ECONOMIC REFERENCE Moscow and the Moscow Region The Moscow macroregion (the Moscow Agglomeration), consisting of two Russian constituent units: Moscow and the Moscow Region, plays a key role s economic, political and cultural life. This is mainly due to the huge importance of the city of Moscow, which along with being home to national investment centre of Russia. However, the close social and economic links between Moscow and the Moscow Region mean that the two areas are generally considered as one. Territory Moscow and the Moscow Region are located on the Eastern European Plain in a temperate continental climate zone. On 1 January 01, the city of Moscow covered 1,100 sq.km and the Moscow Region occupied,800 sq.km. 1 Together, the two areas make up 0.% of Russian territory. Population and income levels Moscow and the Moscow Region have the largest populations of all Russian regions. 11. million people live in Moscow, 7. million of whom are able to work. Unemployment stands at 1.%, the lowest rate of any Russian constituent unit. The average monthly money income is 7.19 roubles ($1, ). The Moscow Region is home to 7. million people,. million of whom are able to work. Unemployment in the region is.7%. The region s average monthly money income is.0 roubles ($89). Transport Infrastructure The Moscow macroregion is Russia s largest transport hub. The city and the region boast well-developed rail, air, road and water transport systems, including the three international airports of Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo and Vnukovo. There are nine railway stations in Moscow. The most popular form of transport in Moscow is the metro system, which has over 00 km of track and 188 stations. It is used by. million people every day, making it the second-busiest in the world. In addition to this, million people use surface transport in Moscow every day. Gross Regional Product Moscow is way ahead of Russia's other regions - the Tyumen Region comes second with a gross regional product equal to.9 bln roubles (7.% of Russia's GDP). Moscow's GRP (roubles) the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 8.0 bln +1,% 009 008 007 00 1 Hereinafter data for the city of Moscow and for the Moscow Region is given without considering 7.17 bln -1,8% 8.9 bln +7,7%.9 bln +8,%.0 bln +10,7% Data as for at current prices (01)
The Moscow Region is the fourth-ranked Russian region in terms of GRP: 1.797 bln roubles (% of Russia's GDP). The combined GRP for Moscow and the Moscow Region amounts to 10.198 bln roubles or.% of the Russian Federation's GDP. GRP growth rates for Moscow and the Moscow Region in stand at 1.% and 7.7% respectively. The Moscow Region's GRP (roubles) the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 1.797 bln +7,7% 009 008 1.19 bln -9,% 1. bln +8,% 007 00 1.9 bln +10,% 9 bln +8,7% Sectoral Structure of Economy Trade dominates the structural sector of Moscow s economy, accounting for 7.7% of GRP; real estate equals 0.7%, manufacturing 1.7%, transport and communications 9.% and public utilities (energy, Region s economy together generate 7.% of GRP. Sectoral Structure of Moscow's GRP Sectoral Structure of the Moscow Region's GRP 1 1 1. Trade 7,7%. Real estate 0,7%. Manufacturing 1,7%. Transport and communications 9,%. Public utilities (energy, gas and water),%. Other 1% Foreign Investment 1. Trade,%. Manufacturing 1,%. Real estate 1,%. Transport and communications 9,%. Construction,8%. Other,% Moscow is the most attractive region in the Russian Federation for foreign investors: in 011, the Russian capital accumulated 1.1 bln dollars, accounting for.% of all foreign investment 's and.8% of all foreign investment. Foreign investment in Moscow ($) 011 1,1 bln +8%, bln +0,% 011 as compared with 009 +198 % 009 1, bln +1,% In real terms Data as for
Trade wholesale and retail trade turnover among the regions of the Russian Federation. Retail turnover in 011 in Moscow amounted to. bln roubles (17.% of Russia's retail trade) and 1.08 bln roubles in the Moscow Region (.% of Russia's retail trade). Growth rates for retail turnover in 011 amounted to.% and 10.8% for Moscow and the Moscow Region respectively. Moscow's retail turnover is dominated by food and drink products 0.% and 9.% accounts for non-food goods; in the Moscow Region, the ratio for food and non-food goods stands at.9% and.1% respectively. Wholesale turnover for 011 in Moscow amounted to 1.110 bln roubles and. bln roubles in the Moscow Region. The combined wholesale turnover for Moscow and the Moscow Region is 19.0 bln roubles, accounting for almost half (9.