year through March of the given year. 4 The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12. 5 March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level. NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector. 163

Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings were computed using the method of random groups and are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error. The errors presented here are based on averages observed from sample data over the March 1992 through March 1993 period. Standard errors for differences between industries and times. The standard error of a difference is required to test for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries are independent, the standard error of a difference is the square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each estimate, S { 2 and S 2 2. Conservative estimates of p after one month are.8 for employment,.6 for average weekly hours, and.8 for average hourly earnings. f the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals or range of values that include the true population value. f the process of selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the true population value. Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark revision at the major industry division level and below are noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year. Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard ndustrial Classification (SC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SC and ownership codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite large and has a substantial impact on universe employment counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a year when the services division is refiled, a substantial amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the bench- Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March Sample coverage 1 S difference = VsfT^ The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The covariance between these estimates must be accounted for when testing the significance of the change in estimates over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows. S change = ^/sj + s 2-2p& x s 2 f Si = S 2, then: S change = ^2s*(l-p) ndustry Total Manufacturing Transportation and Wholesale trade.. Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate... Government: Federal State Local Benchmarks (thousands) 112,141 592 4,497 18,92 5,89 6,47 19,857 6,883 3,872 2,878 4,655 11,878 Number of establishments 331,295 3,738 27,1 61,52 2 17,887 26,573 679 24,698 8,46 ( 3 ) 5,916 18,696 Number (thousands) 44,28 Employees 256 99 9,227 2,461 1,121 4,994 2,272 8,14 2,878 3,822 8,236 Percent of benchmarks 39 43 2 51 42 19 25 33 26 1 82 69 Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates. 2 The nterstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of employment for Class railroads. A small sample is used to estimate hours and earnings data. 3 Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 5,53 reports covering about 59 percent of employment in Federal establishments. 164

Table 2-D. Current (March ) and historical benchmark revisions (Numbers in thousands) ndustry March benchmark revision Level Percent 1-year average mean percent revision 1 Actual Total 747.7 -.1 Total private 668.7 -.1 Goods-producing 311 1.3 Mining Metal mining Coalmining Oil and gas extraction Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels -4-1 -2-4 3 -.7-2.1-1.8-1.2 3.1-1.7-2.8-1.1-2.2 -.6 Construction General building contractors Heavy construction, except building Special trade contractors 84 28 16 39 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.4 -.5 -.2 -.7 Manufacturing 231 1.3 Durable goods 158 1.5 -.1 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products, Primary metal industries, Blast furnaces and basic steel products... Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment, Computer and office equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Electronic components and accessories... Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Aircraft and parts nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 2 5 3 12 5 19 39 12 18 8 19 13 1 9 12 2.7 1..6 1.7 2.1 1.4 2. 3.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.5.2 1. 3.1 -.3 -.1 -.3 -.1 -.4 -.2 -.7 -.3.8 1.2.6 -.1 -.1 Nondurable goods 73.9 Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products 12 3 1 15 7 12 7 1 18-1.7 7..1 1.5 1..8.7.7 1.9 -.9 -.4-1.2 -.1 -.7 -.3 -.1 -.3.1-1.1 Service-producing 436 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Railroad transportation Local and interurban passenger transit Trucking and warehousing Water transportation Transportation by air Pipelines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications and public utilities Communications Electric, gas, and sanitary services 132 9-5 17 42 5 11-1 2 42 37 5 2.2 2.4-2.1 2.4 3. 1.5-1.9 2.9.5 -.2 -.5 -.2 1.2 -.3-2. -1.2 1.1-1.1.2.4 -.1 Wholesale trade Durable goods Nondurable goods 74 74 1.2 2.1 -.6 -.7 -.3 See footnotes at end of table. 165

