SERBIA: Tax. Rulebook on Transfer Pricing

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No. 17/July 2013 Belgrade Serbian version SERBIA: Tax Rulebook on Transfer Pricing On 12th July 2013, the Ministry of Finance issued the Rulebook on transfer pricing and arm s length methods applicable to determination of prices in related-party transactions 1 ( Rulebook ). The Rulebook implements the provisions of the Corporate Income Tax Law 2 ( Law ) on transfer pricing, introduced in December 2012. According to those provisions, mandatory transfer pricing documentation has to be filed along with the tax balance sheet. Deadline for filing of the tax balance sheet has been extended to 180 days from the end of the relevant tax period. For FY 2013, tax balance sheet should be filed until 30 th June 2014. The Law also introduced the possibility of applying transactional transfer pricing methods (TNMM and PS) in addition to the already existing traditional transfer pricing methods (CUP, C+ and R-). The Rulebook regulates form and content of the transfer pricing documentation, selection and application of arm s length methods for the purpose of comparing of transfer price with arm s length price, as well as rules for determination of depreciation base for assets acquired in related party transactions. It is expected that the Rulebook will bring more legal certainty regarding disclosure and recognition of transfer prices. Before the Rulebook, the requirements regarding documenting transfer prices were not clear. Many a taxpayer was disclosing the calculation of transfer prices in their tax balance sheet without any supporting documentation and the tax authority applied different transfer pricing methods inconsistently and arbitrarily. The Rulebook prescribes that the documentation drafted in the form of a report should contain: 1) analysis of the taxpayer s group; 2) business activity analysis; 3) functional analysis; 4) determination of the method for examining whether transfer prices are compliant with the arm s length principle; 5) conclusion; and 6) appendices. Group analysis should, in particular, contain a description of the group s business activities, organizational, legal and shareholders structure of the group, history and general financial data. Furthermore, it should include general description of operations and business policy of the group, with an emphasis on changes, if any, in the business policy since the previous tax period. This general overview should also include basic information on 1 Pravilnik o transfernim cenama i metodama koje se po principu "van dohvata ruke" primenjuju kod utvrđivanja cene transakcija među povezanim licima ("Official Gazette RS", no. 61/2013) 2 Zakon o porezu na dobit ("Official Gazette RS", nos. 25/01, 80/02, 80/02, 43/03, 84/04, 18/10, 101/11, 119/12 and 47/13)

related parties group members with which the taxpayer has transactions subject to transfer prices that need to comply with the arm s length principle. Within the industry overview, the taxpayer is obliged to prepare a description of all business activities (industries) it is engaged in, including those which do not constitute its prevailing activity. In this part of the transfer pricing report, the taxpayer should offer a general overview of market conditions in those industries, an overview of specific legislation applicable to the relevant industry which can be of importance for the transfer pricing analysis (e.g. the rules on medical licenses in pharmaceutical industry), an overview of market shares and main competitors, suppliers and customers. Also, the factors that have influence on the determination of prices within the industry, as well as on the profitability of companies in the industry should be described. Finally, the risks that arise in the industry need to be defined. Exceptionally, the taxpayer is not obliged to prepare the analysis of the industry that is not its registered prevailing activity, if the tax payer generates in that area less than 10% of its total revenues. Functional analysis is the corner stone of the transfer pricing report and it should contain: 1) Information on and description of all types of transactions with related entities. Furthermore, one should state whether there are existing contracts regarding those transactions in written form, and if yes, outline main contractual terms. It should be also explained whether it is possible to analyze each transaction separately. If not, the reasons for the grouping or division of transactions should be provided. 2) Description of the functions performed, risks assumed and assets used in the relevant transactions. 3) Description of the factors with decisive influence on prices in related party transactions; 4) Determination of economic status of the taxpayer in transactions; 5) Description of planned development of business relations and transfer pricing policy with related parties; Method selection For the purpose of auditing transfer prices compliance with the arm s length prices, the taxpayer is obliged to choose one of the following methods: Comparable uncontrolled price ( CUP ) Resale price method ( R- ) Cost plus method ( C+ ) Transactional net margin method ( TNMM ) Profit split method ( PS ). The Rulebook gives detailed instructions on application of each of the aforementioned methods, in accordance with prevailing international practice and the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines.