%) of Russia' wholesale trade. New Moscow On 1 July 01, a decree of the Moscow City Duma, approved by the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, on changing the borders of Moscow and the Moscow Region, of 18 ha. in the Moscow Region s south-western sector. In relative terms, therefore, the city's area increased. times. This vast territorial gain meant that the Moscow mega-city had to push several key issues closer to being resolved, such as reducing the excessive concentration of jobs in Moscow's historic centre to alleviate the problem of residential overcrowding. The project proposes developing Moscow's macroregion into a polycentric structure: new centres of conurbation, which should remove the excessive load from Moscow. Moreover, the addition and development of new areas should create the tourism centre. The very concept of developing these new areas envisages dividing them into three zones, the closest of which is to house government and public innovative manufacturing plants and facilities are to be located in the middle zone; several national parks are being planned for the peripheral zone. The development programme for New Moscow, which is now becoming a reality, should not only resolve the urgent agglomeration issue, but should also enhance Moscow's economic potential, attract new investment, increase the city's budget revenue and accelerate the region's pace of economic development. Head office Sources Statistical Yearbook of Russia 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, December 01, www.gks.ru Regions of Russia: Social and Economic Indicators: 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, January 01, www.gks.ru Invest in Moscow // Department for External Economic and Relations of Moscow, February 01, www.investinmoscow.ru/ru/home/booklets Moscow. Expanding borders for the future // Moscow City Government, October 01 At current prices; as a percentage of the total volume of the region's retail turnover
ECONOMIC REFERENCE St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region St. Petersburg is a major economic, industrial, educational and tourism centre of the Russian Federation, and it is also the administrative centre of the country s North-West Federal Region. The city s rich architectural and cultural heritage is valued around the world, and some of its buildings and areas have been designated UNESCO World Heritage sites. St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region are separate regions within the Russian Federation (St. between them mean that they cannot be considered apart. Territory St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region are located in north-western Russia, in a temperate climate zone of the East European Plain. Their locations are advantageous the regions border the two EU countries of Finland and Estonia, and they have access to the Baltic Sea. The Leningrad Region covers 8,900 sq km and St. Petersburg covers 1,00 sq km. This total of 8,00 sq km is 0.% of the total area of the Russian Federation. Population St. Petersburg has the second-highest population of all Russian regions and the Leningrad Region the 7th highest. On 1 January 01.9 million people lived in the city of St. Petersburg (over million by September 01), million able to work. Unemployment stands at 1.9% (the second-lowest ), and the average monthly wage is,99 roubles ( 0). The Leningrad Region has a population of 1.7 million, 1 million able to work, and an unemployment rate of.%. The average monthly wage is 1,9 roubles ( 98). Transport Infrastructure The two regions form the second-largest transport hub, with well-developed water, rail, air and road transport links. The Port of St. Petersburg handles a large portion of the international freight that is traded between Russia and the EU. Pulkovo Airport is Russia s fourth-largest airport in terms of passenger numbers, trailing only the airports of the Moscow Region. The main urban transport system in St. Petersper day. Gross Regional Product The gross regional product (GRP) of St. Petersburg is 1 trillion 7 billion roubles ( billion, putting it in th place among Russia s regions), or.% of Russia s GDP. St. Petersburg s GRP (roubles) the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 1.7 bln +,% 009 008 1.7 bln -,7% 1. bln +9,% 007 00 1.00 bln +1,1% 8 bln +8,% 1 Data as for 1 January 01 / for 011 Data as for at 01 prices
