Realising the European Research Area (ERA) Key challenges European Commission Research Directorate-General Robert-Jan Smits 25/06/2009 1
Outline 1. Our global position in numbers 2. Ljubljana Process and ERA vision 2020 3. The five ERA initiatives and other ERA building blocks 25/06/2009 2
1. Our global position in numbers 25/06/2009 3
4 The challenges: Globalisation of Research Over 75% of global research investment is made outside the EU Our share is decreasing due to new global players in S&T Europe must invest more while opening up to the world
5 Evolution of World Shares 50 45 GERD PATENTS % 40 35 30 25 38,6 34,6 26,4 24,4 24,4 30,2 39,7 33,1 36,0 30,9 23,9 20 15 10 10,5 10,8 14,5 9,8 12,0 5 0 US EU-27 Main Asian Economies Rest of the World US EU-27 Main Asian Economies Rest of the World 2000 2006 (PATENTS refer to 2005) ource: DG Research STC key figures report 2008 Data: Eurostat, OECD, UNESCO
6 EU is increasing its investments in research All Member States respond by increasing their R&D investments in real terms 17 Member States even managed to increase their R&D intensity since 2000
7 G ro s s D o m e s tic E x p e n d itu re o n R & D (G E R D ) - re a l g ro w th (% ) b e tw e e n 2 0 0 0 a n d 2 0 0 7 ( 1 ) 3 5. 5 % 3 1.4 % 2 8.6 % 2 7. 2 % 2 6. 6 % 2 4. 4 % 1 9.6 % 1 5. 6 % 1 2. 2 % 1 1.9 % 9. 8 % 8.8 % 7.9 % 6. 7 % 6. 7 % 4.8 % 7 7. 0 % 7 2.8 % 7 1. 8 % 6 7. 7 % 6 0.8 % 5 3.0 % 4 9.6 % 1 1 6.8 % 1 3 7.1 % 1 3 3. 4 % 1 4 6. 4 % 2 2 1. 0 % Es to n ia L a tvia L ith u a n ia C yp r u s R o m a n ia S p a in C z e c h R e p u b lic Ir e la n d P o r tu g a l H u n g a r y A u s tr ia S lo ve n ia B u lg a r ia L u x e m b o u r g Fin la n d D e n m a r k Gr e e c e M a lta EU -2 7 Ita ly U K Ge r m a n y Fr a n c e B e lg iu m S lo va k ia N e th e r la n d s P o la n d S w e d e n 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 %
8 EU s overall R&D intensity stagnates However the EU s R&D intensity has stagnated while Asia s is growing strongly and the USA maintains far higher investments
Evolution of R&D Intensity 9 4 R&D Intensity (GERD as % of GDP) 4 3 3 2 2 1 1,85 1,83 2,73 2,67 3,04 3,40 2,39 3,22 0,90 1,42 1 0 EU-27 US Japan South Korea China 2000 2007 (1)
10 R & D I n t e n s i t y ( G E R D a s % o f G D P ), 2 0 0 7 ( 1 ) 2, 0 8 1, 8 7 1, 8 3 1, 7 6 1, 7 0 1, 6 5 1, 6 3 1, 5 4 1, 5 3 1, 4 4 1, 4 2 1, 2 7 1, 2 4 1, 1 8 1, 1 4 0, 9 7 0, 8 6 0, 8 2 0, 6 0 0, 5 9 0, 5 8 0, 5 7 0, 5 6 0, 5 3 0, 4 8 0, 4 6 0, 4 5 2, 9 0 2, 7 7 2, 6 7 2, 6 5 2, 5 5 2, 5 3 3, 2 2 3, 4 0 3, 3 9 3, 6 4 4, 7 4 I s r a e l S w e d e n J a p a n F i n l a n d S o u t h K o r e a S w i t z e r l a n d I c e l a n d U S A u s t r i a D e n m a r k G e r m a n y F r a n c e B e l g i u m E U - 2 7 U K N e t h e r l a n d s N o r w a y L u x e m b o u r g C z e c h R e p u b l i c S l o v e n i a I r e l a n d C h i n a S p a i n E s t o n i a P o r t u g a l I t a l y H u n g a r y C r o a t i a L i t h u a n i a M a l t a L a t v i a T u r k e y G r e e c e P o l a n d R o m a n i a B u l g a r i a S l o v a k i a C y p r u s 0 1 2 3 4 5
