OFFICE OF STATISTICS PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN

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Transcription:

OFFICE OF STATISTICS PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN Liechtenstein in Figures 2018

Published and distributed by Office of Statistics Äulestrasse 51 9490 Vaduz Liechtenstein T +423 236 68 76 F +423 236 69 36 info.as@llv.li www.as.llv.li Layout Karin Knöller Photo credits Thomas Erhart Printed by Wolf Druck AG, Triesen Copyright Office of Statistics, November 2017 Reproduction is authorised, provided publisher is mentioned. Key A dash (-) in place of a figure indicates absolute zero. A dot (.) in place of a figure indicates that the figure is not available or has been omitted for other reasons.

Table of Contents Geographical Situation 4 Environment 6 History and Constitution 8 Population and Housing 10 National Economy 16 Employment and Education 22 3 Agriculture 30 Goods-producing industry 32 Services-providing industry 34 Transport and Communication 38 Energy 40 Public Finance 42 Statistical Publications 46

Constance Germany Zurich St. Gallen Bregenz Switzerland Vaduz Liechtenstein Austria Chur 4 Geographical Situation In geographical terms, Liechtenstein is situated between Switzerland and Austria in the centre of the Alpine arc. With a total area of only 160 km 2, it is the fourth smallest country in Europe. Its western neighbour Switzerland is around 260 times larger than Liechtenstein. In the west and south, the national frontier runs alongside the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Graubünden for 41 km. In the north and east, Liechtenstein shares a 37 km long frontier with the Austrian federal state of Vorarlberg. Area Total area 160 km 2 100% Wooded area 67 km 2 42% Agricultural area 52 km 2 33% Non-productive area 24 km 2 15% Settlement area 18 km 2 11% Geographical limits North: 47 16 08 north South: 47 02 58 north West: 9 28 16 east East: 9 38 34 east

Municipalities Area, height and population density, 2016 District/ municipality Liechtenstein Upland Vaduz Triesen Balzers Triesenberg Schaan Planken Lowland Eschen Mauren Gamprin Ruggell Schellenberg Area (km 2 ) Height above sea level (m) Population density (inhabitants/km 2 ) 160.5 236 125.5 193 17.3 460 313 26.5 512 192 19.7 477 235 29.7 886 88 26.9 462 223 5.3 786 85 35.0 389 10.4 452 422 7.5 472 569 6.2 468 267 7.4 433 301 3.6 630 300 5 Liechtenstein is the sixth smallest country in the world by area. Dimensions 24.8 km at longest distance, 12.4 km at widest distance. Highest mountain Grauspitz: 2 599 m Lowest point Ruggeller Riet: 430 m Frontiers 41.2 km with Switzerland, 36.7 km with Austria.

6 Environment In Liechtenstein, the altitudinal vegetation zones range from the foothill to the alpine zones (430 m to 2 599 m above sea level). As a result, a wide variety of ecological systems can be found. This is also reflected in a very diverse flora und fauna. Due to population growth and the associated land use, these ecological systems, as well as the animal and plant species living within, are put under pressure. Biodiversity Threatened native species by species groups Vascularplants (1 447) Crustaceans (3) Fishes (28) Amphibians (10) Reptiles (6) (2006 data) (2012 data) (2012 data) (2011 data) (2006 data) Breeding birds (149) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (2006 data) Regionally extinct Critically endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near threatened Least Concern Not evaluated

Climate Despite its mountainous location, Liechtenstein s climate can be described as mild. It is strongly influenced by the effect of the Föhn (a warm, dry downslope wind in the Alps), which lengthens the vegetation period in spring and autumn. Annual precipitation ranges from 900 to 1 200 millimetres. In the alpine region, annual precipitation can reach 1 900 millimetres. Whereas in the winter temperatures sometimes drop below minus 10 degrees Celsius, summer daytime temperatures generally fluctuate between 20 and 28 degrees. Greenhouse gas emissions Target 2013 2014 2015 Tons CO 2 -equivalents 186 000 247 100 215 600 207 700 7 Air Immissions Vaduz Unit Limit value 2015 2016 Nitrogen dioxide Micrograms per cubic meter 30 Particulate matter Micrograms per cubic meter 20 Ozone Hours > 120 μg/m 3 1 19 13 287 18 13 103 Water Concentrations Unit Quality target 2015 2016 Nitrate in groundwater Milligrams per liter < 10 Nitrate in rivers Milligrams per liter < 20 7.1 6.5 3.2. Consumption per capita Drinking water Liters per day. 789 767 Waste Municipal waste Total Per capita Recycling rate Unit Tons Kilograms 2013 2014 2015 33 281 31 362 32 382 903 845 867 63.6% 62.9% 64.3%

