Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010 POPULATION Total population a million; as of 1 July 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.6 12.1 12.3 12.5 12.7 12.9 13.1 13.3 13.5 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.2 Population density persons per square kilometer 48 49 50 52 55 58 61 64 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Population annual change, percent 3.6 2.3 2.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 4.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 Urban population percent of total population 14.8 16.0 16.0 16.0 17.7 17.8 17.8 17.9 19.5 LABOR FORCE thousand; calendar year 5408.8 6359.2 7496.0 Employed 3941.2 3943.8 4931.8 4456.2 4429.7 4909.2 5519.0 5275.2 6243.3 6399.7 6947.6 7495.6 7649.4 7834.8 8038.2 8144.8 Agriculture 3192.4 2958.8 4013.5 3482.5 3491.9 3771.0 4213.6 3889.0 4384.3 4479.8 4499.8 4519.8 4612.6 4724.4 4750.1 4813.1 Manufacturing 89.3 134.0 108.5 168.8 144.4 159.0 258.9 367.3 544.8 556.4 634.2 712.1 726.7 744.3 685.6 694.7 Mining 5.3 7.9 5.6 1.0 8.0 6.4 5.5 3.3 13.5 10.8 12.9 15.0 15.3 15.7 16.2 16.4 Others 654.2 843.1 804.3 803.9 785.4 972.9 1041.0 1015.5 1300.7 1352.8 1800.7 2248.7 2294.8 2350.4 2586.3 2620.6 Unemployed 133.6 115.8 0.4 Unemployment rate percent 2.5 2.5 0.9 0.7 5.3 0.6 2.5 1.8 0.0 Labor force annual change, percent 17.6 Labor force participation rate percent 56.6 59.2 65.4 65.8 55.5 66.1 65.2 71.7 74.6 Male 58.1 59.0 65.8 66.2 56.5 66.3 66.2 72.1 78.9 Female 55.4 59.4 65.1 65.4 54.6 65.9 64.4 64.4 70.7 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS b billion Riels; calendar year At Current Prices GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 598.6 1336.0 2508.0 I 6793.5 7092.3 8437.7 9190.7 10129.5 11718.8 13407.5 14089.3 15578.7 16780.5 18535.2 21438.3 25754.3 29849.1 35039.3 44529.8 Agriculture 333.1 666.5 1198.3 I 3066.3 3224.1 4028.9 4080.3 4493.5 5211.7 5502.8 5065.0 5423.2 5223.6 5925.8 6300.7 7909.2 8972.4 10406.3 13593.3 Mining 3.1 4.7 8.5 I 13.1 15.9 19.4 19.5 20.4 19.2 26.4 33.5 39.8 47.7 57.9 73.8 96.7 114.8 133.2 164.6 Manufacturing 31.4 71.0 126.9 I 587.0 629.1 771.3 929.0 1180.9 1483.9 1765.2 2254.8 2637.7 2954.7 3374.2 4026.7 4585.5 5541.4 6072.6 6441.1 Electricity, gas, and water 2.2 7.0 16.3 I 24.1 30.8 36.0 44.0 49.2 59.2 56.8 58.1 69.6 82.1 92.8 109.9 123.6 164.2 194.6 211.9 Construction 30.1 79.0 178.2 I 237.3 299.2 376.2 386.8 411.9 396.0 564.5 731.6 750.3 985.4 1106.3 1287.6 1630.5 1995.0 2337.8 2571.5 Trade c 56.4 173.6 327.1 I 1147.6 1118.6 1236.0 1392.1 1522.0 1685.2 1895.3 2032.9 2276.6 2514.8 2481.1 2902.2 3481.0 3968.2 4645.1 5618.8 Transport and communications 22.5 43.2 86.1 I 373.2 394.8 441.2 522.0 562.5 635.3 810.7 930.1 998.6 1160.0 1245.6 1518.9 1903.8 2115.0 2423.4 3102.0 Finance d 41.0 92.8 172.2 I 646.0 478.9 559.9 623.5 698.9 834.2 894.2 1030.1 1119.6 1241.1 1473.3 1766.9 1994.9 2324.2 2688.4 5805.2 Public administration 28.3 62.5 108.4 I 142.2 228.5 233.7 296.2 305.0 333.2 388.6 376.6 359.2 390.5 405.7 419.1 463.9 515.1 667.7 767.8 Others e 41.8 113.8 206.4 I 377.2 355.0 412.8 476.8 471.3 590.8 751.7 861.4 1122.4 1291.3 1474.5 1815.6 2220.5 2634.0 3068.8 3559.8 Less: Imputed bank service charges I 15.0 17.0 73.0 63.0 123.0 124.0 114.0 155.0 139.0 151.1 167.2 206.2 252.9 290.5 386.2 442.6 Taxes less subsidies on products 8.8 22.0 79.6 I 194.5 334.4 395.3 483.5 536.9 594.1 865.3 870.2 920.7 1040.4 1065.2 1423.2 1597.5 1795.2 2787.6 3136.3 Net factor income from abroad -195.0-277.1-369.0-389.6-4055.2 GNI 21243.3 25477.2 29480.1 34649.7 40474.6 Structure of Output percent of GDP at current basic prices Agriculture 56.5 50.7 49.3 46.4 47.6 49.6 46.5 46.3 46.3 43.5 37.9 36.7 32.9 33.6 31.2 32.4 31.7 31.9 32.5 Industry 11.3 12.3 13.6 13.0 14.4 14.8 15.7 17.1 17.4 19.1 23.0 23.6 25.6 26.3 27.2 26.4 27.6 26.8 22.4 Services 32.2 37.0 37.1 40.6 38.0 35.5 37.7 36.6 36.3 37.5 39.1 39.7 41.5 40.1 41.7 41.2 40.8 41.3 45.1 Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 598.6 1336.0 2508.0 I 6793.5 7092.3 8437.7 9190.7 10129.5 11718.8 13407.5 14089.3 15578.7 16780.5 18535.2 21438.3 25754.3 29849.1 35039.5 44529.8 Private consumption f 541.3 992.0 2066.4 I 6713.0 6571.0 7812.0 8749.0 8932.0 10887.0 11732.0 12211.0 12948.6 14078.4 15490.2 18250.7 21709.4 24166.8 27384.8 28754.1 Government consumption 43.3 238.0 255.0 I 306.0 492.6 413.3 529.1 553.0 563.1 661.2 736.9 827.9 1276.3 1350.4 1356.1 1494.0 1574.8 2008.2 2268.0
