United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC

United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC. 20212 Technical information: (202) Media contact: 523-1371 523-1944 523-1959 523-1913 USDL 88-430 TRANSMSSON OF MATERAL N THS RELEASE S EMBARGOED UNTL 8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, THE EMPLOYMENT STUATON: AUGUST The number of nonfarm payroll jobs grew moderately in August, and unemployment edged up, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall jobless rate was percent and the civilian worker rate percent, compared with percent for both measures in. Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the monthly survey of business establishments, increased by 220,000 in August to 106.5 million, substantially less than the average monthly gain so far this year. Total civilian employment, as measured by the monthly survey of households, was about unchanged at 11 million in August. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate edged up in August. About 6.9 million persons were unemployed, and the civilian worker jobless rate was percent, seasonally adjusted. Since March, the rate has moved within the narrow range of 5,3 to percent. (See table A-2.) Most of the over-the-month increase in joblessness occurred among adult men, whose unemployment rate rose 0.4 percentage point to percent. n contrast, the rate for adult women edged down to percent. The incidence of joblessness rose slightly for whites to ' percent, while it was little changed for.blacks ( percent), teenagers (15.8 percent), and Hispanics (8.4 percent). (See tables A-2 and A-3.) Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Civilian employment was about unchanged at 11 million in August, and the employment-population ratio remained at its high of 62.3 percent. The civilian labor force rose substantially by almost 350,000 as the labor force participation rate edged up to 6 percent, matching the high reached in February. (See table A-2.)

- 2 - ndustry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Employment in nonagricultural establishments increased moderately in August, as payroll jobs rose by 220,000 to a level of 106.5 million, seasonally adjusted. This gain, and 's increase of 200,000, followed larger increases during the first half of the year. Employment in private nonfarm industries rose only modestly (155,000), and the goods-producing sector did not increase for the first time since January. (See table B-l.) Table A«Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Category Total employment JL/,.... Civilian employment Discouraged workers.. Quarterly averages 122,882 115,954 121,142 114,214 6,928 62,825 1,027 Monthly data Thousands of persons 122,968 123,157 123,357 116,352 116,703 116,732 121,258 121,472 121,684 114,642 115,018 115,059 6,616 6,455 6,625 63,131 63,090 63,045 910 N.A. N.A. 123,723 116,872 122,031 115,180 6,851 62,799 N.A. - change 366 140 347 121 226-246 N.A. s: All civilian workers. White... Black Hispanic origin 5.7 1 12.5 7.9 Percent of labor force 1 12.0 9.1 1 11.5 9.0 1 11.4 8.0 15.8 8.4 0.1.2.4 -.3.6.2 -.1.4 ESTABLSHMENT DATA Service-producing... 104,670 25,260 79,410 105,609 25,498 80,111 Thousands of jobs 106,057 25,592 80,465 plo6,257 p25,655 p80,602 plo6,476 p25,647 p80,829 p219 p-8 p227 Average weekly hours: 3 41.0 3.8 3 41.1 Hours of work 3 41.1 P3 p41.2 p p3 p41.0 p3.8 p-0.3 P-.2 p-.l J_/ ncludes the resident Armed Forces, p^preliminary. N.A.»not available.

- 3 - After 4 months of fairly strong growth, factory employment was unchanged in August, on a seasonally adjusted basis. Although job gains were registered n the machinery, electrical equipment, and printing and publishing industries, these were offset by. a drop in textile employment and smaller declines in 11 other industries. Elsewhere in the goodsproducing sector, employment in the oil and gas component of the mining industry edged down. Construction industry employment, which has risen rather vigorously over the past year, was unchanged in August. n the service-producing sector, the services industry rose by 95,000 in August, about in line with the recent average for that industry. Both business and health services, however, posted below-average increases. Wholesale trade added 20,000 jobs, nearly all in ts durable goods component. Over the year, employment in that industry has risen by 300,000, more than three-fourths of which was in durable-goods distribution. After 2 months of strong growth, employment in retail trade showed little over-the-month movement, as only food stores posted a substantial job increase. Similarly, employment in the other private service sector industries transportation and public utilities and finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed n August. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls dropped by 0.3 hour to 3 hours n August, seasonally adjusted. The factory workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 41.0 hours, and manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 3.8 hours. The average workweek in manufacturing has been at or above 41 hours throughout most of and, quite high by historical standards. (See table B-2.) As a result of the August drop n the workweek, the index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 12 (1977*100), declined 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. The ndex for manufacturing was also down, by 0.5 percent to 96.1. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers were unchanged in August, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings fell 0.9 percent, reflecting the decline n the average workweek. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average weekly earnings dropped 92 cents to $323.40, while average hourly earnings were unchanged at $9.24. (See table B-3.)

- A - The Hourly Earnings ndex (Establishment Survey Data) The Hourly Earnings ndex (HE) was 179.4 (1977=100) in August, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.1 percent from. For the 12 months ended in August, the increase was 3,1 percent. n dollars of constant purchasing power, the HE decreased 0.5 percent during the 12- month period ended in. The HE is computed so as to exclude the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings ndex will no longer be published in this release.) (See table B-4.) The Employment Situation for September will be released on Friday, October 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked. t is a sample survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLSHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. n the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. n the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enter* prise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also in* eluded in the employed total. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employmei sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from the former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to repo to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to t counted as unemployed. The labor force equals the sum of the number employed an the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is th percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilia plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a specii grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on van ing definitions of unemployment and the labor force. Th definitions are provided in the table. The mosi restrictiv definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-1 The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represent the same measure with a civilian labor force base. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey onl counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on th payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there ar many differences between the two surveys, among which ar the following: The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, ant members of the resident Armed Forces; The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among th> employed; the establishment survey does not; The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; thi establishment survey is not limited by age; The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each in dividual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working a more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would b< counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each, when schools close and many young people enter the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonally may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the set oops-out example, the large number of people entering the labor force each is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. nsofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January- period and again for the -December period. The January revision is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end of the next section. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. n the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are appro imately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample w differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from tl results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-perce; level of confidence the confidence limits used by BLS in i analyses the error for the monthly change in total emplo ment is on the order, of plus or minus 358,000; for tot unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemplo; ment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do n< mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes bu rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 th; the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ froi the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when th data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly c annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, th larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, th estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less errc than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, amon the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate o adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error fo the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthl change in the jobless fate for men is.25 percentage point; fo teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points. n the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most curren months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, thes< estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all th«returns in the sample have been received, the estimates an revised. n other words, data for the month of September an published in preliminary form in October and November anc in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is con ducted each year. The results of this survey are used tc establish new benchmarks comprehensive counts oi employment against which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation oi new establishments. Additional statistics and other information n order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. t is available for $8.50 per issue or $22.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and 0 of that publication.

