Situación España 1T16 Situación 1 st QUARTER Españ Economic Outlook Latin America
Latam outlook / February The global economy will continue to grow. but more slowly and with more risks. Uncertainty about China remains and recovery in advanced economies will be fragile. Risks around the baseline scenario were behind increased market volatility in January and February. In addition. oil and copper prices suffered significant corrections. Deceleration of Latam GDP will continue in. The region s GDP as a whole will shrink -0.9% in. dragged by strong recession in Brazil. Recovery in (1.9%) will be driven by a stronger global growth. improved terms of trade and an increase in investment in places like Argentina. Peru or Colombia. Inflation remains high (except Mexico and Paraguay). due to exchange-rate depreciation and food prices. These factors. together with rate hikes by the Fed. induce central banks in the region to tighten their monetary policy stance. External deficits begin to shrink in many countries. but pressure on fiscal deficits increases. Exchange-rate depreciation and deceleration of domestic demand start to reduce external deficits. but they are still sizable in some countries. In contrast. deceleration of domestic demand has worsened the fiscal outlook in many countries in the region. Page 2
Latam outlook / February Global Global economy will continue to grow. but more slowly and with more risks Page 3
Feb-08 Jun-08 Oct-08 Feb-09 Jun-09 Oct-09 Feb-10 Jun-10 Oct-10 Feb-11 Jun-11 Oct-11 Feb-12 Jun-12 Oct-12 Feb-13 Jun-13 Oct-13 Feb-14 Jun-14 Oct-14 Feb-15 Jun-15 Oct-15 Feb-16 Latam outlook / February Financial stress increased significantly in emerging economies BBVA Financial stress index 6.0 5.0 4.0 Financial stress increases again in the last quarter. especially in emerging economies 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Capital flows rebalancing towards advanced economies -1.0-2.0 Developed markets Emerging markets Market pressure on countries more dependent on external financing and commodity exporters Source: BBVA Research Page 4
Latam outlook / February How to read recent market volatility? Is it a delayed response to Fed s rate hike Unlikely: Fed s liftoff was already priced in by markets. If anything. markets now expect a more gradual pace of rate hikes going forward. Is global growth being revised down? Unlikely: recent hard data do not show significant changes from expected path. except in a few emerging economies. Is a risk scenario now more likely? Probably: uncertainty about China (grwoth rebalancing and exchange rate policy) and fall in oil price could have secondround effects (vulnerability of oil companies and oil-exporting countries) Page 5
Mar-12 Jul-12 Nov-12 Mar-13 Jul-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jul-14 Nov-14 Mar-15 Jul-15 Nov-15 Mar-16 Jul-16 Nov-16 Mar-17 Jul-17 Nov-17 Mar-18 Jul-18 Nov-18 Latam outlook / February Oil prices have adjusted driven by supply and demand factors (Box 1) 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Brent oil: (USD/b) Prices fell recently on: 1. Lower demand (weather) 2. Resilient supply (US shale. OPEC reluctance to cut production quotas) Uncertainty about future demand (China) and future OPEC behavior Prices may adjust even further in 1H16 (OPEC. Iran. resilient USshale) and doubts about Chinese growth 30 20 Gradual rebound in 2H16 as non-opec supply falls (lower investment. lower financing) Forecast Nov-15 Source: BBVA Research and Bloomberg Forecast Feb-16 Convergence to 60 USD/b as oil oversupply is reduced Page 6
Mar-12 Jul-12 Nov-12 Mar-13 Jul-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jul-14 Nov-14 Mar-15 Jul-15 Nov-15 Mar-16 Jul-16 Nov-16 Mar-17 Jul-17 Nov-17 Mar-18 Jul-18 Nov-18 Mar-12 Jul-12 Nov-12 Mar-13 Jul-13 Nov-13 Mar-14 Jul-14 Nov-14 Mar-15 Jul-15 Nov-15 Mar-16 Jul-16 Nov-16 Mar-17 Jul-17 Nov-17 Mar-18 Jul-18 Nov-18 Latam outlook / February Other commodities linked to the cycle have been affected. but not as strongly 4.0 Copper: (USD/lb) Soybeans: (USD/tm) 650 3.5 3.0 600 550 500 2.5 2.0 450 400 350 1.5 300 Forecast Nov-15 Source: BBVA Research and Bloomberg Forecast Feb-16 Forecast Nov-15 Source: BBVA Research and Bloomberg Forecast Feb-16 Copper prices dragged by concerns about global growth and the derivatives market whereas soybean prices. less affected by growth rebalancing in China have evolved as expected. Page 7
Latam outlook / February China: deceleration as expected. but increased uncertainty China: GDP growth (%) 9 8 7,7 7,4 7 6,9 6,2 Central scenario: gradual. controlled deceleration to 6% in -. driven by lax economic policies. including the exchange rate 6 5 4 3 5,8 but there is significant uncertainty on: 1. Ability to successfully manage the transition to lower and more balanced growth 2. Exchange-rate policy and incentives to capital outflows 2 1 0 2013 2014 feb-16 Feb-16 nov-15 Nov-15 Source: BBVA Research More likely that doubts about exchange-rate policy will vanish sooner than doubts about authorities ability to engineer a successful transition to lower growth Page 8
