THE NATIONAL SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGY (NSPS): INVESTING IN PEOPLE GOVERNMENT OF GHANA Ministry of Manpower, Youth and Employment (MMYE) 2008 GHANA DELEGATION
GHANA OVERVIEW
WHAT IS THE NSPS: Finalized in 2007 The National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) represents the Government of Ghana s (GoG) vision of creating an all inclusive and socially empowered society through the provision of sustainable mechanisms for the protection of persons living in situations of extreme poverty and related vulnerability and exclusion. The NSPS is founded upon the principle that every Ghanaian matters and is capable of contributing his or her quota to national development. (NSPS; GoG, 2007) Rights-Based Approach for the Vulnerable and Excluded Child-Centred and Gender Sensitive Approach to Interventions
WHY SOCIAL PROTECTION? GPRS I Experiences GPRS II National Targets by 2015, SP Mandated Deliverable Ghana Needed: 1. 2. Socially Protective cushions insulate V+E persons from Lifecycle risks (i.e, sickness, unemployment, disability and disaster). An Umbrella concept, covering a wider range of programmes, stakeholders, and social instruments. International/Local Instruments and Legislations The 1992 Constitution, Children s Act 560 (1998), Persons With Disabilities Act 715 (2005) ILO Convention 182, Convention on Rights of Child Universal Declaration on Human Rights, MDGs, BASED ON BP s from Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, etc. Poor Impact/Targeting of Past SP Programmes in Ghana
NSPS FRAMEWORK NATIONAL SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGY (NSPS) LEAP SOCIAL GRANTS SCHEME POLICY FRAMEWORK Linkages to Complementary Services Emergency Response
POVERTY IN GHANA Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 4, 2000): Poverty profile of Ghana indicates that an estimated 40% of Ghanaians are poor (GLSS 4) approx. 26.8% of population = Extreme poor, 14.7% are poorest of the poor. Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 5, 2007): GLSS 5) approx. 18.2% of population = Extreme poor Per capita income in 2006 was approx. $400, and therefore efforts must be made via a comprehensive and sustainable Social Protection strategy to lift the poorest citizens out of the poverty cycle and poise them to contribute to the nation s development. Poorest HH = Combination of Children/Elderly
POVERTY MAP SOURCE: GSS GLSS 5 and Coulombe & Wodon (2007)
POVERTY IN GHANA: POVERTY BAND ANALYSIS Non- Poor n Po or Poor Po or Non Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$38 Quasi Non Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$23 Transitory Non Poor (Mean monthly per capital income= Transitory Poor (Mean monthly per capital income= Moderately Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$11 Extremely Poor Mean monthly per capital income = US$6 US$15) US$15) 30.2% 21.1% 9.0% 9.0% 16.0% 14.7%
Integrated Approach to SP: Complementary Programmes Existing Social Protection interventions Complemented by NSPS: SSNIT Pension Scheme School Feeding Programme Capitation Grant (Primary and Soon Secondary Education) National Health Insurance Scheme Social Welfare Programmes Supplemenatry Feeding Programmes National Youth Employment Programme Intergrated Agric. Support Programme Microfinance Schemes Emergency Management Schemes
Social Protection and Livelihoods Technical (SPLiT) Committee Coordinate Policy Interventions of Govn t Ministries, Departments and Agencies for Vulnerable/Excluded Citizens. Build Capacity of MDAs to Programme for vulnerable citizens, esp. extreme poor: Sharpen existing interventions in terms of implementation and targeting effectiveness of implementing partners. Modify Targeting Questionnaire to assist pro-poor targeting in various sectors (ie, health, education) Ensure compliance at decentralized levels National Sensitisation/Communication/Advocacy Linkages to Complementary Services: NSPS interventions will facilitate improvements in existing mechanisms and the formulation of new interventions to address gaps in coverage for the extreme poor
SOCIAL PROTECTION MODEL: NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CASH TRANSFER LEGAL EMPOWERMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION HEALTH LIVELIHOOD PROMOTING PROGRAMMES SOCIAL WELFARE EDUCATION
LEAP Programme Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) Social Grants Scheme: context specific initiative that will provide both conditional and unconditional cash transfers to Targeted populations. Dept. Of Social Welfare (DSW) -Implementing Agency under MMYE
LEAP Beneficiaries Care Givers Grant Scheme for Orphan/Vulnerable Children (OVCs) (Conditional). Emphasis on: Children Affected By Aids (CABAs) Children with disabilities (CareGivers with Disabilities) Persons with Severe Disabilities (Unconditional) No Productive Capacity Social Grants for the extremely poor above 65 years (Unconditional) No Subsistence Support
LEAP CONDITIONALITIES Households Receiving Conditional Grants Must: Enrol and retain all school going age children in the household in public basic schools. Benefit from the Capitation Grant and the School Feeding Program. Must be card bearing members of the National Health Insurance Scheme. New born babies (0-18 months) must be registered with the Birth and Deaths Registry and complete the Expanded Programme on Immunisation. Ensure that no child in the household is trafficked or engaged in any activities constituting the Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL).