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/statistics) Gross fixed capital formation 49.7 125.9 245.4 I 733.3 759.6 1173.7 1166.3 1361.1 1463.4 2030.7 2576.1 2481.1 3193.1 3460.8 3931.8 4864.2 5774.7 6783.7 6898.4 Increase in stocks I 16.8 72.9 36.9 163.9 137.0-83.4 201.7-190.9 405.8-151.7 264.6-457.2-108.5 359.5 499.7 506.7 Exports of goods and services 14.6 60.0 126.6 I 1094.0 1832.5 2630.0 2334.0 3410.5 3727.3 4993.6 7028.4 8213.9 9300.1 10476.2 13636.0 16504.6 20474.7 22891.6 23482.9 Less: Imports of goods and services 50.3 79.9 185.4 I 2186.0 2751.1 4000.5 4042.2 4624.7 5253.5 6716.0 8694.8 9567.9 10785.0 12337.1 15201.0 18735.5 22691.9 25560.5 33711.8 Statistical discrepancy I 116.4 114.7 372.3 290.7 360.5 414.9 504.2 422.5 269.2-130.7-169.9-78.3 26.2 190.7 1031.9 16331.4 Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices Private consumption 90.4 74.3 82.4 98.8 92.6 92.6 95.2 88.2 92.9 87.5 86.7 83.1 83.9 83.6 85.1 84.3 81.0 78.2 64.6 Government consumption 7.2 17.8 10.2 4.5 6.9 4.9 5.8 5.5 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.3 7.6 7.3 6.3 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.1 Gross domestic capital formation 8.3 9.4 9.8 11.0 11.7 14.3 14.5 14.8 11.8 16.7 16.9 18.5 18.1 20.1 16.2 18.5 20.6 20.8 16.6 Exports of goods and services 2.4 4.5 5.0 16.1 25.8 31.2 25.4 33.7 31.8 37.2 49.9 52.7 55.4 56.5 63.6 64.1 68.6 65.3 52.7 Imports of goods and services 8.4 6.0 7.4 32.2 38.8 47.4 44.0 45.7 44.8 50.1 61.7 61.4 64.3 66.6 70.9 72.7 76.0 72.9 75.7 Statistical discrepancy 1.7 1.6 4.4 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.0 1.7-0.8-0.9-0.4 0.1 0.6 2.9 36.7 At Constant Prices GDP by industrial origin at 1989 I 2000 market prices 243.7 262.2 280.6 I 8495.6 9277.3 9882.5 10411.1 10999.4 11544.9 12993.8 14089.3 15168.9 16232.1 17612.8 19434.1 22009.1 24379.7 26867.6 28667.5 28094.2 Agriculture 127.4 135.9 138.5 I 3873.9 4259.3 4408.1 4459.0 4703.7 4942.0 5124.0 5065.0 5294.0 5108.0 5644.7 5595.9 6475.5 6830.3 7173.8 7583.8 Mining 2.8 3.0 3.2 I 17.8 23.0 27.5 23.8 23.3 20.1 26.6 33.5 37.4 47.0 55.5 68.9 87.0 100.9 107.4 125.9 Manufacturing 17.2 18.4 19.0 I 683.1 744.5 874.8 984.5 1255.3 1445.5 1730.6 2254.8 2613.4 2971.7 3337.4 3926.7 4308.6 5059.8 5508.7 5681.1 Electricity, gas, and water 0.5 0.5 0.6 I 25.6 27.8 34.7 41.7 46.6 50.8 54.4 58.1 61.1 75.5 82.3 91.5 103.0 135.5 151.2 164.1 Construction 16.0 17.6 22.9 I 374.4 461.9 557.9 510.6 497.7 419.6 534.6 731.6 718.0 912.8 1014.4 1147.9 1401.1 1681.2 1794.7 1898.8 Trade c 26.9 31.0 32.3 I 1435.1 1408.4 1564.6 1637.0 1729.2 1729.1 1884.7 2032.9 2182.8 2364.7 2296.8 2542.1 2865.9 3132.9 3438.5 3766.5 Transport and communications 6.4 7.0 8.1 I 537.5 595.7 635.8 707.4 665.8 681.7 876.7 930.1 995.8 1152.0 1188.9 1302.6 1491.1 1523.0 1632.7 1748.6 Finance d 15.9 16.3 17.4 I 745.0 586.1 662.3 714.2 770.4 835.0 925.1 1030.1 1108.3 1210.3 1465.3 1763.0 1924.9 2167.7 2436.0 2611.9 Public administration 11.0 11.0 11.0 I 167.6 287.1 268.7 333.0 346.9 384.2 379.8 376.6 353.5 357.2 341.2 318.5 337.1 333.2 333.6 348.6 Others e 16.2 17.1 18.8 I 376.6 404.9 422.6 488.8 482.4 563.0 738.1 861.4 1047.3 1174.6 1335.0 1575.5 1864.5 2184.7 2448.0 2741.8 Less: Imputed bank service charges I 17.6 21.6 83.9 71.1 135.0 124.2 113.4 154.8 134.7 145.8 158.5 186.6 216.2 239.8 299.8 341.8 Taxes less subsidies on products 3.6 4.4 9.5 I 276.6 500.2 509.4 582.2 613.1 598.1 832.6 870.2 892.0 1004.2 1009.8 1288.1 1366.6 1470.2 2142.8 2338.3 Net factor income from abroad......... GNI......... Growth of Output annual change, percent GDP 1.2 7.6 7.0 4.1 9.2 6.5 5.3 5.7 5.0 12.6 8.4 7.7 7.0 8.5 10.3 13.3 10.8 10.2 6.7-2.0 Agriculture 1.2 6.7 1.9-1.0 9.9 3.5 1.2 5.5 5.1 3.7-1.2 4.5-3.5 10.5-0.9 15.7 5.5 5.0 5.7 Industry -2.1 8.3 15.6 13.1 14.2 18.9 4.4 16.8 6.2 21.2 31.2 11.4 16.8 12.0 16.6 12.7 18.3 8.4 4.1 Services 2.7 7.7 6.3 7.2 0.6 8.3 9.2 2.9 5.0 14.6 8.9 8.7 10.0 5.9 13.2 13.1 10.1 10.1 9.0 Expenditure on GDP at 