8 History and Constitution History 1342 Creation of the earldom of Vaduz 1396 The earldom of Vaduz becomes directly subject to the Holy Roman Emperor 1434 37 Unification of upland (earldom of Vaduz) and lowland (domain of Schellenberg) 1699 Prince Johann Adam Andreas purchases the domain of Schellenberg; purchase of the earldom of Vaduz in 1712 1719 Vaduz and Schellenberg become the Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein 1806 Inclusion in the Confederation of the Rhine: Liechtenstein becomes a sovereign state 1815 Accession to the German Confederation 1852 Customs treaty with the Austrian Empire 1862 A new constitution comes into force which provides for a parliament to represent the people 1868 Abolition of the Liechtenstein army 1919 Cancellation of the customs treaty with Austria 1921 Amendment of the constitution; democratic rights are strengthened 1924 Customs treaty with Switzerland, introduction of the Swiss franc as the official currency 1950 Membership of the International Court of Justice at The Hague 1960 Supplementary protocol on participation in EFTA 1972 Supplementary agreement on inclusion in Switzerland s EC and ECSC agreements 1978 Member of the Council of Europe 1980 Currency treaty with Switzerland

1990 Liechtenstein becomes the 160 th member of the UN 1991 Member of EFTA 1995 Liechtenstein joins the EEA and the WTO 1997 Foundation of Archdiocese of Vaduz 2003 Amendment of the constitution Constitution Constitution Head of State Government Head of Government Deputy Head of Government The principality is a constitutional, hereditary monarchy on a democratic and parliamentary basis; the power of the state is embodied in the reigning prince and the people and is exercised by both under the conditions set forth in the provisions of the constitution (Article 2 of the constitution). HSH Prince Hans-Adam II. von und zu Liechtenstein succeeded Prince Franz Josef II. on 13 November 1989. On 15 August 2004, Prince Hans-Adam II. has entrusted Hereditary Prince Alois to exercise his sovereign powers as his representative. Five-member government nominated by parliament and appointed by the Prince for four years. Adrian Hasler (FBP) Daniel Risch (VU) Other members: Aurelia Frick (FBP) Parliament Courts Mauro Pedrazzini (FBP) Dominique Gantenbein (VU) 25 members of parliament, called Landtag, elected by the people for four years in universal, direct and secret elections. Distribution of seats 2017 2021 9 seats Progressive Citizens Party (FBP) 8 seats Patriotic Union (VU) 5 seats The Independents (DU) 3 seats Free List (FL) Civil and criminal cases are heard initially by the Landgericht, at appeal by the Obergericht and at supreme court level by the Oberster Gerichtshof. Public law cases are dealt with by the Administrative Court and the Staatsgerichtshof. The courts are all located in Vaduz. 9

10 Population and Housing With a population of around 37 800 inhabitants, Liechtenstein is one of the smallest countries in Europe and the world. The population is spread over eleven municipalities. Schaan forms Liechtenstein s largest municipality with around 6 000 inhabitants. Around 5 400 people live in the capital, Vaduz. A third of the population are foreign nationals, mainly from Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Resident population by municipalities, 2016 District/ municipality Resident population as at 31.12. District/ municipality Resident population as at 31.12. Liechtenstein 37 810 Upland 24 191 Lowland 13 619 Vaduz 5 407 Eschen 4 390 Triesen 5 096 Mauren 4 268 Balzers 4 622 Gamprin 1 657 Triesenberg 2 624 Ruggell 2 224 Schaan Planken 5 992 450 Schellenberg 1 080

Resident population Year Inhabitants Liechtensteiners Other nationalities Share of foreign population 1901 7 531 6 419 1 112 14.8% 1911 8 693 7 343 1 350 15.5% 1921 8 841 7 845 996 11.3% 1930 9 948 8 257 1 691 17.0% 1941 11 094 9 309 1 785 16.1% 1950 13 757 11 006 2 751 20.0% 1960 16 628 12 494 4 134 24.9% 1970 21 350 14 304 7 046 33.0% 1980 25 215 15 913 9 302 36.9% 1990 29 032 18 123 10 909 37.6% 2000 32 863 21 543 11 320 34.4% 2010 36 149 24 145 12 004 33.2% 2015 37 622 24 847 12 775 34.0% 2016 37 810 25 015 12 795 33.8% 11 Resident population 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 1901 1911 1921 1930 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 Liechtensteiners Other nationalities