11 What are the main reasons for the R&D intensity gap with the US and Japan?
A low intensity of private sector R&D investments Evolution of GERD financed by sector as % of GDP 4 EU-27 US Japan South Korea China GERD financed by sector as % of GDP 3 2 1 0,64 0,63 1,05 1,00 0,71 1,90 0,76 1,69 0,60 2,20 0,55 2,62 0,57 1,73 0,74 2,43 0,30 0,35 0,98 0,52 0 2000 2005 2000 2006 2000 2006 2000 2006 2000 2006 Business enterprise Government Other national sources Abroad Source: DG Research STC key figures report 2008 Data: Eurostat, OECD 12
13 linked to the EU s industrial structure manufacturing value added - % distribution by type of industry 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 11,9 18,4 16,6 31,4 25,7 30,8 26,8 25,6 23,9 31,1 32 25,8 0 high-tech medium-hightech medium-lowtech low-tech EU-27 US JP
14 EU s assets in research The EU is still the largest producer of scientific publications The EU has a growing pool of researchers The EU is increasingly attractive for foreign research investments
Number of doctoral graduates in 2005 and average annual growth 2000-2005 15
16 Effect of the crisis on R&D investment Overall private investment in R&D likely to be cut, especially in high-tech SMEs Public support to R&D has an essential counter-cyclical role to play European Council, 20 March 2009 called for «steppingup and improvingthe qualityof investment in research, knowledge and education»
2. Ljubljana Process & ERA vision 2020 25/06/2009 17
18 Ljubljana Process We need to develop a well-organised partnership between the Member States, Associated States and the Commission to exchange information and to steer all initiatives in a coherent way. A common long-term visionfor the future of ERA as the basis for our future actions and initiatives Better governance, notably with better political steering at the ministerial level, is needed. 25/06/2009 2. ERA vision & Ljubljana process
ERA Vision 2020 ERA Vision 2020 adopted at Competitiveness Council on 2 December 2008 By 2020, all actors fully benefit from the Fifth Freedom across the ERA: free circulation of researchers, knowledge and technology. The ERA provides attractive conditions and effective and efficient governance for doing research and investing in R&D intensive sectors in Europe. It creates strong added value by fostering a healthy Europe-wide scientific competition whilst ensuring the appropriate level of cooperation and coordination. It is responsive to the needs and ambitions of citizens and effectively contributes to the sustainable development and competitiveness of Europe. 25/06/2009 2. ERA vision & Ljubljana process 19
Excellent research institutions and universities Single labour market for researchers ERA ERA building blocks World-class research infrastructures Well-coordinated research programmes and priorities (joint programming) Opening of the ERA to the world Effective knowledge sharing 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 20
3. The five ERA initiatives and other ERA building blocks 25/06/2009 21
Key Challenges: European Partnership for Researchers Ensure quality and availability of researchers across Europe and raise the attraction of Europe to the best research talents world-wide Increasing competition, globally and with other economic sectors Demographic developments affecting Europe's research workforce Europe's goal to increase public and private investments in R&D Mainstream mobility between institutions, between sectors and across borders, based on the brain circulation paradigm 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 22
23 European Partnership for Researchers Focus actions at national and European level in four key areas: Open recruitment and portability of grants Meeting social security and supplementary pension needs of mobile researchers Attractive employment and working conditions Enhancing training, skills and experience of researchers Next steps: Member States to plan/act at national level based on common objectives Progress together at European level through the ERA Human Resources and Mobility Steering Group (adapted mandate), chaired by MS Czech Presidency conference to kick-start the implementation and to involve researchers and key stakeholders Reporting on progress in 2009 and evaluation in 2010
Key Challenges : Science and Technology must contribute to solving major societal challenges Benefits not optimiseddue to compartmentalisation of public research funding in the EU National research programmeshave their place but are not equipped to tackle major European societal problems by themselves Response to challenges : Commission Communication on Joint Programming in research (July 2008), Council Conclusions adopted December 2008 Member States engaging Voluntary and on the basis of variable geometry Joint Programming in Research based on a common visionon how to address major societal challenges in the definition, development and implementation of common strategic research agendas 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 24
25 General Timetable Joint Programming in Research P H A S E 1 P H A S 13/2, 15/4, 23/6/09 Throughout 2009 End 2009-2010 Meetings of Joint Programming Group Consultation of Stakeholders by Member States, proposals to GPC Identification of Joint Programming themes by the group Commission prepares proposal for Council Recommendation on the basis of themes identified by the Joint Programming Group 2010 Council adopts Recommendation, launching the selected Initiatives Setting up of management structures, development of visions, drafting of the Strategic Research Agendas, pooling the resources, analysis of the potential of existing instruments or the need for new ones. Commission supports as deemed necessary. E 2 by end 2010 Implementation. Launch of first joint activities, first report to Council
