CONSTITUENCY PROFILE: DÚN LAOGHAIRE CONTENTS Introduction 2 Glossary 3 Demographics 4 Families 8 Education 10 Employment 12 Households and housing 16 Voting and turnout 20 This profile is based on the Census of Population 2006 which took place in the Republic of Ireland on 26th April 2006. Key Highlights The profile reveals that has a number of notable differences when compared to the as a whole. These include: was one of three constituencies where the population growth fell between 2002 and 2006 (see Table 1). In, the proportion of females in the population is the highest of any constituency (see Table 1). People in are much more likely to leave education later and with higher qualifications than people nationally (see Figure 8 and Table 3). The share of the workforce in professional occupations is significantly above the national average (see Figure 10 and Table 4). people have a much longer commute to work or school than the national average. They are also more likely to commute by rail (see Figures 11 and 12). Households in are more likely to have access to a computer or the Internet than households nationally. Their Internet access is also more likely to be via broadband (see Figure 19). No liability is accepted to any person arising out of any reliance on the contents of this paper. Nothing herein constitutes professional advice of any kind. This document contains a general summary of developments and is not complete or definitive. It has been prepared for distribution to Members to aid them in their Parliamentary duties. Authors are available to discuss the contents of these papers with Members and their staff.
Introduction This profile is based on Census 2006 Small Area Statistics data published online at www.cso.ie/census/saps.htm. The census took place in the Republic of Ireland on 26th April 2006. The Oireachtas Library & Research Service (L&RS) used this publicly available information to create profiles for the 43 constituencies used in the 2007 General Election. The profiles cover: demographic characteristics; the make-up of households and families; ethnic diversity; nationality and religion; education and employment profiles; and the state of the constituency s housing stock. The L&RS has also added some electoral information for each constituency. The variables used were selected from those available from the Central Statistics Office (CSO) in order to provide a reasonably detailed overview of the constituency. In calculating percentages, constituents who did not provide a response were excluded (unless otherwise indicated). A copy of the census questionnaire is available on the CSO website. The terminology used throughout this profile is, in general, the same as that used by the CSO. The census data does not identify individual people; if certain variables could be used to identify people at the constituency level, this data is combined into larger groups by the CSO to prevent such identification. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. A glossary of terms used by the CSO is provided at the beginning of the profile to give further information on selected variables. This profile and profiles for the other 42 Dáil constituencies may be downloaded from the Oireachtas website (www.oireachtas.ie) they are accessible from the Dáil Éireann navigation menu. Oireachtas Library & Research Service 2008 2
Glossary VARIABLE DEFINITION Private household A private household comprises either one person living alone or a group of people (not necessarily related) living at the same address with common housekeeping arrangements - that is, sharing at least one meal a day or sharing a living room or sitting room. Permanent private household This is a private household occupying a permanent dwelling such as a house, flat, apartment or bedsitter. Usually resident This includes people enumerated (counted) in the area of their usual residence, together with other people usually resident in that area who were enumerated elsewhere in the. Usual residents of an area who were not in the on census night are not included in the figures. Housing unit A housing unit is a conventional house, a structurally separate flat or apartment, or a mobile or temporary dwelling, regardless of the number of private households it contains. Family unit A family unit is defined as: (1) a husband and wife or a cohabiting couple; or (2) a husband and wife or a cohabiting couple together with one or more usually resident never-married children (of any age); or (3) one parent together with one or more usually resident never-married children (of any age). Family members have to be usual residents of the relevant household. Industry The 2006 Census uses the General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the European Communities (NACE) to code industries. Whatever their occupation, the industry in which a person is engaged is determined by the main economic activity carried out in the local unit in which he or she works. The term industry used