Cuban Public Opinion Survey June 30 July 13, 2011
Survey Methodology Dates of Interviewing: The fieldwork was conducted June 30 July 13, 2011. Data Collection Method: Stratified-intercept methodology based on personal, face-to-face interviews in Cuba. Sample Size: 572 Cuban adults (age 18 and older). Sample: Interviews were conducted in fourteen (14) Cuban provinces: Ciudad de La Habana, Provincia de La Habana, Pinar del Río, Matanzas, Sancti Spiritus, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Ciego de Ávila, Camaguey, Holguín, Guantánamo, Las Tunas, Granma and Santiago de Cuba. The sample was stratified by province, then by sub-units within each province. Interviewees were allocated by gender and age quotas. The final selection of each interviewee was random. Respondents: The sample selection for province, gender and age are based on the last available Cuban census data, released in 2002. Maximum Sample Margin of Error: Margin of error of ± four percent for a 95 percent level of confidence.
Demographics
Demographics: Gender and Age Age 30 to 39 24.0% 40 to 49 21.7% 50 to 59 16.1% 18 to 29 20.8% 60 or Older 17.5% 4
Demographics: Province 5
Demographics: Education and Race Education Race No Answer 0.3% Do Not Know 3.8% None 1.2% Primary 5.6% White 49.6% University or Higher 25.7% Secondary 39.9% Intermediary 23.4% Afro- Cuban 50.4% 6
Demographics: Profession or Job Full Sample 4.2% 9.4% Those Not Working (N = 135) 1.7% 14.7% 23.6% 47.4% 31.9% 44.4% 1.0% 20.7% Works for the Cuban Government in a Leading Position Works for the Cuban Government as an Employee Works for a Mixed or Foreign Company Works as Autonomous, Farmer or Private Business Owner Works Full-Time in the House Works in the Informal Economy as Main Source of Income Not Working working No answer Answer Not Working Student Retired / Pensioner 7
Demographics: Receiving Remittances from Family Members or Friends Abroad Full Sample Those Receiving Remittances (N = 132) No Answer 3.8% Yes 23.1% At Least Every Year 32.6% At Least Every Six Months 35.6% No 73.1% Once A Month 31.8% 8
Perspectives on Cuba
What do you think is the biggest problem in Cuba? Low Salaries / High Cost of Living Double Currency Standard Food Scarcity Lack of Housing / Dilapidated Housing Lack of Freedoms / Political System Embargo / Isolation Health / Lack of Medicines Poor Transportation Infrastructure Other (Drugs / Crime / Corruption) There are no problems Hurricanes 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 40.0% 42.6% 43.1% 42.5% 18.2% 11.2% 12.0% 7.6% 13.8% 2.2% 3.8% 12.7% 19.7% 12.8% 6.8% 11.6% 0.5% 5.0% 1.4% 7.9% 2.4% 3.8% 1.4% 1.3% 9.5% 6.9% 8.9% 18.2% 3.0% 3.5% 8.8% 6.4% 8.5% 4.8% 1.0% 1.1% 1.6% 2.5% 4.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 2.3% 4.7% 4.1% 3.6% 1.9% 0.4% 0.2% 1.7% 2.5% 1.2% 3.5% 2.4% 2.8% 1.5% 3.5% 6.3% 1.4% 60.7% 60.7% July 2011 February 2011 August 2009 November 2008 April 2008 October 2007 10
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% What do you think is the biggest problem in Cuba? (by gender) 1.7% 1.1% 2.7% 3.2% 20.2% (N = 539) 16.1% 40% 30% 60.3% 61.1% 20% 10% 0% 3.1% 4.6% 0.7% Male Female 1.4% Medicines Food Salaries Double Currency Embargo Lack of Freedoms 11