Table A-1. Employment status of the population, ncluding Armed Forces n the United States, by sex Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status and sex TOTAL Noninstitutional population 2 Labor force 2 Participation rate 3 Total employed 2 - «... Employment-population ratio*' Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed Agriculture Ncnagricultural industries 5 Not in labor force 184,738 123,350 66.8 116,263 62.9 1,736 114,527 3,452 111,075 7,088 5.7 61,388 186,402 125,561 67.4 118,739 637 1,673 117,066 3,541 113,524 6,823 60,841 186,522 125,088 67.1 118,429 63.5 1,692 116,737 3,455 113,282 6,659 61.434 184,738 122,042 66.1 114,786 62.1 1,736 113,050 3,143 109,907 7,256 62,696 185,964 123,055 66.2 116,445 62.6 1,732 114,713 3,228 111,485 6,610 62,909 186,088 122,692 6 115,909 62.3 1,714 114,195 3,035 111,160 6,783 63,396 186,247 123,157 66.1 116,703 62.7 1,685 115,018 3,085 111,933 6,455 63,090 186,402 123,357 66.2 116,732 62.6 1,673 115,059 3,046 112,014 6,625 63,045 186,522 123,723 66.3 116,872 62.7 1,692 115,180 3,151 112,029 6,851 62,799 Men, 16 years and over Noninstitutional population 7 Labor force 2 Participation rate 3 Total employed Employment-population ratio 4 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed * 88,598 69,001 77.9 65,305 7 1,575 63,730 3,696 89,445 70,205 78.5 66,676 7 1,512 65,164 3,529 89,504 69,855 78.0 66,405 7 1,529 64,876 3,450 88,596 67,937 76.7 63,916 72.1 1,575 62,341 4,021 89,225 68,445 76.7 64,892 72.7 1,569 63,323 3,553 89,287 68,318 76.5 64,583 72.3 1,553 63,030 3,736 89,367 68,429 76.6 64,934 72.7 1,523 63,411 3,495 89,445 68,521 76.6 65,002 72.7 1,512 63,490 3,519 89,504 68,723 76.8 64,954 72.6 1,529 63.425 3,768 Women, 16 years and over NoninstitirtionaJ population* Labor force 2 Participation rate 3 Totai employed 2 Employment-population ratio 4 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed 5 96,140 54,350 56.5 50,958 53.0 161 50,797 3,392 6.2 96,957 55,356 57.1 52,063 5 161 51,902 3,294 97,018 55,233 56.9 52,024 5 163 51,861 3,209 5.8 96,140 54,105 56.3 50,870 52.9 161 50,709 3,235 96,739 54,610 56.5 51,653 53.3 163 51,390 3,057 96,801 54,374 56.2 51,327 53.0 161 51,166 3,047 96,880 54,728 56.5 51,769 53.4 162 51,607 2,960 96,957 54,836 56.6 51,730 53.4 161 51,569 3,106 5.7 97,018 55,000 56.7 51,918 53.5 163 51,755 3,083 1 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 ncludes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. 3 Labor force as a percent of the noninstrtutional population. 4 Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population. * Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident Armed Forces).

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age Not seasonally adjusted' Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, sex, and age Jury TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio 2 183,002 121,614 66.5 114,527 62.6 7,088 5.8 184,729 123,888 67.1 117,066 63.4 6,823 184,830 123,396 66.8 116,737 63.2 6,659 183,002 120,306 65.7 113,050 61.8 7,256 184,232 121,323 6 114,713 62.3 6,610 184,374 120,978 6 114,195 61.9 6,783 184,562 121,472 65.8 115,018 62.3 6,455 184,729 121,684 6 115,059 62.3 6,625 184,830 122,031 6 115,180 62.3 6.851 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian tabor force Participation rate Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture r^onagricultural industries 79,668 62,516 78.5 59,546 7 2,416 57,130 2,970 80,608 63,320 78.6 60,622 7 2,454 58,168 2,697 80,669 63,396 78.6 60,594 7 2,438 58,156 2,803 79,668 62,083 77.9 58,825 73.8 2,289 56,536 3,258 80,326 62,791 78.2 59,883 7 2,255 57,627 2,909 80,402 62,662 77.9 59.590 7 2,181 57,409 3,072 80,526 62,667 77.8 59,797 7 2,208 57,588 2.870 80,608 62,769 77.9 59,954 7 2,247 57.706 2.615 60,669 62,925 78.0 59,834 7 2,311 57,523 3,090 Women,?0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate. Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries 88,685 49,683 5 46,840 52.8 680 46,161 2,843 5.7 89,588 50,426 56.3 47,783 53.3 650 47,133 2,643 89,670 50,637 56.5 48,003 53.5 650 47,354 2,633 88,685 49,969 56.3 47,308 53.3 609 46,699 2,661 89,307 50,612 56.7 48,170 5 692 47,478 2,442 89,382 50,441 56.4 47,960 5 587 47,373 2,481 89,502 50,642 56.6 48,169 53.8 616 47.553 2,473 89,588 50,775 56.7 48,199 53.8 542 47,657 2,576 89,670 50,934 56.8 48,466 54.0 586 47,881 2,468 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutiona] population Participation rate! Z Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries -. 14,649 9,415 6 8,141 5 356 7,785 1.274 13.5 14,533 10,143 69.8 8,661 59.6 438 8,223 1,482 1 14,491 9,363 6 8,140 56.2 368 7,773 1,222 1 14,649 8,254 56.3 6.917 47.2 245 6,672 1,337 16.2 14,598 7,919 5 6,660 4 280 6,380 1,259 1 14,590 7,875 54.0 6,645 4 267 6,378 1,230 1 14,534 8,163 56.2 7,051 48.5 260 6.791 1,112 1 14,533 8,141 5 6,907 47.5 257 6.650 1,234 1 14,491 8.172 56.4 6,879 47.5 254 6,625 1.293 15.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 WHTE Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 157,134 104,631 66.6 99,482 63.3 5,149 158,279 106,381 67.2 101,432 6 4,949 158,340 106,146 67.0 101,213 6 4,933 157,134 103,516 6 98,181 62.5 35 157,943 104,574 66.2 99,751 63.2 4,024 158,034 104,209 6 99,297 62.8 4,913 158,166 104,691 66.2 99,932 63.2 4,759 158,279 104,603 66.1 99,725 63.0 4,878 158,340 105,007 66.3 99,901 6 5,106 Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 54,558 78.8 52,335 7 2,224 55,196 78.9 53,182 76.1 2,014 55,233 78.9 53,094 7 2,139 54,183 78.2 51.715 7 2,468 54,699 78.5 52,538 7 2,161 4.0 54,618 78.3 52,314 7 2,304 54,662 78.2 52,491 7 2,171 4.0 54,732 78.3 52,603 7 2,129 54,825 78.4 52,464 7 2,361 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio*..'. 42,061 5 40,049 52.7 2,012 42,568 55.7 40,671 53.2 1,897 42,884 5 40,985 53.5 1,899 42,332 55.8 40.449 513 1,883 42,986 56.3 41,297 5 1,689 42,827 56.1 41,104 53.8 1,723 4.0 42,921 56.2 41,183 5 1,738 4.0 42,687 56.1 41,040 5 1,847 43,177 56.4 41,399 5 1,778 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Participation rato ««........... «*.*.«..*.*.*...*... Employment-population ratio 2.,.. Men Women 8,012 67.0 7,098 59.4 913 11.4 12.3 10.4 8,617 72.6 7,579 6 1,038 12.0 12.9 11.1 8,028 67.8 7,134 60.3 894 11.1 11.2 11.1 7,001 58.5 6,017 50.3.984 1 1 12.9 6,809 58.0 5,916 49.8 973 1 1 1 6,764 57.0 5,879 49.5 885 1 13.8 12.4 7,108 59.9 6,258 52.7 850 12.0 12.8 11.1 6,983 58.9 6,081 51.3 902 12.9 1 11.1 7,005 59.2 6J038 51.0 967 13.8 13.8 13.8 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.. Participation rate. Employment-population ratio*....... 20,396 13,393 65.7 11,721 57.5 1,671 12.5 20,715 r3,700 66.1 12,031 58.1 1,669 12.2 20,736 13,481 6 11,962 57.7 1,519 20.396 13,150 6 11,513 56.4 1,637 12.4 20,622 13,078 63.4 11,482 55.7 1,597 12.2 20,650 13.069 63.3 11,452 5 1.617 12.4 20,683 12,989 62.0 11,489 5 1,500 11.5 20,715 13,293 6 11,774 56.8 1,519 11.4 20,736 13,262 64.0 11,764 56.7 1,498 Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Emp loyed Employment-population ratio*., 6,121 75.8 5,491 68.0 630 10.3 6,161 7 5,569 67.7 592 9.6 6,212 7 5,644 68.5 568 9.1 6,054 7 5,407 66.9 647 10.7 6,163 7 5,511 67.3 652 10.6 6,107 74-5 5,449 66.5 658 10.8 6,064 73.8 5,458 66.5 606 10.0 6,070 7*3.8 5,492 66.8 578 9.5 6,154 7 5,566 67.6 588 9.6 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio*..., 6,118 60.3 5,379 53.0 739 12.1 6,284 61.0 5,616 5 668 10.6 6.166 59.8 5,516 53.5 650 10.5 6,122 60.3 5,430 53.5 692 6,093 59.4 5,407 52.7 686 6,059 59.0 5,414 52.7 645 10.6 6,074 59.0 5,421 52.7 652 10.7 6,307 61.2 5,650 5 657 10.4 6,182 59.9 5,572 54.0 610 9.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years, Participation rate ] ". Employment-population r tio*... Men ", Women 1,154 53.2 852 39.3 302 26.2 28.1 24.0 1,254 57.4 846 38.7 409 32.6 32.3 32.9 1,103 50.5 802 36.7 302 27.3 26.5 28.3 974 4 676 31.2 298 30.6 3 27.1 822 37.7 564 2 258 31.4 27.6 3 903 41.4 589 27.0 314 3 33.3 36.6 852 39.0 610 28.0 242 28.4 30.4 2 917 42.0 632 28.9 285 '31.1 30.4 31.8 926 42.4 626 28.7 300 32.4 32.2 32.7 See footnotes at end of table.