Resident foreign population by nationality Year Total Switzerland Austria Italy Germany Others 1980 9 302 4 055 1 945 1 029 894 1 379 1990 10 909 4 459 2 069 1 026 1 071 2 284 2000 11 320 3 805 2 006 1 131 1 028 3 350 2010 12 004 3 586 2 057 1 319 1 148 3 894 2015 12 775 3 599 2 199 1 539 1 188 4 250 2016 12 795 3 612 2 203 1 572 1 190 4 218 12 Resident population by age Year Age Total 0 14 15 64 65+ 1980 25 215 5 788 17 160 2 267 1990 29 032 5 522 20 619 2 891 2000 32 863 6 088 23 335 3 440 2010 36 149 5 775 25 352 5 022 2015 37 622 5 610 25 813 6 199 2016 37 810 5 624 25 774 6 412 Age distribution of resident population (31.12.2016) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 Liechtensteiners Other nationalities

Resident population by marital status Year Single Married, registered partnership Divorced, partnership dissolved, widowed Men Women Men Women Men Women 1980 6 215 5 920 5 320 5 320 984 1 456 1990 7 034 6 476 6 884 6 468 547 1 623 2000 7 490 7 070 7 555 7 423 993 2 332 2010 8 179 7 356 8 272 8 074 1 435 2 833 2015 8 360 7 429 8 648 8 447 1 652 3 086 2016 8 402 7 461 8 734 8 499 1 610 3 104 Marital status (31.12.2016) 13 42.0% single 4.7% widowed, partner deceased 7.9% divorced, partnership dissolved 45.4% married, registered partnership Marriages, 2016 Number of persons who got married Liechtenstein man/liechtenstein woman Liechtenstein man/woman of other nationality Man of other nationality/liechtenstein woman Man of other nationality/woman of other nationality 363 100.0% 112 30.9% 108 29.8% 72 19.8% 71 19.6% Deaths by cause, 2016 Cause of death Deaths Men Women Total 271 142 129 Infections Cancer Dementia Circulatory system Respiratory organs Digestive organs Infirmity of old age Accidents and violent deaths Others/Unknown 9 5 4 56 27 29 5 3 2 99 54 45 31 14 17 10 5 5 11 4 7 10 5 5 40 25 15

Live Births 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 Liechtensteiners Other nationalities Total 14 Deaths 300 250 200 Liechtensteiners Other nationalities Total 150 100 50 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 Surplus of births 300 250 200 Liechtensteiners Other nationalities Total 150 100 50 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016

Households by type Total Private households One-person household Couple without children Couple with children Lone-parent household Others Collective households (retirement homes etc.) Population Census 2010 2015 Change 15 474 16 522 6.8% 15 463 16 506 6.7% 5 284 5 799 9.7% 3 810 4 185 9.8% 4 825 4 867 0.9% 1 253 1 272 1.5% 291 383 31.6% 11 16 45.5% 15 Occupied buildings and dwellings Total buildings Single-family houses Apartment blocks Mixed-use residential buildings Others Total occupied dwellings Owner-occupied Rented Others Housing census 2010 2015 Change 10 337 10 856 5.0% 6 161 6 297 2.2% 2 135 2 256 5.7% 1 705 1 975 15.8% 336 328-2.4% 15 474 16 522 6.8% 7 884.. 7 321.. 269..

16 National Economy Liechtenstein has an extremely diverse national economy with a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises. The high value-added generated can mainly be attributed to a strong industrial sector and to financial service providers. At the same time, the contribution of the public sector to the national economy is comparatively small. On 26 May 1924, Liechtenstein declared the Swiss franc (CHF) the legal currency of Liechtenstein. All coins, bank notes and other means of payment used in Switzerland were recognised as official legal tender in Liechtenstein.

Rate of price changes 2.5% 2.4% 2.0% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 0.6% 0.8% 0.7% 0.5% 0.0% -0.5% -1.0% -1.5% 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.5% 0.7% 2007 2008 2009 2010 0.2% 0.7% 0.2% 0.0% 2011 2012 2013 2014 1.1% In Liechtenstein, the Swiss consumer price index applies. 0.4% 2015 2016 17 Income from gainful activity Year in million CHF 1980 550 1990 1 093 2000 1 867 2010 2 702 2015 2 916 2016 2 994 The income from gainful activity is the sum of the income of all persons employed in Liechtenstein contributing to the compulsory old-age and survivors insurance (including inward cross-border commuters). Assets of the old age pension schemes Old-age and survivors' insurance (AHV) Company pension scheme Year in million CHF in million CHF 2012 2 596 4 698 2013 2 747 4 968 2014 2 937 5 280 2015 2 911 5 487 2016 2 999 5 643

GDP and GNI at current prices Gross domestic product (GDP) GDP per employed person Gross national income (GNI) GNI per inhabitant Year in billion CHF in CHF in billion CHF in CHF 2013 5.9 193 010 4.7 128 080 2014 6.1 196 820 5.0 133 220 18 GDP at current prices in comparison, 2014 Country Liechtenstein Switzerland Austria Germany National currency in billion in billion CHF CHF 6.1 6.1 CHF 649.7 649.7 EUR 333.1 404.5 EUR 2 932.5 3 561.9 Euro converted at yearly average rate (1 EUR = 1.214629 CHF). A distinctive feature of Liechtenstein s national economy is the large number of inward cross-border commuters. In 2016, 54% of Liechtenstein s work force consisted of this group. Since GDP is generated by the entire work force, country comparisons of GDP per capita may in the case of Liechtenstein lead to misleading conclusions. Hence, GDP per person employed may be considered a more appropriate figure to compare Liechtenstein across countries.

