Survey of Tunisian Public Opinion

Similar documents
Survey of Tunisian Public Opinion October 1-12, Williams and Associates Salem, Massachusetts

Egyptian Public Opinion Survey April 14 April 27, Williams and Associates Salem, Massachusetts

Survey of Tunisian Public Opinion. December 6 December 13, 2016

National Survey of Nigerian Public Opinion. April 18 to May 6, 2016

National Survey of Bangladeshi Public Opinion. April 10 May 21, 2018

National Survey of Mongolian Public Opinion

PEW RESEARCH CENTER. Topline Results. Pew Research Center Spring 2014 survey October 15, 2014 Release

What America Is Thinking On Energy Issues. Production & Infrastructure: New Jersey

What America Is Thinking On Energy Issues. Production & Infrastructure: Missouri

Survey of Iraqi Public Opinion

Public Opinion Survey of Tunisians. November 23 December 3, 2017

Survey of Burma/Myanmar Public Opinion. March 9 April 1, 2017

Public Opinion Survey Residents of Kyrgyzstan

PENSION POLL 2015 TOPLINE RESULTS

What America Is Thinking Access Virginia Fall 2013

Bangladesh Survey of Public Opinion. February 4-21, 2016

Georgian National Study

SOMALILAND OPINION SURVEY - HARGEISA DISTRICT - FIELDWORK : SEPTEMBER 28 OCTOBER 8, 2011

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON BATTLEGROUND POLL

Right direction 33% 34% Wrong track 57% 56% Neither 3% 2% Don t know / Refused 7% 7%

Production & Offshore Drilling July 2014

QUESTIONNAIRE A SOCIAL STUDY AND PUBLIC OPINION POLL OF THE POPULATION OF SANTIAGO Work document No. 83 May 1987

Random digital dial Results are weighted to be representative of registered voters Sampling Error: +/-4% at the 95% confidence level

Survey of Mongolian Public Opinion

Public Opinion Survey Residents of Ukraine

S2 Gender N % Male % Female %

What America Is Thinking On Energy Issues January 2015

WBUR City of Boston Poll Survey of 405 voters in Boston, Massachusetts Field Dates: September 27-October 1, 2017

The Arkansas Poll, 2014 Summary Report

Marquette Law School Poll Toplines- September 13-16, 2012 (Reported total sample size may differ from 705 due to rounding of weighted data.

Random digit dial Results are weighted to be representative of Maryland registered voters.

Interview dates: October 23-30, 2006 Interviews: 900 black respondents, 706 registered voters, 361 likely voters (202)

Fall (percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding)

Access and Infrastructure National April 2014

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Random digit dial Results are weighted to be representative of registered voters.

What America is Thinking on Energy Issues Election Night Poll 2014 November 5, 2014

MAJORITIES OF CALIFORNIANS SUPPORT THE NATION S NEW HEALTH CARE LAW, BUT THINK MORE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM CHANGES ARE NEEDED.

North Carolina Survey Results

Survey of Southern Kazakhstan Population

What America Is Thinking About Energy Issues February 2016 Presented by: Harris Poll

What America Is Thinking On Energy Issues February 2016

The Arkansas Poll, 2010 Summary Report

THE GEORGE WASHINGTON BATTLEGROUND POLL

Swaziland Strives To Reduce Poverty, Empower Women Swaziland Round 5 Release Event 4

How important to you is the issue of creating jobs here in the U.S.?

By Bruce Anderson & David Coletto

2017 WESTERN STATES SURVEY Interview Schedule Utah

For Release 6PM ET Thursday, September 27, Methodology

Marquette Law School Poll Toplines- July 5-8, 2012 (Reported total sample size may differ from 1,000 due to rounding of weighted data.

Marist College Institute for Public Opinion Poughkeepsie, NY Phone Fax

2017 WESTERN STATES SURVEY Interview Schedule Colorado

Weighting: Results are weighted to be representative of 2012 election voters across the United States

Western New England University Polling Institute May 29-31, 2012

South Consulting - 7th Review Report - Annex 1: Progress to a New Constitution (Situation Analysis Survey)

Marquette Law School Poll Toplines- June 13-16, 2012 (Reported total sample size may differ from 707 due to rounding of weighted data.