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Continued Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin HSPANC ORGN Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio 2, 12,925 8,688 67.2 8,013 62.0 675 7.8 13,344 9,133 68.4 8,396 62.9 737 8.1 13,381 9,091 67.9 8,357 62.5 733 12,925 8,549 66.1 7,856 60.8 693 8.1 13,230 8,828 66.7 8,010 60.5 818 9.3 13,268 8,859 66.8 8,058 60.7 801 9.0 13,306 9,027 67.8 8,219 61.8 809 9.0 13,344 8,984 67.3 8,264 61.9 720 8.0 13,381 8,935 66.8 8,185 61.2 750 8.4 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispantcs are included in both the white and black population groups. Table A-4. Selected employment ndicators (n thousands) Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted CHARACTERSTC Civilian employed, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 114,527 40,542 27,660 6,059 117,066 40,657 28,133 6,127 116,737 40,748 28,284 6,225 113,050 40,308 28,189 6,107 114,713 40,459 28,859 6,055 114,195 40,267 28,567 5,957 115,018 40,485 28,713 6,085 115,059 40,535 28,654 6,145 115,180 40,505 28,632 6,282 MAJOR NDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1,781 1,472 198 102,422 16,140 86,281 1,273 85,008 8,397 256 1,853 1,482 207 104,659 16,433 68,226 1,251 86,975 8,605 259 1,758 1,490 207 104,334 16,462 87,872 1,202 86,670 8,695 252 1,591 1,393 155 101,241 16,794 84,447 1,175 83,272 8,214 248 1,678 1,385 155 102,538 17,015 85,523 1,092 84,431' 8,637 281 1,526 1,346 159 101,927 16,887 85,040 1,156 83,884 8,917 307 1,562 1,359 167 103,000 17,064 85,935 1,150 84,786 8,577 301 1,539 1,346 148 103,133 16,959 86,174 1,123 85,051 8,528 255 1,580 1,416 163 103,097 17,112 85,984 1,108 84,877 8,491 243 PERSONS AT WORK PART TME 1 All industries: Part time for economic reasons... Slack work Could only find part-time work... Voluntary part time 5,694 2,417 2,900 11,590 6,141 2,450 3,309 12,357 5,559 2,274 2,837 11,957 5,283 2,468 2,526 14,573 5,194 2,236 2,502 15,016 4,844 2.227 2,315 14,790 5,317 2,364 2,637 14,507 5,382 2,490 2,581 15,070 5,181 2,318 2,491 15,021 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons Slack work Could only find part-time work Voluntary part time 5,373 2,207 2,803 11,136 5,869 2,292 3,214 11,911 5,291 2,117 2,742 11,537 5,016 2,265 2,463 14,099 4,924 2,121 2,397 14,592 4,623 2,120 2,236 14,338 5,076 2,199 2,566 14,083 5,185 2,351 2,545 14,669 4,959 2,178 2,429 14,585 1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