for Census of Population purposes is not confined to manufacturing industry. Instead, it refers to the sector of economic activity. In the case of employees, industrial classification is based on the business or profession of their employer and in the case of self-employed people, on the nature of their own business or profession. Occupation The occupation classification used in the census is based on the UK Standard Occupational Classification, with modifications to reflect Irish labour market conditions. The code to which a person s occupation is classified is determined by the kind of work he or she performs in earning a living, irrespective of where or why it is performed. The nature of the industry, business or service in which the person is working has no bearing upon the classification of the occupation. For example, the occupation clerk covers clerks employed in manufacturing industries, commerce, banking, insurance, public administration, professions and other services, etc. Source: Appendices of various Census 2006 publications The data on industries and occupations is aggregated into a small number of broad level groups. Detailed lists of the industries and occupations that make up these groups are on the Constituency Profiles page of the Oireachtas website. 3
Demographics This section covers: Demographic breakdown (Table 1) Marital status (Figure 1) Age profile (Figure 2) Disability (Figure 3) Nationality (Table 2) Ethnicity (Table 2) Religion (Figure 4) Demographic breakdown Significantly lower population growth than the national average Lower proportion of males than the national average Proportion of Irish speakers close to the national average In 2006, 2.7% of the Irish population lived in. The constituency had a population decrease of 1.8% between 2002 and 2006 (see Table 1). It was one of only three constituencies that experienced a decline of population. There are significantly fewer males than females in with 90.7 males for every 100 females this compares to an almost-equal distribution nationally. The proportion in of Irish speakers is close to the national average. Table 1: Demographic breakdown Population 2006 Population 2002 Share of total population Population growth 2002-2006 Ratio of males to 100 females Share with Irish language (Population aged 3 or above) 4,239,848 3,917,203 10 8.2% 100.1 40.8% 114,166 116,286 2.7% -1.8% 90.7 40. Marital Status Above average marriage rate People in are more likely to be married than the national population (49.7% vs. 48.8%) and are also more likely to be widowed (see Figure 1). 4
Figure 1: Marital status of those aged 18 and over 5.2% 5.9% 5.3% 6.4% 48.8% 40. 49.7% 38.6% Single Married Separated/Divorced Widowed Age Profile Fewer children under the age of 10 than the national average Fewer people in the 30 to 39 age range than the national average The average age of the population is 38.1 years. This is above the national average of 35.6 years. Compared to the national figures there are fewer children in aged 9 years or under (11.7% vs. 13.9%) and more people in the groups above the age of 39 (45.9% vs. 40.1%). All age groups above the age of 39 in have a higher share of the population than the national average. Conversely, all the age groups under the age 40 have a lower share of the population than the national average. The share of the population aged between 30 and 39 years is lower in Dún Laoghaire than the national average (13. vs. 15.8%) and is the joint lowest of any constituency (see Figure 2). Figure 2: Age profile of population Age 1.1% 1. 85+ 1. 1.8% 80-84 2.2% 2.9% 75-79 2.8% 3.7% 70-74 3.4% 4.3% 65-69 4.3% 4.9% 60-64 5.3% 5.7% 55-59 5.8% 6.4% 50-54 6. 7.2% 45-49 7.1% 7. 40-44 7.6% 6.9% 35-39 8.2% 6.6% 30-34 8.8% 7. 25-29 8.1% 7.9% 20-24 6.8% 6. 7.1% 6. 15-19 10-14 6.8% 6.1% 05-09 7.1% 5.6% 0-04 1 8% 6% 4% 2% 2% 4% 6% 8% 1 5
Disability Overall disability rate above the national average In the 2006 Census 11,155 people in indicated that they had a disability or 9.8% of the population (see Figure 3). This is slightly above the national average of 9.3%. Approximately 27.4% of those aged 65 years and older in Dún Laoghaire have a disability, while 10.9% of 45 to 64 year-olds in have a disability. While these figures are below the national average for these age groups, the age distribution of the constituency means that the overall disability rate is higher than average. Figure 3: Share of people with a disability by age group 3 3 29. 27.4% 2 2 1 1 3.8% 4.1% 4.6% 5.2% 5.8% 6. 12.4% 10.9% 9.3% 9.8% 0-14 yrs 15-24 yrs 25-44 yrs 45-64 yrs 65 yrs & over All ages Nationality and ethnicity More Irish nationals than the national average Level of ethnic diversity close to the national average There are 112,145 people who are usually resident in with 89.4% identifying their nationality as Irish slightly above the national average. Residents of are slightly more likely than average to hold non-eu citizenship (see Table 2). There are proportionally fewer Polish and Lithuanian nationals in than in the as a whole. Compared to the national average, is about as racially and ethnically homogenous with 87.7% of individuals identifying themselves as White Irish compared to 87.4% nationally. There are proportionally more Asian or Asian Irish in than nationally (2. vs. 1.3%). Table 2: Usually resident population by nationality and ethnicity Nationality Dún Laoghaire Ethnicity Dún Laoghaire Irish 88.8% 89.4% White Irish 87.4% 87.7% United Kingdom 2.7% 2. White Irish Traveller 0. 0.2% Polish 1. 1. Other White 6.9% 7. Lithuanian 0.6% 0.2% Black or Black Irish 1.1% 0.4% Other EU 1.8% 2.2% Asian or Asian Irish 1.3% 2. Non-EU / Not stated 4. 4.7% Other / Not stated 2.8% 2.6% 6