Gross value added in 2014 By economic activity 27% General services 41% 25% Financial services 7% Agriculture and households Goods production The value added by agriculture and households mainly corresponds to the rental activities of real estates and the imputed rental of owner occupied dwellings. 19 Number of enterprises by sector and size Total Economic sector Sector 1 Agriculture Sector 2 Goods Sector 3 Services Size class 1 9 employees 10 49 employees 50 249 employees 250+ employees 2015 2016 Change 4 482 4 567 1.9% 103 103 0.0% 584 593 1.5% 3 795 3 871 2.0% 3 941 4 025 2.1% 434 438 0.9% 90 87-3.3% 17 17 0.0%

Social protection in Liechtenstein 20 Sickness and maternity insurance (1910) Occupational accident insurance (1910) Non-occupational accident insurance (1932) Old-age and survivors insurance (1952) Family allowance (1957) Bad weather compensation in the construction industry (1957) Subsidy for the building of houses (1958) Disability insurance (1959) Occupational illnesses protection (1961) Supplementary allowances for old-age, survivors and disability insurance (1965) Social assistance for individual cases (1966) Unemployment insurance (1970) Blind persons allowance (1971) Widowers pension (1981) Maternity benefits (1982) Insolvency compensation (1985) Company pension scheme (1989) Bilateral social security agreements were signed with Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Italy. Through the EEA Agreement, various European legal acts in the field of social security also apply in Liechtenstein.

Sustainable development In the areas of education and culture, employment, energy and climate as well as natural resources the development is positive or at the very least slightly positive. The areas of living conditions, health, international cooperation and economy show no significant changes. Therefore the overall evaluation in these areas is neutral. However, the development of the areas of social cohesion and mobility is not moving towards sustainability. Indicators of sustainable development 2017 21 Living Conditions Health Social Cohesion International Cooperation Education and Culture Employment Economy Mobility Energy and Climate Natural Resources - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + Positive (sustainable trend) Neutral Negative (non-sustainable trend) Evaluation 2017

22 Employment and Education For many years, Liechtenstein s national economy has experienced an above-average growth in employment. Due to the strong economic growth over the past decades and the small size of the country, an increasing input of labour from neighbouring countries is required. More than half of the persons employed in Liechtenstein do not actually live there. Employment Year Resident population in gainful employment of which outward commuters Inward commuters Total employed of which other nationalities 1930 4 436. 150 4 586. 1941 4 874 723 10 4 161 676 1950 6 018 380 700 6 338 2 007 1960 7 575 179 1 700 9 096 3 893 1970 9 336 368 2 601 11 569 6 240 1980 12 266 723 3 297 14 840 8 212 1990 13 970 950 6 885 19 905 11 933 2000 16 710 1 105 11 192 26 797 16 960 2010 18 280 1 516 17 570 34 334 23 187 2015 19 119 2 016 19 652 36 755 25 399 2016 19 214 2 000 20 239 37 453 25 983 Inward commuters 1930 1960 and outward commuters 1990 are estimates.

Employment by economic sector 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 Sector 1 Agriculture Sector 2 Goods Sector 3 Services 23 Employment by economic sector (31.12.2016) 37.9% Sector 2 Goods 0.7% Sector 1 Agriculture 61.4% Sector 3 Services Persons employed by economic sector compared with neighbouring countries Sector 1 Agriculture Sector 2 Goods Sector 3 Services Liechtenstein Switzerland Austria Germany 0.7% 3.4% 4.4% 1.4% 37.9% 20.5% 25.6% 24.2% 61.4% 76.0% 70.1% 74.4%

Total employment as at 31 December 2016 Summary Residents 38 281 permanent 37 810 non-permanent 471 not in gainful employment 19 067 Inhabitants in gainful employment Employed in Liechtenstein 19 214 37 453 Inward commuters 20 239 24 in gainful employment 19 214 Outward commuters 2 000 employed in Liechtenstein 17 214 thereof Liechtensteiners 565 Other nationalities resident in Liechtenstein 6 309 Liechtensteiners resident in Liechtenstein 10 905 Inward commuters by residence 54.3% Switzerland 1.0% Others 3.1% Germany 41.6% Austria Employees by nationality 30.6% Liechtensteiners 69.4% Other nationalities