1989 I 2000 market prices 243.7 262.2 280.6 I 8495.6 9277.3 9882.5 10411.1 10999.4 11544.9 12993.8 14089.3 15168.9 16232.1 17612.8 19434.1 22009.1 24379.7 26867.6 28667.5 28094.2 Private consumption f 218.8 222.6 232.7 I 8087.0 8476.0 9206.0 10020.0 9906.0 10908.0 11639.0 12211.0 12498.0 13545.0 14640.9 16468.9 18498.6 19747.8 20964.2 Government consumption 17.6 19.4 26.7 I 360.7 618.9 475.3 594.9 606.6 561.7 655.8 736.9 802.0 1231.9 1279.3 1215.9 1263.7 1285.3 1536.1 Gross fixed capital formation 20.2 24.7 27.5 I 1057.5 1015.9 1511.3 1359.3 1672.9 1627.0 2025.9 2576.1 2477.0 3148.1 3377.7 3749.4 4480.6 5228.2 5757.2 Increase in stocks I 28.7 100.2 44.8 238.9 187.6-146.0 170.3-190.9 417.0-143.0 278.9-382.3-105.6 233.6 454.1 Exports of goods and services 5.5 9.9 16.5 I 1439.8 2497.9 3373.6 2719.4 3795.4 3662.5 5043.6 7028.4 8191.0 9259.2 10285.4 13174.0 15333.3 18275.0 20129.3 Less: Imports of goods and services 18.5 14.4 22.8 I 2900.8 3801.0 5060.8 4834.8 5208.1 5189.4 6656.9 8694.8 9529.0 10982.6 12404.5 14863.6 17438.1 20219.8 22658.5 Statistical discrepancy I 422.7 369.3 332.3 313.5 39.0 121.1 115.9 422.7 312.9 173.5 155.2 71.9-23.4-170.3 685.2 Page 2 of 8
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010 Growth of Demand annual change, percent Private consumption 2.5 1.7 4.5 4.8 8.6 8.8-1.1 10.1 6.7 4.9 2.4 8.4 8.1 12.5 12.3 6.8 6.2 Government consumption -4.6 10.2 37.5 71.6-23.2 25.2 2.0-7.4 16.8 12.4 8.8 53.6 3.8-5.0 3.9 1.7 19.5 Gross domestic capital formation -23.5 22.0 11.3 2.8 39.4 2.7 16.4-20.4 48.3 8.6 21.3 3.8 21.7-7.9 29.9 24.8 13.7 Exports of goods and services -23.5 80.2 66.3 73.5 35.1-19.4 39.6-3.5 37.7 39.4 16.5 13.0 11.1 28.1 16.4 19.2 10.1 Imports of goods and services -25.1-22.0 57.9 31.0 33.1-4.5 7.7-0.4 28.3 30.6 9.6 15.3 12.9 19.8 17.3 16.0 12.1 Investment Financing at Current Prices Gross domestic capital formation 49.7 125.9 245.4 750.1 832.5 1210.6 1330.1 1498.1 1380.0 2232.5 2385.2 2887.0 3041.4 3725.3 3474.6 4755.7 6134.2 7283.4 7405.2 Gross national saving 3629.7 4463.2 6874.3 8488.3 12931.4 Gross domestic saving g 14.0 106.0 186.6-225.5 28.7 212.4-87.4 644.5 268.7 1014.3 1141.4 1802.2 1425.9 1694.6 1831.5 2550.9 4107.6 5646.3 13507.8 Net factor income from abroad -195.0-277.1-369.0-389.6-4055.2 Net current transfers from abroad h 19.0 4.3 236.9 751.8 771.5 872.3 1204.7 1027.7 1080.8 1451.8 1768.1 1724.7 1747.5 1904.3 1993.3 2189.3 3135.8 3231.7 3478.9 Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices Gross domestic saving 2.3 7.9 7.4-3.3 0.4 2.5-1.0 6.4 2.3 7.6 8.1 11.6 8.5 9.1 8.5 9.9 13.8 16.1 30.3 Gross national saving 16.9 17.3 23.0 24.2 29.0 Gross domestic capital formation 8.3 9.4 9.8 11.0 11.7 14.3 14.5 14.8 11.8 16.7 16.9 18.5 18.1 20.1 16.2 18.5 20.6 20.8 16.6 At Current Market Prices thousand Riels Per capita GDP 70 152 279 717 713 806 833 870 966 1089 1127 1227 1302 1417 1614 1914 2189 2536 3181 Per capita GNI 1600 1893 2162 2508 2891 PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages Agriculture 1999 2001 = 100 65.1 64.7 65.3 67.2 65.7 84.0 84.5 86.6 87.7 98.2 100.2 101.6 96.9 115.3 109.7 141.6 153.2 161.1 175.6 183.7 Manufacturing 1998 = 100 100.0 166.0 247.0 252.0 ENERGY annual values Electricity million kilowatt-hours Production 199 128 176 180 187 194 223 168 336 350 380 433 540 540 761 906 1107 1378 Exports Imports Consumption 199 128 176 180 187 194 PRICE INDEXES period averages Consumer (Phnom Penh) March 1988 I July December 2000 I October December 2006 = 100 428.4 1135.5 2226.5 4772.3 4749.9 I 73.1 78.3 84.5 97.0 100.9 100.1 100.3 103.7 104.8 108.9 115.2 120.6 127.7 152.8 I 131.1 Food I 73.8 79.4 84.7 96.6 103.9 100.4 97.9 99.6 101.1 107.5 116.5 124.1 139.7 181.5 I 146.7 Nonfood I 72.5 77.5 84.4 97.3 98.7 99.9 102.2 106.7 107.7 110.0 114.2 118.0 111.1 120.2 I 111.8 Implicit GDP deflator 1989 I 2000 = 100 245.6 509.5 893.8 I 80.0 76.4 85.4 88.3 92.1 101.5 103.2 100.0 102.7 103.4 105.2 110.3 117.0 122.4 130.4 155.3 Price Indexes annual change, percent Consumer price index 141.8 165.1 96.1 114.3-0.5 7.8 7.1 8.0 14.8 4.0-0.8 0.2 3.3 1.1 3.9 5.8 4.7 5.9 19.7-0.7 Food price index 7.6 6.7 14.1 7.6-3.4-2.5 1.8 1.5 6.4 8.4 6.5 12.6 29.9-0.5 Implicit GDP deflator 145.6 107.4 75.4-4.4 11.7 3.4 4.3 10.2 1.7-3.1 2.7 0.7 1.8 4.8 6.1 4.6 6.5 19.1