Latam outlook / February US: growth around 2.5%. supported by consumption. US GDP growth (%) 3,0 2,5 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,4 The positive effect on consumption from lower oil prices offsets its negative effect on investment and the drag from dollar appreciation 2,0 1,5 1,0 1,5 Growth momentum seems to have abated in the last weeks 0,5 0,0 2013 2014 feb-16 Feb-16 nov-15 Nov-15 Fed will implement gradual rate hikes. conditional on incoming data on economic activity and inflation. We expect two 25bp interest rate hikes during. Source: BBVA Research. BEA Page 9
Latam outlook / February Global GDP will grow 3.2% in. postponing recovery to 6 5 Global GDP growth (%) Confidence indicators and the increase in financial tensions point to moderate growth at the beginning of 4 3 2 Subdued growth in (similar to ) is driven by weak demand in emerging economies 1 0 2013 2014 Developed Emerging World Nov-15 forecast Recovery in developed economies continues to be fragile Source: BBVA Research Page 10
Latam outlook / February Latam deceleration continues in Page 11
May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 Latam outlook / February Global volatility. lower commodity prices and concerns about Chinese growth continued dragging Latam markets Latam: main asset prices (index May 2013=100) 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 Asset prices and exchange rates continued to weaken in January and February. reenacting the losses of July and August last year dragged by global volatility. increase in risk aversion. concerns about Chinese growth and lower commodity prices 60 40 Commodities Exchange Rates Equity EMBI+ Going forward. volatility will continue while doubts remain about the strength of the US recovery and the speed of deceleration in China Source: BBVA Research and Haver Page 12
jul-14 ene-15 jul-15 ene-16 jul-14 ene-15 jul-15 ene-16 jul-14 ene-15 jul-15 ene-16 jul-14 ene-15 jul-15 ene-16 jul-14 ene-15 jul-15 ene-16 jul-14 ene-15 jul-15 ene-16 Latam outlook / February Confidence indicators remain weak. except in Argentina Latam: household and firm confidence indicators (values above 50 indicate optimism) 80 optimism 70 60 50 40 Confidence indicators remain subdued. except in Argentina. This translates into weak consumption and private investment throughout the region Firms: low confidence due to the external environment. political noise in some countries and uncertainty about economic policy 30 20 pessimism Households: subdued expectations given weak labor markets and the increase in inflation ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PER Consumers Producers Source: BBVA Research and Haver Page 13
Latam outlook / February Latin America: deceleration continues in. and recovery is postponed to 5.0 4.0 Latam: GDP growth (%) Growth forecasts for and are revised down. due to weak domestic demand 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.9 1.9 and a challenging external environment. including lower commodity prices and concerns about growth in China -1.0-2.0-3.0-4.0-5.0 Source: BBVA Research -0.5-0.9 2012 2013 2014 2018 Latam (1) Pacific Alliance Argentina (2) Brazil (1) Weighted average of Argentina. Brazil. Chile. Colombia. Mexico. Paraguay. Peru. México. Uruguay and Venezuela (2) Privately estimated GDP is used due to lack of comparable official figures. Recovery of growth in driven by : 1. Stronger global growth; 2. Exchange rate depreciation and improved terms-of-trade 3. Lower political uncertainty in Brazil 4. Surge of private investment in Argentina and infrastructure investment in Peru and Colombia Page 14
Latam outlook / February Peru. Colombia. Mexico and Paraguay. the most dynamic economies in 5 4 3 2 1 0-1 -2-3 -4 Latam countries: GDP growth (%) Downward revision to growth projections in all countries except Peru (less intense El Niño than anticipated) Pacific Alliance will grow around 2.5% in -17. still below its potencial (3.8%) -5 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU Latam Mercosur Pacific Alliance Source: BBVA Research Feb-16 Nov-15 Argentina will regain strong growth in. driven by strong private investment Page 15