Employment by economic branch, 2016 Total Sector 1 Agriculture Sector 2 Goods Mining & quarrying Manufacturing Energy & water supply; sewerage & waste remediation Construction Sector 3 Services Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles & motorcycles Transportation & storage Accommodation & food service activities Information & communication Financial & insurance activities Real estate activities Legal & accounting activities Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities Architectural & engineering activities; technical testing & analysis Scientific research & development; other technical activities Administrative & support service activities Public administration; compulsory social security Education Human health & social work activities Arts, entertainment, recreation Other service activities Households as employers Activities of extraterritorial organisations Resident population in gainful employment of which outward commuters Inward commuters Employed in Liechtenstein Share in % 19 214 2 000 20 239 37 453 100.0 233 9 21 245 0.7 5 455 644 9 394 14 205 37.9 24-19 43 0.1 3 668 529 8 155 11 294 30.2 227 26 109 310 0.8 1 536 89 1 111 2 558 6.8 13 526 1 347 10 824 23 003 61.4 1 730 362 1 472 2 840 7.6 533 82 575 1 026 2.7 691 62 422 1 051 2.8 438 66 420 792 2.1 1 546 95 1 948 3 399 9.1 105 12 59 152 0.4 1 509 20 1 264 2 753 7.4 342 39 318 621 1.7 504 55 406 855 2.3 232 19 194 407 1.1 861 57 1 225 2 029 5.4 1 490 43 328 1 775 4.7 859 115 465 1 209 3.2 1 749 242 1 055 2 562 6.8 281 16 135 400 1.1 492 48 207 651 1.7 140 1 293 432 1.2 24 13 38 49 0.1 25

Gross monthly wage by sex and age, 2014 (median) Total 20 29 years 30 39 years 40 49 years 50 59 years 60+ years Gross monthly wage in CHF Both sexes Men Women 6 522 7 036 5 873 5 052 5 124 4 955 6 757 7 043 6 338 7 308 8 025 6 357 7 262 8 131 6 149 6 755 7 487 5 779 26 Gross monthly wage by economic sector, 2014 (median) in CHF Total economy 6 522 Services 6 547 Goods 6 518 Agriculture 3 963 0 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000

Labour market Unemployment Unemployed persons are those who are registered at the Office of Economic Affairs, who live in Liechtenstein and who are able to take up employment within two weeks. Due to statistical recording difficulties, persons registered as unemployed who enter a longerterm further education programme or who are on maternity leave are nonetheless counted as unemployed. Unemployment as at 31.12. Job seekers Vacancies Unemployed Unemployment rate 2009 776 152 545 3.0% 2010 628 194 401 2.2% 2011 654 201 463 2.5% 2012 635 329 443 2.3% 2013 663 298 481 2.5% 2014 635 267 463 2.4% 2015 683 363 475 2.4% 2016 622 794 406 2.1% 27 Unemployment rate 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Dec 09 Dec 10 Dec 11 Dec 12 Dec 13 Dec 14 Dec 15 Dec 16

Education The educational institutions in Liechtenstein offer a wide range of opportunities on primary and lower secondary level. On upper secondary and tertiary level, the domestic institutions only partially cover the educational needs of the population. Therefore, a lot of students go abroad for tertiary education. In the academic year 2015/16 1 003 students from Liechtenstein were registered at advanced vocational colleges and other higher education institutions abroad. 77% of these students joined educational programs in Switzerland, 19% in Austria and 4% in Germany. 28 Pupils From kindergarten to secondary education Total Kindergarten Primary school Special school Oberschule (Secondary school) Realschule (Secondary school) Grammar school Voluntary tenth school year 1980/81 1990/91 2000/01 2015/16 4 337 4 153 4 885 4 756 698 739 862 757 1 960 1 892 2 111 1 956 39 65 71 82 519 403 423 415 750 567 700 719 371 487 679 771.. 39 56 Resident population 25 215 29 032 32 863 37 622 Apprentices in enterprises Total Percentage of women Residence abroad Percentage with vocational secondary school Jobs in Liechtenstein 1980/81 1990/91 2000/01 2015/16 794 936 1 011 1 151 35.3%. 35.8% 36.2% 33.8% 37.3% 43.2% 31.5%.. 10.6% 7.5% 14 840 19 905 27 177 38 518

Students at universities in Liechtenstein Field of study Total Management Architecture Law Medicine and pharmacy Philosophy Percentage of women 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 677 630 685 403 369 393 176 167 176 49 45 48 49 45 63-4 5 36.0% 34.9% 33.6% Not included are students in further education programmes. 29 Students from Liechtenstein at universities Place of study 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Total 1 032 1 038 1064 Liechtenstein 76 63 61 Switzerland 769 774 776 Austria 152 167 189 Germany 35 34 38 Percentage of women 48.6% 44.7% 45.2%

