The Bubble, the Burst and Now What Happened to the Consumer? Joe Mellman Vice President, Financial Services TransUnion

The Bubble, the Burst and Now What Happened to the Consumer? Joe Mellman Vice President, Financial Services TransUnion

How did the financial crisis affect consumers and how have they fared since? 1 2 3 In the Bubble... What did the credit health of the population look like? In the Burst, for that Bubble population... How was their credit health impacted? What did the credit health of the population look like? Currently, for that impacted population... How have they recovered? What does their credit health look like? Card, Auto, Personal Finance (non-mortgage) Mortgage 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 2

The financial crisis A reminder

House price index (indexed to, 2004) The transition from Bubble to Burst is marked by the peak in the house price index 120 110 100 90 80 2004 Bubble 2005 2006 2007 Burst 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2014 Single-family annual home sales rate (in millions of units) Source: Oxford Economics 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 4

Mortgage borrowers currently 60 days or more past due rate Mortgage delinquency and unemployment peaked at the end of the Burst 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Bubble Burst 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% Unemployment rate 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0% Source: Delinquency rate: TransUnion depersonalized credit database Unemployment rate: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 5

Mortgage Credit Availability Index (indexed to 100 at Q3, 2012) Mortgage availability started to decline around the Burst; balances took a while to catch up 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2004 Bubble 2005 2006 2007 Burst 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 $14 $13 $12 $11 $10 $9 $8 $7 $6 Total single-family mortgage balances (in trillions) Source: Mortgage Credit Availability Index: Mortgage Bankers Association Mortgage balances: Federal Reserve 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 6

How have consumers fared? Card, Auto, and Personal Finance (non-mortgage)

We start by looking at consumers credit score tier distribution in the Bubble (December 2006) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 180 million 45 Million 35 Million 29 Million 24 Million 47 Million 25% 19% 16% 13% 26% We follow all consumers through the Burst to today VantageScore 3.0 Super Prime >780 Prime Plus 721-780 Prime 661-720 Near Prime 601-660 Subprime < _ 600 0% Bubble (2006) Burst (2009) Current (2014) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 8

We identified impacted consumers as those who dropped at least one credit score tier between the Bubble and Burst VantageScore 3.0 VantageScore 3.0 Super Prime >780 Prime Plus 721-780 Super Prime >780 Prime Plus 721-780 Prime 661-720 Near Prime 601-660 Subprime < _ 600 Bubble (2006) 38.7 million consumers were impacted Prime 661-720 Near Prime 601-660 Subprime < _ 600 Burst (2009) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 9

In general, higher credit score tiers were impacted less than lower score tiers % of population impacted Impacted Not Impacted 21% 79% 30% 70% 36% 64% 35% 65% Bubble score tier - 2006 (VantageScore 3.0) Impacted consumers (in millions) Super Prime Prime Plus Prime Near Prime 43% >780 721-780 661-720 601-660 9.5 10.5 10.4 8.3 TOTAL = 38.7 Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 10

But overall, consumer credit score tier distributions did not significantly shift 100% 80% 60% 40% 43% 180 million 45 Million 25% 49 Million 35 Million 19% 32 Million 29 Million 16% 26 Million 24 Million 24 Million 13% 180 million VantageScore 3.0 27% 18% 15% 13% Super Prime >780 Prime Plus 721-780 Prime 661-720 Near Prime 601-660 Subprime < _ 600 20% 47 Million 26% 50 Million 28% 0% Bubble (2006) Burst (2009) Current (2014) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 11

Today over half of the impacted (as of the Burst) population has not yet recovered to where they were in the Bubble 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Current (2014) score tier distribution for impacted population 59% 66% 56% 51% VantageScore 3.0 Super Prime >780 Prime Plus 721-780 Prime 661-720 Near Prime 601-660 Subprime < _ 600 58% Population still impacted 0% Bubble score tier - 2006 Super Prime Prime Plus Prime Near Prime Consumers currently impacted - 2014 (in millions) 5.6 6.9 5.8 4.0 TOTAL = 22.3 Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 12

Even though a significant percentage of impacted consumers have not yet recovered, the overall population has improved 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 43% 180 million 180 million 45 Million 25% 49 Million 27% 53 Million 35 Million 19% 32 Million 29 Million 16% 26 Million 24 Million 24 Million 13% 47 Million 26% 50 Million 18% 15% 13% 28% 180 million VantageScore 3.0 31 Million 30 Million 25 Million 42 Million 29% 17% 17% 14% 23% Super Prime >780 Prime Plus 721-780 Prime 661-720 Near Prime 601-660 Subprime < _ 600 0% Bubble (2006) Burst (2009) Current (2014) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 13

How have consumers fared? Mortgage

Number of consumers (in millions) We start by looking at consumers in the Bubble and identify who had a mortgage between the Bubble and Burst 180 150 120 102 57% Between the Bubble and Burst: Without a mortgage With a mortgage 90 60 30 78 43% We follow all consumers through the Burst and today 0 Bubble (2006) Burst (2009) Current (2014) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 15

We then identify which of those mortgagors were impacted in the Burst Had a mortgage between the Bubble and Burst Had a mortgage in the Burst that was 60+ days past due OR Lost their mortgage between the Bubble and Burst without paying as agreed upon OR Had a mortgage loan modification between the Bubble and Burst Mortgage closed with 60+ days past due OR Mortgage closed with remark indicating it was closed in a non-satisfactory way (e.g., short sale) 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 16