World-class research infrastructures - Essential for Europe s researchers to stay at the forefront of research development - Key component of Europe s competitiveness in both basic and applied research Key Challenges: - Toovercome fragmentation in Europe in the field of Research Infrastructures - To improve the efficiency of services and access to European Research Infrastructures - To cope with their increasing cost and complexity - To further develop and better exploit the potential of e- infrastructures 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 26
World-class research infrastructures Response to challenges: - Integration of existing Research Infrastructures - ESFRI roadmap for new Infrastructures (updated on December 9, 2008) 44 Projects - A new Community legal framework, to ease the setting up of new European Research Infrastructures (ERIC, July 2008) Next steps: - Implement the ESFRI roadmap (national support) - Continue developing a Research Infrastructures policy at EU level - Clear up the issue of the status of ERIC as an international organisation - ERIC on the agenda of the May Competitiveness Council 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 27
28 Opening of ERA to the world Key Challenges: Globalisation and global challenges (e.g. climate change, energy security) Europe has thousands of links with other parts of the world on many levels: national and European bilateral agreements, inter-institutional collaborations and researcher to researcher contacts. This is a source of great scientific opportunity, enrichment and stimulation, as well as a source of new markets for European products and services. However there is currently no strategy at European level to exchange information about the activities deriving from these contacts, nor to permit an adequate level of coordination among the activities where or joint actions appropriate.
Next steps: Opening of ERA to the world Member States and the European Commission to collaborate within a Strategic Forum for International Cooperation (SFIC) to identify common priorities which could lead to coordinated or joint initiatives and positions vis-à-vis third countries and international fora. Questions: What, in youropinion, are the main issues the Forum should address? Whatnational implementationactivitiesdo youforeseeto makeprogresson the European partnership for international S&T cooperation? 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 29
Knowledge transfer and IP management Key Challenges: To enhance the impact of public research on European socioeconomic growth by strengthening knowledge transfer between Public Research Organisations (PROs) and the private sector at national, European and international levels. To achieve this, PROs(including universities) need to manage more effectively the Intellectual Property resulting from their research and develop relations with the private sector that promote knowledge transfer and use. 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 30
Knowledge transfer and IP management Response to challenges: Commission Recommendation and Code of Practice was adopted in April 2008. Consists of: Key principles for improving national Intellectual Property (IP)and knowledge transfer policies. Guidance for PROsto set up institutional policies and knowledge transfer systems. Council Resolution endorsing and supporting Recommendation and Code of Practice adopted in May 2008. 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 31
Next steps: Knowledge transfer and IP management Member States and Commission: CREST groupto monitor and evaluate the take-up and impact of the Recommendation; exchange best practices; develop guidelines. Stakeholders and Commission: Knowledge transfer forum forumto discuss implementation of the Code of Practice, exchange best practices, and work on issues of common interest (e.g. international aspects, model contracts). Member States and Stakeholder events to discuss national implementationof Recommendation and Code of Practice, actions to develop national policies and guidelines. Stakeholder events to disseminate Code of Practice Commission will monitor progress and report in 2010, based on indicators and national reports. 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 32
Research institutions Excellent research institutions, including universities: key players in the knowledge-based economy development, at the heart of the knowledge triangle No separate ERA initiative, but elements firmly incorporated in the initiatives, e.g. on researchers and on knowledge transfer Delivery on COM modernisation agenda for universities: education, research and innovation : research excellence, governance, funding, partnerships with business, knowledge exchange, networking, Largely in hands of Member States and research instititutions themselves; European level and national actions politically endorsedby the November2007 Council resolutionon the modernisation of universities for Europe s competitiveness 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 33
Beyond the five initiatives The five initiatives and their future implementation mark important milestones in the further development of ERA but there are many other issues to be addressed Other current initiatives contributing to advancement of the ERA: European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET) Maritime research strategy ERC European Institute of Technology European Technology Platforms (ETP) JTIs, Art. 169s Strengthening of synergies between FP7, CIP and Structural Funds Member States and stakeholders encouraged to identify other challenges and initiatives 25/06/2009 3. The five ERA initiatives 34
The role of TAFTIE Active participant in the overall debate on ERA Potential role in the development of the ERA initiatives: Joint Programming OpeningERA to the world Knowledge transfer and IPR management Other(set plan, ETPs) 35
36 Thankyoufor yourattention Robert-Jan Smits