Table A-5. flange of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Quarterly averages Monthly data Measure. Jflfifi. U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force 1.7 3.0 1.6 2.8 1.5 2.7 1.4 2.6 1.3 2.5 1.2 2.5 1.3 2.5 1.4 2.6 U-3 persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force U-4 full-timo jobseekers as a percent of the full-time civilian labor force U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, ncluding the resident Armed Forces 6.2 5.8 U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force 6.3 5.7 U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force 8.5 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.8 U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 112 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of tha civiiian labor force plus discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.3 NA N.A. N.A. N.A. not available. Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed p*r*orrs (n thousands) i Unemployment ratos CHARACTERSTC Total, 16 years and over Men, 16 years and over Men, 20 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 7,256 4,021 3,258 3,235 2,661 1,337 6,625 3,519 2,815 3,106 2,576 1,234 6,851 3,768 3,090 3,083 2,468 1,293 6.1 16.2 1 1 1 5.7 1 15.8 Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present. Women who maintain families 1.553 1,258 605 1,268 1,212 577 1,436 1,228 502 9.0 3.0 3.8 8.7 3.3 8.4 7.8 3.0 8.6 3.4 7.4 Full-time workers Part-time workers Labor force time lost 2. 5,812 1,432 5,174 1,443 ~* 5,517 1,321 8.2 6.9 7.4 6.2 5,2 7.7 6.4 7.8 6.3 8.1 6.4 7.4 6.5 NDUSTRY Nonagricuttural private wage and salary workers, Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Service-producing industries Transportation and public unities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industn *s Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 5,391 2,008 75 709 1,224 707 517 3,383 274 1.615 1.494 647 169 4,955 1,833 42 630 1,161 657 504 3,122 223 1,415 1,484 538 136 5,144 1,967 52 689 1,227 653 573 76 239 1,508 1,429 550 203 6.9 8.6 5.8 7.0 10.6 6.5 8.4 10.6 3.8 3.0 10.6 5.7 6.6 10.4 10.5 6.3 2.9 1 6.7 10.2 2.8 9.7 6.3 10.2 3.5 6.2 10.8 6.8 6.8 11.0 6.4 3.8 6.5 11.4 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Weeks of unemployment DURATON Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 3,101 2,305 1.682 642 1,040 3,164 2,186 1,473 685 788 3,095 2,094 1,470 669 800 3,203 2,142 1,896 834 1,062 3,125 1,956 1,540 725 816 3,075 2,110 1,609 784 825 3,066 1,890 1,512 727 785 2,965 2,078 1,629 838 791 3,197 1,957 1,676 859 817 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks 1 6.4 12.7 13.5 1 6.4 13.4 13.8 12.9 1 6.3 1 PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed, Less than 5 weeks, 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over, 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 43.8 32.5 2 9.1 1 46.4 32.0 21.6 10.0 11.5 46.5 31.4 22.1 10.1 12.0 4 29.6 26.2 11.5 1 47.2 29.5 23.3 10.9 12.3 4 31.1 2 11.5 12.1 47.4 29.2 23.4 11.2 12.1 4 31.1 2 12.6 11.9 46.6 28.7 2 12.6 12.0 Table A-8. Reason for unemployment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reasons NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers On layoff Other job losers, Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,145 730 2,415 1,062 1,991 890 2,957 781 2,176 975 1,880 1,011 2,887 739 2.148 1.062 1,688 822 3,389 874 2,515 992 1,969 855 2,916 821 2,095 993 1,784 915 3,236 793 2.443 926 1,789 807 3,059 863 2,196 944 1,723 777 3,087 852 2,235 904 1,901 776 3,138 891 2,247 997 1,669 793 PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 4 10.3 3 1 28.1 12.6 43.3 11.4 31.9 1 27.5 1 43.4 11.1 32.3 1 28.4 12.3 47.0 12.1 3 13.8 27.3 11.9 4 12.4 31.7 1 27.0 13.8 47.9 11.7 36.2 1 26.5 11.9 47.0 13.3 33.8 1 26.5 11.9 46.3 12.8 33.5 1 28.5 11.6 46.2 1 3 1 27.5 11.7 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CVLAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 2.6.9 1.6.7 2.4.8 1.5.8 2.3.9 1.5.7 2.8 1.6.7 2.4.8 1.5.8 2.7.8 1.5.7 2.5.8 1.4.6 2.5.7 1.6.6 2.6.8 1.5.6

Table A-9. persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sex and age Number of unemployed persons (n thousands) s 1 Total, 16 years and over... 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,256 2,736 1,337 638 688 1,399 4,544 4,050 483 6,625 2,468 1,234 569 630 1,234 4,150 3,691 461 6,851 2,513 1,293 607 671 1,220 4,358 3,871 476 11.8 16.2 18.3 1 9.4 3.2 11.2 1 17.8 1 8.7 2.9 1 16.1 1 8.9 3.5 10.3 1 1 12.9 8.4 2.9 10.9 1 17.5 13.0 8.5 11.1 15.8 18.7 1 8.4 3.2 Men, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 13 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,021 1,518 763 363 387 755 2,528 2,215 302 3,519 1,334 704 302 370 630 2,174 1,906 275 3,768 1.359 678 297 371 681 2.426 2,118 301 6.1 12.5 17.8 20.5 1 9.6 3.4 11.2 15.8 17.2 1 8.8 11.6 16.2 16.7 15.8 9.1 10.5 1 17.0 1 8.2 3.2 16.6 17.9 1 8.4 11.5 1 17.6 1 9.0 3.4 Worhen, 16 years and over. 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 3,235 1,218 574 275 301 644 2,016 1,835 181 3,106 1,134 530 267 260 604 1.976 1,785 186 3.083 1.154 615 310 300 539 1,933 1,753 175 11.0 1 1 13.4 9.0 2.9 1 18.4 1 8.7 2.7 11.0 1 1 1 8.8 3.2 10.0 12.4 1 11.6 8.7 2.6 5.7 10.5 1 17.0 11.2 8.7 3.0 10.7 15.8 19.8 12.9 7.8 2.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status 1986 Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio* : Not in labor force * 25,868 16,984 65.7 15,045 58.2 1,939 11.4 8,884 26,451 17,508 66.2 15,633 59.1 1,874 10.7 8,943 26,490 17,250 6 15,524 58.6 1,726 10.0 9,240 25,868 16.697 6 14,804 57.2 1,893 9,171 26,289 16,733 6 14,939 56.8 1,795 10.7 9,556 26,340 16.698 63.4 14,818 56.3 1.879 9,642 26.396 16,735 63.4 15,017 56.9 1,718 10.3 9,661 26,451 17,021 6 15,319 57.9 1,701 10.0 9.430 26,490 16.993 6 15,299 57.8 1,694 10.0 9,497 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 4 Civilian employment as a population. percent of the civilian noninstitutional

Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted Civilian employed Occupation 1963 Total, 16 years and over 1 114,527 116,737 7,088 6,659 5.8 Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty 27,750 13,791 13,958 28,980 14,575 14,405 672 312 360 773 379 394 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical. ; 35,285 3,470 13,708 18,107 35,904 3,609 14,064 18,231 1,622 112 696 813 1,546 76 655 816 2.1 Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective 15,277 956 1,932 12,389 15,628 947 2,167 12,514 1,257 63 75 1,119 1,107 48 81 978 7.6 6.2 8.3 6.6 7.3 Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 14,073 4,627 5,323 4,122 13,910 4,415 5,421 4,074 770 188 360 222 615 133 306 176 6.3 2.9 Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 18,161 8,346 4,750 5,065 935 4,130 13,404 8,176 4,912" 5,315 1,001 4,314 1,609 709 306 594 120 474 1,506 684 238 534 140 394 8.1 7.8 6.1 10.5 10.3 7.6 7.7 9.1 12.3 8.4 Farming, forestry, and fishing 3,981 3,911 242 255 5.7 6.1 1 Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted Veteran status and age Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population 1967 Total 1998 1997 Number Percent of labor fore* J.987 VETNAM-ERA VETERANS Total, 30 years and over 30 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 years and over 7,847 6,184 895 2,552 2,737 1,663 7,896 5,864 655 2,106 3,103 2,032 7,241 5,904 839 2,428 2,637 1,337 7,311 5,621 612 2,007 3,002 1,690 6,934 5,655 777 2,310 2,568 1,279 7,066 5,416 576 1,935 2,905 1,650 307 249 62 118 69 58 245 205 36 72 97 40 7.4 2.6 3.4 3.2 2.4 NONVETERANS Total, 30 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 19,585 8,910 6,252 4,423 20,542 9,155 6,883 4,499 18.601 8,549 5,921 4,131 19,525 6,747 6,555 4,223 17,788 8,132 5,692 3,964 18,739 8,352 6,305 4,082 813 417 229 167 786 395 250 141 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.3 NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States State and employment status Hot seasonally adjusted 1 1938 1986 Seasonally adjusted 2. 1986 1938 1983 1938 California Civilian noninstitutional population. 20,599 13,875 13,125 750 21,012 14,299 13,461 838 21,043 14,256 13,462 794 20,599 13,777 13,031 746 20,894 14,077 13,362 715 20,931 14,142 13,251 891 6.3 20,972 14,105 13,315 790 21,012 14,131 13,374 757 21,043 14,159 13,373 786 Florida Civilian noninstitutional population 9,463 5,927 5,591 337 5.7 9,693 6,199 5,886 313 9.711 6,235 5,921 314 9,463 5,853 5,530 323 9,628 6,093 5,773 320 9,648 6,086 5,780 306 9,671 6,115 5,831 284 9,693 6,102 5,837 285 9,711 6,162 5,862 300 llinois Civilian noninstitutional population, 8,745 5,904 5,503 402 6.8 8,786 5,869 5,507 362 6.2 8,787 5,962 5,559 402 6.7 8,745 5,833 5,420 413 7.1 8,773 5,746 5,332 414 7.2 8,776 5,733 5,352 381 6.6 8,781 5,709 5,332 377 6.6 8,786 5,760 5,394 366 6.4 8,767 5,887 5,472 415 7.0 Massachusetts Civilian noninstitutional population. 4,590 3,165 3,076 89 2.8 4,604 3,200 3,085 116 4,604 3,186 3,088 99 4,590 3,099 3,006 93 3.0 4,599 3,163 3,072 91 2.9 4,600 3,124 3,036 88 2.8 4,603 3,188 3,076 112 3.5 4,604 3,137 3,020 117 4,604 3,119 3,015 104 3.3 Michigan Civilian noninstitutional population,, 6,940 4,690 4,300 390 8.3 6,999 4,658 4,296 362 7.8 7,002 4,662 4,337 325 7.0 6,940 4,612 4,207 405 8.3 6,981 4,556 4,220 336 7.4 6,986 4,498 4 t205 293 6.5 6,993 4,553 4,253 300 6.6 6,999 4,587 4,251 336 7.3 7,002 4,566 4,229 337 7.4 New Jersey Civilian noninstitutional population, 6,008 4,034 3,878 156 6,042 4,053 3,834 168 6,044 4,029 3,886 143 6,008 3,935 3.817 168 6,032 3,969 3,831 138 3.5 6,034 3,922 3,776 146 6,039 55 3,810 145 6,042 3,969 3,825 144 6,044 3,933 3,828 155 New York Civilian noninstitutional population. 13,760 8,655 8,280 376 13,777 8,714 8,350 365 13,774 8,742 8,375 367 13,760 8,508 8,119 389 13,769 8,363 8,072 291 3.5 13,770 8,429 8,071 358 13,774 8,516 8,220 296 3.5 13,777 8,537 8,171 366 13,774 8,589 8,206 383 North Carolina Civilian noninstitutional population., 4,820 3,332 3,193 139 4,889 3,411 3,302 109 3.2 4,894 3,388 3,287 101 3.0 4,820 3,288 3,148 140 4,869 3,300 3,177 123 4,875 3,297 3,183 114 3.5 4,883 3,318 3,213 105 3.2 4,889 3,332 3,235 97 2.9 4,894 3,339 3,236 103 Ohio Civilian noninstitutional population. 8,162 5,289 4,924 365 6.9 8.203 5,336 5,064 272 8,205 5,343 5,044 299 8,162 5,234 4,873 361 6.9 8,190 5,277 4,945 332 6.3 8,194 5,248 4,922 326 6.2 8,199 5,271 4,959 312 3,203 5,252 4,973 279 8,205 5,298 5,000 298 See footnotes at end of table.

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States Continued State and employment status Not seasonally adjusted 1 Seasonally adjusted 2. Pennsylvania Civilian noninstitutional population, 9,296 5,837 5,534 303 9,325 5,882 5,568 315 9,325 5,928 5,680 249 9,296 5,691 5,375 316 9,315 5.753 5,477 276 9,317 5,661 5,375 286 9,322 5,702 5 f410 292 9,325 5,735 5,433 302 9,325 5,786 5,526 260 Texas Civilian noninstitutional population ;... 12,032 8,440 7,742 698 8.3 12,072 8,492 7,930 562 6.6 12,072 8,469 7,901 568 6.7 12,032 8.354 7,659 695 8.3 12,058 8,334 7,711 623 7.5 12,061 8,372 7,770 602 7.2 12,067 8.518 7,926 592 6.9 12,072 8,277 7,757 520 6.3 12,072 8,381 7,814 567 6.8 1 These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs. 4 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.

ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table 8-1. Employ* (n thousands) on nonagricultural payrolls by industry ESTABLSHMENT DATA Not seasonally adjusted ndustry 1 Seasonally adjusted { 1! 1933 P/ 1938p/ 1983 Total 1102,4711106,9201106,0551106,287 1102,6721105,2311105*4391106,057 1106,257 1106,476 Total private 36,4751 89.473) 39.6051 89,9441 3561 87,9731 8391 55,6731 38,9271 89,080 Goods_producing industries. 25,284) 25,9031 25,3791 26,1001 2511 23,4351 2661 2921 2551 247 Mining Oil and gas extraction Construction General building contractors. 7341 412.4 5,352 1,403.2 Manufacturing 19,195 Production workers 13, 098 Durable goods 11,2321 11,5821 11,4961 Production workers. 7,4531 7,7281 7,6361 Lumber and wood products 763.31 771 776.41 Furniture and fixtures 521.3) 53) 526.51 Stone* clay* and glass products 591 599.91 598.01 Primary aetal industries 752.3) 736.11 777.41 Blast furnaces and basic steal products. 271. 282.81 281.91. 282.2 Fabricated metal products 11,4011*462.611.4411,457.1 Machinery, except electrical 12*019.7(2*1412,112.148.3 Electrical and electronic eouipemnt 12*080.6(2,126.512,110.712,123.31 Transportation euipm«nt 12.026.2(2* 051. 0 12*026.212,01! Motor vehicles and equipment. nstruments and related products. Miscellaneous anufacturin* Nondurable goods Production workers. 841 696.31 371 7.9661 5,6451 i 728J 7421 7451 742! 7391 7411 421.31 424.Ot 419.91 412 421 4251 4241 101 34 1*453.211,47 5,6901 1,479.21,012,326 19,6511 19,5001 19,6681 19,1111 13*4241 13,2661 13,434) 13,0531 857.2 71 33 3,069 5,696 340.61 711 376.71 3,0041 5,6301 11.5521 7.6961 779.9 53 597.3 783.3 829.71 718.51 3*7.51 8,1161 5,7331 Food and kindred products 11,712.9 1*648.411,670.611,711 Tobacco Manufactures j 5 49.71 41 51.11 Textile Mill products. 731.11 716.4( 721 Apparel and other textile products 11.099.4 1.107.911,057.711*092.2. _ Paper and allied products 6*2.3 697.2! 692.1 695 Printing and publishing 11,509.711.566.111,56(1.566.31 :t\ Chemicals and allied products 1,03 1,071.611,07 1,079.51 Petroleum and coal products 168.41 169.61 170.71 170.91 Rubber end misc. plastics products 1 *24.0 Leather and leather products j 147.5) Service-producing industries 77,1*7 Transportation and public utilities.. Transportation Communication and public utilities. esale trade Durable goods...- Nondurable goods..1 5,398 53 2.240 5,926 3*4*0 2,4461 879.51 141 *l,017l 5,6161 3,3521 2,264 6,181 3*6731 2,5031 36*.7 872.21 140.01 149.4) ( 30.1761 30,1871 77 97 3*325 2.272 6.206 3*697 2*5091 5,614) 3.33*1 2*2761 2 4331» 7«524 5*0 755 274,405,031),0811,0631 374) 6961 3721,3651,5551,6251 54) 723),0981 6801,5141,0291 165) 8271 145).3211,394.1711,2231 6.2251,S92 131 3,4431 2.5121 2,4291 Retail trads 1«4 19.3591 19,3631 19.425) 1* Ceneral merchandise stores 12*397.912,4*12*4*12*492.11 4491 Food stores 12*968.2 3.089.0)10.2)3*12! 961) Automotive dealers and service stations... 2*03 2*099.012.1112*111 0101 Eating and drinking places 16,353.3 6.561.516.540.516,571 1431 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 6.6611 6,7431 6,7791 6,7781 5811 Finance 3,3151 3,3241 3,3351 3*3331 2391 nsurance 2,0361 2,0801 2,0861 2*0351 0291 Real estate 1,3101 1,3391 1.35*1 1*3601 263) Services 2^-5151 2761 25.781) 25,8021 24, 5691 Business services 1 5, 269.7 07.11 39.7 1 5,578. 05. 2121 Health services 16.900.717,232.117,27)7,290.21 6* *75 1 Government. 1931 17,4421 16*4501 16,3431 17, 0161 Federal.. 2,9661 2,9861 2,9961 2,9961 9451 State... 491 3,9321 3,3491 3,3451 $', 971! Local 9,2781 10,524) 9,6051 9.5021 10. 102! preliminary. l 5,233 1,400 19,460. 13*230) 11*4591 7*6321 7581 5351 587 773 281 1*444 2*111 2,117 2*0451 34< 706 f 8*0011 4*1 1*64*1 54 727! 1*1001 6*7 1,554) 1*0561 165) 864( 146, 79.3461 431 3,29*1 2,2451 6*089) 3,6101 2,4791 19,0931 546f 049t 064( 3261 6501 3021 0651 1,2351 263! 5,4201 7,1261 17,'303l 2,9631 4,041) 10,3041 5,237 1,394 19,490 13*302 11*477 7,649 757j 5371 5*51 7761 2811 1.4481 2,1211 2,1151 2,04*1 851) 7091 * 3,013! 5,6531 1,6431 521 728! 1,1001 6891 1,559! 1,0601 1661 870! 1461 80,0231 5,5561 5,30*1 2.2481 6,115! 3,6351 2,4*01 19,1301 2,5411 3,0531 2*0701 6,3361 6.656! 3,2991 2,067! 1*2901 25,2161 5,4431 7.1531 17,3501 2,957 4,0501 10,5451 i 7401 4251.30*1,412! 1.5441 19,341! 13,5151 11,6761 7 7571 5371 5*7 j 7311 2811.457!,.1341 2,,1201 2 *0471 2, 850! 7151 332!.0291 3,,665,645 53 727,097 j 6911.5651.0651 1671 373 146 5321 3521 2501 143! 6601 4*3,3251,4001 j 735 419 28 1*398 539! 19,584 3301 13.377 5631 7201 7571 5411 5881 7381 281) 464 1501 1211 0531 3581 7151 3861 0261 6631 631) 521 7291 0921 6911 567 0691 1671 381! 1471 11,565 7,723 755 537 5*4 736 282 1,459 2,160 2,129 2,052 359 713 385 3,019 5,649 1,627 51 721 1,091 693 1,572 1,073 163 376 147 465 30 6021 80,329 205 19 267 ( 549 2 5461 080! 0931 0761 0891 3521 3691 6791 304) 74 3011 5971 3451 2521 171! 6791 4921 6361 5021 0761 30*1 5,609 3,351 2,253 6,190 i.695 2*495 19,290 2.546 3,115 2,093 6,377 6,696 3.307 2,079 1,310 4721 25, 551! 248 4301 5, 501! 17 2051 7, 239! 7,261 379) 17, 5501 17,596 9511 2, 955J 2,972 0491 4, 069! 4,075 3791 10, 5061 10,551 j

