Funding Formulas 1. All states have a mathematical calculation, referred to as a formula to distribute state money to public schools. 2. Each of them is different. 3. All state formulas, to differing degrees, have been influenced by court decisions. 4. The two major principles that courts have used in evaluating and influencing state formulas are: 1. Equity 2. Adequacy 1
Equity v The quality of a child s education should not be solely determined by the level of resources available at the local level. Adequacy v The total amount of local and state resources available for the education of children should be sufficient to give each child an opportunity to achieve state standards. 2
10/31/17 Missouri s Current Formula 1. Adopted by the General Assembly in 2005 to take effect in 2006-07 school year (SB287 Sponsored by then Senator & current State BOE President Charlie Shields) 2. Emphasis on adequacy 3
Missouri s Current Formula 3. Originally, school districts that met all of Missouri s 14 Performance Standards (High Performing Districts) were examined and on average: a. How much do they spend per student? b. What percent of their students are High Cost? 1. Free and reduced lunch eligible 2. Special Education 3. Limited English Proficiency c. Operating Tax Rate Goal of Formula v Provide all school districts in Missouri with at least as much local and state money per student as High Performing Districts have available. 4
Basic Formula Factors Weighted Average Daily Attendance (WADA) X State Adequacy Target (SAT) X Dollar Value Modifier (DVM) Local Effort = State Funding 5
Basic Formula Factors Weighted Average Daily Attendance (WADA) X State Adequacy Target (SAT) X Dollar Value Modifier (DVM) Local Effort = State Funding Weighted Average Daily Attendance (WADA) 1- Average Daily Attendance (ADA) regular year 2- plus ADA for Summer School (current year) 3- plus weights for number of High Cost Students in excess of the averages for High Performing Districts:.25 weight for number of Free & Reduced students above average..75 weight for number of Special Education students above average..60 weight for number of Limited English Proficiency students above average. *These weighting thresholds are recalculated every two years based upon the current definition of High Performing Districts. 6
Basic Formula Factors Weighted Average Daily Attendance (WADA) X State Adequacy Target (SAT) X Dollar Value Modifier (DVM) Local Effort = State Funding 7
State Adequacy Target (SAT) v v v Expenditures per weighted average daily attendance in High Performing Districts (excludes capital, transportation, food service, federal expenditures and growth in local revenues since 2004-05). High Performance Districts are Capped at 25% of Total Number of Districts (129 Districts). Recalculated every two years based upon current High Performing Districts. Basic Formula Factors Weighted Average Daily Attendance (WADA) X State Adequacy Target (SAT) X Dollar Value Modifier (DVM) Local Effort = State Funding 8
Dollar Value Modifier (DVM) Based on wages in area as determined by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Current Range: 1.00 1.094 (1.095 in FY19) (Metropolitan or Micropolitan areas or County) Re-calculated every year based on wages in 57 th wage-rated county in the state. 9
Basic Formula Factors Weighted Average Daily Attendance (WADA) X State Adequacy Target (SAT) X Dollar Value Modifier (DVM) Local Effort = State Funding Local Effort Primarily based on 2004-05 assessed valuation x $3.43/$100 assessed valuation. ($3.43 is average operating tax rate of High Performing Districts in 2004-05. Called Performance Levy in SB287.) 10
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Formula Adequacy v Based upon High Performing Districts and recognition of High Cost Students. Formula Equity v Based on local resources available in 2004-05. 12
Formula Cost v Cost to fully implement the SB287 Formula estimated in 2005 between $900 million and $1 billion. Formula Cost v v Cost was phased-in over a 7-year period beginning in 2006-07. That equated to $120 million - $140 million per year. Districts scheduled to be paid on a percentage of SB287 and a percentage of 2005-06 funding. 13