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/statistics) MONEY AND BANKING billion Riels; as of end of period Money supply (M1) 60.9 77.6 171.8 203.8 199.6 278.5 328.9 384.8 543.3 532.0 539.6 609.7 813.3 937.5 1152.9 1322.8 1657.7 2052.0 2399.6 3120.2 Currency in circulation 45.7 64.8 158.7 189.7 176.3 250.9 299.8 356.1 509.1 489.9 494.6 577.8 766.0 908.2 1114.7 1282.1 1599.6 1989.7 2294.8 3001.6 Demand deposits 15.2 12.8 13.0 14.1 23.3 27.6 29.1 28.7 34.2 42.1 45.0 31.9 47.3 29.2 38.1 40.6 58.1 62.3 104.8 118.6 Quasi-money 0.5 1.4 76.4 129.6 250.4 370.6 582.7 678.1 686.8 910.5 1290.9 1594.2 2075.1 2391.5 3176.4 3702.1 5284.6 9258.7 9459.3 13108.1 Money supply (M2) 61.5 79.0 248.1 333.5 449.9 649.1 911.6 1062.9 1230.1 1442.5 1830.5 2203.9 2888.4 3329.0 4329.3 5024.9 6942.3 11310.7 11858.9 16228.3 Foreign assets (net) 3.1-1.7 24.2 119.2 390.8 550.0 880.6 1177.7 1725.7 2018.8 2589.4 3080.5 3737.1 4027.2 4796.6 5475.1 7224.3 10734.7 10345.6 14655.0 Domestic credit 59.2 87.7 267.4 343.1 385.3 446.4 567.4 696.5 838.9 876.3 904.4 867.6 941.8 1208.7 1607.8 1972.5 2676.5 4570.1 6907.1 8280.3 Claims on government sector 41.2 55.3 156.9 175.3 143.2 147.9 127.6 53.8 178.5 102.9 3.3-75.0-119.1-127.9-208.7-421.2-953.3-1815.9-2987.0-2251.7 Claims on private sector 5.1 9.9 98.8 161.6 237.1 293.4 434.5 636.8 654.5 763.2 898.5 936.1 1058.9 1336.6 1816.5 2393.7 3627.7 6384.8 9893.5 10532.0 Claims on other financial institutions 12.9 22.5 11.7 6.2 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.9 5.9 10.1 2.6 6.6 2.0 0.0 2.1 1.2 0.6 Other items -0.8-6.9-43.5-128.8-326.1-347.3-536.4-811.4-1334.6-1452.6-1663.4-1744.3-1790.5-1907.0-2075.1-2422.7-2958.5-3994.1-5393.7-6707.0 Money supply (M2) annual change, percent 240.9 28.6 214.0 34.4 34.9 44.3 40.4 16.6 15.7 17.3 26.9 20.4 31.1 15.3 30.0 16.1 38.2 62.9 4.8 36.8 M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 10.3 5.9 9.9 4.9 6.3 7.7 9.9 10.5 10.5 10.8 13.0 14.1 17.2 18.0 20.2 19.5 23.3 32.3 26.6 Deposit Money Banks Demand deposits 14.1 23.0 27.6 29.1 28.7 34.2 42.1 45.0 31.9 47.3 29.2 33.1 34.4 40.9 49.5 77.2 86.3 Time and savings deposits 0.1 0.7 11.0 8.5 17.8 5.1 7.9 13.2 19.8 31.7 45.9 55.5 74.3 81.9 97.3 112.7 88.6 121.0 184.8 358.8 Domestic credits outstanding 440.1 643.0 660.7 773.7 901.4 942.7 1101.8 1427.4 1904.2 2447.3 3627.9 6384.1 9892.4 10530.3 Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages On deposits Savings 7.25 7.09 6.56 6.61 6.40 6.13 3.00 2.41 2.19 2.13 2.08 1.83 1.90 2.05 1.21 Time: 6 months 10.61 9.87 9.87 8.81 7.40 7.04 6.00 6.00 5.60 5.83 5.40 6.00 6.46 5.28 12 months 11.95 11.13 11.09 9.84 7.20 8.33 7.20 7.00 6.60 6.83 6.40 7.05 7.65 6.52 GOVERNMENT FINANCE billion Riels; fiscal year ending 31 December Central Government Total revenue and grants 23.3 58.7 156.1 290.7 590.4 643.0 749.1 1171.8 1285.0 1658.8 1791.8 2028.8 2426.5 2320.4 2623.0 3207.6 4155.6 4976.4 6651.1 6091.8 Total revenue 23.3 58.7 156.1 290.7 590.4 643.0 749.1 881.0 942.8 1317.0 1408.0 1529.4 1786.1 1821.4 2220.0 2719.2 3394.5 4222.6 5567.0 5077.7 Current revenue 23.3 58.7 156.1 290.7 590.4 635.3 709.8 868.7 909.6 1303.0 1379.0 1520.4 1769.9 1790.0 2200.5 2567.6 3017.0 4213.6 5487.7 5048.4 Taxes 13.3 38.8 110.2 234.7 364.6 445.5 534.3 597.4 679.4 948.0 1026.0 1096.6 1269.3 1267.1 1656.2 1989.8 2391.6 3584.7 4688.7 4332.2 Nontaxes 10.0 19.9 45.9 56.0 225.8 189.8 175.5 271.3 230.2 355.0 353.0 423.8 500.6 522.9 544.3 577.8 625.4 629.0 799.0 716.2 Capital receipts 7.7 39.2 12.3 33.2 14.0 29.0 9.0 16.3 31.4 19.5 151.6 377.5 9.0 79.2 29.3 Grants i 290.8 342.2 341.8 383.8 499.4 640.4 499.0 403.0 488.4 761.1 753.8 1084.1 1014.1 Total expenditure and net lending 50.2 104.2 246.0 608.0 997.7 1247.9 1319.7 1259.9 1571.0 1825.0 2085.0 2517.0 2963.2 2946.5 2970.2 3388.6 4203.1 5151.2 6680.8 7548.6 Total expenditure 50.2 104.2 246.0 608.0 997.7 1247.9 1319.7 1259.9 1571.0 1825.0 2085.0 2517.0 2963.2 2946.5 2970.2 3388.6 4203.1 5151.2 6680.8 7548.6 Current expenditure 43.3 98.9 239.0 373.0 662.4 736.8 789.8 808.0 941.0 1097.0 1189.0 1415.7 1574.9 1758.1 1745.7 2031.7 2450.9 2978.9 3952.9 4597.1 Capital expenditure 6.9 5.3 7.0 235.0 335.3 511.1 529.9 451.9 630.0 728.0 896.0 1101.3 1388.3 1188.3 1224.5 1356.9 1752.1 2172.3 2727.9 2951.6 Net lending Current surplus/deficit -20.0-40.2-82.9-82.3-72.0-101.5-79.9 60.7-31.4 206.0 190.0 104.7 195.0 31.9 454.9 535.9 566.1 1234.7 1534.8 451.4 Capital account surplus/deficit -6.9-5.3-7.0-235.0-335.3-503.4-490.7-439.6-596.8-714.0-867.0-1092.3-1372.0-1157.0-1205.1-1205.3-1374.7-2163.3-2648.7-2922.3 Overall budgetary surplus/deficit j -26.9-45.5-89.9-317.3-407.3-604.9-570.6-88.1-286.0-166.2-293.2-488.2-536.7-626.0-347.2-181.0-47.5-174.8-29.7-1456.8 Financing