Selection of method depends on: 1) The nature of transactions that are subject to analysis; 2) Availability and reliability of analyzed data; 3) Degree of comparability of related party transactions with unrelated party transactions; 4) Adequacy of unrelated party data usage for the analyses of compatibility with related party transactions; 5) Nature and reliability of assumptions. Taxpayer is obliged to state the decisive reasons for the choice of one method over another. In accordance with the selection method, the taxpayer is obliged to define comparable transactions or comparable non-related companies which served as the basis for determination of arm s length price or price range, in case internal comparable data cannot be used. In selecting comparable unrelated entities and comparable uncontrolled transactions, the data from Serbian market should be primarily used. The data from other markets can be used only if there are no sufficient comparables on the Serbian market and the conditions on the other chosen market is comparable to the conditions on the Serbian market. Conclusion In the conclusion, the taxpayer establishes whether the prices in transactions with its related parties conform to arm s length prices or need to be adjusted in accordance with the selected arm s length method. Appendices The taxpayer is obliged to provide an overview of the data used for the determination of arm s length price or price range in accordance with the selected method and information on comparable domestic or foreign transactions or companies (benchmarking). Audit If it considers provided documentation insufficient for the audit of transfer prices, the tax authority can request additional documentation from the taxpayer. However, the tax authority is obliged to take into account the cost that such requirement may impose on the taxpayer, as well as the ability of the taxpayer to obtain additional documentation. The tax authority is authorized to draft documentation and/or additional documentation on its own, without first requiring the tax payer to provide one, if it establishes that the documentation filed by the taxpayer does not constitute adequate basis for analysis of the compliance of transfer prices with arm s length market prices.

Pravilnik o transfernim cenama Ministarstvo finansija donelo je 12. jula 2013. Pravilnik o transfernim cenama i metodama koje se po principu "van dohvata ruke" primenjuju kod utvrđivanja cene transakcija među povezanim licima ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 61/2013). Pravilnik omogućava implementaciju odredbi o transfernim cenama uvedenih poslednjim izmenama Zakona o porezu na dobit pravnih lica ("Sl. glasnik RS", br. 25/01, 80/02, 80/02 - dr. zakon, 43/03, 84/04, 18/10, 101/11, 119/12 i 47/13) iz decembra 2012. Tim odredbama uvedena je obaveza podnošenja dokumentacije za transferne cene uz poreski bilans. Rok za podnošenje poreskog bilansa je produžen na 180 dana od kraja relevatnog poreskog perioda za 2013 godinu, poreski bilans sa dokumentacijom podnosi se do 30. juna 2014. Pored već postojećih tradicionalnih metoda za analizu usklađenosti transfernih cena sa cenama koje bi bile postugnute da je transkacija zaključena «van dohvata ruke» (CUP, R- i C+), izmene Zakona uvele su mogućnost primene transakcionih metoda (TNMM i PS). Pravilnik bliže reguliše pitanja forme i sadržine dokumentacije o transfernim cenama, izbora i načina primene metode za upoređivanje transferne cene sa cenom koja bi za istu transakciju bila postignuta po principu "van dohvata ruke", kao i način utvrđivanja osnovice za obračun amortizacije stalnog sredstva nabavljenog od povezanog lica. Za očekivati je da Pravilnik uspostavi više pravne sigurnosti u pogledu iskazivanja i priznavanja transfernih cena. Pre donošenja Pravilnika i izmena zakona iz decembra, zahtevi u pogledu dokumentovanja transfernih cena nisu bili jasno propisani. Mnogi obveznici su iskazivali obračun transfernih cena u poreskom bilansu bez ikakve propratne dokumentacije kojom se iskazane cene obrazlažu, a poreska uprava je često nedosledno i arbitrarno primenjivala različite metode za analizu transfernih cena. Pravilnik propisuje da dokumentacija sačinjena u formi izveštaja treba sadržati 1) analizu grupe povezanih lica kojoj pripada obveznik; 2) analizu delatnosti; 3) funkcionalnu analizu; 4) izbor metoda za proveru usklađenosti transfernih cena sa cenama utvrđenim po principu "van dohvata ruke"; 5) zaključak; i 6) priloge. Analiza grupe podrazumeva opis privrednih delatnosti u kojima grupa povezanih lica posluje, organizacionu, pravnu i vlasničku strukturu grupe, istorijat grupe, opšti opis poslovanja i poslovne politike grupe. Posebno je potrebno istaći eventualne promene poslovne politike u odnosu na prethodni poreski period. U ovaj generalni pregled treba uneti i osnovne podatke o povezanim licima - članovima grupe sa kojima obveznik ima transakcije koje su obuhvaćene obavezom iskazivanja transfernih cena i njihove usklađenosti sa principom "van dohvata ruke". U okviru analize delatnosti obveznik je dužan da pripremi opis svih delatnosti u kojima posluje, bez obzira na to koju je delatnost definisao kao pretežnu. U ovom delu, obveznik treba da prikaže opšti pregled tržišnih uslova u delatnostima u kojima posluje, pregled specificne regulative koja se odnosi na datu delatnost i koja može biti od značaja za analizu transfernih cena (na primer, u farmaceutskoj industriji, pravila o izdavanju dozvole za lek i sl.), pregled tržišnog učešća, pregled glavnih konkurenata, dobavljača i kupaca. Takođe treba opisati činioce koji imaju uticaj na određivanje cena u okviru delatnosti, kao i na profitabilnost privrednih društava koja se bave tom delatnošću. Na kraju, treba definisati rizike koji se javljaju u vezi sa poslovanjem u konkretnoj delatnosti. Izuzetno, obveznik nije dužan da priprema analizu one delatnosti koja ne predstavlja njegovu registrovanu pretežnu delatnost, ukoliko po osnovu obavljanja te delatnosti ostvaruje manje od 10% svojih ukupnih prihoda.