Complementary Programmes 1.Aged 65+ Livelihood Needs: Shelter Food Clothing Soap Water Complementary Programmes: NHIS Indigent Card Free Bus Ride Micronutrient Support/ Supplementary Feeding DSW Services 2. PWDs without Productive Capacity. Livelihood Needs: Food Clothing Soap Water Complementary Programmes: NHIS Indigent Card Free Bus Ride DSW Psycho-Social Support Services DSW Services 3. OVCs via Caregivers Scheme Livelihood Needs: Shelter Food Clothing Soap Water Education Complementary Programmes: Caregivers: NHIS Indigent Card Agric. Input Support Microfinance Skills Training for Caregivers DSW Services OVC: Education Capitation Grant School Feeding Programme Post Basic (15+): Skills Training/Apprenticeship National Youth Employment Programme (NYEP) DSW Services
LEAP 5-YEAR ROLL- OUT PLAN 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 No of Households 15,000 35,000 65,000 115,000 164,370 Districts Households per district Households per community (based on 3 communities per district in yr 1, 5 in subsequent years) 50 50 70 100 138 300 700 929 1,150 1,188 100 140 186 230 238 Households per community (based on 3 communities per district in yr 1, 5 in subsequent years) 167 200 229 230 238
LEAP PROGRAMME OVERVIEW LEAP 5-Year PILOT Programme 2008-2012 (NATIONWIDE): Target Groups: OVC, PWDs, Aged Poor 15,000 HH to Benefit (2008) 53 Districts Every Region Represented Social Grants- GHC 8.00 - GHC 15.00 Payments through Post-Office Payments made once every other month (double the amount is paid) 164,370 HH = 880,000 people Launched in March 2008 Approx. 6,400 HH have been assisted to date Approx. 32,000 Beneficiaries have been assisted Donors: GoG, UNICEF, DfID, WB
LEAP: KEY FACTS Affordability 5 year pilot < 1% of GDP Payment Amount: GHC 8 GHC 15 (Low Dependency, Duration of 3 years) Targeting Heavy using community/technology based approaches (i.e. CLIC, DLIC, Single Register) Household Distribution Extreme Poverty Rankings and Share by Regional Population distribution Approx. 40% of beneficiaries are children. Women preferred recipients Maximum impact at HH level Target Group: 20% of Extreme Poor (18.2%) GLSS 5 Linkages with Complementary Services
LEAP EMERGENCY PLAN Emergency Response Package to Rising Food Prices LEAP will target 20 most Food Insecure districts in Ghana (13 Northern Sector, 7 Southern Sector) Rapid Scale-up of LEAP to 35,000 HH in 2008 (20,000HH - Emergency, 15,000 Roll-Out) Flat Transfer of GHC15.00/HH Targeting approx. 210 HH/Districts nationwide Review of Targeting mechanism to include food security and nutrition indicators NHIS Premiums paid for Beneficiaries
LEAP EMERGENCY PLAN FLOOD AFFECTED, FOOD INSECURE FUNDING FROM WORLD BANK FIRST PAYMENT - END OF SEPT. 2008. TIMEBOUND (7-months) Retargeting for LEAP Roll-out
LEAP FINANCING 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 10% 13% 11% 13% 4% 8% 3% 11% 6% 2% 10% 4% 1% 9% 4% 0% 1% 50% 40% 30% 34% 58% 66% 72% 75% 88% 20% 10% 22% 0% 2,008 2,009 2,010 2,011 2,012 All extremely poor Cash Transfer Logistics Capacity Building and Training Human Resource Furniture and Equipment Sensitization and Publicity Sensistisation,Targeting and Identification of beneficiaries M&E Costs Contingency Cash transfer costs
LEAP FINANCING Cost-Transfer Ratios 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 2,008 2,009 2,010 2,011 2,012 All extremely poor Option1 Option2
IS LEAP SUSTAINABLE? Sustainability Indicators % shares of LEAP to: 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Govt Expenditure 0.12% 0.10% 0.13% 0.19% 0.23% Total MMYE allocation 25.44% 20.09% 31.93% 51.98% 71.63% Total Poverty reduction expenditure 0.59% 0.47% 0.64% 0.91% 1.10% Total GPRS allocation to Human Resource Development 0.27% 0.21% 0.29% 0.41% 0.49% Total NHI levy 3.61% 2.87% 3.96% 5.62% 6.74% Total Tax revenue 0.20% 0.16% 0.22% 0.31% 0.38% Total Direct taxes 0.74% 0.59% 0.81% 1.15% 1.38% HIPC Assistance Grants 4.83% 3.83% 5.30% 7.52% 9.01% Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative Grants 13.72% 11.82% 17.47% 26.46% 33.92% Total nominal GDP 0.05% 0.04% 0.05% 0.07% 0.09% Source: Authors calculations based on MTEF
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