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010 Domestic borrowing 19.7 39.2 88.1 36.2 3.2 2.0-7.5-64.6 123.0-44.7-19.5 10.8 Foreign borrowing 7.2 6.1 1.5 59.9 404.1 483.4 616.8 155.1 163.2 173.6 323.7 390.0 Use of cash balances 0.2 0.3 221.2 119.5-38.7-2.4-0.2 37.3-11.0 87.4 Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices Total revenue 3.9 4.4 6.2 4.3 8.3 7.6 8.2 8.7 8.0 9.8 10.0 9.8 10.6 9.8 10.4 10.6 11.4 12.1 12.5 Taxes 2.2 2.9 4.4 3.5 5.1 5.3 5.8 5.9 5.8 7.1 7.3 7.0 7.6 6.8 7.7 7.7 8.0 10.2 10.5 Total expenditure 8.4 7.8 9.8 8.9 14.1 14.8 14.4 12.4 13.4 13.6 14.8 16.2 17.7 15.9 13.9 13.2 14.1 14.7 15.0 Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -4.5-3.4-3.6-4.7-5.7-7.2-6.2-0.9-2.4-1.2-2.1-3.1-3.2-3.4-1.6-0.7-0.2-0.5-0.1 Expenditure by Function, Central Government Total 50.2 102.9 245.5 612.9 662.3 736.8 789.8 816.0 933.9 1109.4 1129.0 1415.6 1565.0 1758.1 1745.7 2638.2 3169.0 3937.5 5628.0 5830.5 General public services 60.5 72.6 76.7 90.3 140.0 133.7 187.9 269.0 298.1 336.4 302.2 355.6 446.2 585.0 1338.7 1332.6 Defense 18.7 46.8 118.6 180.5 409.7 456.1 434.4 446.6 481.3 473.5 455.0 417.3 406.8 411.0 422.8 451.2 520.2 615.9 813.8 1254.0 Education 4.9 26.6 47.7 64.2 77.9 84.3 87.5 105.3 166.8 183.2 209.2 289.7 300.5 325.9 350.8 445.6 491.4 606.5 689.7 Health 9.1 5.6 7.8 30.0 26.1 42.6 45.3 43.8 76.3 121.0 129.7 164.4 173.0 192.1 224.6 260.8 343.3 426.8 505.2 Social security and welfare 10.8 26.3 31.4 37.6 44.7 49.9 47.9 25.4 26.9 28.2 33.3 33.4 32.6 95.4 108.0 129.1 159.0 195.9 Economic services 12.3 25.7 51.1 268.0 58.7 55.4 83.9 77.9 91.8 150.7 84.0 150.7 159.5 170.5 151.3 178.1 218.3 239.8 288.6 332.7 Agriculture 12.4 13.1 16.1 14.8 15.4 24.0 26.0 30.5 39.7 39.0 38.6 47.1 55.9 57.7 65.8 78.2 Industry 4.8 4.7 8.6 3.1 3.0 5.3 6.1 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.2 7.4 9.0 11.0 11.1 14.2 Transport and communications 25.8 18.7 34.4 33.8 36.2 83.0 41.9 62.2 49.1 48.7 37.4 43.8 49.1 50.2 59.7 65.8 Other economic services 15.7 18.9 24.8 26.1 37.2 38.3 10.0 52.0 63.8 75.7 69.1 79.8 104.3 120.9 151.9 174.5 Others k 5.2 30.4 32.8 82.6 7.8 11.0 23.2 18.7 23.8 83.0 71.0 211.5 213.3 333.4 318.8 982.5 1170.0 1533.0 1994.5 1520.4 EXTERNAL TRADE million US Dollars; calendar year Exports, fob 85.8 252.6 264.5 283.0 489.8 853.9 643.6 861.6 802.0 1130.3 1397.1 1571.2 1769.8 2086.8 2588.9 2908.0 3692.4 4088.5 4708.0 4301.8 Imports, cif I fob l 163.5 285.1 443.4 471.0 744.4 1187.0 1071.6 1092.4 1165.8 1591.9 1935.7 2094.0 2360.5 2668.1 3269.5 I 3918.3 4771.2 5431.9 6508.4 5875.8 Trade balance -77.7-32.5-178.9-188.0-254.6-333.1-428.0-230.8-363.8-461.5-538.6-522.8-590.7-581.3-680.6 I -1010.3-1078.9-1343.4-1800.4-1573.9 External Trade annual change, percent Exports 8.3 194.4 4.7 7.0 73.1 74.3-24.6 33.9-6.9 40.9 23.6 12.5 12.6 17.9 24.1 12.3 27.0 10.7 15.2-8.6 Imports -7.1 74.4 55.5 6.2 58.1 59.5-9.7 1.9 6.7 36.5 21.6 8.2 12.7 13.0 22.5 20.1 21.8 13.8 19.8-9.7 Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year Exports, total 41.7 57.4 165.3 267.3 243.1 357.3 292.9 625.8 933.5 1040.1 1122.8 1295.8 1488.7 1770.7 2187.7 3014.0 3561.6 4073.3 4252.8 4022.8 1. United States 0.1 0.5 1.0 5.1 4.1 85.7 292.9 235.8 739.7 832.2 960.4 1126.4 1312.0 1595.3 1898.9 2363.1 2314.3 1822.5 2. Germany 0.8 15.2 24.3 26.6 12.3 17.6 41.6 17.9 71.8 40.4 66.0 98.7 118.2 154.4 237.7 225.1 233.5 298.3 329.1 302.4 3. Hong Kong, China 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.7 3.9 11.2 13.7 12.7 26.8 38.3 7.3 4.5 6.0 4.9 5.2 540.9 542.6 17.1 8.7 11.6 4. United Kingdom 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.4 10.8 31.1 31.3 24.9 53.4 81.6 