Table 2-D. Current (March ) and historical benchmark revisions Continued (Numbers in thousands) ndustry March benchmark revision Level Percent 1-year average mean percent revision 1 Actual Retail trade Building materials and garden supplies General merchandise stores Department stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations New and used car dealers Apparel and accessory stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail establishments Finance, insurance, and real estate Finance Depository institutions, Commercial banks Savings institutions 3 Nondepository institutions Mortgage bankers and brokers Security and commodity brokers, Holding and other investment offices nsurance nsurance carriers nsurance agents, brokers, and service Real estate 266-5 89 81 5-21 -11-12 -2 118 49 144 68 32 2 29 23 15 13-2 52 34 19 24 1.3 -.6 1.5-1. -1.2-1.1 -.2 1.7 2. 2.1 2.1 1.5.1 9.2 2.6 -.9 2.3 2.2 2.8 1.8.2.5 1.6 2.2 -.7-1.1 -.3.9 -.6.5 -.1 -.1 -.5-1. -.4 -.8 2.1.2 -.5.5.8 -.2 -.2 Services 4 Agricultural services Hotels and other lodging places Personal services Business services Services to buildings Personnel supply services Help supply services 3 Computer and data processing services Auto repair, services, and parking Miscellaneous repair services Motion pictures Amusement and recreation services Health services Offices and clinics of medical doctors Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals Home health care services 3 Legal services Educational services Social services Child day care services Residential care Museums and botanical and zoological gardens Membership organizations Engineering and management services 3 Engineering and architectural services Management and public relations 3 Services, nee Government Federal Federal, except Postal Service State Education Other State government Local Education Other local government 259 14 17 3 16-12 -58 4-3 -62-44 -11 41-34 -19 17-25 22-14 8-5 -32-1 1-46 -1-8 79 12 15-3 67 16 5 -.8 2.9 1.1.3-2.7-1.4-2.8.2-3.2-6.5-13.5-2.5 3.4 -.4-1.2 1. -.7-1.5-2.3-6.3-1.7.5-1.8-1.3-1.1.4.3.8 -.1.6.2 1. 2.8.2 -.1 -.1.7 1. 1.5-1.7-1.1-2.1.7.8 -.7-1.8 -.9 -.5.6 -.3 1.2-1. -.1 1.4 2.3.4-1.6 2.5-1..1.4.9 1 Data relate to the 1985-94 benchmarks, as originally published, unless otherwise noted. 2 Less than.5 percent. 3 Data relate to 1989-94. 4 ncludes other industries, not shown separately. 166

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors 1 for estimates of employment, hours, and earnings (n percent) Size of employment estimate 5, 1,... 2,... 5,... 1,, 2,, Employment 1.3 1..8.6.4.3 Average weekly hours 2. 1.5 1.1.8.6.5 Average hourly earnings 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.1.9 Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March 1992-March1993. Table 2-F. Relative standard errors 1 for estimates of employment, hours, and earnings by industry (n percent) ndustry Total private Mining Durable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Employment.1.4.4.1.2.1.2.2.1.3.2 Average weekly hours.4.7.2.2.2.3 1.5.4.3.5.7 Average hourly earnings.3 1..3.4.5.4 1.7.3.3 Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March 1992-March1993. mark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals previously published. Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings, based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised samplebased estimates are published 2 months later when nearly.4.4 all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected between the preliminary and final employment estimates. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings. STATSTCS FOR STATES AND AREAS (Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18) As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours, and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the full CES sample to produce monthly national employment estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the sample to independently develop a State employment estimate. The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly the State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because each State series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-states" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure, particularly at turning points. 167

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates ndustry Root-mean-square error of monthly level 1 Actual Mean percent revision Absolute Total 74,7.1 Total private, 56,6.1 Goods-producing 15,7.1 Mining, Metal mining Coal mining Oil and gas extraction Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels Construction General building contractors Heavy construction, except building Special trade contractors 2,3 5 1, 2,2 4 9,7 4,1 4,1 6, -.1.1.1.1.3.6.6.4.3.2.3.4.2 Manufacturing 11,2 Durable goods 8,1 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Computer and office equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Electronic components and accessories... Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Aircraft and parts nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,9 1,5 2,2 2,5 1,2 2,8 1,4 3,8 3,6 1,4 1,9 1,5.1 -.1.1 -.1.2.2.2.2.5.1.1.3.1.2.2.3.2.2.3 Nondurable goods 6, Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products 3,5 5 1,6 2,6 1,5 1,7 1,6 9 1,7 7.2.7.2.2.2.1.1.4.2.5 Service-producing 68,9 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Railroad transportation Local and interurban passenger transit Trucking and warehousing Water transportation Transportation by air Pipelines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications and public utilities Communications Electric, gas, and sanitary services 8,7 7, 2,4 3,3 4,8 2,1 2,3 2 1,1 4,5 4,2 1,9 -.1..1.1 -.1 -.3 -.1 -.1.1.2.7.7.2 1..2.7.3.1.2.2 Wholesale trade Durable goods Nondurable goods 6,9 3,8 4,7.1.1.1 See footnotes at end of table. 168