30 Agriculture The agricultural area under permanent crops and pastures (excluding alpine pastures) accounts for about 22% of Liechtenstein s 16 054 ha. In 2016, 0.7% of all persons employed in Liechtenstein were working in agriculture and forestry. Important for the farmers is the dairy industry. Some 55 dairy farms produced 13 million kg of milk in 2016. In 2016, there were 102 registered farms. Of these, almost a third was certified to produce according to organic farming production methods. In Liechtenstein, the cultivation of forage crops is of particular importance. The share of forage crops amounts to 24% of the agricultural area. 58% of the agricultural area is used as permanent grassland.

Farms by size Total Size in ha Year < 5 5 10 10 20 > 20 1980 494 286 80 70 58 1990 417 248 43 45 81 2000 199 73 23 29 74 2010 118 7 13 20 78 2016 102 4 8 13 77 Since 2010: Only farms receiving agricultural subsidies in form of direct payments. 31 Farms by size 600 500 400 300 > 20 ha 10 20 ha 5 10 ha < 5 ha 200 100 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 Livestock and milk production Cattle of which cows Equidae Pigs Sheep Goats Poultry Bee colonies Milk production (in 1 000 kg) 1990 2000 2010 2016 6 328 5 054 5 993 6 232 2 827 2 562 2 807 2 620 239 379 489 438 3 251 2 013 1 690 1 789 2 781 3 319 3 656 4 050 171 239 416 323.. 12 626 12 679 1 058 953 1 173 1 034 13 158 12 968 13 493 12 946 Livestock of all livestock owners (including agricultural units receiving agricultural subsidies in form of direct payments). Milk delivery to dairy (excluding milk from alpine pastures).

32 Goods-producing industry Liechtenstein s economy is still heavily shaped by its goods production. In 2016, the goods-producing sector provided 37% of all jobs. This represents a remarkably high proportion, compared to other European countries. Jobs in the goods-producing industry are provided by a total of 593 enterprises. These enterprises are mainly small companies with less than 50 persons employed. They are engaged in a large number of specialised market niches and contribute to the broad diversification of Liechtenstein s economy. The most important branches include mechanical engineering, manufacturing of electrical machinery, vehicle components, dental technology, and food products as well as construction work. Due to Liechtenstein s limited domestic market, especially larger enterprises are heavily export-oriented. A vast majority of their goods production is sold abroad. The most important export destinations for Liechtenstein s goods-producing industry are Switzerland, Germany and the USA.

Direct goods exports (without Switzerland) Year in million CHF Change 2007 4 182 16.0% 2008 4 245 1.5% 2009 3 081-27.4% 2010 3 325 7.9% 2011 3 329 0.1% 2012 3 388 1.8% 2013 3 389 0.0% 2014 3 453 1.9% 2015 3 217-6.9% 2016 3 355 4.3% Direct goods imports (without Switzerland) 33 Year in million CHF Change 2007 2 416 11.7% 2008 2 461 1.8% 2009 1 924-21.8% 2010 1 882-2.2% 2011 1 965 4.4% 2012 1 860-5.4% 2013 1 909 2.6% 2014 2 040 6.9% 2015 1 916-6.1% 2016 1 980 3.4% Data of the Swiss Federal Customs Administration. Goods exchange with Switzerland is not included. Direct goods exports and imports (without Switzerland) in million CHF 5 000 4 000 Direct exports Direct imports 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

34 Services-providing industry Around three-fifths of all persons employed work in the services sector. In this sector, the most important branches of the economy include financial and insurance services, legal and tax consultancy as well as trade. The wide range of services comprises more than 300 kinds of economic activity. Tourism in hotels and guest houses Year Hotels and guest houses Beds available Guest arrivals Overnight stays 1970 70 1 415 72 421 145 247 1980 64 1 760 85 033 182 443 1990 60 1 387 77 735 149 861 2000 49 1 314 62 894 133 485 2010 40 1 144 51 815 115 051 2015 35 912 49 165 91 541 2016 38 1 264 61 084 109 416