Funkcionalna analiza, kao osnova studije, treba da sadrži: 1) podatke o vrstama transakcija sa pojedinačnim povezanim licima i njihov opis. Zatim je potrebno navesti da li su povodom transkacija zaključeni ugovori u pisanoj formi, te ako jesu, navesti najvažnije elemente tih ugovora. Treba obrazložiti da li postoji mogućnost da se svaka transakcija posmatra pojedinačno, a ako ne, moraju se dati razlozi za primenu objedinjenog ili razložnog pristupa analizi transakcija; 2) opis preuzetih funkcija i rizika, kao i angažovanih sredstava u transakcijama; 3) opis činilaca koji su odlučujuće uticali na određivanje cena u transakcijama sa povezanim licima; 4) utvrđivanje suštinskog ekonomskog položaja poreskog obveznika u transakcijama; 5) opis planiranog razvoja poslovnih odnosa i politika transfernih cena sa povezanim licima. Izbor metoda Za potrebe provere usklađenosti transfernih cena sa cenama utvrđenim po principu "van dohvata ruke", obveznik je dužan da izabere jednu od sledećih metoda: Metoda uporedive nekontrolisane cene ( CUP ) Metoda preprodajne cene ( R- ) Metoda cene koštanja uvećane za uobičajenu dobit ( C+ ) Metoda transakcione neto marže ( TNMM ) Metoda podele dobiti ( PS ). Pravilnik daje detaljna uputstva o primeni svake od gorepomenutih metoda, u skladu sa uobičajenom međunarodnom praksom i OECD Smernicama za transferne cene. Izbor metode zavisi od: 1) prirode transakcija koje su predmet analize; 2) dostupnosti i pouzdanosti podataka za analizu; 3) stepena uporedivosti između transakcija obavljenih po transfernim cenama sa transakcijama koje se obavljaju sa ili između nepovezanih lica; 4) primerenosti korišćenja finansijskih podataka nepovezanih lica za analizu usklađenosti transfernih cena po pojedinim vrstama transakcija koje obveznik obavlja sa povezanim licima; 5) prirode i pouzdanosti pretpostavki.

Obveznik je dužan da navede odlučujuće razloge za primenu izabrane metode na konkretnu transakciju. U skladu sa izabranom metodom, obveznik je dužan da definiše uporedive transakcije ili uporediva nepovezana privredna društva na osnovu kojih je utvrdio cenu ili raspon cena u skladu sa principom "van dohvata ruke", ukoliko ne može da koristi interne (sopstvene) podatke o uporedivim transakcijama. Prilikom odabira uporedivih nepovezanih privrednih društava i uporedivih transakcija, prednost se daje podacima sa tržišta u Srbiji. Podaci sa drugih tržišta se mogu koristiti samo ukoliko se pretragom ne može doći do dovoljno uporedivih podataka na tržištu Srbije. Dodatan uslov za proširenje pretrage je da uslovi poslovanja na tim drugim tržištima budu uporedivi sa uslovima poslovanja na tržištu Srbije. Zaključak Obveznik u zaključku utvrđuje da li su cene u transakcijama sa pojedinačnim povezanim licima u skladu sa cenama utvrđenim po principu "van dohvata ruke" ili je neophodno vršiti njihove korekcije u skladu sa izabranim metodom za proveru usklađenosti transfernih cena sa cenama utvrđenim po principu "van dohvata ruke". Prilozi Obveznik daje pregled podataka koje je koristio za utvrđivanje cene po principu "van dohvata ruke" ili raspona cena utvrđenih po principu "van dohvata ruke" u skladu sa izabranom metodom i informacija o uporedivim domaćim ili inostranim transakcijama, odnosno društvima (Benchmark analiza). Kontrola Poreske uprave U slučaju da dokumentacija obveznika nije dovoljna za proveru transfernih cena u transakcijama sa povezanim licem, poreska uprava može zahtevati dodatnu dokumentaciju od obveznika. Međutim, poreska uprava ima obavezu da vodi računa o troškovima koje će poreski obveznik imati zbog pripreme dodatne dokumentacije, kao i o mogućnostima obveznika da obezbedi dodatnu dokumentaciju. Poreska uprava može i bez upućivanja zahteva za dopunu dokumentacije da pristupi samostalnoj izradi, odnosno dopuni dokumentacije, ukoliko utvrdi da dokumentacija koju je obveznik dostavio nije pripremljena na način koji pruža adekvatnu osnovu za usklađivanje transfernih cena sa tržišnim cenama u skladu sa principom van dohvata ruke.