Religion Fewer Catholics than the national average More people who have another stated or no religion than the national average A smaller proportion of people classify themselves as Catholics than in the as a whole and people from are more likely to define themselves as having another stated religion 1 or as having no religion (see Figure 4). Figure 4: Usually resident population by religion 1.7% 7.1% 4.4% 7.6% 1.3% 10.9% 86.8% 80.2% Catholic Other stated religion No religion Religion not stated 1 While the census overall gives a more detailed breakdown of different religions, the CSO does not publish a more detailed breakdown at constituency level - as this may identify certain individuals or families. 7
Families This section covers: Family cycle (Figure 5) Family size (Figure 6) Family type (Figure 7) Family cycle More families with adult children than the national average Fewer families with pre-school age children than the national average There are 19,849 family units with children in. Figure 5 shows the proportion of these families by family cycle based on the age of the youngest child. In 12. of families have children at pre-school level well below the national average. The proportion of families with adult children is much higher in than the overall (41.7% vs. 36.4%). On the other hand, there are proportionally fewer families with early school age children in Dún Laoghaire than in the overall. Figure 5: Proportion of families by family cycle 4 41.7% 4 36.4% 3 3 2 2 1 15.9% 15.6% 14.7% 12. 12.7% 14.9% 17. 18.1% 1 Pre-school Early school Pre-adolescent Adolescent Adult Family size Fewer households with younger children than the national average In there are 11,094 families with at least one child under 15 years of age 2 This means that 27. of households have families with children under 15 years compared to 31.4% of households nationally. In 26.6% of these families have one child well below the national average of 29.9% for such families (see Figure 6). Approximately 36.7% of these families in have three or more children compared to 34.2% of such families nationally. 2 We present data (Figure 6) on families with younger children (i.e. those under 15 years old).the census also includes data on families with children aged 15 years and older but these figures include adult children. 8
Figure 6: Proportion of families with at least one child under 15 years, by number of children 5 or more children 4 children 3.4% 2. 8.6% 9. 3 children 22.2% 25.2% 2 children 1 child 26.6% 29.9% 36. 36.9% 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 Family type Slightly fewer single mother families than the national average Figure 7 shows that in there are slightly fewer families with at least one child under 15 years old headed by a single mother; 18.1% compared to 19.7% nationally. Approximately the same percentage of families are headed by single fathers in as in the as a whole (1.4% vs. 1.6%). Figure 7: Single parent families and other families with at least one child under 15 years old 1.6% 19.7% 1.4% 18.1% 78.7% 80.6% Single father with children Single mother with children Couples with children 9
Education This section covers: Education by age ceased (Figure 8) Education qualifications (Table 3) Education by age ceased People are much more likely to have finished education after the age of 20 than the national average Men in are more likely to have finished their education at a later age than men in the rest of the country. Approximately 3 of men completed their education at age 17 or below compared to 5 of men in the as a whole. Nationally 23% of men finished their education aged 21 years or above compared to 4 of men. women are less likely to have finished their education aged 15 years or under (12% vs. 19%) than women in the rest of the. In addition, they are more likely to have continued their education past the age of 20, with 38% of women completing education aged 21 years or above in compared to the national average of 24% (see Figure 8). Figure 8: Males and females aged 15 and over by age education ceased Male Female 10 10 23% 24% 7 4 7 7% 38% 5 17% 12% 4% 16% 5 19% 13% 6% 6% 18% 2 1 9% 9% 9% 2 13% 7% 11% 9% 14% 7% 12% 7% Under 15yrs 15yrs 16yrs 17yrs 18yrs 19yrs 20yrs 21yrs & over 10