Banks in million CHF Nominal balance Net profit Number of persons employed in Liechtenstein Client assets of the banks 2000 2010 2015 2016 36 964 52 466 60 556 59 924 549 570 240 287 1 773 2 117 1 902 1 977 in billion CHF (as at 31.12.) Total client assets Net client securities accounts On-balance-sheet customer deposits Fiduciary investments 2000 112.7 70.6 28.4 13.7 2010 121.3 81.3 35.4 4.6 2015 121.1 79.7 39.8 1.6 2016 125.9 85.5 38.8 1.6 35 Net client securities accounts means client securities accounts offset against items relevant to balance. Custody assets are included. Client assets of the banks in billion CHF 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Domestic investment companies in billion CHF 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Net assets Individual portfolios Number of enterprises 37.2 38.4 46.2 45.2 46.0 791 779 735 714 695 557 549 532 510 490 36 Net assets of domestic investment companies in billion CHF 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Insurance companies domiciled in Liechtenstein in billion CHF Gross premiums written Investment assets Technical provisions Equity Number of enterprises Persons employed in Liechtenstein 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 4.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 30.3 29.7 29.1 26.0 26.5 29.1 28.7 27.9 26.3 24.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.4 41 42 42 41 39 601 604 555 596 649 Investment assets of insurance companies in billion CHF 50 40 30 20 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 37

38 Transport and Communication Liechtenstein s road network consists of around 130 km of state roads and over 500 km of local community roads. The well developed public transport relies mostly on buses, which connect the eleven municipalities with each other and with the railway networks in Switzerland and Austria. The railway line links Feldkirch in Austria to Buchs in Switzerland and has four stops in Liechtenstein. The level of motorisation is very high. There are around 780 passenger cars for every 1 000 inhabitants. This represents a peak value in Europe. In the neighbouring countries of Switzerland and Austria around 540 respectively 550 passenger cars per 1 000 inhabitants are in use. Motor vehicles Year (as at 1.7.) Motor vehicles number per 1 000 inhabitants Cars number per 1 000 inhabitants 1980 15 269 592 12 569 487 1990 21 233 746 16 891 594 2000 28 447 866 21 784 672 2010 35 291 983 26 890 749 2016 39 080 1 038 29 241 777 2017 39 735 1 051 29 676 785

Number of vehicles (as at 1.7.) 40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 2017 Cars Other vehicles 39 Road traffic accidents Accidents Injured persons Fatalities 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 340 424 366 445 434 115 150 114 111 105 3 3-2 - Postal services and public transport in 1 000s Letters delivered Parcels delivered Bus passengers Number of Post offices 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 17 129 13 188 21 655 16 947 14 839 415 499 581 571 560 2 919 4 120 5 213 5 294 5 626 12 12 12 10 10

40 Energy Electricity, natural gas, heating oil and petrol are amongst the major energy sources in Liechtenstein, which is strongly dependent upon energy imports. The proportion of own energy supply to total energy consumption is 13%. Energy production in Liechtenstein is limited to the energy sources electricity, firewood and biogas. Energy consumption/ imports in 2016 10.4% Fuel oil 11.5% Diesel oil 8.9% Petrol 21.0% Natural gas 0.6% Biogas/Liquid gas 4.7% Firewood 0.9% Solar panels 9.0% Long-distance heating (waste incineration) 33.1% Electricity

Energy consumption/ imports in GWh 1990 2000 2015 2016 Total 1 081.5 1 207.2 1 238.3 1 202.5 Electricity 221.9 302.0 395.2 398.5 Petrol 227.6 271.3 113.8 106.7 Diesel oil 69.6 79.8 135.5 137.8 Fuel oil 419.9 259.5 158.1 125.6 Natural gas 126.6 267.3 254.5 252.9 Liquid gas 3.7 1.5 1.0 1.0 Firewood 11.9 24.4 58.2 56.3 Solar panel. 1.0 10.3 10.3 Long-distance heating (waste incineration).. 105.5 107.9 Others 0.3 0.2 6.2 5.5 41 Self supply 67.3 103.5 135.2 151.2 Consumption per inhabitant in MWh 37.3 36.7 32.9 31.8 Energy consumption/ imports in GWh 500 400 300 200 Electricity Natural gas Fuel oil Petrol Diesel oil 100 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

42 Public Finance Liechtenstein s public authority budgets comprise the national budget and the budgets of the eleven municipalities. In 2016, total tax receipts amounted to around CHF 864 million. Other sources of revenue include property investment incomes and fees. On the expenditure side, major expenses are for social welfare and education. State and municipalities Tax revenues by type of tax, 2016 CHF 226 million Property and income tax CHF 215 million Value added tax CHF 131 million Other taxes, duties CHF 40 million Stamp duties CHF 252 million Earnings tax Fiscal income in million CHF Total Taxes Social contributions 2000 2010 2015 2016 959 1 158 1 243 1 239 739 833 878 864 220 324 365 374