Public Opinion Survey of Residents of Ukraine: Four Municipalities. March 15-April 15, 2018

Americans Say Tax Plan Helps Wealthy, Not Middle Class Republicans Expect Economic Boost, but not Personal Tax Cut December 3-5, 2017

What America Is Thinking On Energy Issues Ohio

Civitas Institute North Carolina Statewide Poll Results February 11 13, 2019

Results of SurveyUSA Election Poll # Page 1

PENINSULAR MALAYSIA VOTERS OPINION POLL QUARTER 4 / Nov 11 Dec 2010

How the Survey was Conducted Nature of the Sample: MSNBC/Telemundo/Marist Poll of 1,446 National Adults

EXCEPT WHERE NOTED, WHITES INCLUDE ONLY NON-HISPANIC WHITES, BLACKS INCLUDE ONLY NON-HISPANIC BLACKS, AND HISPANICS ARE OF ANY RACE.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS AFROBAROMETER ROUND 5 SURVEY IN MAURITIUS. StraConsult. Compiled by:

Interviews with 1,019 adult Americans, conducted by telephone by Opinion Research Corporation on March 12-15, The margin of sampling error for

MONEY IN POLITICS JANUARY 2016

Methodology. Results based on the full sample have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus three percentage points.

How the Survey was Conducted Nature of the Sample: McClatchy-Marist Poll of 1,249 National Adults

THE POLITICO-GW BATTLEGROUND POLL

AP-AOL MONEY & FINANCE POLL

National Tracking Poll # July 13-14, Crosstabulation Results

Tennessee 50+ Voters. January

Marist College Institute for Public Opinion Poughkeepsie, NY Phone Fax

CYBER SECURITY SURVEY Business Software Alliance JUNE 5-7, 2002

13 PEW RESEARCH CENTER. Topline Results. Pew Research Center Spring 2014 survey July 30, 2014 Release

HuffPost: Safe schools February 23-25, US Adults

THE MISSOURI FOUNDATION FOR HEALTH. Presentation of Findings from a Survey of 800 Likely Voters in Missouri May 10-14, 2007

COMMON CAUSE CAMPAIGN FINANCE SURVEY JANUARY 2014

THE AP-GfK POLL March, 2014

LT. GOVERNOR GOOD IDEA, BUT WHO S RUNNING?

2016 AARP Arizona Voter Retirement Security Survey Annotation

AMERICA AT HOME SURVEY American Attitudes on Homeownership, the Home-Buying Process, and the Impact of Student Loan Debt

The poll was conducted by Advantage, Inc. A random sample of likely voters who stated they had voted on November 4 was polled.

Virginia 50+ Voters. January

Reason-Rupe January 2015 National Poll Princeton Survey Research Associates International January 27, pm

Keystone XL Pipeline & Energy Infrastructure December Results are weighted to be representative of registered voters in the United States

100 Days of the Najib Administration

North Carolina Statewide Unaffiliated Survey 2016

Public Opinion Polling and Market Research

Public Issues Survey Wave 12

Marist College Institute for Public Opinion Poughkeepsie, NY Phone Fax

How the Survey was Conducted Nature of the Sample: NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll of 1,075 National Adults

Public Opinion Survey 2013 Peninsular Malaysia Voter Survey. 4th 12th December 2013

Opinion Poll. Small Businesses Support ACA Over Replacement Plan. March 23, 2017

The Arkansas Poll, 2015 Summary Report

Heartland Monitor Poll XXII

ASSOCIATED PRESS: TAXES STUDY CONDUCTED BY IPSOS PUBLIC AFFAIRS RELEASE DATE: APRIL 7, 2005 PROJECT # REGISTERED VOTERS/ PARTY AFFILIATION

09/03/2016 Communicating on Infrastructure Investments in Calgary

THE AP-GfK POLL. Conducted by GfK Roper Public Affairs & Media

Transcription:

Survey of Tunisian Public Opinion May 14-27, 2011 Williams and Associates Salem, Massachusetts www.williamspolls.com

Survey Specifications The International Republican Institute (IRI) conducted a national survey of adult Tunisians (18+ years) from May 14-27, 2011. Data was collected in the field by a Tunisian-owned and operated marketing research firm, ELKA Consulting, under the supervision of David Williams from Williams and Associates of Salem, Massachusetts. Interviewing was collected using the in-person, face-to-face methodology by trained professional interviewers using a multistage stratification proportionate to population sample distribution, with random selection of households and respondents using the Kish method. Stratification was based on three stages: a proportional division among Tunisia s 24 governorates, proportional division of urban and rural categories, and proportional division by gender and age group according to the most up-to-date data from Tunisia s National Statistics Institute collected in July 2009. A total of 1,281 interviews were completed yielding an overall margin of error of ± 2.78 percent at the midrange of the 95 percent confidence level. The male-to-female ratio of respondents was 51 percent male to 49 percent female. The urban-to-rural ratio of respondents was 60 percent urban to 40 percent rural. The geographic and demographic distributions conform to the most recent generally accepted official statistics available. The sample was post-weighted to make it proportional to national representation by province. The information in this report has been compiled in accordance with international standards for market and social research methodologies. Figures in charts and tables may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding. This poll was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Award No. DFDA00080035000. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 2

How would you say that things are going in Tunisia these days, are things going in the right direction or the wrong direction? 90% 80% 70% 79% Mar-11 May-11 60% 50% 46% 46% 40% 30% 20% 14% 10% 7% 8% 0% Right Direction Wrong Direction DK/REF 3

How would you describe the current economic situation in Tunisia? Very Good Somewhat Good Somewhat Bad Very Bad DK/REF May-11 3% 2 45% 28% 3% Mar-11 4% 25% 46% 20% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 4

Has your household s financial situation gotten better or worse over the last year? Much Better Somewhat Better Somewhat Worse Much Worse Same DK/REF May-11 9% 24% 15% 15% 37% Mar-11 8% 27% 18% 18% 3 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Thinking ahead to next year, do you expect your household s financial situation to be better or worse? Much Better Somewhat Better Somewhat Worse Much Worse Same DK/REF May-11 28% 43% 4% 3% 1 1 Mar-11 35% 49% 4% 6% 4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 5

Which answer best describes your current economic situation? 50% 45% 40% 43% 43% Mar-11 May-11 35% 30% 3 28% 25% 20% 15% 2 2 10% 5% 0% I have trouble feeding myself and my family and buying even the most essential things for survival. I have enough means for survival, but I do not have enough money for extra things. I am able to afford things like new clothes and eating at restaurants, but not very often. 3% 5% I am able to afford things like new clothes and eating out and also support other members of my family who cannot. 3% DK/REF 6

Thinking about the current government, which of the following should be a top priority? (spontaneous responses >) Issue First Mention Second Mention Third Mention Total Security 36% 2 14% 7 Employment 27% 25% 20% 7 Development and Reform of the Economy 9% 19% 13% 4 Organize Elections 7% 3% 6% 16% Living Standards 6% 8% 6% 20% Social Reforms 3% 4% 9% 16% Corruption 5% Transparent Government Communication 6% Inculcate Good Values in the Government 0% 0% Regional Development 3% 5% Achieve the Goals of the Revolution 0% 0% Other 3% 16% 25% 44% Don t Know/Refused 0% 0% 7

Have you heard of the three commissions created to address the issues of corruption, political reform and human rights violations during the uprisings? Mar-11 May-11 Yes No Yes No 2 18% 78% 8 8