The GRP of the Leningrad Region is 0 billion roubles ( 1. billion), accounting for 1.% of Russia s GDP. GRP growth rates in were.% for St. Petersburg and.% for the Leningrad Region. The Leningrad Region's GRP (roubles) the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 0 bln +,% 009 0 bln -0,% 008 8 bln +,% 007 09 bln +,% 00 bln +11,% Sectoral Structure of Economy Accounting for.1% of the city s GDP, manufacturing is the predominant sector of St. Petersburg s economy, followed by trade with 18.7%, real estate with 18.%, transport and communications with 9.9%, Two main sectors contribute the most to the Leningrad Region s economy: manufacturing with.8% of the region s GRP and construction with.%. Transport and communications follow with 11.9%, trade region s GRP. Sectoral Structure of St. Petersburg s GRP Sectoral Structure of the Leningrad Region's GRP 1 1 1. Manufacturing,1%. Trade 18,7%. Real estate 9,9%. Transport and communications 7,8%. Other 1,% 1. Manufacturing,8%. Construction,%. Transport and communications 11,9%. Trade 10,%. Public utilities (energy, gas and water),8%. Other % Foreign Investment St. Petersburg received $.11 billion (.8 billion) of foreign investment in 011 0.8% of Russia s total, the th largest total. In this same period the Leningrad Region attracted $71 million ( 7 million) of foreign investment, 0.% of all foreign investment. Foreign investment in St. Petersburg ($) 011,11 bln + 17%,1 bln -,% 011 as compared with 009 009, bln -,8% +10,8 % Data as for
Trade With 7.1 billion roubles ( 18. billion) in 011, or.9% of the country s total, St. Petersburg has the - grad Region. Retail trade turnover grew by 0.% in St. Petersburg and by 1.9% in the Leningrad Region. Non-food products accounted for 1.% of the total in St. Petersburg and.1% in the Leningrad Region. St. Petersburg s wholesale trade turnover was trillion 7 billion roubles ( 8.9 billion) in 011, putting the city in rd place with 7% of the total. The Leningrad Region s wholesale trade turnover was 79. billion roubles (.99 billion). This represented a growth of 8.% for St. Petersburg and.% for the Leningrad Region in 011. Programmes for socio-economic development and enhancing the investment climate in St. Petersburg The main medium-term development areas for the city were laid out in a St. Petersburg governmental resolution On a programme to improve the investment climate in St. Petersburg from 011 to 01 and in the Programme for socio-economic development of St. Petersburg from 01 to 01 prepared by the city s government. The socio-economic development programme for the city includes four key aims: creating well-paid jobs, consolidating the population, reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy, and providing citizens with accommodation and developing housing and communal services and transport infrastructure. The objectives contain key achievement benchmarks for example, the average monthly wage in the city is to reach,00 roubles ( 1,090) by 01, the share of industrial companies using technological innovations is to rise to %, and life expectancy is to rise to 7. The programme to attract investment in the city s economy includes the following measures: enhancing St. Petersburg s investment climate; developing territorial areas and opening innovative infrastructure facilities such as technoparks and business incubators; developing the labour market; improving domestic legislation dealing with investment activity; creating specialised government bodies to provide for interaction between investors, and more. The programme is expected to increase investment potential, reduce investment risks, and increase investment activity in St. Petersburg. This will ultimately help to increase government income and boost GRP and production levels. Head office Sources Statistical Yearbook of Russia 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, December 01, www.gks.ru Regions of Russia: Social and Economic Indicators: 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, January 01, www.gks.ru Programme for socio-economic development of St. Petersburg from 01 to 01 // Government of St. Petersburg, gov.spb.ru On a programme to improve the investment climate in St. Petersburg from 011 to 01 // Government of St. Petersburg, 01, gov.spb.ru
ECONOMIC REFERENCE and the Sverdlovsk Region is the centre of the agglomeration, the third-largest after Moscow and St. Petersburg. It is among the most promising centres for rapid economic growth in the country. is the administrative centre and largest city of the Sverdlovsk Region, as well as being its political, economic, cultural and educational centre. The city is also the centre of the Ural Federal District. The Sverdlovsk Region is an economically developed region with high levels of business, cultural and social activity. Prospects for future development are favourable. Territory The Sverdlovsk Region is located within the Ural mountain range and the Eastern European and Western Siberian plains on the border between Europe and Asia. The region covers 19,00 sq km (1.1% of Russia s total area), with accounting for 91 sq km of this. Population With. million residents,. million of whom are capable of work, the Sverdlovsk Region is in the top,0 roubles (around 00). is Russia s fourth most-populated city with 1. million people. Unemployment stands at 0.7%, and the average monthly wage is 9, roubles (around 70). Transport Infrastructure and the Sverdlovsk Region are a key part of Russia s transport system, thanks to the region s location at the border between European and Asian Russia. Major roads, air routes and railways pass through the region, and Koltsovo Airport is one of the largest. The tram system carried the most passengers in in 011 109. million. Completing the list were buses (.7 million journeys), trolleybuses (. million), and the metro system, which consists of one line and nine stations (7. million). Gross Regional Product The GRP of the Sverdlovsk Region amounts to 1.0 billion roubles (19th place ), accounting for.