CC is a development issue - not just an environmental concern CC impacts on human development, economic growth, poverty alleviation and the achievement of MDGs Long term: human lives and livelihoods are subject to threat from climate-related disruptions of ecological, economic and social systems Short term: CC is eroding coping capacity of vulnerable people (severity & intensity of weather events floods, droughts, heat waves,) CC is an opportunity for stimulating green economy
Impacts of Climate Change on MDGs 1: Eradicate poverty and hunger food production, access to water 2: Universal primary education burden agric. Production & water collection keep children from schools 3: Gender equality and empower women primary users and managers of natural resources, NR access 4: Reduce child mortality 5: Improve maternal health 6: Combat major diseases Vector & water bourne diseases (e.g. Malaria); poor food security - poor health 7: Ensure env sustainability- impact eco-systems productivity, quantity, quality.
Lao PDR: Natural resources contribute 75% of per capita GDP, more than 90% of employment and 60% of exports Cambodia and Maldives: fisheries contributes 10% of GDP Bhutan: hydropower accounts for more than half of national revenue. Indian states: NR high economic contribution in some of poorest states
Investment in environment only 1% - 2.5% of public expenditure Country Share of Total Public Expenditure Indonesia 0.7 Lao PDR 0.7 Vietnam 1.4 Thailand 1.0 Papua New Guinea 2.5 So need to increase domestically financed investment for environment PLUS mobilize CC funds Reduce environmentally harmful public and private investment
Ministry of Finance: key role in budgets and expenditure Ministry of Planning: public investment in South Asia, key role in private investment in South East Asia Ministry of Local Government: key as block grants to local government especially in South Asia Ministry of Environment has technical role but needs to allow & support stronger Ministries to coordinate and mainstream into plans and budgets
Looking at Adaption and Mitigation About 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from this region and this is expected to increase to over 50% by 2030.
THINGS REALIZED Negotiations Are Back on Track renewed trust Green Climate Fund it will be established Formal recognition that current emissions pledges need to rise REDD+ :A framework on compensating countries not to cut down their forests THINGS NOT REALIZED Commitments for deeper emissions cuts Mechanisms for negotiating deeper emission cuts Deciding on the legal status of any new global agreement
Vertical or Horizontal Integrating climate change in the context of the UNDAF process can take place at two levels: As a cross-cutting theme, with a climate change perspective incorporated in all relevant UNDAF outcomes, as specific outputs. As a climate-focused thematic pillar with specific activities and outputs contributing to a separate UNDAF outcome. Best practice is to do both
Guidance note on "CC integration" April 2010 (MoE, Min of Planning to develop & share guidance for Ministeries on mainstreaming CC) Pool of trained trainers (Expert CC staff from MoE available to advise Ministries) Experience of the previous UNDAF cycle where climate change was rarely mentioned (MoE, Min Planning to review existing CC actions in Government Ministries) Along the UNDAF steps there are specific entry points, actions and tools Integration needs to be discussed at all levels (UNCT members, Thematic Working Group, etc ) (Mainstreaming CC requires buy in from highest level Ministers/Permanent Secretaries plus expertise at technical level)
UNDAF Guidelines 1. Plan of Engagement 2. Country Analysis 3. Strategic planning 4. M&E
Steps for UN Country Programming Plan of Engagement Entry Point 1.1 Review existing country analytical work 1.2 Engage stakeholders in mapping national planning process 1.3 Identify UNCT comparative advantages and gaps Tools Apply a climate lens (focus questions Annex A C) Mapping Self Assessment Support Country Analysis 2.1 Contribute to government led analysis 2.2 Support targeted climate related studies 2.3 Assess climate-related risks &opportunities as part of CCA 2.4 Participate in prioritization exercise for the UNDAF Apply a climate lens (focus questions Annex D) Environmental Assessment - non project (GHG inventories, IEA, SEA etc.) Other UNDAF Formulation and Programme and Project Preparation 3.1 Select 3-5 national priorities 3.2 Ensure UNDAF outcomes provide collective support system for national development 3.3 Climate screen agency programmes and projects 3.4 Include climate change considerations in the Annual Work Plan of other annual planning instruments Apply a climate lens (focus questions Annex E-I) Screening (Annex G) Mainstreaming (Annex I) UNDAF Monitoring and Evaluation 4.1 Assess extent to which UNDAF results contribute to national priorities 4.2 Feed back intro country analysis & planning Apply a climate lens (focus questions J-K) Monitoring & Evaluation (Annex J)