ESTABLSHMENT DATA ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table 8-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory worker*!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Mining Construction Total private. ndustry Manufacturing Overtime hours. Durable goods Overtime hours. Lunbar and wood products Furnitura and fixturas Stone* clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricstad metal products Machinery* exeapt electrical Electrical and alactronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vahiclas and equipment nstruments and ralatad products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurebla goods Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufacture* Textile mill Products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Cheoiical* and allied products > Petroleum end coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance* and real estate. Service*. 3 42.7 S 40.9 3.3 3.3 40.3 40.3 42.6 42.9 43.3 41 40.7 41.0 40.7 39.5 40.4 40. 6 37.3 42.2 37.3 43.2 38.2 42.1 43 2 41 39 Not seasonally adjusted 39.7 30.2 36.4 32.9 / Data relate to production workers in einin* and manufacturing; construction worker* in construction! and nonsupervisary workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance; insurance, and rmml estate; and services. These groups account for approxinatly four-fifths of the total employees on private nonagricultural payrolls. t 1 Uuly 1983 E' o/ 3 42.5 3 41.2 42.0. 40.9 39.4 42.8 4 4 42.1 42.6 41.1 43.0 4 41.4 39.3 40.2 40.3 39.3 41.0 37.2 43.-1 37.6 42.4 4 41.7 37.9 39.5 38.1 29.4 35.8 32.7 3 42.5 3 40.7 41.2 3.3 40.3 33.3 42.5 4 44. 41, 42, 40.4 41 41 41. 3 39.9 40.4 t 39.2 1 40.4 36.6 43.0 37.9 42.0 4 41.0 37.4 39.7 33.3 30.0 36.2 33.0 3 42.5 3 40.8 40, 39 43.0 42.7 43.0 41.5 42.0 40.5 41. 41.4 39.0 40.2 3.3 40.8 39.2 41.1 36.9 4 38.3 4 41.4 37.3 39.6 31.0 29.3 3 32.3 3 C2) 41.0 3.3 41.5 40.5 40.0 42.2 43.3 4 41.5 42.3 40.9 41.9 41 39.7 40.3 40.2 (23 42.0 37.2 43.4 38.1 42.4 C2) 41.6 3 39.3 38.2 29.4 32.5 3 41.2 42.0 40.6 39.5 42.5 43.5 43.3 42.0 42.8 41.2 43.0 4 39.4 40.3 40.1 12) 41.6 37.4 43.3 38.2 42.1 42.0 37.3 39.5 38.3 29.2 32.7 Seasonally adjusted 1983 3 C2) (Z) 41.0 40.1 39.3 42.3 4 4 41.9 42.6 41.0 43.0 44.0 41.4 39.2 40.0 S.6 40.1 (23 40.3 36.3 43.3 37.7 42.0 41.7 37.3 39.4 38.0 29.0 C23 32.5 Juna 1983 3 (23 41.1 40 39 42 4 4 42.0 42.5 41.1 43.0 4 39.3 40.1 1.6 40.3 <23 40.7 36.9 43.2 33.0 42.4 41.6 36.9 39.3 37.9 29.1 C2) 32.5 ( j19s8e/ 1a/ 3 (23 C2) 41.2 4.0 40.5 39.6 42 _ 43.5 4 43.0 41.0 42.6 42.5 39.3 40.2 40.5 C2) 41.1 36.9 43.3 3 42.3 41.6 37.1 39.4 38.2 29.3 (23 32.7 3 (23 41.0 3.3 41.6 4.0 40.2 39.0 42.6 4 43.4 42.4 40.7 42.3 42.6 41.6 39.2 40.2 40.4 40.9 36.3 43.4 3 42.1 (23 41.6 37.7 39.2 37.8 29.0 (23 32.4 2/ These series are not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is smell relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision, p preliminary.

ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table 3-3. Average hourly and weekly *arnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Total private Seasonally adjusted. Mining. Construction.. ESTABLSHMENT DATA Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings ndustry i 1 T i / 1933 / / fi/ Manufacturing. Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone* clay* and glass products Pri.-nary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products Transportation and-public utilities. $8.94 $9.23 9.01 9.27 $9.24 9.31 12.40 12.55. 12.68 9.86 10.39 8.48 7.74 10.28 11.93 14 9.94 10.70 9.88 12.88 13.40 9.74 7.72 9.14 8.82 15 7.16 5.88 11.41 10.32 12.33 14 8.93 4 12.67 12.85 12.90 10.16 10.16 10.69 8.60 7.91 10.48 12.15 16 10.26 10.93 10.15 13.35 16 9.88 7.93 9.39 9.12 15.78 7.33 8 11.65 10.43 12.60 14 9.07 6.27 12.06 12.27 10.67 8.64 7.97 10.60 12.21 14.07 10.18 10.93 10.12 13.23 13.86 9.95 7.94 9.45 j 9.13 16 7.31 0 11.73 10.48 12.70 13 9.11 6.21 12.30 9.93 6.23 9.02 9 $9.24 $319 $322.13 $322j$323.40 9.31 313.551 321.671 3221 322.13 12.63 529.48 533.38J 538.481 536.78 12.93 489.45 497.301 497.94 499.10 10.11 403.27 10.62 8.60 8.01 10.54 12.12 14.01 10.16 10.92 10.12 15 19 9.91 7.96 9.40 9.01 12 7.38 8 11.64 10.55 12.64 14 9.15 Wholes* 1* trade 9.60 9.85 367.68 379 380.32 375.82 9.89 Retail trade 7 6.26 j 6.25 183.31 184.04 188.40 186.25 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 8.74 8.98 9.04 318.141 321.48 326.52 320.92 Servi ce«8.40 8.78 8.78 276.36! 2S7.11 290.07 287.98 L JL f See footnote 1, table B-2. P» preliminary. 6.24 12.36 429.11) 3481 311.921 437.93 511.80 594 410.52 448.33 402.12 528.08 548 402.26 3041 369.261 358.091 549.991 302.151 219.321 492.91) 392) 519.09 634 369.70 236 478.78 418.591 413.51 448.98 351.74 311.65 448.54 530.96 621.22 431.95 462 417.17 574.05 625.87 409.03 311.65 377.48 367.54 628.04 300.53 226.18 502.12 392.17 534 678.30 378.22 237.63 487 439.60 348.191 309.241 450.501 526.251 620.491 418.401 462.34 408.35 551.69 576.58 408.95 306.48 377.06 368.35 613.37 292 219.60 509 397.19 533.40 683.87 373.51 232.25 438.31 412.49 438.61 348.30 319 453.22 517.52 602.43 421.64 458.64 409.86 545.73 566.77 409.28 310.44 377.88 367.61 580.94 303.32 225 501.68 404.07 528.35 669.20 378.81 235.87 489.46 Table B-4. Hourly Earnings ndex for production or nonsupervisory workers^/ industry (1977=100) private nonagricultural payrolls by ndustry 1937 Not seasonally adjusted j>/.p/ -. Percent) change from* 1937- Seasonally adjustad Juna 198 p/ / jpercent change from: - 1983 Total private nonfarm: Current dollars 173.2 Constant (1977) dollars 93.2 Mining 1 181.4 Construction 15 Manufacturing 17 Transportation and public utilities 176.1 Wholesale trade 177.3 Retail trade 160,6 Finance*insurance* and real estate. 188.1 Services 130.41 J 178.2 93.0 181 157.31 178.61 180.11 181.71 161 194.01 188.51 178.7 92.9 13 157.8 178.91 180.31 133.01 166.1) 191 188.91 1/ See footnote 1. table B-2. V Change is -5 percent.from to Jury 1968, the latest month available. %1 Change is less than.05 parcent from to Jury. the latest month available. 4S These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is srn *H relative to the trend-cycle and/or tires ilar 178.5 N.A.t 131 158.21 178.21 131.2! 182 16 195,3 188 2.9 2.3 3.3 17 178.01 93.8 91 C4) (4)1 155.lj 157.81 17! 177.9! 177.01 1771 161 180.6 (4)1 (4) 161.51 161 (4) 182.4 (4)1 188.31 178.7 178.6 179.3 9 93.2 93.2 (4) (4) (4) 157.5 157.8 158.8 173.4 178.8 178.8 181.61 131.0 131.5 (4) (4)1 (4) 161 165.71 166.8 (4) 179.4 N.A. (4) 158.3 179.1 182.21 166.61 139.9J 189.411 190.81 191.01 0.1 (3) (4) \z (4) -.1 (4).1 components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. N.A. Data not available. p * preliminary. NOTE: Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings ndex series will no longer be published in this release. For further information, see "Employment Cost ndex Series to Replace Hourly Earnings ndex/ Monthly tabor Review,, PP.32-35.