If you have heard of the commissions, how confident are you that each will work for the benefit of Tunisia? (n=1,011) Political Reform Commission Very Confident Somewhat Confident Not Very Confident Not Confident at All DK/REF May-11 26% 29% 1 23% 1 Mar-11 27% 29% 10% 17% 17% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Human Rights Commission Very Confident Somewhat Confident Not Very Confident Not Confident at All DK/REF May-11 26% 26% 14% 26% 9% Mar-11 27% 25% 1 2 16% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Corruption Commission Very Confident Somewhat Confident Not Very Confident Not Confident at All DK/REF May-11 24% 24% 13% 3 8% Mar-11 2 23% 14% 29% 14% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 9

Now, I am going to read you a list of different types of individuals. Please tell me if that individual s opinion has a strong influence, some influence or has no influence on you and your opinion on current events and politics. Mar-2011 Strong Influence Some Influence No Influence DK/REF May-2011 Strong Influence Some Influence No Influence DK/REF 100% 90% 4% 6% 6% 6% 100% 90% 5% 7% 8% 6% 80% 26% 80% 70% 60% 50% 58% 58% 17% 70% 60% 6 66% 63% 50% 50% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2 24% Religious Leader 24% 2 13% 14% Union Leader Political Party Leader 5 Head of Household 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 17% 17% Religious Leader 17% 20% 9% 9% Union Leader Political Party Leader 1 34% Head of Household 10

What is the single biggest problem facing Tunisia as a whole? (spontaneous responses >) Issue First Mention Second Mention Third Mention Total Internal Security 28% 2 13% 63% Unemployment 16% 2 19% 56% Economic and Financial Crisis 14% 17% 1 4 Violence, Delinquency and Vandalism 7% 1 Strikes and Sit-ins 3% 3% 3% 9% Terrorism 3% 6% Corruption 4% 8% Big Number of Political Parties 6% Political Circumstances 3% 0% 5% Elections 5% Libya 3% 3% 8% Don t Know/Refused 3% 0% 0% 3% 11

How much do you trust each of the following to protect your neighborhood? Mar-2011 May-2011 100% 90% 80% 70% A Great Deal Fair Amount Only a Little Not at All DK/REF 5% 3% 1 8% 6% 14% 3 A Great Deal Fair Amount Only a Little Not at All DK/REF 100% 4% 90% 13% 1 18% 80% 8% 70% 9% 9% 60% 15% 60% 26% 50% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 80% 7 23% 30% 40% 30% 20% 10% 83% 69% 47% 0% National Army Citizen Security Groups National Police 0% National Army Citizen Security Groups National Police 12

Now I am going to read a list of issues and for each one please tell me whether you feel that the situation has gotten better, gotten worse or stayed the same over the last year. Much Better Somewhat Better Same Somewhat Worse Much Worse DK/REF Development of Independent Civil Society 25% 38% 19% 4% 1 Development of Independent Media 28% 48% 15% 4% 4% Living Standards 4% 15% 4 2 16% Health Care 1 27% 4 6% 7% 7% Constitutional Reform 8% 23% 36% 5% 26% Legal Reform 1 3 3 5% 3% 19% Direct Foreign Investment 5% 17% 14% 24% 27% 14% Government Corruption 13% 33% 26% 1 5% 1 Unemployment 17% 25% 2 33% Security 9% 38% 1 25% 15% Political Reform 1 4 27% 4% 4% 13% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 13

How likely is the current government to address these issues facing Tunisia? Very Likely Somewhat Likely Not Very Likely Not Likely at All DK/REF May-11 27% 3 20% 17% 3% Mar-11 43% 39% 1 5% 3% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 14