Steps for UN Country Programming Plan of Engagement Entry Point 1.1 Review existing country analytical work 1.2 Engage stakeholders in mapping national planning process 1.3 Identify UNCT comparative advantages and gaps Tools Apply a climate lens (focus questions Annex A C) UN CC Mapping 2.1 Contribute to government led analysis As a part of screening country analytical work, use existing studies like National Communication, National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), National Capacity Self Assessment (NSCA) CC stakeholders - Ministry of Agriculture, Water, Forest, Energy, Environment, Health, Physical Planning, Civil Society, private sector etc Need to be engaged to help identify CC response and opportunities in context to human 3.3 Climate and screen economic agency programmes development and projects 3.4 Environmental Assessments UNCT: who is doing what on CC Institutional mapping, matrix (MoE/Min Of Planning to coordinate mapping of CC actions in Ministries)
Support Country Analysis 2.1 Contribute to UN country analysis 2.2 Support targeted climate related studies 2.3 Assess climate-related risks &opportunities as part of CCA 2.4 Participate in prioritization exercise for the UNDAF Apply a climate lens (focus questions Annex D) Use Environmental Assessments - (GHG inventories, IEA, agency reports etc.) Compile list of available studies (NAPAs, NSCAs, etc) and use existing vulnerability assessments and GHG inventories available in these documents Where are emissions coming from (sectors/ sites)? Which are the most vulnerable sectors/ sites and where are they? Economic analysis of mitigation / adaptation options Groups that will be most affected by CC and what are their concerns? (Ensure key CC documents/reports/extracts are provided to relevant Ministries/staff) Provide qualified staff and/or CVs of CC experts to be included in the analysis team & Ensure UN has CC expert at UNDAF SPR meeting (Ensure MoE CC expert attend key development planning meetings)
UNDAF Formulation and Programme and Project Preparation 3.1 Select 3-5 national priorities 3.2 Ensure UNDAF outcomes provide collective support system for national development 3.3 Climate screen agency programmes and projects 3.4 Include climate change considerations in the Annual Work Plan of other annual planning instruments Thematic mainstreaming checklist (Annex C ) Appraising UNDAF results CC (Annex F ) Screening agency programmes (Annex G) Mainstreaming CC in AWP (Annex I) Decide on Vertical and/or Horizontal integration of CC Vertical: 1 outcome on CC such as low carbon and climate resilient development can have several outputs such as reducing carbon intensity in SMEs Horizontal: Each of the 5 outcomes has several specific outputs on CC which enhance the resilience to CC, promote GHG reduction and promote co benefits (To ensure CC integrated into sectoral plans MoE second CC experts to relevant Ministries) Support to UNDAF Outcome working groups Environmental Integration Meeting to review UNDAF outcomes/outputs (MoE/Min of Planning to review draft plans to see if CC has been considered adequately)
UNDAF Monitoring and Evaluation 4.1 Assess extent to which UNDAF results contribute to national priorities 4.2 Feed back intro country analysis & planning Ensure that CC considerations are included in M & E processes/documents (focus questions J) Ensure that M & E results feedback into planning (Annex K) Review M & E portion of UNDAF to ensure CC is adequately considered e.g. if horizontally integrated, do the UNDAF outcomes include CC indicators? (MoE/Min of Planning to review M & E system of national plans to ensure CC is reflected) Monitoring and evaluation should detect: When changes in the actual climate influence the achievement of development programmes and projects or when new climate-related information suggests that they need to be modified. New capacity development needs for successfully mainstreaming climate change considerations in national and sectoral plans and policies. M & E should provide an opportunity for learning and continuous improvement of the UNDAF while it is being implemented.
Climate change presents significant threats to development and the achievement of the MDGs and will affect the poorest the most. UNDG CC guidelines should be used in combination with other UNDG guidelines (Environment, Disaster Management, Gender). (Useful to review and piggy back on other thematic mainstreaming efforts in national planning e.g. gender.) Recommend that HRBA/RBM training for staff involved in UNDAF development at country level include a session on mainstreaming CC and the new UNDG Guidelines (MoE to organize briefings on CC issues for key civil service planning experts for line Ministries).
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