Qualifications achieved Proportionally fewer males left education at lower secondary level or below than the national average Proportionally more females with third level qualifications than the national average Men in are much less likely (by 19 percentage points) than men nationally to report that they have left education at lower secondary level or below (see Table 3). They are much more likely to report that they have a primary or post-graduate degree. On average, the education level of Irish females is above that of Irish males. In this does not hold, the share of females with some form of third level education is 4, compared to 51% of males. However, women in are much more likely to have third level qualifications the women nationally (4 vs. 31%). Women in are less likely to have left education at lower secondary level or below than women nationally. Table 3: Highest education achieved by those aged 15 or over who have completed education MALE FEMALE Primary or lower 19% 1 17% 1 Lower secondary education 21% 11% 19% 13% Upper secondary and/or technical 29% 24% 28% 26% Non-degree third level 9% 1 12% 13% Primary degree or equivalent 11% 26% 12% 19% Post-graduate or PhD 6% 1 7% 13% Not stated 4% 4% 10 10 10 10 Overall, has one of best education profiles in terms of time in education and qualifications achieved in the country. 11
Employment This section covers: Economic status (Figure 9) Sector employed (Table 4) Occupation (Figure 10) Journey time to work/school (Figure 11) Method of transport to work/school (Figure 12) Volunteering (Figure 13) Economic status Proportionally fewer women at work than the national average Proportionally more students and retired people than the national average Figure 9 shows that women are less likely to be at work (by 1.9 percentage points). Men in are also less likely to be at work. The proportions of the population that are retired or studying are higher in than nationally. The unemployment level is lower than average for both sexes. Figure 9: Principal economic status of those aged 15 or over Male Female 10 1. 4.2% 0.6% 2. 10 12.7% 15.8% 21.8% 21.7% 7 9.8% 6.4% 13.7% 4.2% 7 4. 10. 2.9% 13.4% 5 5 10.9% 4.3% 12.8% 2.6% 66. 63.1% 2 2 48. 46.6% At Work Unemployed Student Retired/Other Unable to work due to permanent sickness or disability Looking after home/family 12
Sector employed Proportionally fewer employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing, construction and manufacturing than the national average Proportionally more employed in commerce and trade and health and education than the national average The total number of people at work in at the time of the census was 50,713. Females made up 45.7% of the workforce above the national average of 42.6%. In 2006, 17. of workers in were self employed; one percentage point higher than the national average. The largest sector in terms of employment, with 21,047 people employed, was the commerce and trade sector (see Table 4). This sector includes shops and wholesalers, financial institutions, real estate firms and other business activities. Workers in are far more likely (by 14.4 percentage points) to be employed in the commerce and trade sector than workers nationally. In addition, the proportion employed in the health and education sector is above average. People in are proportionally less likely to work in the agriculture, forestry and fishing, construction and manufacturing sectors than is the case nationally. Table 4: Sector of employment of those at work DÚN LAOGHAIRE STATE Total Employed Sector Share % Sector Share % Agriculture, forestry and fishing 258 0. 4.6% Building and construction 2,553 5. 11.1% Manufacturing industries 3,914 7.7% 13.6% Commerce and trade 21,047 41. 27.1% Transport and communications 2,486 4.9% 5. Public administration 2,358 4.6% 5.2% Health and education 9,813 19.4% 16. Other 8,284 16.3% 16.3% Overall 50,713 100. 100. Occupation Proportionally fewer agricultural workers than the national average Proportionally fewer construction and manufacturing workers than the national average Proportionally more professional, sales, clerical, and managerial and government workers than the national average As expected with an urban constituency, has a lower than average share of its workers in agricultural occupations (0.2% vs. 4.). It also has a lower than average shares of workers in construction and manufacturing occupations, by 4.3 and 7.3 percentage points respectively (see Figure 10). Its shares of professional, sales, clerical and managerial and government workers are well above the national average. See Figure 10 overleaf 13