126.3 132.7 143.5 175.3 124.0 153.0 211.7 232.0 284.2 5. Canada 1.1 5.7 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.9 3.2 4.9 10.4 94.5 107.0 115.2 189.2 252.1 253.8 6. Singapore 7.3 18.8 29.4 38.4 43.3 73.9 133.0 181.7 18.0 28.0 26.6 29.1 10.5 69.5 138.8 76.7 105.5 380.3 7. Viet Nam 7.0 4.7 6.1 6.9 16.1 21.4 16.2 156.8 175.9 106.8 19.4 24.5 32.4 39.2 42.4 46.0 75.0 186.8 190.9 168.6 8. Spain 0.1 0.4 1.0 0.7 2.5 4.7 0.6 0.6 1.8 6.4 6.7 30.6 33.9 85.3 115.1 140.5 129.8 9. Japan 3.2 5.0 8.5 78.5 8.0 6.7 6.0 6.3 7.9 9.3 10.7 13.3 18.9 21.7 25.1 62.8 34.1 126.2 109.6 129.7 10. France 0.9 2.6 3.1 0.7 3.6 6.8 11.5 9.7 12.2 20.7 27.7 35.0 38.4 48.8 62.5 52.2 55.1 51.0 52.9 52.8
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/statistics) Imports, total 56.0 61.9 751.2 981.4 1151.5 1573.5 1632.0 1116.4 1128.9 1243.0 1424.6 1455.6 1674.7 1732.3 2074.6 2548.1 2985.2 6536.7 8212.6 6987.4 1. Thailand 0.9 5.1 72.4 197.3 286.4 367.5 398.9 198.1 168.5 195.2 221.8 503.9 238.4 216.0 231.3 290.6 415.0 1491.1 2221.4 1732.6 2. Viet Nam 10.0 6.9 7.1 105.8 85.0 104.1 108.9 107.8 90.7 85.6 91.5 109.5 98.4 119.2 168.7 181.6 269.9 1145.2 1573.8 1390.1 3. China, People s Republic of 3.3 2.4 14.0 22.4 38.8 56.8 69.7 56.6 95.7 85.9 112.9 86.9 197.8 223.4 341.8 423.5 523.9 969.4 1204.5 987.7 4. Hong Kong, China 1.8 5.9 24.8 33.9 35.4 43.0 49.4 67.0 129.8 185.7 254.3 116.9 371.7 408.9 413.1 449.7 539.2 673.3 669.2 517.4 5. Singapore 276.2 405.8 421.3 550.2 567.0 6.2 3.3 99.0 106.0 399.5 122.5 119.7 144.5 136.2 156.8 482.2 570.9 791.5 6. Korea, Republic of 114.9 95.8 79.9 76.8 49.6 94.8 80.7 99.6 150.7 146.1 309.6 323.8 286.0 7. Japan 5.0 7.4 251.7 54.8 71.0 84.4 62.1 83.7 71.1 73.9 58.4 19.6 63.9 74.8 83.7 100.2 129.6 122.6 204.2 123.7 8. Malaysia 0.1 2.0 9.4 13.6 51.5 85.3 57.8 0.6 1.2 49.9 64.2 19.3 58.5 77.8 77.7 92.5 89.4 147.5 181.5 168.4 9. Indonesia 11.4 6.0 26.0 43.6 48.6 88.0 66.4 14.7 28.0 50.9 68.4 9.9 77.6 82.0 78.6 82.6 85.3 134.0 191.4 124.5 10. United States 17.7 20.0 8.1 29.6 23.5 26.8 39.0 38.0 32.8 16.6 15.6 16.3 23.2 36.2 25.5 152.7 169.5 139.9 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS m million US Dollars; calendar year Current account -49.6-25.2-26.4 19.0-83.5-108.1-106.8 21.1 I -178.4-176.6-100.5-43.0-99.2-167.3-114.8-225.1 26.7-222.4-818.0-554.0 Balance on goods -77.7-32.5-178.9-188.0-254.6-333.1-428.0-230.8 I -363.8-461.5-538.6-522.8-590.7-581.3-680.6-1010.3-1078.9-1343.4-1800.4-1573.9 Exports 85.8 212.5 264.5 283.0 489.8 853.9 643.6 861.6 I 802.0 1130.3 1397.1 1571.2 1769.8 2086.8 2588.9 2908.0 3692.4 4088.5 4708.0 4301.8 Imports -163.5-245.0-443.4-471.0-744.4-1187.0-1071.6-1092.4 I -1165.8-1591.9-1935.7-2094.0-2360.5-2668.1-3269.5-3918.3-4771.2-5431.9-6508.4-5875.8 Services and income -16.5 1.3-34.5-72.6-132.0-131.0-137.9-96.8 I -103.2-96.4-22.2 39.4 44.9-65.2 69.5 182.2 186.2 268.2 134.7 134.2 Credit 56.6 123.6 175.5 166.1 I 225.2 345.3 495.5 582.1 654.8 591.6 853.5 1185.8 1386.3 1659.8 1753.5 1680.4 Debit -188.6-254.6-313.4-262.9 I -328.4-441.6-517.7-542.7-609.9-656.9-784.0-1003.6-1200.1-1391.6-1618.8-1546.2 Current transfers 44.6 6.0 187.0 279.6 303.1 355.9 459.1 348.8 I 288.6 381.3 460.3 440.4 446.7 479.3 496.3 603.0 919.4 852.9 847.6 885.8 Credit I 679.2 997.1 945.9 935.3 963.3 Debit I -76.2-77.7-93.0-87.7-77.5 Capital account I Financial account I 225.3 192.4 183.6 58.7 164.8 243.7 219.1 310.5 212.9 681.5 1386.3 583.9 Direct investment 94.2 20.0 33.0 54.1 69.0 150.7 293.7 168.1 I 223.0 223.1 141.9 142.1 139.1 74.3 121.2 374.9 474.8 866.2 794.7 511.3 Portfolio investment I -13.5-7.8-7.2-7.7-7.5-7.7-8.0-7.2-8.2-6.5-11.6-7.6 Financial derivative I Foreign aid (net loans) I 42.7 43.2 74.6 78.1 124.2 148.6 154.4 144.0 122.1 199.6 234.7 153.1 Other investments 5.2-19.1-54.0-14.5-40.8-34.4-4.4 I -26.9-66.1-25.7-153.8-91.0 28.5-48.5-201.2-375.9-377.9 368.6-72.9 Net errors and omissions -34.8-10.0-42.6-3.5 65.0 12.8-78.0-151.2 I -26.7 32.3 12.4 24.7 0.9-39.8-45.8-11.0-42.7-36.6-46.3-34.7 Overall balance 9.8-10.0-55.1 15.6 36.0 14.6 74.5 33.6 I 20.2 48.1 95.5 40.4 66.6 36.6 58.5 74.4 196.9 422.5 522.0-4.7 Changes in reserves I -30.8-68.4-112.3-62.4-88.6-47.6-61.0-78.4-133.7-435.2-534.8-115.5 Reserves and related