% of Russia GDP. GRP growth rates for the Sverdlovsk Region in stand at 11.% (rd place ). The Sverdlovsk Region s GRP (roubles) the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 1. bln +11,% 009 008 007 8 bln -11,% 9 bln +,% 81 bln +9,% 00 bln +11,% 1 Data as for January,1, 01 / for 011 Data as for at current prices (01) In real terms Data as for
Sectoral structure of the economy Manufacturing is the predominant sector in the region, accounting for 9.% of its GDP. This is followed by retail with 0.%, transport and communications with 9.%, real estate with 8.%, and construction with.7% (a similar share is accounted for by electricity, gas and water supply). These six leading sectors, therefore, generate 79% of GRP. Sectoral Structure of the Sverdlovsk Region s GRP 1 7 Foreign Investment 1. Manufacturing 1,%. Trade,%. Transport and communications 9,%. Real estate 1,%. Construction,8%. Public utilities (energy, gas and water),% 7. Other,% In 011 the Sverdlovsk Region accumulated $1.7 billion, accounting for 0.8% of all foreign invest- Foreign investment in ($) 011 as compared with 009 1 011 1.8 bln +% 1. bln +11,% 009 1.7 bln -,% +1,7 % Trade The Sverdlovsk Region occupies third place in terms of the volume of retail trade turnover among the regions of the Russian Federation, bettered only by Moscow and the Moscow Region. Retail turnover in 011 in the Sverdlovsk Region amounted to 7. billion roubles (around 8. billion, % of Russia's retail trade). Growth for retail turnover was 9.1% in 011. Retail turnover in the Sverdlovsk Region is dominated by non-food goods.% and 7.7% accounts for food and drink products. Wholesale turnover for 011 in the Sverdlovsk Region amounted to 1. billion roubles (around 8 million) the third-highest and accounting for.9% of the country s total. Growth in wholesale turnover was 11% in 011. The Strategic Development Programme A comprehensive development strategy for up to 00 is set out by the Strategic Plan for Development of the City of, approved by the City Duma. The document includes an overview of the key socio-economic policy areas for the city, existing resources, and aims and challenges. As well as forming an idea of the chosen development path, it also lays out the of the Future. Key strategic areas and major aims to be achieved by 00: 1. Maintain and develop human potential: giving each person continuous and personalised educa-. At current prices; as a percentage of the total volume of the region's retail turnover.
incubators, etc. Creating technozones centres to develop high-tech solutions. Develop and modernise housing and communal services of the city: improving comfort, the safety of the city, and the quality of housing and communal services. Develop the goods and services market: using innovative production and distribution technology in the consumer market, bringing the city s business infrastructure to global standard, and boosting awareness of globally. Form a balanced transport system for the city: improving service quality, developing pedestrian and cycle paths and areas, expanding parking facilities and systems.. Form a comfortable and environmentally safe urban environment: moving towards sustainable environmental development, advanced technology, energy and resource-saving and green technologies. In conclusion, this development plan aims to create a comfortable living environment for s residents, use innovative approaches and technology in various economic sectors, and integrate the city into the global economy. Head office Sources: Statistical Yearbook of Russia 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, December 01, www.gks.ru Regions of Russia: Social and Economic Indicators: 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, January 01, www.gks.ru Results of Socio-Economic Development of the City of in 011 // City Government, May 01, www.ekburg.ru Strategic Plan for Development of the City of up to 00 // Strategic Development