Phase-In Schedule Year 2005-06 SB287 Formula 2006-07 85% 15% 2007-08 70% 30% 2008-09 56% 44% 2009-10 42% 58% 2010-11 28% 72% 2011-12 14% 86% 2012-13 0% 100% Hold Harmless v SB287 contains a protection for districts that do not benefit from the formula. If formula calculation generates less money for a district than 2005-06 funding (as adjusted by the DVM), the district receives a modified 2005-06 amount (this clause is commonly referred to as Hold Harmless ). 14
Hold Harmless A. Schools with an ADA greater than 350 are held harmless to 2005-06 funding per WADA. B. Schools with an ADA less than 350 are held harmless to 2005-06 funding. ADA > 350 Hold Harmless 15
ADA < 350 Hold Harmless Formula Funding v Funding for the SB287 Formula was to be obtained from a combination of general state monies and a tax on casino revenues--known as the Classroom Trust Fund (CTF). 16
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Formula Funding v In 2009-10 and in 2010-11, Federal Budget Stabilization and Federal Jobs Bill dollars were used to replace declining state general revenues monies and casino tax revenue shortfalls that support the formula. Formula Proration Beginning in 2015-16, State Adequacy Target (SAT) must be prorated so that Hold Harmless schools get 100% of their hold harmless amount. This was passed by the legislature in 2014. 18
What does Fully Funding the Formula Mean? 1. The formula would be fully funded when the calculated SAT is used in the formula and school districts are paid 100% of their formula and/or hold-harmless amount. 2. The amount needed to fully fund the formula in any one year will vary, depending upon state student WADA numbers, the SAT calculation, and the DVM calculation. SB 586 SB 586 passed in 2016 reinstated the 5% cap on the calculation of the State Adequacy Target (SAT) which was a part of the original formula created in 2005. The practical effect of SB 586 was to reduce the overall call on the foundation formula and therefore make the formula easier to fund. It was estimated the appropriation needed to fully fund the formula for FY18 is $3,392,907,149 which is $48,215,881 more than was appropriated in FY17. 19
Actual Formula Funding History School Year SAT Prorated SAT Formula Proration 2007-08 $6,117 $6,117 100% 2008-09 $6,117 $6,117 100% 2009-10 $6,117 $6,117 98.6% 2010-11 $6,124 $6,124 97.39% 2011-12 $6,131 $6,131 94.3% 2012-13 $6,423 $6,131* 92.6% 2013-14 $6,716 $6,131* 93.3% 2014-15 $6,716 $6,131* 96.9% 2015-16 $6,716 $6,145** 100% 2016-17 $6,241*** $6,198.7 100% 2017-18 $6,241 $6,220 (Oct. 2017) 100% *2012-13 is end of 7-year phase-in. Law allows proration of SAT. Partial Proration by DESE. ** 2015-16 was the first year that the SAT was used to prorate the formula. *** Formula funding total is reduced by re-instatement of 5% cap as a result of SB586. Foundation Formula *SAT for June 2017 was $6,198.7 (FY17) *SAT for October 2017 was $6,220 (FY18) *Full funding = $6,241 SAT (cannot exceed $6,241) *$3.392 billion appropriation for the formula in FY18 ($48.2 million more than FY17) * $750,000 to increase the SAT by $1, so $48.2 million/$750,000 = $64.2 increase in SAT *$6,198.7 + $64.2 = $6,262.9 SAT (capped at $6,241) 20
Early Childhood Provision Allows school districts to count free and reduced lunch eligible early childhood students in the WADA calculation will increase the cost. Legislation passed in 2014 allows unaccredited districts to do this in 2015-16 and provisionally accredited districts to do so in 2016-17. Accredited districts can do so when the formula is fully funded. RSMo 163.018.5 For all other districts, the provisions of subsection 1 of this section shall become effective in any school year subsequent to a school year in which the amount appropriated for subsections 1 and 2 of section 163.031 is equal to or exceeds the amount necessary to fund the entire entitlement calculation determined by subsections 1 and 2 of section 163.031, and shall remain effective in all school years thereafter, irrespective of the amount appropriated for subsections 1 and 2 of section 163.031 in any succeeding year. 21
Full Funding-DESE Position If the Basic Formula Calculation is fully funded at the SAT of $6,241 as of June 30, 2018 then all districts and charter schools can claim PK ADA starting FY 2019. Once that occurs, it will continue in the calculation from that point forward. The number of pupils that can be counted for Pre-K ADA is limited to 4% of the total number of free and reduced eligible students ages 5 to 18 (the word number is used and not FTE). Q & A time? 22
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