items -9.8 10.0 55.1-15.6-36.0-14.6-74.5-33.6 I -20.2-48.1-95.5-40.4-66.6-36.6-58.5-74.4-196.9-422.5-522.0 4.7 Reserve assets I -30.8-68.4-112.3-62.4-88.6-47.6-61.0-78.4-133.7-435.2-534.8 Use of Fund credit and loans I -1.4 8.2 4.0 9.3 9.3-1.8-10.3-8.8-82.1 Others (exceptional financing) I 12.0 12.0 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 18.8 12.8 12.8 Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices Exports 6.1 11.4 13.4 11.2 17.6 24.8 18.4 25.1 I 25.6 32.1 38.1 39.5 41.3 44.7 48.5 46.2 50.8 47.3 42.9 Imports -11.6-13.2-22.4-18.6-26.7-34.5-30.6-31.8 I -37.2-45.2-52.8-52.6-55.0-57.2-61.3-62.3-65.6-62.9-59.3 Trade balance -5.5-1.7-9.0-7.4-9.1-9.7-12.2-6.7 I -11.6-13.1-14.7-13.1-13.8-12.5-12.7-16.1-14.8-15.6-16.4 Current account balance -3.5-1.4-1.3 0.8-3.0-3.1-3.0 0.6 I -5.7-5.0-2.7-1.1-2.3-3.6-2.2-3.6 0.4-2.6-7.4 Overall balance 0.7-0.5-2.8 0.6 1.3 0.4 2.1 1.0 I 0.6 1.4 2.6 1.0 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.2 2.7 4.9 4.8
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010 INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period Total 0.0 0.0 1.3 24.2 118.5 192.0 265.8 298.6 439.2 509.5 610.9 697.6 913.7 981.9 1118.2 1158.6 1410.7 2143.2 2640.6 3288.5 Gold, national valuation 114.9 116.3 109.2 110.8 137.5 166.4 175.0 205.6 253.4 336.3 349.0 437.3 Foreign exchange 8.5 102.6 176.8 252.1 286.8 314.6 388.0 501.5 586.3 775.6 815.3 943.1 952.7 1157.1 1806.7 2291.4 2743.7 Reserve position in the Fund 0.0 0.0 1.3 SDRs 15.7 15.9 15.2 13.7 11.8 9.8 5.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 107.4 EXCHANGE RATES Riels per US Dollar End of period 600.0 520.0 2000.0 2305.0 2575.0 2526.0 2713.0 3452.0 3770.0 3770.0 3905.0 3895.0 3930.0 3984.0 4027.0 4112.0 4057.0 3999.0 4077.0 4165.0 Average of period 426.3 718.3 1266.6 2689.0 2545.3 2450.8 2624.1 2946.3 3744.4 3807.8 3840.8 3916.3 3912.1 3973.3 4016.3 4092.5 4103.3 4056.2 4054.2 4139.3 EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of year Total debt outstanding and disbursed 1845.0 1852.3 1830.6 1820.5 1908.6 2283.5 2353.7 2382.8 2464.6 2517.4 2627.9 2696.5 2900.3 3193.4 3439.1 3515.3 3526.7 3760.9 4215.0... Long-term debt 1682.8 1683.5 1675.0 1681.0 1743.7 2109.9 2177.3 2192.7 2261.4 2292.9 2328.1 2392.8 2587.3 2868.4 3079.7 3154.7 3317.7 3537.1 3892.1... Public and publicly guaranteed 1682.8 1683.5 1675.0 1681.0 1743.7 2109.9 2177.3 2192.7 2261.4 2292.9 2328.1 2392.8 2587.3 2868.4 3079.7 3154.7 3317.7 3537.1 3892.1... Private nonguaranteed... Short-term debt 135.5 142.0 140.8 131.0 135.3 101.9 107.0 125.0 136.7 151.5 226.6 223.9 216.8 221.4 262.1 279.4 209.1 223.8 322.9... Use of IMF credit 26.7 26.8 14.9 8.6 29.6 71.7 69.4 65.1 66.5 72.9 73.3 79.8 96.2 103.6 97.4 81.2... External debt percent of GNI 71.8 68.4 65.4 72.8 71.7 72.5 69.8 72.0 70.3 65.0 56.7 50.4 47.0 46.0... Total long-term debt percent of total debt 91.2 90.9 91.5 92.3 91.4 92.4 92.5 92.0 91.8 91.1 88.6 88.7 89.2 89.8 89.5 89.7 94.1 94.0 92.3... Short-term debt percent of total debt 7.3 7.7 7.7 7.2 7.1 4.5 4.5 5.2 5.5 6.0 8.6 8.3 7.5 6.9 7.6 7.9 5.9 6.0 7.7... Debt service percent of exports of goods and services...... 4.0 9.6 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 2.1 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6... Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the year Principal repayments on long-term debt 4.8 4.9 4.2 4.2 15.0 6.9 0.9 1.3 3.2 5.1 7.7 15.3 12.6 19.4 53.2 Interest on long-term debt 29.0 15.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 1.1 2.4 3.4 3.7 11.9 11.9 4.5 6.0 8.1 11.0 12.4 13.0 14.6 20.7 34.2 Interest on short-term debt 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.7 1.7 5.2 4.0 1.4 0.4 0.9 1.8 2.3 3.0 2.0... Average terms of new commitments Interest percent per annum 0.9 1.0 1.8 3.3 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.2... Maturity years 39.9 23.7 37.5 39.7 38.3 39.5 37.6 30.3 34.5 30.5 32.7 30.3 26.9 26.2 23.6 29.4... Grace period years 10.4 6.4 9.7 10.2 9.7 10.0 9.7 8.2 9.9 8.8 9.2 8.9 9.2 9.8 7.7 8.6... Grant element percent 79.6 55.5 69.8 57.8 76.0 82.5 76.2 68.6 76.8 71.6 73.7 73.1 67.7 71.4 62.4 69.4... a The 1994 estimate was based on provincial reports. The 