ECONOMIC REFERENCE and the Region The Region is the most developed region in Siberia and an important Russian transport hub. The city of is the centre of both the region and of the Siberian Federal District. The city plays a key role in the economic and political life of its region, and it is a well-known centre for science and education. Territory The Region is located in the south-eastern part of the Western Siberian plain, in a continental climate zone. The region covers 177,800 sq km, 1% of Russia s total area. itself covers 0.1 sq km. Population and income levels.7 million people live in the Region, 1. million of whom are able to work. Unemployment stands at.8%, and the average monthly wage is 0,7 roubles ( 09). With a population of 1. million (% of the region s total), has the third-largest population of any city. Unemployment is 0.9% and the average monthly wage is,8 roubles ( 7). Transport Infrastructure As the key hub of Asian Russia, the Region is an important part of the country s transport infrastructurte. Major roads, air routes, waterways and railways pass through or over the region, which has,89 km of roads and 1,0 km of railway track. There are four railway stations in, and has a metro system consisting of two lines and 1 stations. It is the most popular method of transport in the city, carrying 7. million passengers in 011. In second place was the trolleybus system with.1 million passengers, which was followed by trams (19.7 million) and buses (1.7 million). Gross Regional Product The gross regional product (GRP) of the Region is 8 billion roubles ( 1.0 billion, putting it in 1st place among Russia s regions), making up 1% of the country s total. It grew by.% in. The Region s GRP (roubles) the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 8 bln +,% 009 008 bln -10,% +,7% 007 bln +11,7% 00 9 bln +8,% 1 Data as for 1 January 01 / for 011 Data as for at current prices In real terms
Sectoral structure of the economy A feature of the Region s economy is the contribution of four main sectors to its GRP: retail with 18.%, processing with 1.%, real estate with 1.8% and transport and communications with 1.8%. - birsk Region s GRP. Sectoral Structure of the Region s GRP 1 1. Trade 18,%. Manufacturing 1,%. Real estate 1,8%. Transport and communications 1,8%. Construction %. Other 9,7% Foreign Investment The Region received $ million ( 10 million) of foreign investment in 011 0.% of Russia s total, putting the region in 9th place nationally. Foreign investment in Region ($) 011 as compared with 009 +% Trade 009 With 8 billion roubles ( 9. billion) in 011, or 1.9% of the country s total, the Region has the 1th highest retail trade turnover. This represented a growth of 10.8% in 011. Non-food products accounted for 7.7% of this. Wholesale trade turnover was 0 billion roubles ( 1. billion) in 011, putting the region in 1th place with 1.% of the total. This represented a growth of 10.% in 011. Main objectives of the 01-01 socio-economic development programme 011 mln +,7% mln -,% 1 mln +,% The current aims of the city of s medium-term socio-economic policies have been set out - ment in up to 01 and the main challenges from 01 to 01. The document examines areas such as social policy, labour and production, the city government s employment policies, and devel- The expected results of key programmes in this document have brought about particular interest. For example, the average wage is expected to reach,17 roubles ( 90), a 8% increase on the current level of,8 roubles ( 7), which would mean a 1% annual increase in wages. In industry, total investment in large and mid-sized production facilities is set for a % increase by 01 up to 18. billion roubles ( million) from the current 11.7 billion roubles ( 9 million). Data as for In real terms as a percentage of the region s total retail trade turnover
roubles, or billion to.1 billion), with a slightly over twofold rise predicted for the Region for 01 to 01 (19. billion to 8.8 billion roubles,. billion to 7.17 billion). Total government revenues in the city should reach. billion roubles ( 908 million) in 01, and reduced by over 0% compared to forecasts for 01 (1.1 billion roubles to 0. billion, 0 million to 1. million). A sharp rise in education spending from.9% of the city budget in 011 to.1% in 01 also attracted attention when the report was published. On the whole, current socio-economic policies in are aimed at ensuring a comfortable living standard, increasing wages, boosting entrepreneurship, enhancing the city s investment appeal, Sources Statistical Yearbook of Russia 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federaion, December 01, www.gks.ru Regions of Russia: Social and Economic Indicators: 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, January 01, www.gks.ru Results of Socio-Economic Development of the City of up to 01 and the Main, www.novo-sibirsk.ru/upload/articles/709/itogi_01.pdf // www.economy.newsib.ru/economy/1/ Head office