100% 90% 80% What do you think is the biggest problem in Cuba? (by age) 1.7% 1.7% 0.7% (N = 539) 2.9% 0.8% 1.6% 2.9% 2.4% 18.5% 16.1% 18.5% 8.7% 3.3% 17.4% 7.0% 3.0% 5.0% 70% 21.0% 60% 50% 40% 30% 63.9% 67.2% 69.4% 58.7% 39.0% 20% 10% 0% 8.0% 4.2% 2.2% 5.4% 0.8% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Food Salaries Double Currency Embargo Lack of Freedoms No Problem 12
What do you think is the biggest problem in Cuba? (by remittances) 100% 90% 80% 12.7% (N = 539) 1.1% 2.4% 0.7% 2.6% 0.7% 4.1% 20.8% 70% 60% 50% 40% 63.1% 60.8% 30% 20% 10% 0% 5.7% They Receive Remittances 2.6% Do Not Receive Remittances Food Salaries Double Currency Embargo Crime Lack of Freedoms 13
Do you believe the current government will succeed in solving Cuba s biggest problem in the next few years? July 2011 20.6% 70.1% 5.6% 3.7% February 2011 13.7% 77.0% 7.5% 1.8% August 2009 15.0% 66.0% 19.0% November 2008 29.4% 68.8% 1.8% April 2008 26.9% 70.5% 2.6% October 2007 18.5% 71.2% 10.3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 14
Do you believe the current government will succeed in solving Cuba s biggest problem in the next few years? (by gender) (N = 519) 100% 90% 80% 70% 3.0% 5.3% 4.4% 5.9% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 68.8% 71.5% 10% 22.9% 18.2% 0% Male Female Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 15
Do you believe the current government will succeed in solving Cuba s biggest problem in the next few years? (by age) (N = 519) 100% 90% 6.3% 1.8% 4.0% 5.1% 1.3% 5.9% 2.4% 5.9% 10.0% 4.7% 80% 70% 60% 50% 78.4% 72.0% 68.6% 68.8% 60.0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 29.4% 21.6% 20.3% 20.0% 13.5% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 16
Generally speaking, would you say things in Cuba are going very well, well, so-so, badly or very badly? 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 9.8% 2.4% 5.2% 4.2% 1.6% 2.2% 35.0% 35.3% 31.4% 33.3% 33.7% 32.9% 31.3% 28.9% 29.9% 26.7% 26.7% 24.1% 22.2% 20.8% % 15.5% 19.9% 16.2% 18.2% 19.9% 15.4% 15.3% 13.8% 12.1% 9.4% July 2011 February 2011 August 2009 November 2008 April 2008 October 2007 1.0% 1.7% 0.7% 1.4% 1.3% 0.5% Very Well Well So-So So-so Badly Very Badly No Answer 17
Generally speaking, would you say things in Cuba are going very well, well, so-so, badly or very badly? (by gender) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0.3% 10.6% 31.2% 22.6% 29.1% 1.8% 1.1% 8.2% 34.6% 25.7% 24.3% 0% 6.2% 4.3% Male Female Very Well Well So-So Badly Very Badly Do Not Know No Answer 18
Generally speaking, would you say things in Cuba are going very well, well, so-so, badly or very badly? (by age) 100% 90% 0.9% 0.8% 12.6% 10.9% 7.3% 10.9% 5.0% 80% 70% 60% 37.8% 34.3% 37.1% 29.3% 23.0% 23.0% 50% 40% 21.0% 25.5% 26.6% 23.9% 30% 20% 10% 0% 43.0% 28.3% 21.8% 24.1% 20.2% 5.9% 4.4% 4.8% 6.5% 5.0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Very Well Well So-So Badly Very Badly Do Not Know No Answer 19
Overall, would you say your family s economic situation has gotten worse, improved or stayed the same from one year ago? 18.0% 1.2% 0.9% 18.2% 61.7% Has Improved The Same Is Worse Do Not Know No Answer 20
100% Overall, would you say your family s economic situation has gotten worse, improved or stayed the same from one year ago? (by gender) 90% 18.8% 17.1% 80% 70% 60% 50% 60.6% 62.9% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 19.5% Male 16.8% Female Has Improved The Same Is Worse 21