1995 1997 estimates were based on the Socio-Economic Survey of. The 1998 and 2008 figures were based on the results of the General Population Census of. b The break in the national accounts series is due to the difference in compilation methodology starting 1993. c Includes hotels and restaurants beginning 1993. d Includes real estate and business beginning 1993. e For 1990 1992, figures include education; health and social work; and other community, social, and personal services. f From 1993 onward, includes nonprofit institutions serving households. g Value is estimated as the difference between GDP by industrial origin and sum of private consumption expenditure and government consumption expenditure at current market prices. h Derived from balance of payments data. i Includes budget support grants and project aid grants beginning 2001. j Figures exclude nonbudgetary surplus/deficit, hence the item refers to overall budgetary surplus/deficit.
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (www.adb.org/statistics) k Includes information, other government agencies, and contingencies. l Starting 2005, compilation methodology shifted from cif to fob. m Due to the shift from the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual 4 format to Balance of Payments Manual 5 format in 1998, some transaction categories have changed. Data prior to 1998 may not be comparable with the rest of the series. Sources: Population Labor Force National Accounts Production Indexes Agriculture Energy Price Indexes Manufacturing Money and Banking Government Finance Expenditure by Function External Trade Direction of Trade Balance of Payments International Reserves Exchange Rates External Indebtedness For 1990 1998, 2004 2009, Official communication, 30 June 2010; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. For 1999 2003, Staff estimates. Asian Development Bank. Official communication, 30 June 2010; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. For 1990 2008, Official communication, 30 June 2010; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. For 2009, Staff estimates. Asian Development Bank. Official communication on provisional estimates, 4 August 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization. Official communication, 30 June 2010; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. For 1990 1992, Staff estimates. International Monetary Fund. For 1993 1995, Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 1998. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. For 1996 2009, Official communication, 30 June 2010; past communication; other publications. National Institute of Statistics. For 1990 1994, Official communication, 15 January 1996. National Bank of. For 1995 2009, Official communication, 30 June 2010; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. Official communication, 20 April 2010; past communication. National Bank of. For 1990, Staff estimates. International Monetary Fund. For 1991 1996, Official communication, 20 May 2002; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. For 1997 2000, Statistical Yearbook 2003. National Institute of Statistics. For 2001 2009, Official communication, 21 April 2010; past communication. Ministry of Economy and Finance. For 1998 2000, Official communication, 27 June 2004; past communication. National Institute of Statistics. For 2001 2009, Official communication, 21 April 2010; past communication. Ministry of Economy and Finance. For 1990 1992, Economic Mission, May 1995. Asian Development Bank. For 1993 1997, Official communication, 27 June 2004. National Institute of Statistics. For 1998 2009, Official communication, 20 April 2010; past communication. National Bank of. Direction of Trade Statistics (www2.imfstatistics.org/dot/, downloaded May 2010). International Monetary Fund. Official communication, 20 April 2010; past communication. National Bank of. International Financial Statistics (www.imfstatistics.org/imf/imfbrowser.aspx, downloaded May 2010). International Monetary Fund. World Development Indicators & Global Development Finance (databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do, downloaded May 2010). World Bank. Page 8 of 8