Beji Kaid Sebsi, Prime Minister Ahmed Nejib Chebbi, Chairman of Progressive Democratic Party Mohamed Jegham, Founder of al- Watan Party Abdessalem Jerad, Secretary General, Tunisian General Labor Union (UGTT) Iyadh Ben Achour, Head of Political Reform Commission Ahmed Ibrahim, Secretary of Mouvement Ettajdid Rachid Ghanouchi, Leader of Ennahdha Kamel Marjane, Director of L'Initiative Party Mustapha Ben Jaafar, Secretary General, Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberties (FDTL) Sihem Ben Sedrine, Editor of Kalima Hamma Hammami, Tunisia Workers' Communist Party Abdelfattah Mourou, Co-Founder of Ennahdha Farhat Rajhi, Former Interior Minister Rachid Ammar, Chief of Staff of Tunisian Armed Forces I would like to ask you about your impressions of the following groups or people. Do you approve, somewhat approve, somewhat disapprove or disapprove of the following? 80% Approve Disapprove Difference 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% 55% 74% 3 1-18% -20% 27% 14% 14% 36% -9% -10% -46% -24% -3 44% 25% 5% 7% -20% -37% 1-39% -27% 29% 15% 10% 4% -1-19% 2-13% -35% 28% 1-16% 46% 15% -3 6 7-1 -60% 15

Which of the following statements best describes the role that political parties play in Tunisia? 1 19% I think political parties represent people's interests and seek solutions to benefit the country. I think political parties can play a positive role in Tunisia, but they have not done so yet. 43% 27% I think political parties are only interested in power and political gain. DK/REF 16

How likely are you to vote in the upcoming elections scheduled for later in the year? 100% 90% 80% 89% 86% 70% 60% Mar-11 May-11 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 6% 6% 3% 4% 3% Very Likely Somewhat Likely Not Very Likely Not Likely at All DK/REF 17

If the elections for constituent assembly were held today, for whom would you vote? (spontaneous responses >) Abdelfattah Mourou Mustapha Ben Jaafar Rachid Ammar Moncef Marzouki Hamma Hammami Farhat Rajhi Beji Kaid Sebsi Rachid Ghannouchi Ahmed Nejib Chebbi Ennahdha REFUSED Other DO NOT KNOW 5% 7% 5% 7 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 18

International organizations play an increasingly important role in today s world. I am going to read you a list of some large international organizations and I would like you to tell me if you approve or disapprove of Tunisia supporting these organizations. Strongly Approve Approve Disapprove Strongly Disapprove DK/REF Union for the Mediterranean 43% 8% 14% 33% World Bank 59% 1 10% 18% Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 4 8% 4% 18% 29% African Union 39% 10% 3% 25% 23% NATO 27% 7% 4% 36% 26% European Union 58% 14% 3% 10% 15% United Nations 5 14% 4% 16% 14% Arab League 49% 1 4% 23% 14% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 19

Where are you most likely to get your local news and information? (first mention, spontaneous response) Source First Mention Tunisian Television 59% Radio 13% Internet 1 Newspapers 8% Rumors at Public Places 3% SMS Mosque 0% Other 3% Don t Know/Refused 20

Which national newspaper do you read to get your news? (spontaneous, multiple response, n=677) Chourouk 50% Al Hadath Sabah 13% 13% La Presse 8% Al Beyen Al Anouar Other 4% DK/REF 9% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 21

To which national radio station do you listen to get your news? (spontaneous multiple responses, n=1,043) Mosaique FM Radio Nationale Jawhara FM Radio Jeunes Shems FM Radio Monastir Radio Sfax Radio Tatouine Radio Gasfa Radio Kef Zitouna FM Express FM RTCI Other DK/REF 6% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 5% 5% 1 26% 28% 0% 10% 20% 30% 22

Which national television station do you watch to to get your news? (spontaneous, multiple response n=1,206) Chaine Nationale 1 64% Hannibal TV 29% Nesma TV 6% DK/REF 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 23

What languages can you read? Other 9% 1 May-11 Mar-11 French 74% 73% English 35% 37% Arabic 9 96% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 24

Do you know what the difference is between a secular and a non-secular government? 23% Yes No 77% 25

What is the difference between a secular and non-secular government? (n=298) Other Secular Government is Based on Laws and Constitution Religious Government Applies Religion Secular Government is Non-Islamic Secular Government is Freedom of Opinion Secular Government Allows Multiple Religions 4% 3% Separation Between Government and Religion 87% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 26