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates Continued ndustry Root-mean-square error of monthly level 1 Actual Mean percent revision Absolute Retail trade Building materials and garden supplies General merchandise stores Department stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations New and used car dealers Apparel and accessory stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail establishments Finance, insurance, and real estate Finance Depository institutions Commercial banks Savings institutions Nondepository institutions Mortgage bankers and brokers, Security and commodity brokers Holding and other investment offices nsurance nsurance carriers nsurance agents, brokers, and service Real estate 34,5 2,5 16,8 15,7 5,6 3,2 1,3 6,1 4,1 12,7 8,4 6,8 4,5 3,2 2,6 1,3 1,5 1,1 1,1 1,8 3,3 2,9 1, 3,2.1.1.1 -.1.1.1.1.2 -.1 -.1.1 -.1.1.2.5.5.1.1.1.4.4.1.2.1.1.1.1.3.3.5.2.6.1.1.1.2 Services 2 Agricultural services Hotels and other lodging places Personal services Business services Services to buildings Personnel supply services Help supply services 3 Computer and data processing services Auto repair, services, and parking Miscellaneous repair services Motion pictures Amusement and recreation services Health services Offices and clinics of medical doctors Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals Home health care services Legal services Educational services Social services Child day care services Residential care Museums and botanical and zoological gardens Membership organizations Engineering and management services 3 Engineering and architectural services 3 Management and public relations 3 Services, nee 31,2 2,8 6,3 1, 14,4 3,1 1,3 9,7 2,7 2,5 1,3 4,5 12,1 6,2 3,1 2,1 3,1 1,6 1,5 12,2 7,8 4,5 1,4 8 4, 4,4 2,4 2,4 1,3.1.1.1.2.2 -.1.4.1.3.1.4.3.6.2.3.4.4.3.2.3.9.8.1.2.1.1.3.1.6.3.6.2.8.2.1.3.3.4 Government Federal Federal, except Postal Service State Education Other State government Local Education Other local government 37,9 14, 13,2 14,9 12,3 7,7 25,3 19,8 2,5.2.3.4.3.6.2.2.3.3 'The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly observations. 2 Data based on differences from August 199 through December 1993. 3 ncludes other industries, not shown separately. NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 199 through December, unless otherwise noted. J 69

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data ("C" tables) FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATVE PROGRAM Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which derive from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act. Annual average data for the States and over 26 areas shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 242. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a subscription basis. ESTMATNG METHODS Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 5 States, the District of Columbia, and over 6,5 areas, including nearly 2,4 LMA's, counties, and cities with a population of 25, or more. The estimation methods are described below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for sub-state areas. At the sub-lma level, (county and city), estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics. Estimates for States Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for 11 large States California, Florida, llinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas are sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above. For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia, which do not use the CPS directly each month, models based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach are used to develop employment and unemployment estimates. These are the "nondirect-use" States. The model of the signal is a time series model of the true labor force which consists of three components: A variable coefficient regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and current relationships found within each State's economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are available for each State the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics(CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (U) system. The noise component of the models explicitly accounts for autocorrelation in the CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude of the error. n addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series. While all the State models have important components in common, they differ somewhat from one another to better reflect individual State characteristics. Two models one for the employment-to-population ratio and one for the unemployment rate are used for each State. The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic analysis. The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the CES while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series. The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (U) claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with trend and seasonal components. n both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when the new data that become available each month indicate that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once 17

the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for the employment, unemployment, and labor force levels. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates. n the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is required; the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal the CPS annual averages. Estimates for sub-state areas Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two large sub-state areas New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area are obtained directly from the CPS. Estimates for the nearly 2,4 LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described below. Preliminary estimate employment. The total civilian employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been developed for several categories of employment on the basis of employment relationships at the time of the 199 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES agricultural employees, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers, and private household workers. Preliminary estimate unemployment. n the current month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State U laws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be applied to all sub-state LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-state estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of employment and unemployment. 171

Seasonal Adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. n evaluating changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and Earnings. Since January 198, national labor force data have been seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARMA (Auto-Regressive ntegrated Moving Average), which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. n July of each year, BLS calculates and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 197-81 based on 198 census population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were carried back to 197. n, data were revised only for that year because of the major revisions implemented in the Current Population Survey. All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force components agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment data for four sex-age groups (men and women under and over 2 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add to totals. n each January issue, Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force series based on the experience through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure. Since the early 198's, BLS has also used the X-ll ARMA procedure to seasonally adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings data. The X- 11 ARMA program had been run once each year after benchmarking and seasonal adjustment factors had been projected and published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning in June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988 benchmarks, the Bureau modified this procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated and published twice a year. Revisions of historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative models under X-ll ARMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are generally the 2-digit SC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CP-W), and multiplying by 1. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly 172

hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982 annual average base. Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however, are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series. Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors. BLS has developed an extension of X-ll ARMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period and of Labor Day in the September reference period. This extension was applied for the first time at the end of 1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested as having significant and well-defined effects in their April data associated with the timing of Easter. This extension was also used for the seasonal adjustment of many of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours and manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the computation of the projected factors for the period beginning in April 199. Effective with the computation of factors for the November 1993-April period, an extension of the moving-holiday adjustment was introduced to adjust for the effects of elections on local government employment. Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based series based on the experience through March, new seasonal adjustment factors for May-October, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the June issue of Employment and Earnings. Factors for the Movenber -April 1996 period will appear in the December issue. Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and divisions, the 5 States, and the District of Columbia (tables C-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical revisions are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation as a whole differ from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State data. Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the employment estimates at the division level (component series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and historical revisions are made coincident with the annual benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently develops a national employment series; State estimates are not forced to sum to national totals. Because each Sate series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. 173