Figure 10: Occupations of those at work Farming, fishing & foresty managers Other agricultural workers Manufacturing workers Building & construction Workers Clerical & office workers Managerial & government workers Transport workers Sales workers Professional workers Services workers Other workers 0.1% 0.8% 0.1% 3.7% 3.3% 4.6% 4. 5.7% 8.8% 8.3% 7.1% 9.1% 9.3% 9.4% 10.9% 11.1% 11.9% 14.1% 15.4% 17.3% 20.3% 24.3% 1 1 2 2 Journey time to work/school Longer commute than the national average People in spend more time travelling to work or school than the national average. The average travel time in is approximately 29.9 minutes as opposed to 26.5 minutes nationally. Figure 11 shows that fewer people in have short commutes (less than 15 minutes) than the national average. More people in have commutes between a half hour and one and a half hours than the national average (40.4% vs. 29.1%). Figure 11: People aged 5 and over by journey time to work, school or college Over 90 minutes 60-90 minutes 45-60 minutes 30-45 minutes 15-30 minutes Under 15 minutes 2.7% 1.4% 6.4% 8. 6.1% 10.1% 16.6% 22.3% 27. 30. 31.2% 37.7% 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 14
Method of transport to work/school Proportionally more commuters by public transport than the national average People in are proportionally less likely to travel to work or school by car, either as a passenger or as a driver, and more likely to travel by public transport than people nationally (see Figure 12). However, 83.6% of permanent private households own one or more cars in, while the figure for the whole country is 80.3%. People in Dún Laoghaire are less likely than average to walk to work or school but more likely to cycle. Figure 12: People aged 5 and over by means of travel to work, school or college 5 4 40.7% 37. 3 2 1 15.8% 13.2% 2. 3.2% 11.9% 13.7% On foot Bicycle Bus, minibus or coach 2.6% 11.1% Train, DART Car driver or LUAS 16.7% 15.4% Car passenger 10.3% Other 6.4% Volunteering Higher rate of volunteerism than the national average Both men and women are more likely to volunteer to social or charitable organisations than the national average In 17,548 people aged 15 years or over volunteer for at least one activity. People in are more likely to participate in a voluntary organisation than the national population. Nationally 16.4% of people volunteer in some way but this figure is 18.8% in. Figure 13 looks at the types of organisations to which individuals volunteer. 3 Men and women in are more likely to volunteer to social or charitable organisations than nationally. Nationally 4.7% of men volunteer for social or charitable organisations but this figure is 6.2% in. The equivalent figures for women are 6.7% and 8.. Figure 13: Share of those aged 15 and over participating in voluntary activity by gender and nature of activity Male Female 1 1 8% 6% 4% 4.7% 6.2% 4.3% 3.4% 7.4% 6.6% 3.7% 4.4% 8% 6% 4% 6.7% 8. 5.8% 5.1% 3.3% 2.9% 4.6% 5.4% 2% 1.6% 1.7% 2% 1.2% 1.2% Social or charitable Religious group or church Sporting Political or cultural Any other voluntary activity Social or charitable Religious group or church Sporting Political or cultural Any other voluntary activity 3 The percentage shares participating in various voluntary activities in Figure 13 do not add up to the overall share of the population aged 15 years or over participating in voluntary activity as some individuals participate in more than one type of activity. 15
Households and Housing This section covers: Household type and size (Figure 14) Occupancy type (Figure 15) Age of housing stock (Figure 16) Type of water supply (Figure 17) Type of sewerage facilities (Figure 18) Access to a computer and the Internet (Figure 19) Household type and size Householders more likely to live in a flat or apartment than the national average Average household size close to the national average There are 40,351 private households in with 111,526 people living in them. Households in are less likely to live in a house or bungalow (83.8%) than people elsewhere in the (89.2%) and more likely to live in a flat/apartment or bedsit (16.2% vs. 10.3%). Approximately 0.1% of households live in caravans. Overall the average household size is similar in and the. has an average of 2.76 people per household compared to an average of 2.81 people nationally. However, has slightly more one and two-person households and slightly fewer three-person households (see Figure 14). Figure 14: Proportion of households by size 3 28.3% 29.3% 2 22.4% 23.1% 2 18.1% 16.9% 16.6% 16. 1 1 9.3% 9. 3.7% 3. 1. 0.9% 0. 0.4% 1 person 2 people 3 people 4 people 5 people 6 people 7 people 8 or more people Occupancy type Householders slightly more likely to own homes than the national average More householders own homes outright than the national average A total of 40,330 households in live in permanent private dwellings. People in are slightly more likely to live in owner-occupied homes (75.6%) than people elsewhere in Ireland (74.7%). Households in Dún Laoghaire are more likely to own their houses outright than the national average. A total of 35.3% of permanent private households own their homes outright in compared to 34.1% nationally (see Figure 15). However, within Dún Laoghaire more owner occupiers hold mortgages on their homes 4 than own their homes outright. 4 Owner occupiers with mortgages include the owner occupied with mortgage and buying from local authority groups from Figure 15. 16