As you may already know, in a secular government, the government s decisions on public policy and laws are made without any consideration to religion, some people refer to this as the separation of religion and state, it does not mean that the government is atheist just that no specific religious idea is promoted when making laws. Considering this definition of secularism, in general would you approve or disapprove of the government of Tunisia being secular? 6% Approve Secular Government 40% 54% Disapprove Secular Government DK/REF 27

Why do you approve of a secular government? (spontaneous response n=698) DK/REF 10% Other To Guarantee the Right of the Other Religions Secularism Complies with Tunisian Society For the Freedom of Social Society To Guarantee Economic Development, Mainly Tourism Religion is a Personal Choice Fear of Extremism 3% 3% 5% Islam is Our Religion and Not Our Politics To Guarantee Freedom, Democracy and Equality 27% 47% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 28

Why do you disapprove of a secular government? (spontaneous response n=496) DK/REF Other To Guarantee Equality Islam Guarantees Democracy Secularism Comes from the West Secular Governments Lack Discipline Islam Decreases Corruption To Guarantee Security and Stability To Protect Islam Most Tunisians are Muslims To Practice Islam Well I Prefer Laws Based on Islam Islam is Our Religion I like a Government Based on Religion Islam has Solutions for Every Sector 4% 6% 7% 7% 1 14% 16% 26% 0% 10% 20% 30% 29

How important is it to you personally that Tunisia have a government that is secular or not secular? Very Important Important Not Very Important Not Important at All DK/REF 54% 2 5% 13% 6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 30

How important is it to you personally that Tunisia have a government that is secular or not secular? Approve Secular Government (n=691) Very Important Important Not Very Important Not Important at All DK/REF 59% 2 4% 13% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Disapprove Secular Government (n=511) Very Important Important Not Very Important Not Important at All DK/REF 53% 24% 6% 1 4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 31

Would you prefer to see more political parties or entities that are Islamist or secular in the constituent assembly? 3% 6% 8% Strongly Islamist Moderately Islamist 33% Moderately Secular 5 Strongly Secular DK/REF 32

Would you prefer to see more political parties or entities that are Islamist or secular in the constituent assembly? Approve Secular Government (n=691) Disapprove Secular Government (n=511) 5% 4% 3% 3% 3% Strongly Islamist 14% Strongly Islamist 3 Moderately Islamist Moderately Secular Strongly Secular Moderately Islamist Moderately Secular Strongly Secular 57% DK/REF 80% DK/REF 33

One of the proposed systems for the July 24* constituent assembly elections is a proportional, closed list. Are you familiar with this system? 19% Familiar 26% Somewhat Familiar Not Familiar 46% 9% DK/REF *At the time this question was asked the official election date was still July 24, 2011. Although the elections have since been postponed until October 23, 2011, the question is about the proportional closed list system. Because the question pertains to process and not the election date, the response is still valid for the October 23 elections. 34

A proportional, closed list system requires political parties to make lists of candidates to be elected, and seats get allocated to each party in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. The list of candidates is not seen by the voter. In essence, you vote for the party, not a candidate. In your opinion, do you support this system? Strongly Support Support Oppose Strongly Oppose DK/REF 35% 18% 5% 24% 18% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 35

Why do you oppose a proportional closed list system? (spontaneous response n=452) DK/REF 30% Other It's a New System and Strange for Us It Will Create Disorder The List will be Varied and May Contain some RCD Members Inequality Between Parties 3% I Don't Trust Lists 6% I Want to Vote for a Person I Trust 57% 0% 20% 40% 60% 36

A women s quota of 50 percent is being proposed for the July 24* constituent assembly elections, every other name on the candidate list will be a woman. In your opinion, is this number: 3% 3% Too High The Right Amount Too Low DK/REF 4 53% In your opinion, what would be a more appropriate percentage of women to serve on the Constituent Assembly? (n=675) The average response (Mean) was for a 24% quota. *At the time this question was asked the official election date was still July 24, 2011. Although the elections have since been postponed until October 23, 2011, the question is about the women s quota in the constituent assembly. Because the question s meaning does not depend upon the election date, the response is still valid for the October 23 elections. Williams and Associates Salem, Massachusetts www.williamspolls.com 37