Then we looked at who from the impacted population (mortgagors hurt by the Burst) has recovered by December 2014 Recovered Meet agency underwriting guidelines* Did not recover Do not meet agency underwriting guidelines* * Fannie Mae Selling Guidelines 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 17

Agency selling guidelines* (1/2) Time dependent DEROGATORY ITEM OR MORTGAGE TRADE STATUS Foreclosure completed greater than 7 years ago Deed-in lieu of foreclosure, short sale, or mortgage charge-off completed greater than 4 years ago No mortgage tradelines greater than or equal to 60 days past due in the last 12 months BANKRUPTCY Chapter 7 bankruptcy Discharged or Dismissed greater than 4 years ago Chapter 13 bankruptcy Discharged greater than 2 years ago Chapter 13 bankruptcy Dismissed greater than 4 years ago For multiple bankruptcy filings, most recent Discharge or Dismissal is greater than 5 years ago * Fannie Mae Selling Guidelines 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 18

Agency selling guidelines* (2/2) Not solely time dependent No unpaid judgments, garnishments, or outstanding liens No tradelines that are currently past due FICO credit score greater than or equal to 620 * Fannie Mae Selling Guidelines 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 19

Number of consumers (in millions) 7 million consumers who had a mortgage were impacted in the Burst 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 78 43% Bubble (2006) 72 7 Burst (2009) 92% 8% Current (2014) With a mortgage Not impacted Impacted Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 20

Number of consumers (in millions) 7 million consumers who had a mortgage were impacted in the Burst 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 78 43% Bubble (2006) 72 Burst (2009) 92% 7 8% 5.7 1.2 18% Current (2014) 82% With a mortgage Not impacted Impacted Recovered Not Recovered Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 21

Not solely time dependent criteria For those who didn t recover (do not meet agency selling guidelines) yet, we estimate when they will One conservative estimation approach Time dependent criteria Determine when enough time has elapsed to meet the criteria Unpaid judgements, garnishments, or outstanding liens Tradelines past due Assume they don t get paid and will roll off the credit report 7 years after they first appear If tradeline is 30 days past due, assume consumer will cure the following month If tradeline is 60+ days past due, assume it will roll to charge-off Credit score If credit score was <620 in the Bubble (2006) and Currently (2014), assume it will not reach 620 going forward* If credit score was >620 in the Bubble (2006), assume it will reach >620 when all other criteria are satisfied Exception: if the consumer has a charge-off, we assume their score will rise to 620 24 months after charge-off first appeared *Conservative approach to estimate number of consumers that might not be able to re-enter the mortgage market Note: VantageScore 3.0 used as consumer credit score 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 22

Estimation illustration 1 Consumer A ILLUSTRATIVE 2006 Credit Score: > 620 2014 Credit Score: 700 Foreclosure Date: Aug 2009 7 years passed Ch 7 BK Discharge Date: None Non-mortgage Charge-off Date: None Aug 2009: Foreclosure process initiated Aug 2016: Foreclosure recovered from Assume to be agency eligible Dec 2006: Mortgage originated Feb 2011: Foreclosure collateral sold 2006 2010 2014 2018 2020 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 23

Estimation illustration 2 ILLUSTRATIVE Consumer B 2006 Credit Score: > 620 2014 Credit Score: 610 Foreclosure Date: None Ch 7 BK Discharge Date: Aug 2009 Non-mortgage Charge-off Date: May 2013 Aug 2009: Ch 7 Bankruptcy discharge 4 years passed May 2013: Non-mortgage charge-off reported Aug 2013: Ch 7 Bankruptcy recovered from 2 years passed May 2015: Non-mortgage charge-off recovered from Dec 2008: Ch 7 Bankruptcy filed Assume to be agency eligible 2006 2010 2014 2018 2020 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 24

Over the next 6 years, the number of consumers recovering could nearly double Recovered Not Recovered Consumers (in millions) 1.2 5.7 Current (2014) Consumers newly meeting agency telling guidelines (in millions) 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 > _ 2020 3.2 million (46%) consumers with credit scores below 620 in the Bubble (2006) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 25

Recovered and not-yet-recovered consumers represent a material purchase and refinance opportunity Recovered Potential current opportunity Not Recovered Consumers (in millions) 0.7 0.5 58% 42% Purchase Refinance Currently Without a mortgage 1.2 With a mortgage 5.7 Current (2014) Potential opportunity as consumers recover Mostly purchase (with limited refinance for consumers with healthy loan modifications) Source: TransUnion depersonalized credit database 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 26

Lenders can use these insights to explore a number of potential applications 1. Improve or create triggers/prescreen programs to identify when impacted consumers qualify, so you can tailor collateral addressing their journey (i.e., mortgagor impacted recovered) and potential concerns about re-entering the mortgage market after their experiences 2. Identify impacted consumers likely to recover soon in your existing credit education programs; educate them on re-entering the mortgage space; this could generate good will for when the consumer fully recovers and is deciding with whom to book a mortgage 3. Inform operations and marketing capacity/budgeting planning 2015 TransUnion LLC All Rights Reserved 27