Figure 15: Share of people in permanent private households by type of occupancy 5 4 39. 38.9% 34.1% 35.3% 3 2 1 1.6% 1.4% 7.2% 6.4% 3. 2.4% 9.9% 11.4% 1. 1.4% 3.2% 2.7% Owner occupied with mortgage Owner occupied no mortgage Buying from local authority Rented from local authority Rented from voluntary body Private rented Occupied free of rent Not stated Age of housing stock Proportionally less new houses than the national average The age of occupied houses in is quite different to the age of houses generally in the country (see Figure 16). has much less housing stock that was built between 1996 and 2006 than the national average (12.6% vs. 29.). has more housing that was built between 1941 and 1970 (31.7% vs. 18.3%). Figure 16: Share of permanent private households by year house built 2 2 1 1 11.1% 11.2% 7.7% 7.6% 10.2% 14.8% 8.1% 16.9% 15.2% 15.3% 11.9% 14.6% 6.7% 7.1% 11.1% 5.9% 17.9% 6.7% Pre 1919 1919 to 1940 1941 to 1960 1961 to 1970 1971 to 1980 1981 to 1990 1991 to 1995 1996 to 2000 2001 or later 17
Type of water supply Less likely to source water privately than the national average Figure 17 shows that households are much more likely than average to be attached to a public water supply (96.7% vs. 83.) than to obtain water through a private source (0.3% vs. 13.1%). Other census data (not shown) reveals that permanent private households in are more likely to have central heating than the rest of the (94.1% vs. 90.4%). Figure 17: Share of permanent private households by type of water supply 8.7% 3.2% 9.9% 3. 2.6% 0.1% 0.2% 3. 74.8% 94.1% Public main Group scheme with local authority source Group scheme with private source Other private source None or not stated Types of sewerage facilities Proportionally fewer individual septic tanks than the national average Figure 18 shows that households are almost certain to manage their waste water through a public scheme (97.6% vs. 67.6%) and much less likely to have an individual septic tank (1.9%) than households nationally (29.). Figure 18: Share of private households by type of sewerage facilities No sewerage facility Other Individual septic tank 0.3% 0. 2.6% 0. 1.9% 29. Public scheme 67.6% 97.6% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18
Access to a computer and the Internet More likely to have PC, Internet access and broadband than the national average Households in are much more likely to have a PC (70.6% vs. 56.6%) and access to the Internet (63. vs. 46.7%) than other households in the. Moreover, Internet access is also likely to be via broadband; 40.7% of households in had broadband Internet access compared with 2 for the as a whole in 2006 (see Figure 19). Figure 19: Computers and access to the Internet - share of households 8 7 6 56.6% 70.6% 63. 5 4 46.7% 40.7% 3 2 20. 1 % with PC % with Internet access % with broadband 19
Voting and Turnout - Election 2007 This section covers: Voting and turnout (Table 5) Voting and turnout Turnout in the 2007 General Election was below the national average A total of 89,035 people were registered to vote at the last election in. The turnout was 59,110 people or 66.4% of those registered to vote below the national turnout (see Table 5). There appears to be more people on the register than are eligible to vote. If we use census figures to estimate the number of people who were eligible to vote 5 in 2007, we see that there were 7.4% more people on the register than the estimate of the population eligible to vote. This is a problem nationally with the electoral register but appears to be more acute in. Table 5: Voting and turnout - General Election 2007 Registered to vote 2007 3,110,914 89,035 Voter turnout 2007 2,085,245 59,110 Turnout / register 67. 66.4% Estimated eligible to vote population 2007 2,984,822 82,923 Percentage difference between estimated eligible to vote and those registered to vote 4.2% 7.4% returns five TDs to Dáil Éireann and in 2007 they were: Mary Hanafin (Fianna Fáil) Barry Andrews (Fianna Fáil) Seán Barrett (Fine Gael) Ciarán Cuffe (Green Party Comhaontas Glas) Eamon Gilmore (The Labour Party) Fiona O Malley (Progressive Democrats) and Eugene Regan (Fine Gael), who ran for election in this constituency, became Senators in the 23rd Seanad. After the publication of the census a Constituency Commission was set up to review the boundaries of the constituencies to be used in the next general election. A number of changes were made to the boundaries and these can be viewed on the Constituency Commission s website www.constituency-commission.ie. 5 The estimate is the number of 17 year olds and above from the 2006 Census who hold Irish or UK nationality. This was estimated by using the share of the population in the constituency who declared themselves as Irish or United Kingdom nationals. It does not account for migration or deaths between the time of the census and the 2007 General Election. The registered to vote and the turnout figures are from the election results available on the Oireachtas website. 20