ESTABLSHMENT DATA ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table B-5. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nansupervisory workers,!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry (1977=100) Total private ndustry Goods-producing industria Mining Construction T T f Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 1 (. 1E/]E' l i l t 34.01 143.21 Manufacturing 91 Durable goods * Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay* and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment * Motor vehicles and equipment... nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products Service-producing industries Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate. 127.51 128.21 102.01 101 103.81 90.31 106.51 112.91 39.11 64.01 51.41 87.51 8 99.5 9 81.8) 102.0! 83.31 31 152.31 97.01 91 108.0) 112.8! 91.31 69.21 55.7! 91 92.4 10! 100.51 91.31 107.51 35. 1.31 31 155.7! 128.31 121.61 121 105.4 34.3 157.6 99.6 82.9 133.9 102.71 81 141.11 1 / 1198SE/ 12! 121 126.41 12 i 102.1] 103.21 103.41 102.3 81 8! 139.31 144.01 1! 36.1! 3 142.61 142.1 91 96.21 93.31 96.11 95.71 96.11 96.61 96.1 92.5! 106.51 109.01 90.11 67.21 51 90.2! 91 100 91 33.31 106.11 81.11 93.31 107.61 112.51 91.11 67.31 5! 92.01 90.31 102.21 91 32.41 107.81 81 91.3! 101.81 112.41 81 61 51.31 88.21 36.51 100.41 99.4! 83.5! 103.01 32.9! 94.01 101 113.21 83.3! 67.61 5! 91.3 91.5 102.8 39.8 106.5 3 91 103.2! 111 87.5! 6! 51 92.11 91.6! 102.3! 100.21 89.91 106.11 8! 91 103.31 113.4) 88.11 68.6! 51 92.81 91.61 103.01! 90.3 106.6 3 99.31 99.61 97.91 100.5! 97.51 99.1 9S.4 98.9 99.11 98.8 107.71 101.41 103.4) 10S.1 99.51 101.0 100.51 101.4 100.61 99.9 71.71 67.61 61 68.01 73.21 73.8 71.0! 71.4j 7 6 83.31 81.2! 71 80.61 33.01 82.2j 80.61 30.2! 81.3 79.7 85.71 86.41 30.31 8! 81 86.2! 81 81 8 8 100.9 102.5 101.31 102.21 100.3) 101.41 101.51 101:7 102.1 102.3 131.9 13 13f 137.11 132.2! 136.5) 131 136.4! 136.9 137.2 9 99.5 91 99.01 91 97.11 97.4 98.3 99.0. 99.1 86.1 38.3 90.91 91.8! 81 31 31 36.8 37.81 39.8 11 12 120.61 122.61 116.51 122.91 60 123.4 12) 12.1 57.6J 57.91 58.4 51 55'.5\ 53,21 5 SS.7 56.6 136.61 139.31 141.11 133.81 141.71 137.41 136.31 157.8 139.1! 138.0 111.11 111 111 109.91 113.51 113.51 113.31. 111 11441 11 1 121.01 126.41 127.01 119.81 121 121 121 126.3! 12 127.41 127.71 128.51 131..0 12 121 126.21 127.41 126.2 141 141.9] 14 130.71 12 1 141.91 1 Services - 156.61 162.31 161 161 153.5 L59.0 '» _L J/ See footnote 1, table B-2 P s preliminary. 141.1 91 10! 11! 87.91 69.0 5 9 9] 103.31 99.8! 33.21 103.51 81 9 103.0 112.3 87.9 68.2 5 92.8 92.7 103.2 99.5 89.4 108.5 8 140.1! 140.11 142.31 139.5 158.31 160.0! 161.41 160.5 1 1 Table B-6. ndexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment^/ increased Time span Jan. Fab. Mar. 1 1 1 1 Sept.! Oct. Over 1-month 1986 Over 3-month span: 1986 1937 1938 Over 6-month span: 1986 57.0 50.3 61.6 50.0 57.6 71.6 4 6 73.5 47.3 1 59.2! 61.6 1 47.6 1 57.0 66.8 47, 64. 70. Over 12-month span: 1986. 42.2 41.6. 63.3 67.3 l E/73.4 ifi/78.9 49.5 61.1 62.2 45.7 6 67.0 43.8 63.0 70.3 43.3 69.5 5a. 8 62.4 63.3 1 46.2 69.2 66.3! 42.7 70.3 E/72.4 4 73.5 51.9 62.4 58.1 46 68 71 i 43.2! 72.4 45.7 76.8 46.3 61.6 6 f 46.2 71.9 lfi/68.4 47.0 77.3 48.6 76.8 51 70. lfi/60.8 48.1 73.3 E/70.8 46.5 78.4 46.3 7 5 51.4. 62.2...» lfi/56.5 51.9 ( 50.5 76.8 7 50.0 79.7 4 7 5 82.7 51.6 79.7 53.0 67.3 5 76.5 53.2 77.8 53.8! 78.4 Nov. 58.9 67.3 59.7 78.1 5 77.0 77 56.5 -'j Dec. 58.9 63.4 59.2 73.0 53.4 76.5 57.8 31.9 \S Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted. NOTE: Figures are the P«rcent of industries with employment rising. (Ha f of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans. p=preliminary. *U. S. GOVERNMENT PRNTNG OFFC tt9b3-202-105t80120