Overall, would you say your family s economic situation has gotten worse, improved or stayed the same from one year ago? (by age) 100% 90% 20.2% 15.3% 18.5% 23.9% 13.0% 80% 70% 60% 55.0% 50% 40% 62.2% 65.7% 64.5% 58.7% 30% 20% 10% 0% 17.5% 13.4% 16.9% 16.3% 28.0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Has Improved The Same Is Worse 22
Do you think the economic situation of your family, during the next 12 months...? 10.3% 2.8% 3.0% 22.9% 61.0% Will Improve Will Stay The Same Will Get Worse Do Not Know No Answer 23
Do you think the economic situation of your family, during the next 12 months...? (by age) 100% 90% 12.6% 8.0% 8.9% 16.3% 7.0% 80% 70% 60% 50% 63.9% 60.6% 66.1% 53.3% 59.0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 21.0% 27.0% 19.4% 20.7% 26.0% 0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Will Improve Will Stay The Same Will Get Worse 24
Attitudes Toward Political and Economic Change
If you were given the opportunity to vote to change from the current political system to a democratic system with multiparty elections, freedom of speech and freedom of expression would you vote in favor of, or against, that change? July 2011 75.5% 10.5% 3.5% 10.5% February 2011 78.2% 9.3% 8.0% 4.5% August 2009 75.2% 5.8% 19.0% November 2008 63.0% 32.4% 4.6% April 2008 61.5% 24.9% 13.6% October 2007 75.6% 14.2% 10.2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Favor Against Do Not Know No Answer 26
If you were given the opportunity to vote to change from the current political system to a democratic system with multiparty elections, freedom of speech and freedom of expression would you vote in favor of, or against, that change? (by age) 100% 90% 80% 70% 9.2% 1.7% 5.9% 10.2% 3.6% 3.6% 12.1% 1.6% 7.3% 8.7% 5.4% 19.6% 12.0% 6.0% 21.0% 60% 50% 40% 30% 83.2% 82.5% 79.0% 66.3% 61.0% 20% 10% 0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older In Favor Against Do Not Know No Answer 27
If you were given the opportunity to vote to change from the current system to a market economy with economic freedoms, private property, the possibility for Cubans to own their own businesses would you vote in favor of, or against, that change? July 2011 February 2011 88.5% 90.7% 1.6% 2.4% 7.5% 2.8% 4.1% 2.4% August 2009 85.6% 3.0% 11.4% November 2008 86.3% 12.5% 1.2% April 2008 81.8% 11.0% 7.2% October 2007 83,0% 9.6% 7.4% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Favor Against Do Not Know No Answer 28
If you were given the opportunity to vote to change from the current system to a market economy with economic freedoms, private property, the possibility for Cubans to own their own businesses would you vote in favor of, or against, that change? (by age) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 4.2% 0.8% 2.2% 2.9% 2.2% 9.7% 0.8% 1.6% 9.8% 5.4% 14.0% 4.0% 3.0% 50% 40% 95.0% 92.7% 87.9% 84.8% 79.0% 30% 20% 10% 0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older In Favor Against Do Not Know No Answer 29
Access to Information Technology
Do you have access to the Internet or e-mail? 90% 80% 70% 60% 83.4% 79.7% 72.6% 64.9% 63.2% 56.7% 50% 40% 34.7% 30% 22.5% 25.7% 27.4% 20% 10% 6.6% 5.0% 8.6% 4.6% 9.4% 9.4% 10.0% 15.7% 0% Access to Internet Access to E-mail None July 2011 February 2011 August 2009 November 2008 April 2008 October 2007 31