National budget Overview of the accounts in million CHF Operating revenue Operating expenditure Operating result Net financial result Extraordinary result Result of the profit and loss account Depreciation on fixed capital Gross investment Investment income Financing surplus/deficit ( ) 2015 2016 806 797-778 -793 28 5 11 87 - - 39 92 41 37-41 -31 18 18 58 115 43 Current expenditures by purpose, 2016 CHF 160 million Education CHF 123 million Others CHF 103 million General administration CHF 62 million Public safety CHF 157 million Finance, taxation CHF 188 million Social welfare Current revenues by type, 2016 CHF 95 million Revenues from assets CHF 34 million Service charges CHF 28 million Repayments from municipalities CHF 0.2 million Withdrawals from special funds CHF 727 million Taxes and duties

Local budgets Municipalities Current accounts in million CHF Current expenditure Current revenue Cash flow Depreciation on fixed capital Surplus current accounts 2000 2010 2015 2016 139 179 182 182 288 314 315 314 149 135 133 132 65 94 77 73 84 41 56 58 44 Current expenditures by purpose, 2016 CHF 32 million General administration CHF 31 million Education CHF 28 million Culture, leisure CHF 20 million Environment, land development CHF 27 million Social welfare CHF 44 million Others Current revenues by type, 2016 CHF 56 million Fiscal equalisation CHF 4 million Internal transfers CHF 32 million Revenues from assets CHF 2 million Charges, fees CHF 24 million Service charges CHF 2 million Other revenues CHF 194 million Taxes Capital accounts in million CHF Gross investment Investment income Net investments Financing surplus/ deficit ( ) 2000 2010 2015 2016 130 135 78 78 26 26 9 7 103 110 69 71 45 26 64 61

General government The government finance statistics provide an general overview of the financial situation of the general government (central government, local government, social security funds). The general government s net lending amounted to CHF 227.3 million in 2015. This corresponds to 3.8% of the gross domestic product. Government revenue and expenditure by subsector, 2015 in million CHF General government Central government Local government Social security funds Revenue 1 692.6 904.7 312.9 475.0 Taxes 878.3 690.2 188.2 - Social contributions 364.9 - - 364.9 Sales 117.6 64.7 42.1 10.7 Other current revenue 329.7 149.8 80.5 99.4 Capital revenue 2.2 0.0 2.1 - Expenditure 1 465.3 811.8 246.5 407.0 Intermediate consumption 197.1 122.0 60.7 14.4 Compensation of employees 314.7 249.3 55.9 9.5 Interest 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 Subsidies 55.9 55.9 - - Social benefits 465.8 75.3 8.4 382.1 Other current expenditure 330.0 281.6 48.4 - Capital transfers payable 15.0 12.1 2.9 - Capital investments 86.0 15.6 69.4 1.0 Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (-) 227.3 92.8 66.4 68.1 Transfer revenue within the government sector 215.1 67.3 5.9 - Transfer expenditure within the government sector 215.1 67.3 5.9 - Consolidated revenue 1 477.6 837.3 307.0 475.0 Consolidated expenditure 1 250.3 744.5 240.6 407.0 45 Central government = State, public corporations state Local government = Municipalities, public corporations municipalities, citizens cooperatives Social security funds = Old-age, survivors and disability insurance, unemployment fund Data are consolidated between and within the sector of general government.

Statistical Publications (in German) Frequency of publication 46 Accident insurance statistics Agriculture statistics Banking statistics Building and housing statistics Construction statistics Consumer price index Current development Economic report Economic survey Education statistics Employment statistics Energy statistics Environment statistics Family name statistics First name statistics Foreign trade statistics Government finance statistics Health insurance statistics Health interview survey Indicators of sustainable development Liechtenstein in figures Migration statistics Motor vehicle statistics inventory Motor vehicle statistics new registrations National accounts Naturalisation statistics Population and housing census Population scenarios Population statistics Revenue statistics Statistical yearbook Tourism statistics Unemployment statistics Vital statistics Wage statistics Annually 3 to 4-yearly Annually Annually Annually/ quarterly Monthly Quarterly Biannually Quarterly Annually Annually Annually Annually 10-yearly Annually Annually/ quarterly Annually Annually 5-yearly Annually Annually Annually Annually Annually/ monthly Annually Annually 5-yearly 5-yearly Half-yearly Annually Annually Annually/ seasons Annually Annually 2-yearly All publications are available online ( www.as.llv.li ). The statistical publications are more detailed and up-to-date than the corresponding tables in this brochure. For individuel online queries use the etab-portal (www.etab.llv.li).

Ruggell Gamprin Eschen Bendern Schellenberg Mauren Schaanwald Nendeln 47 Planken Schaan Vaduz Gaflei Triesenberg Steg Triesen Malbun Mäls Balzers 2009 Land Vorarlberg

Office of Statistics Äulestrasse 51 9490 Vaduz Liechtenstein T +423 236 68 76 F +423 236 69 36 info.as@llv.li www.as.llv.li