ECONOMIC REFERENCE and the Region is the administrative centre of the Region, which is located at the southern edge of the Russian Federation. The Region is one of the fastest-growing areas of Russia. The rapid rise in business activity and the increased attention paid nowadays towards the region owes much to the large infrastructure projects taking place connected to the Sochi Winter Olympics, the World Cup 018 matches will stage, and the construction of the South Stream gas pipeline. The region s involvement in large projects such as these is creating extra opportunities for intensive economic development. Territory The Region is located in the south-western part of the North Caucasus region. The predominant climate type is temperate continental, although it is subtropical in parts. A key factor Black Sea and the Azov Sea. The region covers 7,00 sq km, 0.% of Russia s total area. itself covers 81. sq km. Population and income levels. million people live in the Region,.1 million of whom are able to work, putting the region in third place s population chart. Unemployment stands at %, and the average monthly wage is 1,870 roubles ( 7). has a population of 81,00 and an unemployment rate of 0.%. The average monthly wage is 9,00 roubles ( 70). Transport Infrastructure The region is an important part of Russia s transport sector. Its advantageous location has shaped the development of its transport sector, primarily water transport - nine Azov and Black Sea ports currently the region, two of which are international (Sochi and ), and the region also contains,700 km of railway and,000 km of road. Two major pipelines of strategic importance pass through the region Blue Stream (maximum discharge: 1 billion cubic metres of gas per year) and Tengiz-Novorossiysk (maximum discharge: 7 million tonnes of oil per year). In December 01 construction began on the South Stream pipeline, one of the world s biggest infrastructure projects which is set to diversify transit routes of Russian gas towards Europe. Scheduled for completion at the end of 01, the pipeline s maximum discharge will be billion cubic metres of gas per year. Gross Regional Product The gross regional product (GRP) of the Region is 1 trillion 8 billion roubles ( billion, putting it in 8th place among Russia s regions), making up.% of the country s total. It grew by.% in. The Region's GRP (roubles) and the growth rate of GRP volume (%) 1 trln +,% 009 008 007 00 8 bln 8 bln 80 bln 8 bln -1,8% +8,8% +10,% +10,7% 1 Data as for 1 January 01 / for 011 Nominal average monthly wage in large and mid-sized companies Data as for at 01 prices In real terms
Sectoral structure of the economy Trade accounts for 1.7% of the Region s GRP, construction for 1.%, transport and communications for 1.8%, agriculture for 1.% and the processing industry for 10.1%. Together, these Sectoral Structure of the Region sgrp 1 Foreign Investment The Region received $77 million ( 89 million) of foreign investment in 011 0.% of Russia s total, putting the region in th place nationally. Foreign investment in Region ($) 011 as compared with 009 009 80 bln +, % Trade 011 77 bln +1,% 1. Trade 1,7%. Construction 1,%. Transport and communications 1,8%. Agriculture 1,%. Manufacturing 10,1%. Other 8,9% bln -,% -0,9% With 71. billion roubles ( 18. billion) in 011, or.8% of the country s total, the Region has the th highest retail trade turnover. This represented a growth of.% in 011. Non-food products accounted for.% of this. Wholesale trade turnover was 7 billion roubles ( 18. billion) in 011, putting the region in th place with 1.9% of the total. This represented a growth of 11% in 011. Major socio-economic development strategy for the Region up to 00 Some key long-term challenges for the region s socio-economic policy have been laid out in a 008 law, passed by the region s Legislative Assembly and entitled A Socio-Economic Development Strategy for the Region up to 00. The law sets out four strategic development areas for the region: 1. Major enhancement of quality of life and life expectancy Main tasks: extending average life expectancy, developing healthcare systems with both regional and services and social infrastructure.. Ensuring fast and sustainable economic growth Main tasks: Diversifying the region s economy, improving the region s business climate and investment appeal, developing industrial infrastructure.. Creating potential for accelerated development main competitive advantages. Main tasks: Enhancing the region s strategic management, spatial development and territorial Head office Data as for In real terms as a percentage of the region s total retail trade turnover
Sources Statistical Yearbook of Russia 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, December 01, www.gks.ru Regions of Russia: Social and Economic Indicators: 01 // Federal State Statistics Department of the Russian Federation, January 01, www.gks.ru Region law: A Socio-Economic Development Strategy for the Region up to 00 // Legislative Assembly of the Region, April 008, www.krasnodar.ru Main results of the socio-economic development of the city of in 01 // City Administration, 01, www.krd.ru Head office