How often do you have access to your e-mail or the Internet? 3.7% 5.1% 7.8% 83.4% Daily Weekly Monthly or Less No Access 32
Do you regularly use a cellular phone? 100% 90% 80% 77.8% 74.7% 92.1% 82.6% 92.7% 90.1% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 22.2% 25.3% 17.4% 7.9% 7.3% 9.9% 0% Uses Cellular Phone Does Not Use Cellular Phone July 2011 February 2011 August 2009 November 2008 April 2008 October 2007 33
Do you regularly use a cellular phone? (by age) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 70.6% 69.3% 78.2% 84.8% 91.0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 29.4% 30.7% 21.8% 15.2% 9.0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Yes No 34
Do you regularly use a cellular phone? (by Internet access) 100% 90% 80% 70% 61.4% 60% 50% 89.7% 40% 30% 22.0% 20% 10% 0% 16.5% Yes 6.5% 3.8% No E-mail and Internet Only E-mail No Access 35
Perspectives of Discussed Reforms
There has been discussion on the part of Cuba's leaders for reforms to the Cuban system, are actual reforms taking shape? 9.1% 26.9% 11.4% 52.6% Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 37
There has been discussion on the part of Cuba's leaders for reforms to the Cuban system, are actual reforms taking shape? (by age) 100% 90% 80% 7.6% 17.6% 10.9% 9.7% 10.9% 11.7% 5.6% 9.8% 6.0% 12.0% 70% 60% 50% 51.3% 51.8% 55.6% 55.2% 52.0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 23.5% 25.5% 29.0% 30.0% 27.2% 0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 38
Of the reforms taking place, which is the most beneficial to you? (N = 154) 14.9% 9.7% 3.9% 28.6% 11.6% 31.2% Economic Opening Other Do Not Know Licenses for Business None No Answer 39
Of the reforms taking place, which is the most beneficial to you? (by age) (N = 154) 100% 90% 80% 14.3% 2.9% 2.8% 8.6% 13.9% 10.7% 5.6% 20.0% 4.0% 20.0% 10.0% 10.0% 70% 10.7% 11.1% 12.0% 20.0% 60% 11.5% 50% 28.6% 33.3% 13.3% 40% 30% 28.6% 44.0% 23.3% 20% 10% 35.7% 28.6% 33.3% 20.0% 23.3% 0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Economic Opening Licenses For Business Other None Do Not Know No Answer 40
Beyond what has been discussed, what reform would be most beneficial to you? 9.4% 7.2% 2.8% 17.0% 1.4% 12.4% 19.1% 30.8% Political Reform Economic Opening Better Salaries One Currency Travel Abroad Other Do Not Know No Answer 41
Beyond what has been discussed, what reform would be most beneficial to you? (by age) 100% 90% 80% 4.0% 9.2% 7.3% 5.4% 9.7% 4.3% 9.5% 11.8% 3.2% 12.0% 1.7% 6.5% 12.4% 1.1% 10.0% 13.0% 1.1% 1.0% 70% 60% 50% 18.5% 14.3% 14.6% 18.5% 19.6% 31.0% 40% 30% 24.4% 39.4% 35.5% 37.0% 15.0% 20% 10% 0% 14.3% 20.2% 14.6% 18.5% 18.0% 5.9% 2.2% 2.4% 2.2% 1.0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Political Reform Economic Opening Better Salaries One Currency Travel Abroad Other Do Not Know No Answer 42
Do you believe that substantial economic progress in Cuba is possible without changes to the political system? 3.8% 5.9% 31.1% 59.2% Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 43
Do you believe that substantial economic progress in Cuba is possible without changes to the political system? (by age) 100% 90% 4.2% 6.7% 5.8% 3.6% 8.1% 1.6% 4.3% 5.4% 7.0% 2.0% 80% 70% 60% 50% 66.4% 60.6% 61.3% 54.3% 50.0% 40% 30% 20% 10% 22.7% 29.9% 29.0% 35.9% 41.0% 0% 18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 or Older Yes No Do Not Know No Answer 44