EU OCCURRENCE REPORTING IN DIFFERENT TRANSPORT MODES 2 nd workshop on Risk Evaluation and Assessment in the context of rail, road and inland waterways Transport of Dangerous Goods Valenciennes, 29 October 2014 EKSLER Vojtech
I. EU safety regulatory regimes for different transport modes II. Occurrence reporting regimes in different transport modes III. Harmonization of reporting practices IV. Consideration of accidents involving DG OUTLINE
Glossary of terms Terms used hereunder: Safety reporting is the collection of information on actual or potential safety deficiencies. Safety occurrence is the term used to embrace all events which have, or could have significance in the context of transport safety, ranging from accidents and serious incidents, through incidents or events that must be reported, to occurrences of lesser severity which, in the opinion of the reporter could have safety significance.
EU regulatory regimes differences for transport modes
REGULATORY REGIMES regulated Feature Aviation Railway Maritime Road Closed system ***** **** *** * Subject to international regulations ***** ** **** * Mandatory independent accident investigation (EU) Yes Yes Yes No Safety plans at national level (EU) Yes No No Yes Mandatory occurrence reporting at EU level Yes No Yes Yes
Extent of EU regulatory approaches vary REGULATORY REGIMES Aviation + Regulated at EU level - Railways Maritime Road
REGULATORY REGIMES Safety levels and trends (EU-27) Transport mode used by user Estimated by ERA from EASA and DG MOVE annual reports Fatalities per billion passenger kms Airline passenger (1) 0.06 Railway passenger 0.13 Bus/Coach occupant (2) 0.20 Car occupant 3.14 Powered two-wheelers 48.94 Vessels (boat) passenger N/A ( [1] ) Fatalities over EU-27 territory by any operators. ( [2] ) Fatalities per type estimated from available figures (CARE database). Estimated average yearly reduction 1980-2009 Fatal aviation accidents 9 % Major rail fatal accidents 7 % Road fatal crashes 4 %
REGULATORY REGIMES Some observations: The extent of regulatory regime may reflect the expected desired level of risk of transport modes Mandatory safety reporting a part of a regulatory approach, for different transport modes it may reflect the intensity of the regulatory regime
EU accident reporting regimes
OCCURRENCE REPORTING REGIMES Regulated reporting Reporting regimes (EU) Aviation Railway Maritime Road Investigated accident reporting since 2003 2004 2011 No Annual number of reported events (p.a.) 3,000 200 100+ - Mandatory accident data reporting (specialized, annual general data reporting) 2004 Annual number of reported occurrences (p.a.) <2,000 Mandatory occurrence reporting at EU level (specialized, individual accident data) 2003 2011 1993 Annual number of reported occurrences (p.a.) 3,000 3,500 30,000
EU databases on transport accident data OCCURRENCE REPORTING REGIMES EU db Aviation Railway Maritime Road db ECR European Central Repository ERAIL European Railway Accident Investigations Links EMCIP European Marine Casualty Information Platform CARE Community database on road accidents Lex D42/2003 & R1321/2007 49/2009/EC 2009/18/EC 93/704/EC Main goal Safety monitoring and analysis General monitoring of safety To assure investigation of accidents Safety monitoring and analysis
OCCURRENCE REPORTING REGIMES Some observations: Mandatory reporting of occurrences established in most transport modes with major scope differences between them Inland waterways transport do not have their proper harmonized EU-wide reporting regime
Harmonization in reporting practices
HARMONIZATION OF REPORTING Single transport modes developed from private businesses with originally limited risk assessment considerations. Regulatory frameworks evolved in parallel, but not simultaneously. As a result, the harmonization in reporting practices does not go too far beyond common sense (e.g. fatality accident, annual reporting, ). Harmonization sometimes desirable (EU creating a single EU transport area White paper).
HARMONIZATION OF REPORTING Reporting taxonomies Aviation Railway Maritime Road Status Recently revised In progress Developed Developed Details 100+ fields/attributes 600 fields/attributes
Reporting of accidents involving transport of DGs
REPORTING OF DG ACCIDENTS Aviation (EASA - CER): As any other occurrence. Rail (ERA ERAIL): Accident or incident that is subject to reporting in accordance with RID section 1.8.5. Maritime (EMSA EMCIP): The taxonomy used for the maritime database is in line with the international legislation adopted by the IMO, in particular the MARPOL and IMDG, IBC and IGC codes. However, such information, unless having a direct link with the accident or its consequences (pollution, chemical danger, etc.) are not reported by the MS. Road (DG MOVE CARE): As any other occurrence.
CONCLUSIONS Despite reporting regimes in different transport modes evolved individually, there are commonalities in the taxonomies and other similarities These are driven by risk-based regulatory frameworks that have been gradually introduced DG MOVE, ERA, EMSA, EASA and EUROSTAT work closely together on accident reporting methodologies