Latam outlook / February Exchange-rate depreciation and food prices continues to push inflation above targets. except Mexico Latam: inflation (%yoy) in inflation-targeting countries 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Argentina (izquierda) (left) Brasil Chile Colombia Mexico Paraguay Peru Perú Uruguay CB Target interval Forecast Source: BBVA Research and Haver Inflation remains above central bank targets (except Mexico and Paraguay). despite cyclical weakness due to strong exchange-rate depreciation and rise in food prices. Convergence back to targets is postponed. except in Peru Page 16
Latam outlook / February Elevated inflation and Fed rate hikes push central banks to continue tightening monetary policy Official interest rates in countries with inflation targets (%) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER Source: BBVA Research and Haver Facing the risk of unanchored inflation expectations. Andean countries continued hiking interest rates Forecast and Mexico also hiked rates. to lower pressures on the exchange rate and. thus. over inflation in the near future Page 17
dic-14 dic-14 dic-14 dic-14 dic-14 dic-14 dic-14 Latam outlook / February Exchange rates will remain depreciated. given the external environment and risks. and deceleration of activity Exchange rate gains the USD (index Dec 2014=100) 240 220 200 180 160 140 depreciation vis-à-vis US dollar Intense depreciation in December and January. similar to the July-August event. A tail-event (one in 100 event) Going forward. markets will closely monitor the rate of Fed tightening. possible further deceleration in China and its exchange-rate policy 120 100 80 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PER URU Previsiones Forecast Observado Actual In Mexico. Colombia and Chile there is room for some appreciation of their exchange rates during. as their fundamentals gradually improve. including some increase in oil and copper prices Source: BBVA Research and Haver Page 18
Latam outlook / February External deficits begin to adjust in most countries. in part due to lower domestic demand Latam: Current account deficit (%GDP) 1 0 External deficits throughout the region (but quite small in Chile and Paraguay) -1-2 -3-4 -5-6 External deficits are starting to correct in. due to depreciation and weak domestic demand. together with some recovery of termsof-trade -7-8 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU Latam Feb-16 feb-16 nov-15 Nov-15 Foreign direct investment (FDI) weakens given lower commodity prices. and loses weight as a source of foreign financing. But external vulnerability remains manageable Source: BBVA Research and Haver Page 19
Latam outlook / February but. on the other hand. fiscal outlook worsens. especially in Brazil Latam: Fiscal deficits (%GDP) 0-2 Negative impact of deceleration of domestic demand on tax revenues. In addition. fiscal expenditure accelerates in some countries. -4-6 -8-10 More pronounced worsening of fiscal outlook in Brazil. due to strong recession and political impasse. which prevent to attain primary surplus targets -12 ARG BRA CHI COL MEX PAR PER URU Latam Feb-16 feb-16 nov-15 Nov-15 Source: BBVA Research and Haver Page 20
Latam outlook / February The global economy will continue to grow. but more slowly and with more risks. Uncertainty about China remains and recovery in advanced economies will be fragile. Risks around the baseline scenario were behind increased market volatility in January and February. In addition. oil and copper prices suffered significant corrections. Deceleration of Latam GDP will continue in. The region s GDP as a whole will shrink -0.9% in. dragged by strong recession in Brazil. Recovery in (1.9%) will be driven by a stronger global growth. improved terms of trade and an increase in investment in places like Argentina. Peru or Colombia. Inflation remains high (except Mexico and Paraguay). due to exchange-rate depreciation and food prices. These factors. together with rate hikes by the Fed. induce central banks in the region to tighten their monetary policy stance. External deficits begin to shrink in many countries. but pressure on fiscal deficits increases. Exchange-rate depreciation and deceleration of domestic demand start to reduce external deficits. but they are still sizable in some countries. In contrast. deceleration of domestic demand has worsened the fiscal outlook in many countries in the region. Page 21
Latam outlook / February Annex Page 22
Latam outlook / February Latin America GDP growth forecasts PIB (%a/a) 2013 2014 e f f Argentina 1.7-1.1 1.7 0.7 3.2 Brazil 3.0 0.1-3.8-3.0 1.3 Chile 4.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 2.5 Colombia 4.9 4.6 2.9 2.0 3.0 Mexico 1.6 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.6 Paraguay 14.0 4.7 2.8 2.7 3.4 Peru 5.8 2.3 3.3 3.6 4.2 Uruguay 5.1 3.5 1.2 1.1 2.5 Mercosur 2.7-0.4-2.8-3.4 1.1 Pacific Alliance 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.8 Latin America 2.8 0.9-0.5-0.9 1.9 e = estimated ; f = forecast Page 23